Journal articles: 'Characteristic rule'

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Prasad, P., R. Ravindran, and A. Sau. "The characteristic rule for shocks." Applied Mathematics Letters 4, no. 1 (1991): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0893-9659(91)90111-8.

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Doornich, June Borge, Katarina Kaarbøe, and Anatoli Bourmistrov. "The tension between intention and attention." Qualitative Research in Accounting & Management 16, no. 2 (June 17, 2019): 197–223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/qram-06-2017-0056.

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Purpose This paper aims to explore how changes in the coercive and enabling orientations of the organizational rule system influence the attention managers pay to rules. Design/methodology/approach The findings of a case study covering a multinational energy company, which are interpreted based on insights from the coercive/enabling bureaucracy literature and the evolution of rules literature, help explain how rules can direct attention. Findings The findings suggest that the tensions between corporate management’s intentions for an organization’s rule system and the attention middle (country) managers pay to those rules were the main driver of dialectic changes in the rule system. The more coercive the rule system became, the more middle managers diverted their attention away from rule compliance. The paper shows how the dialect change process constituted a dynamic interaction between mindful “rule setters” and mindful “rule followers.” The alignment between intentions and attention was reestablished by better balancing the coercive and enabling orientations of the rule system: enabling better flexibility, enhancing internal transparency based on local business logic and improving global transparency through closer alignment of local and global growth and efficiency goals. Surprisingly, the repair characteristic was not as important. Originality/value The findings contribute to the literature by showing how the enabling and coercive characteristics of an organizational rule system constitute managerial attention artifacts. The paper demonstrates how tensions between corporate intentions and local contingencies in the context of global organizations can lead to constrictive change and create a win-win situation for both central and local actors by better balancing the coercive and enabling orientations of the rule system. It also offers new insights into the dialectic change process in an organization’s rule system based on attention view toward organizational rules.

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Bie, Zujie, Qi Han, Chao Liu, Junjian Huang, Lepeng Song, and Yangjun Pei. "Chaotic Behavior of One-Dimensional Cellular Automata Rule 24." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/304297.

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Wolfram divided the 256 elementary cellular automata rules informally into four classes using dynamical concepts like periodicity, stability, and chaos. Rule 24, which is Bernoulliστ-shift rule and is member of Wolfram’s class II, is said to be simple as periodic before. Therefore, it is worthwhile studying dynamical behaviors of four rules, whether they possess chaotic attractors or not. In this paper, the complex dynamical behaviors of rule 24 of one-dimensional cellular automata are investigated from the viewpoint of symbolic dynamics. We find that rule 24 is chaotic in the sense of both Li-Yorke and Devaney on its attractor. Furthermore, we prove that four rules of global equivalenceε52of cellular automata are topologically conjugate. Then, we use diagrams to explain the attractor of rule 24, where characteristic function is used to describe the fact that all points fall into Bernoulli-shift map after two iterations under rule 24.

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Abiyev, Rahib H. "Z Number Based Fuzzy Inference System for Dynamic Plant Control." Advances in Fuzzy Systems 2016 (2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8950582.

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Frequently the reliabilities of the linguistic values of the variables in the rule base are becoming important in the modeling of fuzzy systems. Taking into consideration the reliability degree of the fuzzy values of variables of the rules the design of inference mechanism acquires importance. For this purpose, Z number based fuzzy rules that include constraint and reliability degrees of information are constructed. Fuzzy rule interpolation is presented for designing of an inference engine of fuzzy rule-based system. The mathematical background of the fuzzy inference system based on interpolative mechanism is developed. Based on interpolative inference process Z number based fuzzy controller for control of dynamic plant has been designed. The transient response characteristic of designed controller is compared with the transient response characteristic of the conventional fuzzy controller. The obtained comparative results demonstrate the suitability of designed system in control of dynamic plants.

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CHUA, LEON O., VALERY I. SBITNEV, and SOOK YOON. "A NONLINEAR DYNAMICS PERSPECTIVE OF WOLFRAM'S NEW KIND OF SCIENCE PART V: FRACTALS EVERYWHERE." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 15, no. 12 (December 2005): 3701–849. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127405014775.

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This fifth installment is devoted to an in-depth study of CA Characteristic Functions, a unified global representation for all 256 one-dimensional Cellular Automata local rules. Except for eight rather special local rules whose global dynamics are described by an affine (mod 1) function of only one binary cell state variable, all characteristic functions exhibit a fractal geometry where self-similar two-dimensional substructures manifest themselves, ad infinitum, as the number of cells (I + 1) → ∞. In addition to a complete gallery of time-1 characteristic functions for all 256 local rules, an accompanying table of explicit formulas is given for generating these characteristic functions directly from binary bit-strings, as in a digital-to-analog converter. To illustrate the potential applications of these fundamental formulas, we prove rigorously that the "right-copycat" local rule [Formula: see text] is equivalent globally to the classic "left-shift" Bernoulli map. Similarly, we prove the "left-copycat" local rule [Formula: see text] is equivalent globally to the "right-shift" inverse Bernoulli map. Various geometrical and analytical properties have been identified from each characteristic function and explained rigorously. In particular, two-level stratified subpatterns found in most characteristic functions are shown to emerge if, and only if, b1 ≠ 0, where b1 is the "synaptic coefficient" associated with the cell differential equation developed in Part I. Gardens of Eden are derived from the decimal range of the characteristic function of each local rule and tabulated. Each of these binary strings has no predecessors (pre-image) and has therefore no past, but only the present and the future. Even more fascinating, many local rules are endowed with binary configurations which not only have no predecessors, but are also fixed points of the characteristic functions. To dramatize that such points have no past, and no future, they are henceforth christened "Isles of Eden". They too have been identified and tabulated.

