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Chukwuka, Ozuem Anthony. "Performance enhancement of integrated antennas using metamaterials and characteristic mode theory." Thesis, Lille 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL1I039.
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La demande de systèmes sans fil mobiles miniaturisés a accru le besoin d'intégrer des antennes électriquement petites qui se caractérisent généralement par de mauvaises performances et un faible rendement. Des approches telles que l'utilisation de diélectriques, de fentes, de composants parasites,… ont été appliquées au fil des années pour améliorer les performances de telles antennes. La plupart des méthodes existantes sont empiriques et basées sur des optimisations chronophages. D'autres approches comme l'optimisation du courant d'antenne basée sur l'analyse modale sont des approches systématiques qui ont été proposées. Il a également été montré que l'utilisation de matériaux artificiels appelés inclusions de métamatériaux comme élément parasite permet d'améliorer les performances de l'antenne à moindre coût. Cependant, le choix de la bonne inclusion pour une conception d'antenne est compliqué, en particulier lorsque l'antenne est non canonique et arbitraire.Dans cette thèse, nous proposons une méthode systématique pour améliorer les performances de l'antenne en utilisant l'inclusion de métamatériaux. La méthode est utilisée pour concevoir une antenne inspirée des métamatériaux avec le potentiel d'analyser à la fois les propriétés de rayonnement et de diffusion de la conception inspirée des métamatériaux. Il utilise l'approche modale caractéristique pour évaluer l'énergie quantitative stockée des inclusions de métamatériaux qui fournissent des informations quantitatives sur le comportement en champ proche de l'inclusion. L'approche modale de l'énergie stockée est comparée à l'approche des paramètres efficaces pour décrire les inclusions et elles montrent toutes deux une bonne concordance qualitative. Dans le processus de conception inspiré des métamatériaux, un mode caractéristique est appliqué pour obtenir un aperçu des propriétés de rayonnement de la structure et l'inclusion est choisie pour compenser l'énergie stockée de l'élément d'antenne en fonction de sa quantité d'énergie stockée modale. Le couplage entre l'antenne et l'inclusion est analysé en utilisant le coefficient de couplage intermodal. Il représente la diffusion entre l'antenne et l'inclusion et définit comment la distance de positionnement et de séparation entre les deux éléments affecte les performances globales du système inspiré des métamatériaux. La méthodologie proposée est validée avec un prototype qui montre une bonne concordance entre le résultat simulé et mesuré. La méthode proposée est en outre appliquée dans l'analyse de l'amélioration de l'antenne intégrée en utilisant le camouflage électromagnétique. Le manteau se couple à l'élément dans son voisinage et permet à l'élément d'antenne actif de fonctionner avec un meilleur rendement de rayonnement. La méthode proposée est donc diverse et utile pour la conception future de systèmes inspirés des métamatériaux avec des performances amélioréesThe demand for miniaturized mobile wireless systems have increased the need to integrate electrically small antennas which are generally characterized by poor performances and low efficiency. Methods such as the use of dielectric, slots, parasitic components, … have been applied over the years to enhance the performance of such antennas. However they are empirical and based on time-consuming optimisations. Other methods like antenna current optimization based on modal analysis are systematic methods which have been proposed. It has also been shown that the use of artificial materials known as metamaterial inclusions as parasitic element help to improve antenna performance at lower cost. The choice of the right inclusion for an antenna design is complicated especially when the antenna is non-canonical and arbitrary.In this thesis, we propose a systematic method for enhancing the performance of antenna using metamaterial inclusion as a parasitic element. The method is used for designing parasitic metamaterial antenna with the potential to analyse both the radiation and scattering properties of the parasitic metamaterial design. It uses the characteristic modal method to evaluate the quantitative stored energy of metamaterial inclusions which provide quantitative information on the near-field behaviour of the inclusion. The modal stored energy method is compared to the effective parameter method for describing inclusions and they both show good qualitative agreement. In the parasitic metamaterial antenna design process, characteristic mode is applied to get an insight into the radiation properties of the structure and an inclusion is chosen to compensate the stored energy of the antenna element based on the quantity of its modal stored energy. The coupling between the antenna and the inclusion is analysed using the inter-modal coupling co-efficient. It represents the scattering between the antenna and the inclusion and defines how the positioning and separation distance between the two elements affect the overall performance of the metamaterial-inspired system. The proposed methodology is validated with a prototype that show a good agreement between the simulated and measured result. The method is further applied in investigating the enhancement of integrated antenna using electromagnetic cloaking. The cloak couples to the passive element in its vicinity and allow the active antenna element to operate with a better radiation efficiency. The proposed method show usefulness for future design of parasitic metamaterial systems with enhanced performance
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Kari, Nadia. "Design methodology and modal analysis of electricallysmall antennas integrated in lossy dielectric media." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Gustave Eiffel, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UEFL2024.
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La demande de systèmes de communication sans fil et autonomes miniaturisés a augmenté grâce au large besoin de technologies sans fil pour la surveillance de la santé des infrastructures de nos villes, dans la marine ou dans le domaine biomédical... Cependant, les antennes miniaturisées sont généralement caractérisées par de faibles efficacités et de mauvaises performances et, avec la présence de milieux à pertes dans le voisinage, l'amélioration de leurs efficacités ne devient pas une tâche simple. Les méthodes développées pour améliorer les performances des antennes électriquement petites (ESA) se concentrent généralement sur l'un des paramètres clés de l'antenne puisqu'il existe un compromis entre la taille, la bande passante, l'adaptation d'impédance et l'efficacité de rayonnement. La plupart de ces méthodes nécessitent des essais et des erreurs et reposent sur la compréhension du mécanisme physique de l'ESA. De plus, elles sont limitées aux structures canoniques. D'autre part, il existe des méthodes basées sur l'évaluation de l'énergie nette stockée dans la région de champ proche. En minimisant cette énergie stockée, le facteur de qualité peut être augmenté et le mécanisme de rayonnement peut être amélioré. Ces méthodes sont principalement basées sur l'utilisation de l'analyse modale qui décompose la réponse du courant de surface en modes et extrait les valeurs propres et les vecteurs propres de chaque mode. Il a également été démontré que l'utilisation de matériaux artificiels connus sous le nom de métamatériaux peut jouer un rôle clé dans la compensation énergétique (énergie magnétique couplée à l'énergie électrique et vice versa). Elle pourrait améliorer l'efficacité, atténuant ainsi les effets de puissance. Jusqu'à présent, ces méthodes ont été proposées pour les ESAs rayonnant en espace libre.L'objectif de cette thèse est donc de proposer une méthode générale de conception, d'analyse et d'amélioration des ESAs rayonnant dans les pertes.l'analyse et l'amélioration des ESAs rayonnant dans des milieux à pertes. Ce travail est basé sur l'évaluation de la méthode de l'énergie nette stockée et l'utilisation de la méthode de l'énergie nette stockée.d'énergie stockée et l'utilisation des métamatériaux pour atténuer les effets des pertes.Les méthodes modales sont également étudiées grâce à leurs métriques utiles et puissantes pour analyser la réponse électromagnétique de la structure dans les régions de champ proche et lointain. La méthode d'expansion Eigen (EEM) est utilisée pour évaluer les différentes mesures telles que les modes propres, les courants propres et l'énergie nette stockée afin d'obtenir des informations complètes sur la réponse électromagnétique de l'antenne lorsqu'elle est placée dans un milieu à pertes. Le modèle de substrat multicouche est utilisé pour concevoir le milieu environnant et chaque couche possède les propriétés diélectriques qui correspondent aux corps hôtes tout en conservant la structure rayonnante 3D. L'utilisation du modèle de substrat multicouche permet d'éviter les problèmes de temps des méthodes 3D classiques. La méthode générique proposée s'avère utile pour la conception et l'analyse des systèmes de métamatériaux parasites afin d'améliorer les petites antennes électriques dans les milieux complexes et à pertesThe demand for miniaturized wireless and autonomous communication system has climbed thanks to the wide need of wireless technologies for the monitoring of infrastructures health of our cities, in marine or in the bio-medical field … However, miniaturized antennas are generally characterized by low efficiencies and poor performances and with the presence of lossy media in the vicinity, enhancing its efficiencies becomes not straightforward task. Methods developed to enhance the performance of electrically small antennas ESAs are generally focused on one of the antenna key parameters since there is a compromise trade-off between the size, bandwidth, impedance matching and radiation efficiency. Most of these methods require trial and error and rely on understanding the physical mechanism of the ESA. Moreover, they are limited to canonical structures. On the other hand, there are methods based on the evaluation of the net energy stored in the near field region. By minimizing this stored energy, the quality factor can be enhanced and the radiation mechanism can be improved. These methods are principally based on the use of modal analysis that decompose the surface current response into modes and to extract the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of each mode. It has also been shown that the use of the artificial materials known as metamaterials can play a key role in energy compensation (magnetic coupled to electrical energy and vice versa). It could enhance efficiency, thus mitigating power effects. To date, these methods have been proposed for ESAs radiating in free space.The aim of this thesis is therefore to propose a general method for designing, analyzing andimproving ESAs radiating into lossy media. This work is based on the evaluation of the netstored energy method and the use of the metamaterials for mitigating the effects of losses.Modal methods are also investigated thanks to their useful and powerful metrics for analyzing the electromagnetic response of the structure in the near and far-field regions. The Expansion Eigen Method EEM is used to evaluate the different metrics such as the eigenmodes, eigencurrents and net stored energy to have a full information about the electromagnetic response of the antenna when it is placed in lossy media. The multi-layer substrate model is used to design the surrounding environment and each layer has the dielectric properties that correspond to the host bodies while keeping the 3D radiating structure. The use of the multi-layer substrate model is to avoid the time consuming issue of classical 3D methods. The proposed generic method show usefulness for designing and analyzing of parasitic metamaterials systems to enhance electrically small antennas in complex and lossy media
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Cabedo, Fabrés Marta. "Systematic design of antennas using the theory of characteristic modes." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/1883.
