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Journal articles on the topic 'Characterization of surfaces'

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Published: 8 June 2024

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1

Chan, Chi-Ming, Lu-Tao Wang, and Lin Li. "Applications of Surface Analysis Techniques in Surface Characterization of Polymer Surfaces and Interfaces." Journal of The Adhesion Society of Japan 38, no. 5 (2002): 173–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.11618/adhesion.38.173.

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2

MALGOUYRES, RÉMY, and GILLES BERTRAND. "COMPLETE LOCAL CHARACTERIZATION OF STRONG 26-SURFACES: CONTINUOUS ANALOGS FOR STRONG 26-SURFACES." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 13, no. 04 (June 1999): 465–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001499000288.

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In Ref. 6, two similar characterizations of discrete surfaces of ℤ3 are proposed which are called strong 18-surfaces and strong 26-surfaces. The proposed characterizations consist in some natural global properties of surfaces. In this paper, we first give local necessary conditions for an object to be a strong 26-surface. An object satisfying these local properties is called a near strong 26-surface. Then we construct continuous analogs for near strong 26-surfaces and, using the continuous Jordan Theorem, we prove that the necessary local conditions previously introduced in fact give a complete local characterization of strong 26-surfaces: the class of near strong 26-surfaces coincides with the class of strong 26-surfaces.

3

Russ, John C. "Characterization of Surface Roughness." Microscopy and Microanalysis 6, S2 (August 2000): 916–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600037077.

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Because of the session at this Microscopy and Microanalysis 2000 meeting concerned with the microanalysis of irregular surfaces, it seems appropriate to briefly review the methods used for the characterization of rough surfaces. This includes both mathematical tools for the concise description of surface roughness, and instruments used to acquire the necessary data. These methods are widely used in industry to characterize and specify the roughness of surfaces prepared by various machining, grinding, polishing, chemical etching, and physical and chemical deposition techniques, and to correlate the surface roughness with performance.Historically, surface roughness has been measured by performing a linear traverse with a mechanical stylus that is sensitive to vertical displacements of nm but with a lateral resolution on the order of pm, which is quite similar to the dimensions of the region analyzed by X-ray microanalysis. Recently, more comprehensive characterizations have been obtained using a raster scan over surface areas.

4

Jelonek, Włodzimierz. "Characterization of affine ruled surfaces." Glasgow Mathematical Journal 39, no. 1 (January 1997): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017089500031852.

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The aim of this paper is to give certain conditions characterizing ruled affine surfaces in terms of the Blaschke structure (∇, h, S) induced on a surface (M, f) in ℝ3. The investigation of affine ruled surfaces was started by W. Blaschke in the beginning of our century (see [1]). The description of affine ruled surfaces can be also found in the book [11], [3] and [7]. Ruled extremal surfaces are described in [9]. We show in the present paper that a shape operator S is a Codazzi tensor with respect to the Levi-Civita connection ∇ of affine metric h if and only if (M, f) is an affine sphere or a ruled surface. Affine surfaces with ∇S = 0 are described in [2] (see also [4]). We also show that a surface which is not an affine sphere is ruled iff im(S - HI) =ker(S - HI) and ket(S - HI) ⊂ ker dH. Finally we prove that an affine surface with indefinite affine metric is a ruled affine sphere if and only if the difference tensor K is a Codazzi tensor with respect to ∇.

5

Hickel, Werner, Benno Rothenhäusler, and Wolfgang Knoll. "Surface plasmon microscopic characterization of external surfaces." Journal of Applied Physics 66, no. 10 (November 15, 1989): 4832–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.344468.

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6

TAKAHAGI, TAKAYUKI. "Special issue "Surfaces". Characterization of Polymer Surface." NIPPON GOMU KYOKAISHI 65, no. 5 (1992): 270–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2324/gomu.65.270.