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INAZUMI, Tadahiro, Masanori NAKANO, and Shunji KASAMA. "Structural Characteristic and Formation Rule of Iron Ore Sinter." Shigen-to-Sozai 111, no. 12 (1995): 821–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2473/shigentosozai.111.821.

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Han, Qi, Xiaofeng Liao, and Chuandong Li. "Complex Dynamic Behaviors in Cellular Automata Rule 14." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2012 (2012): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/258309.

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Wolfram divided the 256 elementary cellular automata rules informally into four classes using dynamical concepts like periodicity, stability, and chaos. Rule 14, which is Bernoulliστ-shift rule and is a member of Wolfram’s class II, is said to be simple as periodic before. Therefore, it is worthwhile studying dynamical behaviors of rule 14, whether it possesses chaotic attractors or not. In this paper, the complex dynamical behaviors of rule 14 of one-dimensional cellular automata are investigated from the viewpoint of symbolic dynamics. We find that rule 14 is chaotic in the sense of both Li-Yorke and Devaney on its attractor. Then, we prove that there exist fixed points in rule 14. Finally, we use diagrams to explain the attractor of rule 14, where characteristic function is used to describe that all points fall into Bernoulli-shift map after two iterations under rule 14.

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Chiao, Vincent. "HYPERLEXIS AND THE RULE OF LAW." Legal Theory 27, no. 2 (June 2021): 126–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352325221000094.

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AbstractOn a popular understanding, the rule of law is valuable because it enables people to plan their lives. However, planning conceptions of the rule of law are undermined by the sheer quantity of legal rules, regulations, and policies characteristic of modern administrative states. Under conditions of hyperlexis, people cannot reasonably be expected to reliably use the law as a guide to conduct. Rather than conclude that the rule of law is inimical to the administrative state, however, I defend an alternative conception of the rule of law. On what I term a contestatory conception, the rule of law requires an adequate opportunity to challenge decisions made by officials in the exercise of their legal powers. The animating idea of a contestatory conception of the rule of the law is that officials should relate to citizens in the space of reasons rather than merely through the exercise of power.

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CHEN, SHYI-MING, YU-CHUAN CHANG, ZE-JIN CHEN, and CHIA-LING CHEN. "MULTIPLE FUZZY RULES INTERPOLATION WITH WEIGHTED ANTECEDENT VARIABLES IN SPARSE FUZZY RULE-BASED SYSTEMS." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 27, no. 05 (August 2013): 1359002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001413590027.

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This paper presents a new method for multiple fuzzy rules interpolation with weighted antecedent variables in sparse fuzzy rule-based systems based on polygonal membership functions. First, the proposed method calculates the normalized weighting vector of each closest fuzzy rule. Then, it calculates the composite weight of each closest fuzzy rule. Then, it calculates the left normal point [Formula: see text] and the right normal point [Formula: see text] of the fuzzy interpolative reasoning result [Formula: see text], respectively. Finally, it calculates the characteristic points [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] of the fuzzy interpolative reasoning result B*, respectively. The experimental results show that the proposed method can generate more reasonable fuzzy interpolative reasoning results than the existing methods for sparse fuzzy rule-based systems. The proposed method can overcome the drawbacks of Chang etal.'s method (IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst.16(5) (2008) 1285–1301), Chen and Ko's method (IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst.16(6) (2008) 1626–1648) and Huang and Shen's method (IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst.14(2) (2006) 340–359) for multiple fuzzy rules interpolation. It provides us with a useful way for dealing with multiple fuzzy rules interpolation in sparse fuzzy rule-based systems.

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Zhu, Tian Xiang, Dan Zhang, Xin Liu, and Guang Kun Ma. "Discovery Algorithm of Classification Characteristic Rule Based on Cloud Database." Applied Mechanics and Materials 321-324 (June 2013): 2514–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.321-324.2514.

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Massive data stored in a cloud database, in which lots of potential and valuable knowledge exist. In this paper, the data model of the cloud database is analyzed. Through analyzing, classifying, the common features of the data are extracted and form a feature data set, from which the new knowledge can be found. In the paper, the basic model based on the classification characteristic rules of the cloud database is defined, and the discovery algorithm of the classification characteristic rules is presented.

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Hampton, James A. "Rules and similarity – a false dichotomy." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 28, no. 1 (February 2005): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x05350011.

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Unless restricted to explicitly held, sharable beliefs that control and justify a person's behavior, the notion of a rule has little value as an explanatory concept. Similarity-based processing is a general characteristic of the mind-world interface where internal processes (including explicitly represented rules) act on the external world. The distinction between rules and similarity is therefore misconceived.

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Hu, Yan, Zhong Zheng, and Jian Yang. "Application of Data Mining in BOF Steelmaking Endpoint Control." Advanced Materials Research 402 (November 2011): 96–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.402.96.