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El principal objetivo de esta tesis es demostrar que la Teoría de los Modos Característicos puede ser empleada de forma sistemática para diseñar antenas de hilo y antena planas. La gran ventaja de los modos característicos, frente a otros métodos de diseño, es la clara visión física que proporcionan de los fenómenos que contribuyen a la radiación de la antena.
A través de numerosos ejemplos se demostrará como los modos característicos permiten comprender mejor el funcionamiento de una antena, de forma que el diseño de la misma se puede realizar de forma justificada y coherente. También se mostrará como la información proporcionada por los modos característicos puede ser aprovechada para seleccionar la forma más apropiada para el elemento radiante, al igual que para elegir una configuración de alimentación óptima que maximice el ancho de banda de impedancia.
La Teoría de los Modos Característicos fue inicialmente formulada por Garbacz en 1968, y posteriormente refinada por Harrington y Mautz en 1971. Tradicionalmente, los modos característicos han sido empleados para sintetizar formas de antena, y para controlar la difracción de objetos mediante carga reactiva. Sin embargo, en la actualidad, la Teoría de los Modos Característicos ha caído prácticamente en el olvido, a pesar de que permite obtener una solución modal para la corriente, que es de gran utilidad a la hora de analizar problemas de análisis, síntesis y optimización de antenas y difractores.
La Teoría de los Modos Característicos parte de la definición de un problema de autovalores que involucra la matriz de impedancia generalizada de la estructura, y que tras ser resuelto proporciona un conjunto de modos de corriente reales, que son los denominados modos característicos. Estos modos se corresponden con las resonancias naturales de la estructura y pueden ser obtenidos numéricamente para cuerpos conductores de forma arbitraria.
Por otra parte, los modos característicos forman un conjunto de funciones cerCabedo Fabrés, M. (2007). Systematic design of antennas using the theory of characteristic modes [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/1883
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Elghannai, Ezdeen Ahmed. "NOVEL METHOD TO CONTROL ANTENNA CURRENTS BASED ON THEORY OF CHARACTERISTIC MODES." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1471871173.
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Wright, Seth. "Competence, Warmth, And Expectations: An Integration Of Status Characteristics Theory And The Stereotype Content Model." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/556454.
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Over the last fifty years, researchers in Status Characteristics Theory (SCT) have conclusively demonstrated that within task groups, status differences between members influence the emergence of a power and prestige hierarchy within the group. According to the theory, this is accomplished through the activation of stereotypical expectations of group members' abilities. However, relatively little research has directly examined the cognitive process associated with expectation formation. During this same period, scholars within diverse subfields of psychology have suggested that there are two fundamental dimensions along which social judgments are made. These two dimensions have been referred to by various names, including instrumentality and expressivity, agency and communality, and competence and warmth. The most recent exploration of this idea can be found in the field of cognitive science as part of the Stereotype Content Model (SCM). The purpose of the current research is to integrate the basic propositions of SCT with the cognitive process outlined in SCM. In doing so, I hope to situate SCT within an expansive body of existing research, while suggesting a number of potentially useful directions for future research in SCT.
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Strojny, Brandan Thomas. "EXCITATION AND ANALYSIS OF CHARACTERISTIC MODES ON COMPLEX ANTENNA STRUCTURES." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1301006813.
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Liu, Duixian. "Some relationships between characteristic modes and Inagaki modes for use in scattering and radiation problems." Connect to resource, 1986. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1144430762.
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Obeidat, Khaled Ahmad. "Design Methodology for Wideband Electrically Small Antennas (ESA) Based on the Theory of Characteristic Modes (CM)." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1274730653.
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Buhr, Dianne C. "Variability in the estimation of item option characteristic curves for the multiple-category scoring model." Gainesville, FL, 1989. http://www.archive.org/details/variabilityinest00buhr.
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Rabah, Mhamad Hassanein. "Design methodology of antennas based on metamaterials and the theory of characteristic modes : application to cognitive radio." Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10141.
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C’est dans la course au débit que de nouveaux systèmes de communications sans fil sont proposés aujourd’hui afin de répondre à cette demande. Il n’existe pas de technologie ou de standard unique pour remplacer toutes les autres technologies radio tout en satisfaisant l’ensemble des besoins de services et d’usages. Les futurs systèmes de communications devront donc permettre l’interopérabilité entre les dif- férents standards au niveau européen et mondial. L’émergence des technologies de la radio intelligente constitue aujourd’hui une solution originale et prometteuse pour répondre à ce challenge. Cependant, le déploiement de ces systèmes soulève encore de nombreux défis techniques notamment au niveau des antennes. Ces dernières doivent en particulier être capables de modifier leurs réponses en fréquences ou bien avoir une très large bande tout en minimisant la déformation des formes d’ondes. Elles doivent répondre aux besoins de cohabitation multi-systèmes et de miniaturisation. Or la miniaturisation et la largeur de bande sont limités par des contraintes physiques et les caractéristiques des matériaux les constituant. Les métamatériaux, des composites électromagnétiques artificiels, peuvent permettre la conception d’éléments rayonnants pour la radio intelligente avec un plus grand degré de liberté et à moindre coût. Cependant l’analyse de l’association des métamatériaux à des antennes ou éléments rayonnants n’est pas aisé, surtout quand les antennes prennent une forme arbitraire. Pour adresser ces challenges les techniques classiques de conception d’antennes ne sont pas suffisantes. Pour cela, nous proposons dans ce travail une approche basée sur la conception modale utilisant la théorie des modes caractéristiques. Cette approche démontre un potentiel remarquable dans la conception des antennes électriquement petites ainsi les antennes basées/inspirées des métamatériaux. En outre, l’évaluation des performances d’antennes à formes arbitraires en fonction des paramètres géométriques à été démontré sans considération d’une excitation prédéfinie. Ceci offre un énorme avantage pour les techniques basées sur l’optimisation des formes d’antennes. Finalement, une antenne très large bande dédiée au sondage du spectre est présentée. L’approche modale a été utilisée afin de garantir un diagramme du rayonnement stable sur toute la bande de fréquence ainsi qu’une bonne efficacité dans le régime électriquement petit. Plusieurs validations expérimentales sont également présentéesThe rise of wireless communication systems and the big demand of high bit rate links have entailed researches to lie over new communications systems. With this diversity of wireless systems, flexibility for operating between different standards is strongly needed. Cognitive radio (CR) consist the future system that can offer this flexibility. The new features of CRs remains many challenges to their antennas. Miniaturization, isolation and bandwidth improvement, are all real needs and effective challenges. Especially when the geometry of the antenna become more complex in order to fit the terminal chassis. The use of metamaterials (MTM) has been introduced to overcome physics limitations in order to undertake these needs. The analysis of MTM in presence of radiating elements such antennas prove to be a challenge. In this thesis, an new approach to address these challenges is proposed. It is based on a modal concept using the theory of characteristic modes (TCM). It proves to be useful to analyse and design of electrically small antenna (ESA), metamaterial-inspired antennas and metamaterial-based antennas. Furthermore, the same approach is used to evaluate the antenna performances when surrounded by complex artificial materials by proposing closed formulas for the quality factor. This remains into a huge advantage in the antenna shape optimisation in the antenna industry. As a proof of concept, an extremely-wide-band antenna for underlay CR (sensing antenna) is developed using the proposed approach in order to have stable radiation pattern an high efficiency in the electrically small regime. An experimental validation of the performances of all the presented designs is also provided
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Perera, Simon. "Grothendieck rings of theories of modules." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/grothendieck-rings-of-theories-of-modules(897cbbd9-77b6-47fb-8cf8-d15c7432e61b).html.