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7

Önder, Mehmet, and H. Hüseyin Uğurlu. "Some Results and Characterizations for Mannheim Offsets of the Ruled Surfaces." Boletim da Sociedade Paranaense de Matemática 34, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 85–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5269/bspm.v34i1.24756.

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In this study, we give the dual characterizations of Mannheim offsets of ruled surfaces in terms of their integral invariants and obtain a new characterization of the Mannheim offsets of developable surface, i.e., we show that the striction lines of developable Mannheim offset surfaces are Mannheim partner curves. Furthermore, we obtain the relationships between the area of projections of spherical images for Mannheim offsets of ruled surfaces and their integral invariants.

8

Ghassa, Sina, Hadi Abdollahi, Mahdi Gharabaghi, Saeed Chehreh Chelgani, and Mohammad Jafari. "The Surface Chemistry Characterization of Pyrite, Sphalerite and Molybdenite after Bioleaching." Solid State Phenomena 262 (August 2017): 487–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.262.487.

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The mineral surface chemistry characterization is essential to describe the dissolution kinetics in leaching and bioleaching. Five different methods, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Raman Spectroscopy, have been applied to study the surface chemistry changes during pyrite, sphalerite and molybdenite bioleaching. The surface characterizations have been done for samples before and after biological and chemical leaching. The SEM images illustrated that the minerals surfaces were smooth before processing, while they covered with an ash layer after biological treatment. Although EDS analysis and Raman spectrum demonstrated the potassium jarosite formation on the pyrite surface during bioleaching, the formation of jarosite layer did not occur on the sphalerite surfaces during bioleaching. On the other hand, a sulfur layer formation on the sphalerite surface was confirmed by mentioned characterization methods. Finally, according to the XRD and EDS spectrum the molybdenite surface had been covered both with sulfur and jarosite.

9

Pawlus, Pawel, Rafal Reizer, and Michal Wieczorowski. "Parametric Characterization of Machined Textured Surfaces." Materials 16, no. 1 (December 24, 2022): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16010163.

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Surface topography in general is not easy to characterize due to a great number of different features that appear on it. It is still more challenging for machined textured surfaces that are of high functional significance for tribological purposes. For practical reasons, there is a need to describe such surfaces using only a small number of parameters. Which of them represent surface details the best is still an open issue. To find out which parameters can be the most suitable in that case, three groups of machined textured surfaces were prepared. They were plateau-honed cylinder surfaces made of gray cast iron, steel, and bronze surfaces with isolated dimples and steel surfaces after abrasive blasting followed by lapping. All of them were measured by means of a white light interferometer. Different parameters and relationships were evaluated and based on them correlation and regression analyses were used. The basic description contained statistically independent parameters that can be used in production control, while the wider description in scientific research. In general, parameters of random surfaces were more intercorrelated than those of surfaces with isolated dimples. As was found for the basic description of random two-process surfaces, five parameters were enough while description of textured surfaces with isolated oil pockets needed six. In wider, scientific description, regardless the surface type seven parameters contained the necessary information about the surface. It was also proved that a pair of parameters, the emptiness coefficient Sp/Sz and Sq/Sa, can describe the shape of the ordinate distribution of machined textured surfaces better than, for example, skewness Ssk and kurtosis Sku, commonly used for that purpose.

10

Shen, Jian Yun, Wei Min Lin, Hitoshi Ohmori, and Xi Peng Xu. "Characterization of ELID-Ground Granite Surfaces." Key Engineering Materials 291-292 (August 2005): 127–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.291-292.127.

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In the present study, natural granites were ELID ground with metal-resin bonded diamond wheels on a lap-grinding machine to achieve smooth surface. The surface roughness during the grinding process and final glossiness were examined to describe the formation of finely finished granite surfaces. According to the detailed micro-observation of ground surfaces, it can be concluded that natural granite surface on the main mineral components can be smoothly finished with ELID lap grinding. However, the appearance of natural defects and residual fracture on the ground surface lead to the scattered surface roughness, and restrict the improvement of surface glossiness.