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In this work, data mining was applied into in BOF steelmaking endpoint control. Through the characteristic analysis of key factors, the data sheet to control end point was formed. Potential knowledge was explored from the data sheet using association rule mining algorithm, then expert rule are achieved automatically. The results show that through the combination of the effective expert rules and traditional BOF endpoint model, carbon content and temperature were predicted with high accuracy. Therefore it can be a new research method to improve BOF automation.

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Hu, Shi Li, Chun Yan Sun, Ping Long, and Guan Shi Wang. "Study on Formation Rule of Seismic Wavelet in Kelvin Medium." Advanced Materials Research 711 (June 2013): 312–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.711.312.

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Seismic wavelet plays an important role in the processing and interpretation of seismic data. And wavelet is also the premise of forward modeling and inversion of seismic wave. So it is important to study the formation process and formation rule of seismic wavelet. The viscoelastic properties of geologic body can be represented using Kelvin medium. The formation rule of seismic wavelet was analyzed using the mathematical model of propagation process of rectangle pulse in Kelvin medium. The experimental results have shown that characteristic frequency and band width were major frequency spectrum parameters causing the variation of waveform. The characteristic frequency and band width decreased with the increase of propagation distance. The characteristic frequency decreased in negative exponential law and became stable finally. The change of characteristic frequency and band width was related to the mechanical parameters of medium. With the increase of propagation distance, characteristic frequency decreased more slowly as elastic modulus increased than as viscous coefficient increased. The correlation coefficient increased with the increase of propagation distance, i.e., waveform became stable at last. Ratio of stability distance to characteristic wave length increased with the increase of elastic modulus and the decrease of viscous coefficient, then tended to become stable.

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Pei, Yangjun, Qi Han, Chao Liu, Dedong Tang, and Junjian Huang. "Chaotic Behaviors of Symbolic Dynamics about Rule 58 in Cellular Automata." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/834268.

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The complex dynamical behaviors of rule 58 in cellular automata are investigated from the viewpoint of symbolic dynamics. The rule is Bernoulliστ-shift rule, which is members of Wolfram’s class II, and it was said to be simple as periodic before. It is worthwhile to study dynamical behaviors of rule 58 and whether it possesses chaotic attractors or not. It is shown that there exist two Bernoulli-measure attractors of rule 58. The dynamical properties of topological entropy and topological mixing of rule 58 are exploited on these two subsystems. According to corresponding strongly connected graph of transition matrices of determinative block systems, we divide determinative block systems into two subsets. In addition, it is shown that rule 58 possesses rich and complicated dynamical behaviors in the space of bi-infinite sequences. Furthermore, we prove that four rules of global equivalence classε43of CA are topologically conjugate. We use diagrams to explain the attractors of rule 58, where characteristic function is used to describe that some points fall into Bernoulli-shift map after several times iterations, and we find that these attractors are not global attractors. The Lameray diagram is used to show clearly the iterative process of an attractor.

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Lam, Vitus S. W. "A Framework-Driven Comparison of Automata-Based Tools for Identifying Business Rule Conflicts." International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering 29, no. 03 (March 2019): 433–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218194019500190.

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Drawing on business rules for constructing business process models by a constraint-driven methodology is a distinct characteristic of declarative process modeling. Given the intricacies of business rules, there is a pragmatic need to conduct conflict-free assessments for business rules in an automatic manner. In this paper, business rules are stated in terms of restricted English by harnessing a group of predefined business rule templates. With linear temporal logic that serves as a semantic foundation for the business rule templates, a pair of business rules represented as a linear temporal logic specification is translated into an associated Büchi automaton via LTL2BA, LTL3BA and ltl2tgba. A Büchi automaton that accepts the empty language signifies that the two business rules are in conflict with each other. The suitability of the formal framework and the three automated tools is evaluated by an industry-level case study.

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Brijs, Tom, Koen Vanhoof, and Geert Wets. "Reducing redundancy in characteristic rule discovery by using integer programming techniques." Intelligent Data Analysis 4, no. 3-4 (July 1, 2000): 229–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ida-2000-43-405.

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Liu, Zi Jian, Mei Hong, and Di Long Zhang. "The Rule of Migration and Transformation of Naphthalene in Groundwater." Advanced Materials Research 621 (December 2012): 263–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.621.263.

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Naphthalene was used as a characteristic kind of organic pollutant in migrating-and--transforming process in groundwater. Added gravel sand and fine sand which are commonly found in the underground environment in two simulated columns, analyze its migration and transformation consequence by simulating adsorption characteristics experiment. The results show that, Freundlich isotherm adsorption equation can better describe the outcome of adsorption process for naphthalene, the KF are 0.9954 and 1.0481. Fine sand for naphthalene adsorption effect is stronger according to this experiment, and the quantity is 0.029 mg•kg-1. In the migrate process of naphthalene, fine sand has an obvious retarding effect, the factor Rd=41.43.

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Ricoeur, Paul. "The Golden Rule: Exegetical and Theological Perplexities." New Testament Studies 36, no. 3 (July 1990): 392–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0028688500015812.