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We consider right modules over a ring, as models of a first order theory. We explorethe definable sets and the definable bijections between them. We employ the notionsof Euler characteristic and Grothendieck ring for a first order structure, introduced byJ. Krajicek and T. Scanlon in [24]. The Grothendieck ring is an algebraic structurethat captures certain properties of a model and its category of definable sets.If M is a module over a product of rings A and B, then M has a decomposition into a direct sum of an A-module and a B-module. Theorem 3.5.1 states that then the Grothendieck ring of M is the tensor product of the Grothendieck rings of the summands.Theorem 4.3.1 states that the Grothendieck ring of every infinite module over afield or skew field is isomorphic to Z[X].Proposition 5.2.4 states that for an elementary extension of models of anytheory, the elementary embedding induces an embedding of the corresponding Grothendieck rings. Theorem 5.3.1 is that for an elementary embedding of modules, we have the stronger result that the embedding induces an isomorphism of Grothendieck rings.We define a model-theoretic Grothendieck ring of the category Mod-R and explorethe relationship between this ring and the Grothendieck rings of general right R-modules. The category of pp-imaginaries, shown by K. Burke in [7] to be equivalentto the subcategory of finitely presented functors in (mod-R; Ab), provides a functorial approach to studying the generators of theGrothendieck rings of R-modules. It is shown in Theorem 6.3.5 that whenever R andS are Morita equivalent rings, the rings Grothendieck rings of the module categories Mod-R and Mod-S are isomorphic.Combining results from previous chapters, we derive Theorem 7.2.1 saying that theGrothendieck ring of any module over a semisimple ring is isomorphic to a polynomialring Z[X1,...,Xn] for some n.
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Wyszynska, Ewelina, Christer Norbäck, and Henrik Pettersson. "Arbetsmotivation vid komplexa och icke-komplexa arbetsuppgifter." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för ekonomistyrning och logistik (ELO), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-35864.
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Syftet med denna uppsats var att fastställa om och hur arbetsuppgifternas komplexitetsgrad påverkar vad de anställda motiveras utav. Vidare undersöktes vilka preferenser de anställda med arbetsuppgifter av olika komplexitetsgrad hade gällande icke-monetära belöningar. Det studerades även till vilken grad cheferna var medvetna om deras anställdas preferenser. Utifrån det teoretiska perspektivet ska de anställda med komplexa arbetsuppgifter motiveras utav inre faktorer såsom beröm, utveckling och ökad självständighet. Anställda med icke-komplexa arbetsuppgifter ska då påverkas utav yttre faktorer som lön och spontana materiella belöningar. Studien genomfördes på två fallföretag med en population utav 60 anställda med icke-komplexa arbetsuppgifter samt 30 anställda med komplexa arbetsuppgifter med en svarsfrekvensen på 57%. Resultatet bekräftar att personer med komplexa arbetsuppgifter upplever inre motivation samt att personer med icke-komplexa arbetsuppgifter upplever yttre motivation. Det är snarare tillgången till en viss typ av motivation än själva arbetsuppgiftens komplexitetsgrad som avgör vad anställda motiveras av.The purpose of this thesis was to determine whether and how the level of complexity within work task affects what employees are motivated by. Moreover, was the purpose to investigate what preferences the employees with different level of complexity in their work task had regarding non-monetary rewards. The degree to which the executives were aware of their employees preferences regarding non-monetary rewards was also examined. Based on theoretical perspectives should the employees with complex work tasks be motivated by intrinsic factors such as praise, growth and increased autonomy. The employees with non-complex work task should be affected by extrinsic factors such as salary and spontaneous material rewards. The study was carried out on two case companies with a population of 60 employees with non-complex work tasks and 30 employees with complex work tasks with a response rate of 57%. The results of this study confirm that people with complex work tasks experience intrinsic motivation whereas those with non-complex work tasks experience extrinsic motivation. The result concludes that it is the access to a certain kind of motivation rather than the complexity of work task which determines what the employee is motivated by.
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Vaarala, Robert, and Johan Svernell. "Personlig motivation i agil projektledning : En fallstudie på Kambi Sports Solutions AB." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-202750.
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Syftet med studien är att undersöka huruvida det är mer eller mindre motiverande för anställda inom mjukvaruindustrin att jobba enligt agila utvecklingsmetoder än enligt traditionella utvecklingsmetoder. Undersökningen har gjorts med teoretisk utgångspunkt från motivationsskapande variabler ur de kontemporära motivationsteorierna Self Determination Theory samt Job Characteristic model. Som en ansats till att besvara frågeställningen har en kvalitativ fallstudie genomförts på företaget Kambi Sport Solutions AB. Kambi Sport Solutions AB har under de senaste åren genomfört en organisationsförändring där traditionella projektledningsmetoder ersatts av agila projektledningsmetoder. Studiens empiri visar med stöd ur motivationsteori att övergången till agila metoder signifikant påverkat individens motivation positivt. Framförallt som en följd av en högre grad av självbestämmande, kunskapsvariation, identitet i och betydelse av arbetsuppgiften, autonomi samt feedback.
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Brinster, Irina. "Multi-Objective Algorithms for Coupled Optimization of Mechanical and Electromagnetic Systems." Research Showcase @ CMU, 2014. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/528.
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Modern mobile devices incorporate several transmit and receive antennas in highly constrained volumes. As miniaturized antennas impinge upon fundamental physical limits on efficiency, new design approaches are required to support ever-smaller devices with more varied and robust communication performance. We take an unconventional design approach in which an arbitrary metallic structure and its components can be modified to act as efficient radiators. Using eigenmode analysis and the theory of characteristic modes (TCM), we develop algorithms that allow for effective integration of antennas with mechanical structures and enable structure reuse, helping meet stringent space and weight constraints without sacrificing electromagnetic performance. We derive TCM-based objectives for effective exploration of the design space in the electromagnetic (EM) domain. The procedure includes a feed placement technique that identifies viable excitation points on the structure without running full EM analysis. In addition to computational advantages, this provides a point of comparison among a variety of antenna shapes. Empirical evaluation shows that the estimates of radiated power from TCM can effectively guide optimization toward structures with improved radiating properties. Automated feed placement increases the proportion of good-quality designs among the explored candidates by consistently selecting the most promising feed positions. The ability of the TCM-based algorithm to direct the search is further validated on two real-world applications: integration of a GPS antenna with the frame of a mobile phone and integration of an S-band antenna with the frame of a small spacecraft. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that applies TCM to automated optimization of antennas. We investigate how to leverage domain-specific methods and solution representations in the coupled optimization of antennas. We develop a novel multiobjective optimization framework based on local search in each domain. In this procedure, the local optima in each objective are obtained and modified to create a new population of candidate designs. On a number of benchmark problems, the proposed technique is competitive with leading multi-objective algorithms: while it finds a less uniform distribution along the Pareto front, it shows better performance in locating solutions at the boundaries of the tradeoff curve. The local search algorithm is successfully applied to topology optimization of an antenna for a CubeSat, a small low-cost satellite platform.
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Bohlin, Jonathan, and Emelie Cheng. "Belöningssystem och generation Y i IT-branschen." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-243198.
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Denna studie syftar till att undersöka huruvida arbetsmotivationen skiljer sig mellan generation Y och tidigare generationer i den svenska IT-branschen. Studien vilar på en teoretisk grund bestående av tre välkända teorier inom arbetsmotivation; Herzbergs tvåfaktorteori, Self-Determination Theory samt Job Characteristics Model. För att kunna besvara studiens forskningsfråga ”Hur kan belöningssystem utformas för att ta hänsyn till fler anställda från generation Y i den svenska IT-branschen?” genomfördes en semistrukturerad intervju med en HR-chef samt en enkätundersökning bland anställda på IT-företaget Evry. Resultatet av studien visar att det finns vissa skillnader i arbetsmotivationen mellan generation Y och tidigare generationer vilket kan motivera till förändringar i hur man arbetar med belöningar när en allt större del av arbetskraften utgörs av generation Y. En viktig skillnad som framkom är att medarbetare från generation Y uppskattar feedback mer än äldre medarbetare, oavsett varifrån i organisationen feedbacken kommer ifrån. Studien fann även att monetära belöningar kan ha en stark negativ inverkan på arbetsmotivationen, men att de under vissa omständigheter kan vara positiva och ibland även nödvändiga. En slutsats blir att det ofta krävs en blandning av både monetära och icke-monetära för få fram det mest motiverande belöningssystemet.