11

Strass, Karl-Heinz. "Advanced 3D roughness analysis for the characterization of ceramic surfaces." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2011, CICMT (September 1, 2011): 000207–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/cicmt-2011-wp12.

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Advanced processes often hinge on the ability to reproduce specific surface characteristics. While throughout the past century, the mean roughness value, also expressed as Ra has often been used as the main parameter to classify a surface's ability to retain oil and provide a functional bearing surface, the materials, processes and required functionalities of modern surfaces go far beyond that application. Superficial interfaces now often determine the ability of a consecutive layer to adhere to the substrate or, amongst others, enhance a surface's ability to exchange electrons or other elements. In many applications the surface itself enables the process the device is intended to deliver. The paper discusses various approaches to measure surface roughness, and takes a closer look at more advanced surface roughness parameters that allow the user to more accurately and precisely determine a surface's ability to function within its desired boundary conditions. We will review various technologies widely used to measure surface topographies, from the traditional stylus profilometry, to white light interferometry, confocal microscopy to optical systems that combine several of the advantages into one technology. Almost none of the surfaces functions today are based on surface properties of a single line, hence the paper will review the correlation between single line scan metrology and real 3D metrology. Acquiring 3-dimensional data provides the user with significantly more information. Any directionality of surface properties can now be evaluated by taking advantage of more advanced and complex roughness parameters that indicate for instance, anisotropies of surface preparation processes.

12

Önder, Mehmet, and H. Hüseyin Uğurlu. "On the invariants of Mannheim offsets of timelike ruled surfaces with spacelike rulings." Asian-European Journal of Mathematics 08, no. 01 (March 2015): 1550009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793557115500096.

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In this paper, we give the characterizations for Mannheim offsets of timelike ruled surfaces with spacelike rulings in dual Lorentzian space [Formula: see text]. We obtain the relations between terms of their integral invariants and also we give new characterization for the Mannheim offsets of developable timelike ruled surface. Moreover, we find relations between the area of projections of spherical images for Mannheim offsets of timelike ruled surfaces and their integral invariants.

13

Almeida, Tiago, Alexandra Alves, Fatih Toptan, Mariano Herrero, Paula Vaz, and João Sampaio‐Fernandes. "Titanium implant surfaces characterization after different surface treatments." Clinical Oral Implants Research 31, S20 (October 2020): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/clr.87_13644.

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14

NISHIKAWA, Yuji, and Masatoshi OSAWA. "Biological Surfaces. Characterization of Human Skin Surfaces by Surface-Enhanced Infrared Spectroscopy." Journal of the Surface Finishing Society of Japan 45, no. 2 (1994): 172–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4139/sfj.45.172.

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15

Kong, Lingbao, Yingao Ma, Mingjun Ren, Min Xu, and Chifai Cheung. "Generation and characterization of ultra-precision compound freeform surfaces." Science Progress 103, no. 1 (October 10, 2019): 003685041988011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0036850419880112.

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Compound freeform surfaces are widely used in bionic and optical applications. The manufacturing and measurement of such surfaces are challenging due to the complex geometry with multi-scale features in a high precision level with sub-micrometer form accuracy and nanometer surface finish. This article presents a study of ultra-precision machining and characterization of compound freeform surfaces. A hybrid machining process by combining slow slide servo and fast tool servo is proposed to machine compound freeform surfaces. The machining process for this hybrid tool servo is explained, and tool path generation is presented. Then, a normal template-based matching and characterization method is proposed to evaluate such compound freeform surfaces. Experimental studies are undertaken to machine a compound freeform surface using the proposed method based on a four-axis ultra-precision machine tool. The machined compound freeform surface is also measured and characterized by the proposed analysis and characterization method. The experimental results are presented, and the machining errors for compound freeform surfaces are also discussed.

16

Chu, Zonglin, and Stefan Seeger. "Superamphiphobic surfaces." Chem. Soc. Rev. 43, no. 8 (2014): 2784–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3cs60415b.