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The problem which I offer for your discussion may be raised in the following terms: if one assumes that the Golden Rule constitutes the basic moral rule about which the wisest may agree, what happens to this rule when it is put within a religious perspective, more precisely, within the perspective delineated by the symbolic network characteristic of the Jewish-Christian scriptures?

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Duan, Hui Fen, Feng Sun, and Chang Xin Xue. "Quality Analysis Method of Tracking Information in Aerospace Flight Mission." Applied Mechanics and Materials 433-435 (October 2013): 1821–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.433-435.1821.

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In the aerospace experimental task,rule based information quality analysis method is very useful not only to immediately discover the problem in information gathering,transporting and processing,but also to precisely evaluate the accomplish situation. Based on the data analyzing model and characteristic of the aerospace experimental tracking and control information ,the method constructed an information quality analysis rule framework that make real-time information quality analysis a reality by combining the rules in different manner on demand. As a result, the aerospace experiment tracking and control information can be dynamically monitored, and the abnormal data can be captured instantly to help estimating the system malfunction.

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Zhou, Jingyuan. "A New Multilateralism? A Case Study of the Belt and Road Initiative." Chinese Journal of Comparative Law 8, no. 2 (August 30, 2020): 384–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cjcl/cxaa022.

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Abstract The first five years (the first stage) of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) have drawn international attention and provoked scepticism and debate. This article explores questions about the nature of the BRI and its impact on multilateralism, which is increasingly fragile and under attack. After summarizing past practices employed in BRI investments, it analyses the characteristics of the BRI and assesses the results and implications. This article studies in depth one of the two primary BRI economic activities—special economic zones. The article introduces and compares the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank and Chinese domestic banks in their respective financing practices and compares state-owned enterprises and privately owned enterprises in BRI practices. The article observes three characteristics from past BRI practices and analyzes their respective implications on the transformation of international trade governance. The first characteristic is the unconventional ‘infrastructure development first, institution next’ approach. The second is the plurilateral- and multilateral-focused method in international rule-setting processes. The third characteristic is innovation in the dispute settlement mechanism. Through a cautious examination, the article argues that experiences gained from BRI inform China’s international rule-making efforts and further its domestic trade liberalization reform agenda, which will likely contribute to the convergence of rule-making in international trade.

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Shan, TingTing, and WeiDong Huang. "Treating Measurement Errors in the Run Rule Schemes Integrated with Shewhart X ¯ Chart." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (August 3, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8405059.

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In modern quality control applications, there often exist significant measurement errors because observations are measured quickly in time order. As a result, the errors influence the power of a control chart to detect a given change in the process parameter(s) of a quality characteristic. In this paper, by using a covariate error model, the properties of the Shewhart X ¯ chart integrated with run rules are investigated when errors exist in the measurement of quality characteristic. Two metrics, the average run length and 95% quantile of the run length, are adopted to evaluate the chart’s performance for different mean shifts and sample sizes. Numerous simulations are conducted, and the results indicate that the errors in the measurement significantly affect the performance of the run rule X ¯ chart, especially when the errors are large. To reduce this negative effect on the run rule X ¯ chart, measuring more times of each item in each subgroup and increasing the coefficient in the covariate error model are shown to be good choices for practitioners.

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ALUFFI, PAOLO, and MATILDE MARCOLLI. "ALGEBRO-GEOMETRIC FEYNMAN RULES." International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics 08, no. 01 (February 2011): 203–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219887811005099.

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We give a general procedure to construct "algebro-geometric Feynman rules", that is, characters of the Connes–Kreimer Hopf algebra of Feynman graphs that factor through a Grothendieck ring of immersed conical varieties, via the class of the complement of the affine graph hypersurface. In particular, this maps to the usual Grothendieck ring of varieties, defining "motivic Feynman rules". We also construct an algebro-geometric Feynman rule with values in a polynomial ring, which does not factor through the usual Grothendieck ring, and which is defined in terms of characteristic classes of singular varieties. This invariant recovers, as a special value, the Euler characteristic of the projective graph hypersurface complement. The main result underlying the construction of this invariant is a formula for the characteristic classes of the join of two projective varieties. We discuss the BPHZ renormalization procedure in this algebro-geometric context and some motivic zeta functions arising from the partition functions associated to motivic Feynman rules.

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Yao, Ping, Kang Zhou, Hongyan Lin, Zihui Xu, and Songchen Yue. "Exploration of Weld Bead Forming Rule during Double-Pulsed GMAW Process Based on Grey Relational Analysis." Materials 12, no. 22 (November 7, 2019): 3662. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12223662.

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Weld bead forming rule is very important during double-pulsed gas metal arc welding (DP-GMAW) process, and this process has more advantages than that of conventional arc welding process. This work employed grey rational analysis to explore the weld bead forming rule. Since the latest twinpulse XT DP control process was employed, the parameters adjustment was easier than that of conventional operation. The grey relational analyses between five main process parameters, which were average welding current, welding speed, twin pulse relation, twin pulse frequency together with twin pulse current change in percent, and three key characteristic parameters, which were bead width, bead height and penetration, were conducted to explore the weld bead forming rule. To accurately calculate the grey relational degree, the negative relevancies were transformed to positive ones. According to calculations and corresponding analyses, it can be concluded that the effects of average welding current and welding speed on the weld bead forming and key characteristic parameters of the weld bead were higher than that of other process parameters. Moreover, the relevancies between key characteristic parameters of the weld bead, and process parameters which included twin pulse relation, average welding current and twin pulse current change in percent were positive, while the relevancies between key characteristic parameters and other two process parameters were negative. The work can supply a new method to evaluate the effects of process parameters during the DP-GMAW process on the weld bead forming or other process characteristics, and references for parameters selection and process optimization.