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Silver, Lorraine P. "Characteristics associated with physical activity among college students : an application of social cognitive theory and the stages of change model /." The Ohio State University, 1998. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1392910755.
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Lake, Christopher J. "Respondent and Test Delivery Characteristics that Induce Item Unfolding." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1284597892.
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Sun, Qin. "An Analytical Model of the Determinants and Outcomes of Nation Branding." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2009. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc12204/.
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Nation as a brand represents the intangible assets of a country, encompassing various dimensions such as politics, economics, culture, history, and technology. However, much of extant work in nation branding has been limited to the empirical investigations of its positioning and implementation for specific countries, while other scholarly works in nation branding are conceptual. Various factors associated with nation branding are discussed in the literature, but there is no organizing mechanism to connect these factors to explore the dynamics underlying nation branding. To fill this gap, this dissertation attempts to identify the relevant factors underlying the deployment of nation branding, and to develop models to assess the association among these factors. Hunt and Morgan's resource advantage theory serves as the theoretical foundation of this dissertation's framework. After establishing panel data models that link the factors of building and developing the nation brand, the strategic implications of nation branding are discussed. Archival data were used for economic factors such as economic development, tourism, export, and inward foreign investment, and cultural, political, infrastructural, and geographical factors. The primary data were collected for qualitative factors perceived reputable brand and perceived reputable industry. The Anholt-GfK Roper's 2008 Nation Brands IndexSM was incorporated into the model as a moderating variable to test its impact on the relationship between the dependent variables and the independent variables. A total of 24 nations were analyzed to build and validate the models. This dissertation makes several contributions to the nation branding literature. First, it clarifies the definition of nation brand and nation branding. Second, it builds a predictive econometric model to connect the critical determinant and outcome factors of nation branding. Finally, it discusses nation branding strategies in terms of resource advantage theory and provides crucial insights on the development and management of a nation brand that can be used by researchers, marketing managers, and stakeholders of the nation brand to gain a better understanding of the dynamics of nation branding.
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Yegin, Oya Perim. "The Predictive Validity Of Baskent University Proficiency Exam (buepe) Through The Use Of The Three-parameter Irt Model&." Master's thesis, METU, 2003. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/1013507/index.pdf.
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The purpose of the present study is to investigate the predictive validity of the BUEPE through the use of the three-parameter IRT model’
s ability estimates. The study made use of the BUEPE September 2000 data which included the responses of 699 students. The predictive validity was established by using the departmental English courses (DEC) passing grades of a total number of 371 students. As for the prerequisite analysis the best fitted model of IRT was determined by first, checking the assumptions of IRT
second, by analyzing the invariance of ability parameters and item parameters and thirdly, by interpreting the chi-square statistics. After the prerequisite analyses, the best fitted model&
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s estimates were correlated with DEC passing grades to investigate the predictive power of BUEPE on DEC passing grades. The findings indicated that the minimal guessing assumption of the one- and two-parameter models was not met. In addition, the chi-square statistics indicated a better fit to the three-parameter model. Therefore, it was concluded that the best fitted model was the three-parameter model. The findings of the predictive validity analyses revealed that the best predictors for DEC passing grades were the three-parameter model ability estimates. The second best predictor was the ability estimates obtained from sixty high information items. In the third place BUEPE total scores and the total scores obtained from sixty high information items followed with nearly the same correlation coefficients. Among the three sub-tests, the reading sub-test was found to be the best predictor of DEC passing grades.
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He, Ling. "The perceived personal characteristics of entrepreneurial leaders." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2014. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1338.
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The concept of entrepreneurial leadership has attracted growing interest from leadership scholars but research is still in an early stage and empirical studies are rare. This thesis explores this new concept in an empirical study of the personal characteristics of entrepreneurial leaders (ELs). The study is underpinned by the “common characteristics” model in which ELs have characteristics of both entrepreneurs and leaders. Semi-structured interviews and a short questionnaire were used to explore business owners’ and corporate managers’ perceptions of the personal characteristics of ELs. Responses were summarised with thematic analysis and descriptive statistics.
The findings show participants perceived EL as a distinctive leadership style applicable to both small ventures and large organisations. ELs were differentiated from non-leader entrepreneurs in motivation and leadership capabilities, and integrity was considered particularly important in ELs as entrepreneurs were seen to have questionable ethics. ELs were differentiated from non-entrepreneurial leaders in managerial style, for example being less risk-adverse and more achievement-driven. These findings partially support the common characteristics model, but also suggest ELs have some unique attributes not shared with entrepreneurs and/or leaders.
EL’s characteristics are categorised into more fixed distal attributes (e.g., cognitive abilities, motives, values and personality) and more changeable proximal attributes (e.g., problem solving skills and attitudes). A model linking distal to proximal attributes was created to enable future researchers to predict the effects of individual difference variables on leader effectiveness. The most important proximal attribute is having a growth-oriented, values-based vision. Several distal characteristics of entrepreneurs appear particularly important to leading in turbulent times. ELs are perceived to be more pragmatic and more resilient in the face of failure than non-entrepreneurial peers. The attributes of pragmatism, resilience and ethical leadership appear to give EL’s a unique leadership ‘style’. These attributes are related to recent studies of emotional intelligence and authenticity in leadership.
ELs can be either business owners or corporate managers. Respondents perceived that business-owner ELs were more likely to succeed in venture growth and also more ethical than pure entrepreneurs. Corporate ELs were perceived to be more effective in achieving results and acting as a driving force for corporate entrepreneurship. Overall the findings suggest that entrepreneurship scholars should see EL as a distinct form of leadership of great relevance to research and training programs in today’s entrepreneurial economy. Implications for both leader and entrepreneur development are presented.
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Mukabi, Collins, and Nguyen Long Vu. "Cryptocurrency as a Payment Method in the Retail Industry : An application of Diffusion of Innovation Theory (DOI) on the characteristics of Bitcoin: the case of Bitrefill." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-46892.
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Background: The convergence of payment behaviours can contribute to the diffusion of new payment technologies and thus economic performance. There is evidence that the electrification of the retail payment system promotes the performance of the banking sector and economic growth. The retail payment market is a prime example of a two-sided market where new payment instruments need to reach a critical mass of users to become viable and grow further (Martikainen, Schmiedel & Takalo, 2015). Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to analyse Bitcoin, as a payment method, and review the models already used to shed more light on its further potential adoption by retailers. We apply the DOI theory and review the TAM model to determine the underlying characteristics of Bitcoin that will enable further adoption or rejection among retailers. Method: We conduct a case study on Bitrefill AB which offers a rich method for investigating and researching. With the process of interpretation in context, we make inference from the case of Bitrefill in connecting with events and experiences of other retailers (Expedia, Alibaba, Overstock and CheapAir). Conclusion: According to the results, the adoption of Bitcoin relies heavily on positive relative advantages to other payment methods, compatibility and simplicity of its use while negative characteristics that pull it back from being adopted include the complexities in understanding the technology behind it, damaging outcomes varying from the expected.
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Lingmarker, Deckeman Evelina, and Zehra Köylüoglu. "Arbetsmotivation utifrån ett ledarskapsperspektiv : En kvalitativ studie om hur ledare verkar för att motivera sina medarbetare till ett högt arbetsengagemang i offentlig sektor." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-41255.