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Progress in superamphiphobic surfaces, including the characterization, different techniques towards the fabrication of surface roughness and surface modification with low-surface-energy materials as well as their applications, is reviewed.

17

Ruzyllo, Jerzy, and Patrick J. Drummond. "Electrical Characterization of As-Processed Semiconductor Surfaces - Invited Paper." Solid State Phenomena 255 (September 2016): 299–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.255.299.

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The paper is concerned with electrical characterization of as-processed semiconductor surfaces and near-surface regions for the purpose of process development and monitoring. The methods of electrical characterization based on Surface Photovoltage (SPV) and Photoconductance Decay (PCD) effects are discussed as being particularly conducive with the needs of as-processed semiconductor surface characterization and experimental results demonstrating merits of the proposed methodology are presented.

18

Urzúa, Giancarlo, and José Yáñez. "Characterization of Kollár surfaces." Algebra & Number Theory 12, no. 5 (July 31, 2018): 1073–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.2140/ant.2018.12.1073.

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19

Verma, Ritwik, and Jay Raja. "Characterization of engineered surfaces." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 13 (January 1, 2005): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/13/1/002.

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20

Wu, Jiunn-Jong. "Characterization of fractal surfaces." Wear 239, no. 1 (April 2000): 36–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0043-1648(99)00362-2.

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21

Perry, Scott S., and Gabor A. Somorjai. "Characterization of Organic Surfaces." Analytical Chemistry 66, no. 7 (April 1994): 403A—415A. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac00079a001.

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22

Schaefer, J. A. "Characterization of semiconductor surfaces." Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 333, no. 4-5 (January 1989): 516–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00572366.

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23

TAKEI, Takashi. "Characterization of Particle Surfaces." Hyomen Kagaku 24, no. 10 (2003): 614–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1380/jsssj.24.614.

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24

Engelhardt, Heinz. "Chromatographic characterization of surfaces." Pure and Applied Chemistry 61, no. 11 (January 1, 1989): 2033–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac198961112033.

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25

Lee, C. T., and D. E. Clark. "Characterization of glass surfaces." Applications of Surface Science 20, no. 4 (February 1985): 397–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-5963(85)90164-3.

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26

Feng, Zhigang, Xuezai Pan, Guoxing Dai, and Hongguang Liu. "Research on Rock Fracture Surface Morphology Characterization under Brazilian Test." Abstract and Applied Analysis 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/434898.

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In order to test the differences in the morphology characterization of rock fracture surfaces under different loading directions and rates, the following three steps are operated. Firstly, using Brazilian test, the Brazilian discs are loaded to fracture under different loading modes. Secondly, each rock fracture surface is scanned with a highly accurate laser profilometer and accordingly the coordinates of three lines on every rock fracture surface and three sections of every line are selected to analyze their fracture morphology characterization. Finally, modulus maximum method of wavelet transform, including a new defined power algorithm and signal to noise ratio, and fractal variation method are used to determine the differences in rock fracture surfaces’ morphology characterization under different loading directions and rates. The result illustrates that both modulus maximum and fractal variation method can detect anisotropy of rock fracture failure. Compared to modulus maximum method, fractal variation method shows stronger sensitivity to the change of loading rates, which is more suitable to differentiate the rock fracture surface’s morphology characterization under different loading modes.

27

Teska, Peter, Roderick Dayton, Xiaobao Li, Jason Lamb, and Phillip Strader. "Damage to Common Healthcare Polymer Surfaces from UV Exposure." Nano LIFE 10, no. 03 (April 14, 2020): 2050001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793984420500014.