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Wang, Lin Ge, Hai Tao Zhou, and Yi Zhe Zhou. "The Spectrum Characteristic Analysis on Double-Layer Kewitte Latticed Shell." Advanced Materials Research 197-198 (February 2011): 682–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.197-198.682.

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This paper demonstrates the natural frequency varying rule with differently critical design parameters for the free vibration characteristics and change features of structural response with different geometric parameters under the simple harmonic excitation.

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Ma, Wei, Fei Ma, and Rong Guo. "Experimental research on the dynamic instability characteristic of a pressure relief valve." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 11, no. 3 (March 2019): 168781401983353. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814019833531.

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This article presents detailed experimental results of the influencing factors of flow rate, set pressure, and inlet pipe length of a pressure relief valve. In order to analyze the influence of different flow rates on the instability characteristics of pressure relief valve, the multi-stage output of pump flow is realized. In terms of modeling, we investigated the theory concerning instability in the system: the 3% rule boundary. Data analyses on typical stable, cycling, and chatter instability conditions are conducted. The stable boundaries of the 3% rule and the quarter-wave model are drawn, which are consistent with the experimental results.

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Pang, Sung-Jun, Jung-Kwon Oh, Chun-Young Park, Joo-Saeng Park, Mun-Jae Park, and Jun-Jae Lee. "Characteristic Evaluation of Bending Strength Distributions on Revised Korean Visual Grading Rule." Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology 39, no. 1 (January 25, 2011): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5658/wood.2011.39.1.1.

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Kim, Jae-Gyeom. "CHARACTERISTIC MATRICES OF CELLULAR AUTOMATA WITH RULE 60 AND INTERMEDIATE BOUNDARY CONDITION." Journal of the Chungcheong Mathematical Society 28, no. 4 (November 15, 2015): 545–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.14403/jcms.2015.28.4.545.

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Schab, K. R., and J. T. Bernhard. "A Group Theory Rule for Predicting Eigenvalue Crossings in Characteristic Mode Analyses." IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 16 (2017): 944–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lawp.2016.2615041.

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Xue, Yiguo, Binghua Zhou, Shucai Li, Daohong Qiu, Kai Zhang, and Huimin Gong. "Deformation rule and mechanical characteristic analysis of subsea tunnel crossing weathered trough." Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 114 (August 2021): 103989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2021.103989.

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Kettnerová, Václava, and Markéta Lopatková. "Reciprocity in Czech Light Verb Constructions: The Dependency Perspective." Journal of Linguistics/Jazykovedný casopis 71, no. 1 (June 1, 2020): 41–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jazcas-2020-0011.

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Abstract In this paper, we draw attention to reciprocity in Czech light verb constructions – a language phenomenon, which has not been discussed yet. Reciprocity is contributed to light verb constructions by predictive nouns, as they are the nouns that represent the semantic core of these constructions. Here we focus on reciprocal light verb constructions derived by the syntactic operation of reciprocalization. We show that the complex mapping of semantic participants onto valency complementations, characteristic of reciprocalization, is reflected in reciprocal light verb constructions in the same way as in reciprocal nominal constructions. The main difference between reciprocal nominal constructions and reciprocal light verb constructions lies in the morphosyntactic expression of reciprocalized participants. We demonstrate that surface syntactic changes in reciprocal light verb constructions are regular enough to be described on the rule basis: the rule based generation of reciprocal light verb constructions requires a cooperation of two sets of rules – rules for deep and surface syntactic structure formation of light verb constructions and rules for capturing reciprocity.

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Yang, Yu Chun, Xiang Min Cheng, Guo Bin Zhao, Zhi Yong Qu, and Shu Wen Chen. "Study of Deformation Rule of Ordovician Limestone in Unloading of High Confining Compress." Applied Mechanics and Materials 488-489 (January 2014): 333–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.488-489.333.

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Under unloading condition, the characteristics of rock are different from them under loading condition. This paper talks about the characteristics of Ordovician limestone under loading and unloading condition of high compress which were taken from North Tian Mountain. The testing results indicated that: The lateral deformation and bulk deformation of rock sample are clearly in the process of unloading. Plastic deformation is not notability in the unloading condition. After the peak value in the stress-strain curve, the stress decrease quickly, it is showed that the brittleness characteristic is the better remarkable under unloading condition than loading condition. Under unloading condition, deformation modulus E50 and Possion ratio μ is quadric with the confining compress.

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Voorhees, Burton. "Multifractals Defined by Nonlinear Cellular Automata." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 08, no. 02 (February 1998): 259–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127498000164.