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Denna studie syftade till att skapa förståelse för ledarnas föreställningar om vad de anser påverkar medarbetarnas motivation inom den offentliga sektorn utifrån frågeställningarna “Vilka föreställningar har cheferna om vilka faktorer som påverkar medarbetarnas motivation?” samt “Hur anser ledare att de kan motivera sina medarbetare?”. Metoden i studien grundar sig på en kvalitativ metodansats med semistrukturerade intervjuer. För empiriinsamling genomfördes sex intervjuer med personer som har eller haft en ledarbefattning inom offentlig sektor. Studiens teoretiska referensram utgörs av tidigare studier om arbetsmotivation samt klassiskt etablerade teorier i form av Självbestämmandeteorin, Herzbergs tvåfaktorsteori samt Hackman & Oldhams arbetsdesignteori. Resultatet visade att det främst är den inre motivationen cheferna anser vara motivationsskapande. För att motivera medarbetarna fokuserar de således på att stimulera inre motivationsfaktorer hos medarbetarna. Beroende på vilka föreställningar de hade kring vilka faktorer som var mest motiverande kunde det variera vilka motivationsverktyg de fokuserade mest på. De mest framträdande motivationsverktygen cheferna använde sig av var bekräftelse/beröm samt en ständig dialog med sina medarbetare.This study aimed to create an understanding of leaders perception of what they believe affects the employees motivation in the public sector based on the questions “what ideas do managers have about what factors affect their employees motivation?” and “how does the leaders think that they can motivate their employees?”. The method on this study is based on a qualitative method with an approach of semi-structured interviews. For the empirical data collection, six interviews were made with people who have or had a leader position in the public sector. The theoretical frame for this study was based on the Self-determination theory, Herzberg's two-factor theory and Hackman & Oldham's job characteristics model. The result showed that it is primarily the internal motivation that managers consider to be motivational. To motivate employees, they focus on stimulating internal motivational factors among employees. Depending on their perceptions of which factors were most motivating, it could vary which motivational tools they focused most on. The most prominent motivational tools that the managers used were affirmation, praise and as well as constant dialogue with their employees.
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Young, Anna M. "Variations in Specialized Policing Response Models as a Function of Community Characteristics- A Survey of Crisis Intervention Team Coordinators." VCU Scholars Compass, 2015. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4012.
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Although a specific program called the Crisis Intervention Team (CIT) has been generally recognized as the best-practice model that addresses the needs of the police officers in responding to mental health calls, many jurisdictions across the country have not only adopted the full CIT model but also have taken the liberty of adding new components and/or removing components of the original model in order to create a unique program that fits the needs of their individual community. The issue of differentiated adaptations of the original CIT model has created a controversy around best practice in the area of police response to individuals with mental health issues who are in crisis. Using an on-line survey and interview methods, this study examined a relationship between the degree of variation within specialized policing response models and their corresponding community characteristics. Previous research shows that the components of the original CIT model have positive influence on officers’ confidence in interacting with people with mental illness. Therefore, this study also hypothesized that a rating of an SPR police officers’ job satisfaction was likely to correlate with the degree to which an SPR program adhered to the original CIT model. The study found that mental health resources, extent of presence of special populations in a community, existence of SPR policies in law enforcement, mental health, and dispatch departments, and how much law enforcement and mental health administrators supported the program, all predicted the degree of total deviation of a program from the original CIT model. Population density, related to a distinction between rural and non-rural communities, did not predict the degree of deviation from the original CIT model. The study also found that the degree of deviation of a program from the original CIT model did not strongly predict the rating of SPR officers’ job satisfaction. The study discusses the possible reasons for the results as well as implications for stakeholders who are considering implementation of a Specialized Policing Response model in their communities. Limitations of the current study’s research design are also discussed.
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Eryganov, Ivan. "Aplikace kooperativní teorie her pro Cournotovy oligopoly." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-401580.
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This Master’s thesis deals with the application of cooperative game theory for solving the problems of Cournot's oligopolies. The knowledge of oligopoly theory and game theory has been elaborated to build a model describing the behavior of companies at a market that meets the preconditions of Cournot's oligopoly. The definition of cooperative game is based on the -characteristic function, which takes into account, compared to classical methods, that companies which are not in the coalition are pursuing their own profits, not suppressing coalition positions. The properties of the resulting cooperative games are examined in detail, focusing on monotony and convexity. Several theorems about these properties have been derived and their economic interpretations are given. Also, the question of calculation of the -characteristic function using the best-reply dynamics algorithm is being solved, and its convergence for a given type of games is justified. The model is applied to data from the oil market, which is further characterized by the results of the cooperative game.
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Eden, Rebekah G. "The conceptualization and investigation of user capital and its impact on effective use and information systems success." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2017. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/107158/1/Rebekah_Eden_Thesis.pdf.
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The use and success of Information Systems (IS) is becoming increasingly reliant on users. Therefore, this study sought to develop and test a construct around the notion of User Capital, which this research defines as the attributes possessed by an individual that enable them to use an IS to perform tasks. User Capital was formed by the dimensions of self-regulation, competence, mastery orientation, and attitude. To test the construct a largely quantitative field study approach was adopted. User Capital was found to be a significant driver of effective use and a key construct in the examination of IS success.
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Костишин, В. С. "Моделювання режимів роботи відцентрових насосів на основі електрогідравлічної аналогії." Thesis, Івано-Франківський національний технічний університет нафти і газу, 2003. http://elar.nung.edu.ua/handle/123456789/3994.
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Дисертація присвячена розв’язанню важливої науково-практичної проблеми математичного моделювання відцентрових насосів магістральних нафтопроводів на основі узагальненої теорії кіл та методу електрогідравлічної аналогії. Розроблені теоретичні основи моделювання ідеалізованої гідравлічної машини та досліджені її теоретичні характеристики. Створена модель реальної відцентрової гідромашини в координатах дійсних чисел (скалярна модель) для визначення енергетичного балансу РВН на основі розрахунку взаємозв’язаних гідравлічних, об’ємних та механічних втрат на повному інтервалі функціонування машини. Синтезовані зручні для практичного використання спрощені тригонометричні та поліноміальні аналітичні вирази характеристики ВН у системі відносних одиниць, характерною особливістю яких є використання як головного конструктивного параметра РВН номінального значення розрахункового кута навантаження, визначення якого ведеться через каталогові параметри машини. Розроблено модель реальної відцентрової гідромашини в координатах комплексних чисел (комплексна модель), яка дає можливість аналітичного розрахунку характеристик ВН в залежності від частоти обертання колеса та в’язкості робочої рідини. Визначено шляхи використання моделей ВН для оптимізації режимів перекачувальних станцій магістральних нафтопроводів та розрахунку економічної ефективності впровадження на них регульованого тиристорного електроприводу. Створено банк розрахункових режимних параметрів для моделювання серії РВН магістральних нафтопроводів та впроваджено основні результати дисертаційної роботи в рамках держбюджетної і господарсько-договірної робіті та у навчальний процес ІФНТУНГ.Диссертация посвящена решению важной научно-практической проблемы математического моделирования центробежных насосов со спиральным отводом на основе обобщенной теории цепей и метода электрогидравлической аналогии.
The dissertation is devoted to solving of the important scientific and practical problem of mathematical modeling of centrifugal pumps (CP) of oii pipelines on the basis of the generalized theory of circuits and a method of electrohydraulic analogy. The theoretical bases of modeling of the idealized hydraulic machine have been developed and its theoretical characteristics have been investigated. The created model of the real centrifugal hydraulic machine in real numbers coordinates (scalar model) has been created for determining power balance CP on the basis of calculation of the interconnected hydraulic, volumetric and mechanical losses on a full interval of functioning of the machine. Convenient tor practical use and simplified trigonometric and polynomial analytical expressions of characteristic CP in system of relative units have been synthesized. Their prominent feature is using the rating value of a settlement angle of loading as main design data CP. Its deterermining is conducted through machine catalogue parameters. The model of the real CP in coordinates of complex numbers (complex model) which enables analytical calculation of characteristics of the pump depending on frequency of rotation of a wheel and viscosity of a working liquid has been developed. Ways of using CP models for optimization of modes of pumping over main oil pipelines stations and calculation of economic efficiency of introduction the thyristor variable-speed control electric drive have been determined. The catalogue of settlement regime parameters for modeling series CP for main oil pipelines has been created and the basic results of dissertation work have been introduced.
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Celik, Hasan. "Implications of Performance-Based Contracting on Logistics and Supply Chain Management: A Multi-Method Approach." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2020. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1707410/.
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Performance-based contracting (PBC) redefines the relationships between suppliers and buyers and differs from traditional contracting approaches with its reward/payment scheme, emphasis on the performance outcomes, increased supplier autonomy, and transfer of risk and responsibilities to suppliers. Given the 70% of life cycle costs of products/systems reside in sustainment, PBC has led to substantial improvements in availability, maintainability, reliability, and thus total cost of ownership of systems/products. Though PBC has changed the way of doing business and its presence has increased across multiple industry, private and public sectors, for profit and not-for-profit, its implications on various aspects of logistics and supply chain management have been understudied. It is important to explore and establish evidence regarding these implications through academic rigor. Therefore, this three-essay dissertation aims to give some insight regarding structural and behavioral implications of PBC using a multi-method approach. Specifically, it (1) explores the relationship between PBC and supply chain resilience (SCRES), (2) examines the supplier goal commitment (i.e., motivation) in PBC, (3) proposes a mathematical model to find optimal contract length, periodic contract price and investment that concurrently maximizing supplier profit and satisfying buyer requirements. This dissertation offers theoretical and managerial contributions as well.