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Healthcare-associated infections are a significant concern in acute care facilities across the US. Studies have shown the importance of a hygienic patient environment in reducing the risk of such infections. This has caused an increased interest in ultraviolet (UV-C) light disinfectant technology as an adjunct technology to provide additional pathogen reduction to environmental surfaces and patient care equipment (i.e., surfaces). It is also well known that UV-C light can cause premature degradation of materials, particularly certain plastic materials. However, there is little information in the literature regarding characterizing this degradation of plastics and other materials used for surfaces in healthcare. This study aims to evaluate multiple characterization techniques and propose a systematic approach to further understand early onset degradation of plastics due to UV-C exposure. Susceptibility and modes of degradation of multiple plastic materials were compared using the techniques evaluated. Ten grades of plastic materials were exposed to UV-C light in a manner consistent with standards given in the healthcare and furniture industry to achieve disinfection. These materials were characterized for visual appearance, chemical composition, surface roughness and hardness using light microscopy, spectrophotometry, contact angle analysis, infrared spectroscopy, profilometry and nanoindentation. All characterization methods were able to identify one or more specific degradation features from UV-C exposure covering different aspects of physicochemical properties of the surfaces. However, these methods showed different sensitivity and applicability to identify the onset of surface damage. Different types of surface materials showed different susceptibility and modes to degradation upon UV-C light exposure. UV-C disinfection can cause detectable damage to various surfaces in healthcare. A characterization approach consisting of physical and chemical characterizations is proposed in quantifying surface degradation of a material from UV-C exposure to address the complexity in modes of degradation and the varied sensitivity to UV-C from different materials. Methods with high sensitivity can be used to evaluate onset of damage or early stage damage.

28

Bigerelle, M., M. Dalla-Costa, and D. Najjar. "Multiscale similarity characterization of abraded surfaces." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 221, no. 10 (October 1, 2007): 1473–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544054jem770.

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Many surface properties are related to their topography. The characteristics of an engineering surface can be recorded as a roughness profile characterized by calculation of roughness parameters. The supposed relevant parameters are used to characterize the surface and to tailor similar surfaces with the same characteristics. The aim of this paper is to propose an alternative method based on information theory to avoid roughness parameters calculation in quantifying the similarity of two roughness profiles. The relevance of this method is emphasized using experimental profiles.

29

MELEKOĞLU, ADNAN. "A NEW CHARACTERIZATION OF WIMAN SURFACES." Bulletin of the Australian Mathematical Society 80, no. 3 (July 27, 2009): 360–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0004972709000598.

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AbstractLet ℳ be a regular map of genus g>1 and X be the underlying Riemann surface. A reflection of ℳ fixes some simple closed curves on X, which we call mirrors. Each mirror passes through at least two of the geometric points (vertices, face-centers and edge-centers) of ℳ. In this paper we study the surfaces which contain mirrors passing through just two geometric points, and show that only Wiman surfaces have this property.

30

Liu, Xiao, Fan Yang, Maokun Li, and Shenheng Xu. "Generalized Boundary Conditions in Surface Electromagnetics: Fundamental Theorems and Surface Characterizations." Applied Sciences 9, no. 9 (May 8, 2019): 1891. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9091891.

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Generalized boundary conditions (GBCs) for electromagnetic surfaces are investigated in this paper, which can be used to analytically characterize field discontinuities across two-dimensional surfaces. First, five representative features are described to categorize various surface problems which require proper GBC-based characterization procedures. Next, the generalized boundary conditions are discussed in details, in association with impedance boundary conditions, generalized sheet transition conditions, and surface scattering coefficients. Then an extraction method for surface susceptibilities, the characteristic parameters of surfaces in GBCs, are proposed and validated. Finally, to illustrate the applications of GBCs, two representative surface problems are demonstrated, namely, isolated-aperture surface analysis and surface-wave mode characterization. For the isolated-aperture surface, a characterization procedure is derived based on GBCs and Babinet’s principle, and the accuracy is validated through comparison with full-wave simulations. For surface wave analysis, a characterization procedure is also developed from GBCs, and the feasibility is verified by numerical examples as well.