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It is known that the space-time output patterns of additive cellular automata may be scaled to yield fractals. In this paper, nonadditive cellular automata rules are grouped into equivalence classes, each class defined in terms of a characteristic nonadditive rule. This rule defines a multifractal uniquely associated to each class. It is shown that these multifractals can be generated by a form of matrix substitution system, called concatenation substitution. This allows easy computation of fractal dimensions. It is likely that the multifractal spectra for each class does not possess the usual inverted U shape. A conserved quantity is found to be associated with the concatenation substitution system, and is shown to play a role similar to Langton's λ-parameter.

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He, Guo Jing, and Lan Xie. "The Research of Dynamic Characteristic for Box-Girder Bridge with Corrugated Webs." Advanced Materials Research 639-640 (January 2013): 554–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.639-640.554.

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Dynamic performance of prestressed concrete bridge of box girder with corrugated steel webs has been researched in this paper. First, the analysis theory and methods were discussed. Then, the finite model on the background of Li- Jia River bridge is built to analyse the dynamic characteristics. On the basis of original model, the geometric parameters are changed to analyse the change rule of dynamic characteristic. Finally, the range of optimum parameters are abtained.

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Nembhard, D. A., K. K. Yip, and C. A. Stifter. "Association Rule Mining in Developmental Psychology." International Journal of Applied Industrial Engineering 1, no. 1 (January 2012): 23–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijaie.2012010103.

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Developmental psychology is the scientific study of progressive psychological changes that occur in human beings as they age. Some of the current methodologies used in this field to study developmental processes include Yule’s Q, state space grids, time series analysis, and lag analysis. The data collected in this field are often time-series-type data. Applying association rule mining in developmental psychology is a new concept that may have a number of potential benefits. In this paper, two sets of infant-mother interaction data sets are examined using association rule mining. Previous analyses of these data used conventional statistical techniques. However, they failed to capture the dynamic interactions between the infant-mother pair as well as other issues relating to the temporal characteristic of the data. Three approaches are proposed in this paper as candidate means of addressing some of the questions that remain from previous studies. The approaches used can be applied to association rule mining to extend its application to data sets in related fields.

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Fan, Jin He, Hui Li, and Hai Hong Fan. "Research on the Coarse Particles Velocity Characteristic in Fluidized Bed." Applied Mechanics and Materials 275-277 (January 2013): 635–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.275-277.635.

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In order to understand the particle velocity distribution characteristics of the 2D bubbling fluidized bed. The paper study that several mainly factors (static bed height, particle size and gas speed) influence on velocity distribution of the outer particles by experiment. The results for particles around bubble show that: ①Under the condition of the same static bed height and particle size, the particle velocity increases with the gas speed; the particle velocity increase at the axial direction and has no rule at radial direction. ②On the basis of the same wind speed and particle size, the particle velocity reduce with the static bed height; the particle velocity decreases at the axial direction and has no regular at radial direction. ③At the same wind speed and static bed height, the particle velocity is gradual reducing with the particle size; the particle velocity also reduce at the axial direction and has no rule at radial direction.

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Dooley, K. J., and S. G. Kapoor. "An Enhanced Quality Evaluation System for Continuous Manufacturing Processes, Part 1: Theory." Journal of Engineering for Industry 112, no. 1 (February 1, 1990): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2899295.

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A quality evaluation system is presented which gives enhanced information about the nature of quality changes in continuous manufacturing processes. The system monitors a quality characteristic of the process via stochastic time series models and detects shifts in the process mean, variance, and dynamic parameters. A rule base classifies the type of change that occurred, and change magnitude and time of occurrence are estimated. Part 1 of the work addresses the theoretical issues concerning the statistics used by the rule base and their behavior under various process changes. The characteristics of the cusum chart, autocorrelation chart, and Chi-Square test are derived with respect to each of the possible change mechanisms.

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Luke, Timothy W. "Unbundling the State: Iraq and the ‘Recontainerization’ of Rule, Production, and Identity." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 39, no. 7 (July 2007): 1564–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a38185.

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This analysis investigates the ‘recontainerization’ of state power, asking how the forms of ruling authority are being eclipsed around the world by ‘denationalization’, ‘detraditionalization’, or ‘destatalization’. The government of The Coalition Provisional Authority in Iraq is an excellent case study in the recontainerizing rule, production, and identity on a different political scale and pace than that characteristic of many nation-states. This odd transitional regime points toward some of the material underpinnings and mobile resistances that one finds in the recontainerization of rule in today's networks of globalist governance. It explores how various unbundled nonstatal organizations and postnational identities work through markets and multinational military interventions to displace the authority of current state structures in determining who rules whom, what is produced where, and how identities are maintained.

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Thompson, Keith. "The rule of law, arbitrariness and institutional virtue." Alternative Law Journal 44, no. 2 (February 8, 2019): 159–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1037969x19829850.

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This article summarises Professor Martin Krygier's work on the rule of law and his view that arbitrariness is its core and is under-theorised. From ancient philosophy, the author suggests that our rule of law settlement feels tentative because arbitrariness is a human characteristic that cannot be completely fixed with institutional checks and balances. The author observes that a variety of rule of law virtues are already expected of judicial decision-makers and suggests that these institutional virtues should be transferred into the administrative, executive and corporate decision-making space to advance the rule of law project.