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Szinvelski, Charles Rogério Paveglio. "Uma solução para a equação da energia cinética turbulenta empregando o método das características." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2009. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/3885.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorIn this study, using the Method of Characteristics and numeric resources, presents a solution to the equation Spectral Density Evolution of Turbulent Kinetic Energy for a Convective Boundary Layer (CBL) in the morning. It presents three models for the evolution of spectral energy density. The first model, based on the assumption of a system of isotropic turbulence, considering only terms of energy transfer inertial and viscous dissipation. The second model adds the term energy production due to the onset of action of the parameter of heat flux on the surface, but consider it a term of energy transfer inertial anisotropy. The third model employs a mixed configuration of the two previous models, assuming thus distinct regions of operation to inertial transfer terms. The results shaped the evolution of the CLC. In this case, the growth of the energy spectrum is modeled by inserting energy in the region of low wave numbers, a region in which the term of anisotropic energy transfer can not transfer the energy introduced by the energy production term. It is observed that in a region of wave number higher there is a stabilization of the parameter variation temporal on the plane characteristics curves (PCC), indicating that the variation of wave number govern the evolution of the energy spectrum. This fact establishes a kind of criterion for stationarity of turbulent flow regimes.
No presente trabalho, utilizando o Método das Característica e recursos numéricos, apresenta-se uma solução para a Equação de Evolução Espectral de Densidade de Energia Cinética Turbulenta para uma Camada Limite Convectiva (CLC) no período da manhã. Apresenta-se três modelos para a evolução espectral da densidade de energia. O primeiro modelo, baseado na suposição de um regime de turbulência isotrópica, considera apenas termos de transferência de energia inercial e de dissipação viscosa. O segundo modelo adiciona o termo de produção de energia devido o início da ação do parâmetro de fluxo de calor na superfície, porém considerá-se um termo de transferência de energia inercial anisotrópico. O terceiro modelo emprega uma configuração mista dos dois modelos anteriores, admitindo, desta forma, regiões distintas de atuação para os termos de transferência inercial. Os resultados obtidos modelaram a evolução da CLC. Neste caso, o crescimento do espectro de energia modelado se deu pela inserção de energia na região de baixos números de onda, região em que o termo de transferência de energia anisotrópico não consegue transferir a energia inserida pelo termo de produção de energia. Observa-se que em uma região de número de onda mais alto existe uma estabilização da variação do parâmetro temporal sobre as curvas características planas (CCP), indicando que a variação do número de onda governará a evolução do espectro de energia. Fato que estabelece um tipo de critério de estacionariedade para de regimes de escoamento turbulento.
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Costa, Kelton Augusto Pontara da. "Uma ferramenta para execução de algoritmos utilizando o modelo a fluxo de dados dinâmico em hardware reconfigurável para a arquitetura ChipCflow: módulo de conversão C em grafo a fluxo de dados." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18152/tde-20082009-153150/.
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O ChipCflow é o projeto de uma ferramenta para execução de algoritmos utilizando o modelo a fluxo de dados dinâmico em hardware reconfigurável. Tem como principal objetivo utilizar o modelo de arquitetura a fluxo de dados, associado ao conceito de arquiteturas reconfiguráveis, para acelerar programas de aplicação escritos em C. Essa aceleração vai acontecer nas partes mais intensas de processamento (exemplo: loops), através da execução direta em hardware, aproveitando ao máximo o paralelismo considerado natural do modelo a fluxo de dados. O módulo de conversão C em grafo a fluxo de dados, desenvolvido neste trabalho de doutoramento, é parte fundamental no desenvolvimento do projeto ChipCflow e se trata de um pré-compilador C que gera código VHDL para os operadores a fluxo de dados a partir de módulos do programa de aplicação escrito originalmente em C. É possível considerar como principal resultado dessa tese, a implementação de algoritmos a partir de uma linguagem C em grafo a fluxo de dados no modelo proposto no projeto ChipCflow, onde os operadores a fluxo de dados são os já tradicionalmente conhecidos, e até mesmo a forma de interconexão também, entretanto a forma de abordar essa implementação, em VHDL, e na forma de fluxo de dados dinâmico, torna o modelo proposto, tanto para o hardware como para o compilador, uma característica única existente até o momento.ChipCflow is a tool for algorithms execution using a data dynamic flow in reconfigurable hardware. The main purpose of the work is to use the data flow architecture model, associated to the concept of reconfigurable architectures, to speed up C written applications. The program acceleration happens in the most intensive processing parts (example: loops), through direct hardware execution, using to advantage of the natural parallelism of the data flow model. The C conversion module in data flow graph is the basic part in the development of the ChipCflow project and the specific objective of the developed work. In this work we present detais of the C precompiler that generates VHDL code for the data flow operators modules of the written program of the original application in C. It is possible to consider as the main result of this thesis, the implementation of algorithms from a C language in the data flow graph model proposed in the project ChipCflow, where the operators to the data stream are typically already known, and even the way interconnection too, but how to approach the implementation in VHDL, and as a dynamic data flow, makes the proposed model for both the hardware and the compiler, a feature only available so far.
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Mathavakkannan, Suresh. "Techniques to assess volume status and haemodynamic stability in patients on haemodialysis." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/4811.
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Volume overload is a common feature in patients on haemodialysis (HD). This contributes significantly to the cardiovascular disease burden seen in these patients. Clinical assessments of the volume state are often inaccurate. Techniques such as interdialytic blood pressure, relative blood volume monitoring, bioimpedance are available to improve clinical effectives. However all these techniques exhibit significant shortcomings in their accuracy, reliability and applicability at the bed side. We evaluated the usefulness of a dual compartment monitoring technique using Continuous Segmental Bioimpedance Spectroscopy (CSBIS) and Relative Blood Volume (RBV) as a tool to assess hydration status and determine dry weight. We also sought to evaluate the role of Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) and B-type Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) as a volume marker in dialysis patients. The Retrospective analysis of a historical cohort (n = 376, 55 Diabetic) showed a significant reduction in post-dialysis weights in the first three months of dialysis (72.5 to 70kg, p<0.027) with a non-significant increase in weight between months 6-12. The use of anti-hypertensive agents reduced insignificantly in the first 3 months, increased marginally between months 3-6 and significantly increased over the subsequent 6 months. The residual urea clearance (KRU) fell and dialysis times increased. The cohort was very different to that dialysing at Tassin and showed a dissociation between weight reduction and BP control. This may relate to occult volume overload. CSBIS-RBV monitoring in 9 patients with pulse ultrafiltration (pulse UF) showed distinct reproducible patterns relating to extra cellular fluid (ECF) and RBV rebound. An empirical Refill Ratio was then used to define the patterns of change and this was related to the state of their hydration. A value closer to unity was consistent with the attainment of best achievable target weight. The refill ratio fell significantly between the first (earlier) and third (last) rebound phase (1.97 ± 0.92 vs 1.32 ± 0.2). CSBIS monitoring was then carried out in 31 subjects, whilst varying dialysate composition, temperature and patient posture to analyse the effects of these changes on the ECF trace and to ascertain whether any of these interventions can trigger a change in the slope of the ECF trace distinct to that caused by UF. Only, isovolemic HD caused a change in both RBV and ECF in some patients that was explained by volume re-distribution due to gravitational shifts, poor vascular reactivity, sodium gradient between plasma and dialysate and the use of vasodilating antihypertensive agents. This has not been described previously. These will need to be explored further. The study did demonstrate a significant lack of comparability of absolute values of RECF between dialysis sessions even in the same patient. This too has not been described previously. This is likely to be due to subtle changes in fluid distribution between compartments. Therefore a relative changes must be studied. This sensitivity to subtle changes may increase the usefulness of the technique for ECF tracking through dialysis. The potential of dual compartment monitoring to track volume changes in real time was further explored in 29 patients of whom 21 achieved weight reductions and were able to be restudied. The Refill Ratio decreased significantly in the 21 patients who had their dry weights reduced by 0.95 ± 1.13 kg (1.41 ± 0.25 vs 1.25 ± 0.31). Blood pressure changes did not reach statistical significance. The technique was then used to examine differences in vascular refill between a 36oC and isothermic dialysis session in 20 stable prevalent patients. Pulse UF was carried out in both these sessions. There were no significant differences in Refill Ratios, energy removed and blood pressure response between the two sessions. The core temperature (CT) of these patients was close to 36oC and administering isothermic HD did not confer any additional benefit. Mean BNP levels in 12 patients during isovolemic HD and HD with UF did not relate to volume changes. ANP concentrations fell during a dialysis session in 11 patients from a mean 249 ± 143 pg/ml (mean ± SD) at the start of dialysis to 77 ± 65 pg/ml at the end of the session (p<0.001). During isolated UF levels did not change but fell in the ensuing sham phase indicating a time lag between volume loss and decreased generation. (136±99 pg/ml to 101±77.2 pg/ml; p<0.02) In a subsequent study ANP concentrations were measured throughout dialysis and in the post-HD period for 2 hours. A rebound in ANP concentration was observed occurring at around 90 min post-HD. The degree of this rebound may reflect the prevailing fluid state and merit further study. We have shown the utility of dual compartment monitoring with CSBIS-RBV technique and its potential in assessing volume changes in real time in haemodialysis patients. We have also shown the potential of ANP as an independent marker of volume status in the same setting. Both these techniques merit further study.