31

ZHAO Xing, 赵星, 郑义 ZHENG Yi, 张赞 ZHANG Zan, 张娟 ZHANG Juan, 王灵杰 WANG Ling-jie, and 伍雁雄 WU Yan-xiong. "Characterization of freeform optical surfaces based on surface slope." Optics and Precision Engineering 23, no. 7 (2015): 1957–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/ope.20152307.1957.

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32

Lewis, Roger D., Jason Kennedy, Mason Andruskiewicz, Christopher A. Brown, Sridhar Condoor, M. Brisson, K. Ashley, J. Lesage, and S. W. Dean. "Surface Characterization of Replicate Wood Surfaces for Cleaning Studies." Journal of ASTM International 8, no. 10 (2011): 103656. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/jai103656.

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33

Chabal, Yves J., Oliver Seitz, Damien Aureau, Peter Thissen, and Tatiana Peixoto. "Characterization of Semiconductor Surfaces during Surface Conditioning and Functionalization." ECS Transactions 41, no. 5 (December 16, 2019): 303–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.3630858.

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34

Ohte, T., A. Kojima, M. Katoh, K. Kamata, and S. Ohtani. "Surface characterization of carbon surfaces by cold plasma treatment." Carbon 32, no. 1 (1994): 177–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0008-6223(94)90024-8.

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35

Mathur, M. S., and J. S. C. McKee. "Characterization of implanted surfaces by unenhanced surface Raman scattering." Surface and Interface Analysis 19, no. 1-12 (June 1992): 298–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.740190156.

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36

Zhuang, Hengzhong, and Joseph A. Gardella. "Spectroscopic Characterization of Polymer Surfaces." MRS Bulletin 21, no. 1 (January 1996): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400035156.

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The surface science of polymer materials has recently grown to a dynamic field, largely because of application in such areas as composite materials, wetting, coatings, adhesion, friction, and biocompatibility. The synthesis of new polymer materials, resulting in desired polymer-surface structures and composition, has become more sophisticated and is driving the development of new spectroscopic probes and continuing evolution of more established methods.A good example of how instrumentation development has led to better applications in polymer-surface science is to follow the growth of studies using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)—also called electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA). ESCA is now routinely used to obtain surface composition of polymers, and to follow processing steps and degradation chemistry. Advances in instrumentation have driven many of these more sophisticated applications.Nevertheless, to improve the understanding of polymer-surface chemistry, more information is needed about surface structure with further sophistication, at a higher level of precision. For example, the knowledge of orientation and subsequent reactive availability of functional groups and of monomer ar rangement along a chain in copolymers and intrachain interactions is important. Macromolecular chain arrangement, termination, branching, and micromorphological information (i.e., domain size and distribution), molecular-weight distributions at or near the surface (in comparison with the average, bulk distribution), and higher degrees of spatial resolution in all three dimensions are all important in determining sophisticated surface structure-property relationships. To approach this level of structural and reactivity information at surfaces and interfaces, evolution of established methods and development of new methods must both be accomplished.

37

Yang, Chris, Anatoly Zharin, and Steven Danyluk. "Surface Characterization with an Ionization Probe." Key Engineering Materials 447-448 (September 2010): 518–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.447-448.518.

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This paper discusses the application of an ionizing source coupled with galvanic differences between metals in a measure of the work function difference between the metal surfaces. The electrical field generated from the contact potential difference (CPD) between two electrodes will cause the gaseous ions to discharge at both surfaces, creating a measurable current. The current depends on the surface size, spacing, and ionizing source power. One of the surfaces (probe) can vary in shape and size, and if inert, can be used to obtain the work function or surface potential of the second surface. The ionic current is proportional to ion mobility, ion generation rate, CPD, and the probe size, but inversely proportional to the spacing between the probe and the sample. It is found, as expected, that there is an approximate linear relationship between the ionization probe signal and the work function of the surfaces of metals.

38

Brostow, Witold, and Tea Datashvili. "Chemical modification and characterization of boehmite particles." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 2, no. 1 (March 15, 2008): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht02.01.027.