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MARASHI, S. EMAD, JOHN P. DAVIS, and JIM W. HALL. "COMBINATION METHODS AND CONFLICT HANDLING IN EVIDENTIAL THEORIES." International Journal of Uncertainty, Fuzziness and Knowledge-Based Systems 16, no. 03 (June 2008): 337–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218488508005315.

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Evidence theory has been acknowledged as an important approach to dealing with uncertain, incomplete and imperfect information. In this framework, different formal techniques have been developed in order to address information aggregation and conflict handling. The variety of proposed models clearly demonstrates the range of possible underlying assumptions in combination rules. In this paper we present a review of some of the most important methods of combination and conflict handling in order to introduce a more generic rule for aggregation of uncertain evidence. We claim that the models based on mass multiplication can address the problem domains where randomness and stochastic independence is the dominant characteristic of information sources, although these assumptions are not always adhered to many practical cases. The proposed combination rule here is not only capable of retrieving other classical models, but also enables us to define new families of aggregation rules with more flexibility on dependency and normalization assumptions.

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Brooms, A. C. "On the Nash equilibria for the FCFS queueing system with load-increasing service rate." Advances in Applied Probability 37, no. 02 (June 2005): 461–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001867800000264.

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We consider a service system (QS) that operates according to the first-come-first-served (FCFS) discipline, and in which the service rate is an increasing function of the queue length. Customers arrive sequentially at the system, and decide whether or not to join using decision rules based upon the queue length on arrival. Each customer is interested in selecting a rule that meets a certain optimality criterion with regard to their expected sojourn time in the system; as a consequence, the decision rules of other customers must be taken into account. Within a particular class of decision rules for an associated infinite-player game, the structure of the Nash equilibrium routeing policies is characterized. We prove that, within this class, there exist a finite number of Nash equilibria, and that at least one of these is nonrandomized. Finally, with the aid of simulation experiments, we explore the extent to which the Nash equilibria are characteristic of customer joining behaviour under a learning rule based on system-wide data.

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Brooms, A. C. "On the Nash equilibria for the FCFS queueing system with load-increasing service rate." Advances in Applied Probability 37, no. 2 (June 2005): 461–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1239/aap/1118858634.

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We consider a service system (QS) that operates according to the first-come-first-served (FCFS) discipline, and in which the service rate is an increasing function of the queue length. Customers arrive sequentially at the system, and decide whether or not to join using decision rules based upon the queue length on arrival. Each customer is interested in selecting a rule that meets a certain optimality criterion with regard to their expected sojourn time in the system; as a consequence, the decision rules of other customers must be taken into account. Within a particular class of decision rules for an associated infinite-player game, the structure of the Nash equilibrium routeing policies is characterized. We prove that, within this class, there exist a finite number of Nash equilibria, and that at least one of these is nonrandomized. Finally, with the aid of simulation experiments, we explore the extent to which the Nash equilibria are characteristic of customer joining behaviour under a learning rule based on system-wide data.

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CHUA, LEON O., GIOVANNI E. PAZIENZA, and JINWOOK SHIN. "A NONLINEAR DYNAMICS PERSPECTIVE OF WOLFRAM'S NEW KIND OF SCIENCE PART XI: PERIOD-2 RULES." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 19, no. 06 (June 2009): 1751–930. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127409023974.

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The 11th part of our tour through one-dimensional binary Cellular Automata concerns period-2 rules, which form the second group in our classification of the 88 globally-independent CA rules according to the properties of their periodic orbits. In this article, we display the basin tree diagrams of all period-2 rules along with their time-2 characteristic functions, and then we prove that all rules belonging to group 2 have robust period-2 ω-limit orbits for any finite, and infinite, bit string length. This rigorous result, which pairs with the one about period-1 rules given in the tenth installment of our chronicle, confirms what we stated about period-2 rules on the basis of empirical evidence. In the second part of this tutorial, we introduce the notion of quasi global-equivalence and prove that there are only 82 quasi globally-independent CA rules. For the first time, we show that the space-time patterns of globally-independent local rules can depend on each other, and we present an example of quasi-global transformation. We also define the super string 𝄞, and its unique decimal representation x𝄞, dubbed the super decimal, which provides a completely transparent yet rigorous proof that rule [Formula: see text] is chaotic when L → ∞. Moreover, we present the basin tree generation formulas, which uncover the analytical relationships between basin trees of globally-equivalent rules. Last but not least, for pedagogical and epistemological reasons, we conclude this paper with the selection of rule[Formula: see text], instead of rule [Formula: see text], as the prototypic universal Turing machine for our future discourse.

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Maksymenko, V. M. "CONCEPT AND LEGAL CHARACTERISTIC OF THE OBJECTS OF RULE-MAKING BUDGETARY LEGAL RELATIONS." Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law 58, no. 2 (2019): 46–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.32782/2307-3322.58-2.9.

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Suzuki, Ryo, Kazunari Tanaka, Norio Fujiwara, and Shinji Kurimoto. "Outcome of Preoperative Against-the-Rule Astigmatism after Phacoemulsification: Characteristic Changes over Time." Ophthalmologica 204, no. 4 (1992): 184–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000310292.

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Paul, Razan, Tudor Groza, Jane Hunter, and Andreas Zankl. "Inferring characteristic phenotypes via class association rule mining in the bone dysplasia domain." Journal of Biomedical Informatics 48 (April 2014): 73–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbi.2013.12.001.