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Nyh, Johan. "From Snow White to Frozen : An evaluation of popular gender representation indicators applied to Disney’s princess films." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för geografi, medier och kommunikation, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-36877.
Full textAbstract:
Simple content analysis methods, such as the Bechdel test and measuring percentage of female talk time or characters, have seen a surge of attention from mainstream media and in social media the last couple of years. Underlying assumptions are generally shared with the gender role socialization model and consequently, an importance is stated, due to a high degree to which impressions from media shape in particular young children’s identification processes. For young girls, the Disney Princesses franchise (with Frozen included) stands out as the number one player commercially as well as in customer awareness. The vertical lineup of Disney princesses spans from the passive and domestic working Snow White in 1937 to independent and super-power wielding princess Elsa in 2013, which makes the line of films an optimal test subject in evaluating above-mentioned simple content analysis methods. As a control, a meta-study has been conducted on previous academic studies on the same range of films. The sampled research, within fields spanning from qualitative content analysis and semiotics to coded content analysis, all come to the same conclusions regarding the general changes over time in representations of female characters. The objective of this thesis is to answer whether or not there is a correlation between these changes and those indicated by the simple content analysis methods, i.e. whether or not the simple popular methods are in general coherence with the more intricate academic methods.Betyg VG (skala IG-VG)
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Akrou, Lamyae. "Numerical aspects of the characteristic modes theory." Doctoral thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/96359.
Full textAbstract:
Tese no âmbito do doutoramento em Engenharia Electrotécnica e de Computadores, Ramo de
Especialização em Telecomunicações orientada pelo Professor Doutor Henrique J. A. da Silva e
apresentada ao Departamento de Engenharia Electrotécnica e de Computadores da Faculdade
de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade de CoimbraNowadays, the characteristic modes theory becomes more and more popular in the electromagnetic field as a very efficient tool for analysing and solving scattering and radiation problems. Unlike the existing analysis tools, the characteristic modes analysis is based on the eigenvalues and the eigenvectors. Actually, these two key factors help enormously in gaining useful physical insights into the scatterer’s modes, the modes contributions to the radiation field, and reveals which mode is dominant for each frequency sample of the frequency band being examined. Normally, the eigenvalues and the eigenvectors are derived directly from the modal decomposition of the impedance matrix of the scatterer using the real and imaginary parts of the matrix. Unfortunately, it is found that the real part of the impedance matrix doesn’t fully fill full the theoretical specifications of the characteristic modes theory, which harms the numerical accuracy of the characteristic modes and reduces tremendously the total number of the obtained modes. Therefore, in order to respond to the theoretical requirements of the characteristic modes theory, a new method is proposed to treat this issue by reconstructing the real part matrix using the expansion of the Green dyadic in spherical vector waves. The new approach proved its efficiency and resulted in higher numerical accuracy, an increased number of the characteristic modes, and improved the computational speed in comparison to the conventional approach. However, after obtaining the accurate characteristic modes, the issue of how to connect the modes with each other is raised. The choice of a suitable method to perform the modes tracking is very critical to the accuracy of the analysis of the characteristic mode. Thus, the modal tracking problem is investigated also, with a main focus on the modes swapping and degenerated modes phenomena encountered in the eigenvectors correlation method. Consequently, an enhanced modal tracking method is proposed based on the difference in magnitudes between successive eigenvalues, as a criterion to establish the associations between the modes along the frequency axis. The tracking method is validated using several numerical applications, and satisfactory results are obtained. At times, to achieve a higher accuracy of the modal tracking, it is mandatory to increase the number of frequency samples resulting in a larger size of the impedance matrix. The computation of the impedance matrix at discrete frequency samples is a very time-consuming process, particularly for wideband frequency applications, therefore, the necessity to apply the impedance matrix interpolation method is highlighted. Finally, relevant concepts used throughout this dissertation are detailed in the appendices section, together with the source codes used to perform the modal decomposition, the modal tracking, and the impedance matrix interpolation.
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Moreno, Javier A. "Iterative differential Galois theory in positive characteristic : a model theoretic approach /." 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3314855.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2008.Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-05, Section: B, page: 3034. Adviser: C. Ward Henson. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 43-45) Available on microfilm from Pro Quest Information and Learning.
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Shyue-Cheng, Yang, and 楊學成. "Conjugate theory on studying the model and characteristic with screw motion mechanism." Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/17117838383548077168.
Full textAbstract:
博士國立成功大學
機械工程學系
87
In terms of principal, conjugate theory is a branch of differential geometry. It is included in differential geometry. But the detail content doesn''t find in the books of differential geometry. Little content maybe included in differential geometry. However, their mathematical forms don''t conveniently apply to conjugate surface''s theory. Conjugate theory mainly applies to solve these questions, such as, machine design, manufacturing, confirmed surface of a tool, straightening roll machine, conjugate surfaces, and so on. In order to solve these questions, the conjugate theory is develop and forms an object of application. Based on the conjugate theory, homogeneous coordinate transformation, differential geometry, and computer animation, a series of mathematical models of screw motion mechanisms, such as straightening machine, gear pump, multi-wave tubes, and rolling balls are derived. Using the derived mathematical models establishes the cutting tool path, and their geometric models. Based on the conjugate theory and the developed mathematical models investigate the contact condition between generating surface and generated surface. Envelope of the two-parameter family of surfaces or envelope of the three-parameter family of curves can straighten bars along the straightening line. Moreover, in the present dissertation, assembly errors of screw gear pumps are studied by conjugate theory. By the way of analysis, an error of center distance doesn''t influence the kinematic error. In order to investigate the properties of the surface profile, in the present dissertation, the famous Gaussian first and second fundamental forms have been studied. Combined with the results of mathematical models, the geometrical properties which include the normal curvature, the principal curvature, the principal direction, the first limit curves, and the second limit curves are investigate. In order to synthesize the conjugate pair with the better lubrication and form a hydrodynamic lubricating conditions, the analysis of curvatures are necessary and fundamental. Moreover, the cutting tool path, undercutting, the generation of singular points, the design process of rolling contour, and their mathematical models are supplied in the present dissertation. These results can be important in designing, manufacturing, and detecting. Although the establishment of these models are based on screw motion mechanism. A little change of the process is necessary in solving the similar and relative problems, therefore, it is worthwhile to apply this utensil widely.
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Hembry, Ian Fredrick. "Operational characteristics of mixed-format multistage tests using the 3PL testlet response theory model." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/26033.
Full textAbstract:
Multistage tests (MSTs) have received renewed interest in recent years as an effective compromise between fixed-length linear tests and computerized adaptive test. Most MSTs studies scored the assessments based on item response theory (IRT) methods. Many assessments are currently being developed as mixed-format assessments that administer both standalone items and clusters of items associated with a common stimulus called testlets. By the nature of a testlet, a natural dependency occurs between the items within the testlet that violates the local independence of items. Local independence is a fundamental assumption of the IRT models. Using dichotomous IRT methods on a mixed-format testlet-based assessment knowingly violates local independence. By combining the score points within a testlet, researchers have successfully applied polytomous IRT models. However, the use of such models loses information by not using the unique response patterns provided by each item within a testlet. The three-parameter logistic testlet response theory (3PL-TRT) model is a measurement model developed to retain the uniqueness in response patterns of each item, while accounting for the local dependency exhibited by a testlet, or testlet effect. Because few studies have examined mixed-format MSTs administration under the 3PL-TRT model, the dissertation performed a simulation to investigate the administration of a mixed-format testlet based MSTs under the 3PL-TRT model. Simulee responses were generated based on the 3PL-TRT calibrated item parameters from a real large-scale passage based standardized assessment. The manipulated testing conditions considered four panel designs, two test lengths, three routing procedures, and three conditions of local item dependence. The study found functionally no bias across testing conditions. All conditions showed adequate measurement properties, but a few differences did occur between some of the testing conditions. The measurement precision was impacted by panel design, test length and the magnitude of local item dependence. The three-stage MSTs consistently illustrated slightly lower measurement precision than the two-stage MSTs. As expected, the longer test length conditions had better measurement precision than the shorter test length conditions. Conditions with the largest magnitude of local item dependency showed the worst measurement precision. The routing procedure had little impact on the measurement effectiveness.text
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Hung, Pei-Chun, and 洪佩君. "The Influence of Product Characteristics on the Consumers' Behaviors for Purchasing Car-The Model of Theory of Planned Behavior." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/90557256501857676181.