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Polymerizable organic silane molecules 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propylmethacrylate (3MPS) and vinyltri(2-methoxyethoxy)silane (VTMES) have been introduced onto surfaces of high purity Boehmite (a commercial alumina) via hydroxyl groups on the oxides in order to obtain organic-inorganic hybrid “macromonomers”. Changes of surface characteristics have been determined using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The influence of the type of silane used and modification conditions have been determined. Preheating was applied to some Boehmite samples; it leads to lower concentrations of –OH groups on the powder surface and the adsorption yields lower than in samples without preheating. Modification leads to surface hydrophobicity and thus reduces significantly water adsorption; in TGA we see desorption of water below 423 K only in un-modified Boehmite.

39

Eades, J. A., A. E. Smith, and D. F. Lynch. "convergent-beam diffraction from surfaces." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 45 (August 1987): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100125208.

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It is quite simple (in the transmission electron microscope) to obtain convergent-beam patterns from the surface of a bulk crystal. The beam is focussed onto the surface at near grazing incidence (figure 1) and if the surface is flat the appropriate pattern is obtained in the diffraction plane (figure 2). Such patterns are potentially valuable for the characterization of surfaces just as normal convergent-beam patterns are valuable for the characterization of crystals.There are, however, several important ways in which reflection diffraction from surfaces differs from the more familiar electron diffraction in transmission.GeometryIn reflection diffraction, because of the surface, it is not possible to describe the specimen as periodic in three dimensions, nor is it possible to associate diffraction with a conventional three-dimensional reciprocal lattice.

40

Lindfors, Juha, Jani Salmi, Janne Laine, and Per Stenius. "AKD and ASA model surfaces: Preparation and characterization." BioResources 2, no. 4 (October 20, 2007): 652–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.2.4.652-670.

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Model surfaces of alkyl ketene dimer (AKD) and alkenyl succinic anhyd-ride (ASA) were prepared by casting and spin-coating methods. The surface chemical composition and surface topography were investigated by XPS, ellipsometry, AFM and contact angle studies. Spin-coating resulted in layered structure of AKD and ASA surfaces; the molecular layer thickness of both AKD and ASA was found to be ca. 2.5 nm. To achieve a covering surface layer, an average thickness of ca. 35 nm was required. The rms roughness of the created surfaces was 1 - 6 nm. Colloidal probe adhesion measurements were performed to verify that the roughness was in a range suitable for these measurements. The high reactivity of ASA with water generated stability problems with the ASA layers and it has to be recognized that surface force measurements with ASA in aqueous environment are very difficult, if not impossible. How-ever, surfaces created in this way were found to be useful in providing explanations of earlier ASA adhesion studies. The contact angle measurements on ASA layers also indicated that it might be possible to asses the hydrolysis rate issues through a set of similar measurements.

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Sobola, Dinara, Pavel Kaspar, Alois Nebojsa, Dušan Hemzal, Lubomír Grmela, and Steve Smith. "Characterization of the native oxide on CdTe surfaces." Materials Science-Poland 37, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 206–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/msp-2019-0030.

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AbstractThis study focuses on the description of oxidation of CdTe monocrystal surfaces after selective chemical etching. Measurements of surface morphology of the oxides occurring in short time are valuable for deeper understanding of the material degradation and fabrication of reliable devices with enhanced performance. The samples with (1 1 1) orientation were selectively etched and cleaned of oxide. Exposure of the oxide-free surfaces of CdTe to air at normal atmospheric conditions over 24 hours leads to an appearance of characteristic surface features. The oxidized surfaces were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, scanning probe microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and ellipsometry. The results indicate clear differences in the oxidation of Cd-terminated and Te-terminated surfaces.

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Yu, De Ping, Yoke San Wong, and Geok Soon Hong. "Automatic Surface Characterization for Micro-Structured Surfaces Fabricated by Fast Tool Servo Diamond Turning." Key Engineering Materials 447-448 (September 2010): 534–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.447-448.534.