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Rabuñal, Juan R., Julián Dorado, Alejandro Pazos, Javier Pereira, and Daniel Rivero. "A New Approach to the Extraction of ANN Rules and to Their Generalization Capacity Through GP." Neural Computation 16, no. 7 (July 1, 2004): 1483–523. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/089976604323057461.

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Various techniques for the extraction of ANN rules have been used, but most of them have focused on certain types of networks and their training. There are very few methods that deal with ANN rule extraction as systems that are independent of their architecture, training, and internal distribution of weights, connections, and activation functions. This article proposes a methodology for the extraction of ANN rules, regardless of their architecture, and based on genetic programming. The strategy is based on the previous algorithm and aims at achieving the generalization capacity that is characteristic of ANNs by means of symbolic rules that are understandable to human beings.

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Mesa, A., M. Fernandez, W. Wu, G. Narasimhan, EL Greidinger, and D. K. Mills. "Can SLE classification rules be effectively applied to diagnose unclear SLE cases?" Lupus 26, no. 2 (July 11, 2016): 150–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0961203316655212.

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Objective The objective of this paper is to develop novel classification criteria to distinguish between unclear systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) cases. Methods A total of 205 variables from 111 SLE and 55 MCTD patients were evaluated to uncover unique molecular and clinical markers for each disease. Binomial logistic regressions (BLRs) were performed on currently used SLE and MCTD classification criteria sets to obtain six reduced models with power to discriminate between unclear SLE and MCTD patients that were confirmed by receiving operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Decision trees were employed to delineate novel classification rules to discriminate between unclear SLE and MCTD patients. Results SLE and MCTD patients exhibited contrasting molecular markers and clinical manifestations. Furthermore, reduced models highlighted SLE patients exhibiting prevalence of skin rashes and renal disease while MCTD cases show dominance of myositis and muscle weakness. Additionally decision tree analyses revealed a novel classification rule tailored to differentiate unclear SLE and MCTD patients (Lu-vs-M) with an overall accuracy of 88%. Conclusions Validation of our novel proposed classification rule (Lu-vs-M) includes novel contrasting characteristics (calcinosis, CPK elevated and anti-IgM reactivity for U1-70K, U1A and U1C) between SLE and MCTD patients and showed a 33% improvement in distinguishing these disorders when compared to currently used classification criteria sets. Pending additional validation, our novel classification rule is a promising method to distinguish between patients with unclear SLE and MCTD diagnosis.

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Saudargiene, Ausra, Bernd Porr, and Florentin Wörgötter. "How the Shape of Pre- and Postsynaptic Signals Can Influence STDP: A Biophysical Model." Neural Computation 16, no. 3 (March 1, 2004): 595–625. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/089976604772744929.

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Spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) is described by long-term potentiation (LTP), when a presynaptic event precedes a postsynaptic event, and by long-term depression (LTD), when the temporal order is reversed. In this article, we present a biophysical model of STDP based on a differential Hebbian learning rule (ISO learning). This rule correlates presynaptically the NMDA channel conductance with the derivative of the membrane potential at the synapse as the postsynaptic signal. The model is able to reproduce the generic STDP weight change characteristic. We find that (1) The actual shape of the weight change curve strongly depends on the NMDA channel characteristics and on the shape of the membrane potential at the synapse. (2) The typical antisymmetrical STDP curve (LTD and LTP) can become similar to a standard Hebbian characteristic (LTP only) without having to change the learning rule. This occurs if the membrane depolarization has a shallow onset and is long lasting. (3) It is known that the membrane potential varies along the dendrite as a result of the active or passive backpropagation of somatic spikes or because of local dendritic processes. As a consequence, our model predicts that learning properties will be different at different locations on the dendritic tree. In conclusion, such site-specific synaptic plasticity would provide a neuron with powerful learning capabilities.

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Tarp-Johansen, Niels Jacob. "Partial Safety Factors and Characteristic Values for Combined Extreme Wind and Wave Load Effects." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 127, no. 2 (April 25, 2005): 242–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1862259.

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Background: The present paper regards the concerted action of wind and wave loads on offshore wind turbines in the extreme storm event. The load combination problem involves the definition of the characteristic loads and safety factors. In wind engineering and offshore engineering well established practices for the definition of characteristic values and safety factors for wind and wave loads separately exist. The aim is to investigate the possibility of making a simple merger of these existing practices into a possibly conservative design rule. Method of Approach: The paper applies a simplified probabilistic approach giving an understanding of how the merging can possibly be established and finally gives first guidance on the choice of characteristic values and safety factors. Results and conclusions: Under the assumptions made herein, it is made probable that a simple combination rule can be established.

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Odilovna, Alimova Nargizaxon. "Some Remarks On The Labor Protection Of Workers In The Silk Industry During The Years Of Soviet Rule." American Journal of Social Science and Education Innovations 02, no. 12 (December 31, 2020): 386–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajssei/volume02issue12-66.

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This article highlights and describes the characteristic features of the silk industry in the Soviet time. Based on the analysis of archival sources, it has been found that in the Soviet period, attention to the silk industry was increasing, but there was no proper labor protection in this branch.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Characteristic rule'

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