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Fast tool servo diamond turning is a promising machining method for precision and complex micro-structured surfaces with spatial wavelength above tens of microns. It is crucial to measure and characterize the micro-structured surfaces to sub-micrometer form accuracy. The general purpose measurement instruments are not able to evaluate the true form accuracy between the measured surface and designed surface. Therefore, in this paper an automatic surface characterization method is proposed to evaluate the form accuracy for micro-structured surfaces. The fabricated surfaces can be measured by any high-resolution measurement instruments. After the surface measurement, an iterative closest point (ICP) algorithm is modified to align the measured surfaces to the designed surfaces with the form error evenly distributed over the whole surface. After alignment, the designed surface height corresponding to each measured point is calculated to form the areal error map. 3D surface parameters are chosen and calculated from the error map to characterize the surface form error. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed surface characterization method.

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Parmeggiani, Davide, Francesca Despini, Sofia Costanzini, Malvina Silvestri, Federico Rabuffi, Sergio Teggi, and Grazia Ghermandi. "Assessing Satellite Data’s Role in Substituting Ground Measurements for Urban Surfaces Characterization: A Step towards UHI Mitigation." Atmosphere 15, no. 5 (April 29, 2024): 551. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos15050551.

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Urban surfaces play a crucial role in shaping the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect by absorbing and retaining significant solar radiation. This paper explores the potential of high-resolution satellite imagery as an alternative method for characterizing urban surfaces to support UHI mitigation strategies in urban redevelopment plans. We utilized Landsat images spanning the past 40 years to analyze trends in Land Surface Temperature (LST). Additionally, WorldView-3 (WV3) imagery was acquired for surface characterization, and the results were compared with ground truth measurements using the ASD FieldSpec 4 spectroradiometer. Our findings revealed a strong correlation between satellite-derived surface reflectance and ground truth measurements across various urban surfaces, with Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) values ranging from 0.01 to 0.14. Optimal characterization was observed for surfaces such as bituminous membranes and parking with cobblestones (RMSE < 0.03), although higher RMSE values were noted for tiled roofs, likely due to aging effects. Regarding surface albedo, the differences between satellite-derived data and ground measurements consistently remained below 12% for all surfaces, with the lowest values observed in high heat-absorbing surfaces like bituminous membranes. Despite challenges on certain surfaces, our study highlights the reliability of satellite-derived data for urban surface characterization, thus providing valuable support for UHI mitigation efforts.

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Brunella, Marco. "A characterization of Inoue surfaces." Commentarii Mathematici Helvetici 88, no. 4 (2013): 859–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4171/cmh/305.

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Sarrazin, J., A. Lepage, and X. Begaud. "Circular High-Impedance Surfaces Characterization." IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 11 (2012): 260–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lawp.2012.2189349.

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Lejeune, Michaël, Andrea Valsesia, Martin Kormunda, Pascal Colpo, and François Rossi. "Structural characterization of nanopatterned surfaces." Surface Science 583, no. 1 (May 2005): L142—L146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.susc.2005.03.031.

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Shen, Li-Yong, and Sonia Pérez-Díaz. "Characterization of rational ruled surfaces." Journal of Symbolic Computation 63 (May 2014): 21–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsc.2013.11.003.

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Wilhelm, R. "Characterization of plasma near surfaces." Journal of Nuclear Materials 200, no. 3 (May 1993): 273–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-3115(93)90295-a.

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Clare, Alexis G., Matthew M. Hall, Michelle L. Korwin-Edson, and Alan H. Goldstein. "Biomolecular characterization of glass surfaces." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 15, no. 31 (July 23, 2003): S2365—S2375. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/15/31/312.

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Pande, C. S., L. E. Richards, N. Louat, B. D. Dempsey, and A. J. Schwoeble. "Fractal characterization of fractured surfaces." Acta Metallurgica 35, no. 7 (July 1987): 1633–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0001-6160(87)90110-6.

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