Full textAbstract:
碩士南台科技大學
行銷與流通管理系
96
Although enterprises have often emphasized the development the new products and services, they have neglected the needs of the consumers. At present time, Taiwanese consumers are focused on product characteristics, their financial resources and trade group opinions in determining their purchases. In this study we examine which product characteristic is considered by the consumer when making the car purchase. Furthermore, the theory of planned behavior is adopted to derive effects of car-buying attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavior on the final decisions. The subjects in this study consist of 20 year-olds who hold a job. We use convenience sampling to analyze the data. We show that external variables of product characteristics and theory of planned behavior of the endogenous variables (which include attitude and subjective norm) have significant influence the consumers' car purchasing behavior. We also show that the perceived behavioral control and consumer intentions have no significant influence on the purchasing behavior. Furthermore, we determine that that there are differences in perceived behavioral control and subjective norm between respondents with car-buying experience and those without the experience. We hope that this study will be used as a reference by the automobile industry and further the understanding of the consumer behavior.
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Μαγεράκης, Ευστάθιος. "Cash holdings and firm characteristics : evidence from UK market." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10889/8739.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis investigates the determinants of UK corporate cash holdings between 1980 and 2012. The global and long term phenomenon of corporate cash pilling has drawn significant attention from researchers. Similarly, this study aims at shedding light on the empirical relationship between cash holding and specific firm characteristics. Our preliminary research incorporates a comprehensive literature review. Towards this end, the relevant financial theory is presented and the previous empirical studies are highlighted. Afterwards, the expected results of our research are synthesized into a set of distinct hypotheses and tested with regression analysis. The empirical findings suggest that cash holdings are positively related to investment opportunity, as R&D and market to book ratio. Cash ratio is also positively related to industry cash flow volatility and negatively affected by cash flow, net working capital, capital expenditures, leverage, tax expenses, age and size. Regarding the development of the determinants of cash holdings, the study indicates that three major variables influenced cash holdings over the years of analysis. In particular, leverage, tax regime and capital expenditures significantly affect the corporate liquidity in UK market. Furthermore, the results suggest that cash holdings are mostly defined by trade off theory. Indeed, our findings offer stimulating insights on the factors that determine the firms’ cash holdings during the past three decades. These findings may be beneficial for financial managers, investors and consultants.Στην παρούσα διατριβή εξετάζονται οι προσδιοριστικοί παράγοντες του δείκτη μετρητών σε επιχειρήσεις του Ηνωμένου Βασιλείου μεταξύ των ετών 1980 και 2012. Η διακράτηση μετρητών αποτελεί παγκόσμιο φαινόμενο και λαμβάνει της ανάλογης προσοχής από πληθώρα ερευνητών. Σε αυτή τη βάση, η μελέτη αυτή έχει ως στόχο να ρίξει φως σχετικά με την εμπειρική σχέση μεταξύ του δείκτη μετρητών και τα συγκεκριμένα χαρακτηριστικά που επηρεάζουν την ρευστότητα στις επιχειρήσεις διαχρονικά. Αρχικά η έρευνα ενσωματώνει μια βιβλιογραφική ανασκόπηση. Προς το σκοπό αυτό, οι σχετικές οικονομικές θεωρίες και οι προηγούμενες εμπειρικές μελέτες παρουσιάζονται. Στη συνέχεια, τα αναμενόμενα αποτελέσματα της έρευνας συντίθενται σε ένα σύνολο διακριτών υποθέσεων και δοκιμάζονται με ανάλυση παλινδρόμησης. Τα εμπειρικά ευρήματα υποδηλώνουν ότι ο δείκτης μετρητών σχετίζεται θετικά με τις επενδυτικές ευκαιρίες, τις δαπάνες Ε&Α και τον λόγο της αγοραίας προς τη λογιστική αξία των βιβλίων της επιχείρησης. Ο δείκτης μετρητών επίσης, σχετίζεται θετικά με την μεταβλητότητα των ταμειακών ροών του κλάδου και επηρεάζεται αρνητικά από τις ταμειακές ροές, το καθαρό κεφάλαιο κίνησης, τις κεφαλαιακές δαπάνες, την μόχλευση, τα φορολογικά έξοδα, την ηλικία και το μέγεθος των επιχειρήσεων. Όσον αφορά την εξέλιξη των προσδιοριστικών παραγόντων των ταμειακών ρευστών διαθεσίμων, η μελέτη δείχνει ότι τρεις είναι οι κύριες μεταβλητές που επηρεάζουν τη διακράτηση μετρητών κατά τη διάρκεια των χρόνων της ανάλυσης. Ειδικότερα, η μόχλευση, το φορολογικό καθεστώς και τις κεφαλαιακές δαπάνες επηρεάΖουν σημαντικά την απόφαση για εταιρική ρευστότητα στην αγορά του Ηνωμένου Βασιλείου. Επιπλέον, τα αποτελέσματα δείχνουν ότι η διακράτηση μετρητών ακολουθεί κυρίως την trade off θεωρία. Πράγματι, τα ευρήματά προσφέρουν χρήσιμες γνώσεις σχετικά με τους παράγοντες που καθορίζουν τη διακράτηση μετρητών των επιχειρήσεων κατά τη διάρκεια των τριών τελευταίων δεκαετιών. Τα ευρήματα αυτά μπορεί να είναι επωφελή για οικονομολόγους, επενδυτές και συμβούλους.
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LIU, CHIA-HUI, and 劉佳惠. "The End of Jobs? The Typology and Development of Portfolio Worker's Job Characteristics Model under the Gig Economy-Application of Grounded Theory." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/spezkx.
Full textAbstract:
碩士長榮大學
高階管理碩士在職專班(EMBA)
106
The rise of gig economy has impacted the original job market very much. Monotone employment pattern is no longer satisfying the supply and demand in the employment market, while the psychological contract between organization and employees changed either. Does the gig economy finally make employment come to an end? This research conduct literature review on the gig economy and portfolio workers based on Grounded theory, and develop the typology of job characteristic model for portfolio workers based on JCM (Job Characteristic Model) by conducting in-depth interview, content analysis and scenario analysis, to categorize six types of portfolio workers: casual earners, financially strapped workers, missionaries, prospectors, stability workers and entrepreneurs as reference for future empirical researches.
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Abd, Karim Zulakbal Bin. "Development characteristics of football coaches in Australia and Malaysia." Thesis, 2016. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/32214/.
Full textAbstract:
Sport coaches play a crucial role in contributing to individual and team performance. Unlike the scientific study of athlete development, scant attention has been paid to the intricacies of coach development across the full spectrum of coaching levels. In the current research the defining stage development characteristics of A, B and C license soccer (hereafter referred to as football) coaches in Australia and Malaysia, were interviewed about their development journey, especially dating back to their first involvement in football through to the present.
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Kibret, Behailu Mulatu. "The Human Body Antenna: Characteristics and its Application." Thesis, 2016. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/31012/.
Full textAbstract:
The human body has antenna characteristics that are not explored in detail to explain
some phenomena involving the interaction of electromagnetic fields and the human body.
Moreover, the characterization of the human body as antenna unlocks new applications
in body area networks for low-power wireless communications by utilizing the human
body itself as an antenna. This thesis presents a new theory for explaining the antenna characteristics of the human
body in transmission and reception mode. The theory is applied to two areas of study,
namely, Human Body Communication (HBC) and whole-body radio-frequency (RF)
dosimetry. Based on this, the thesis proposes a new concept where the human body is
utilized as an antenna for wireless implant communication.
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Tai, Tzu-fang, and 戴孜芳. "The Relationship between the Characteristics of Core Resources and Entry Modes as Seen from the Resource-based Theory--the Electronic Tube and Semiconductor Firms of Taiwan as an Example." Thesis, 1997. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/01839903397985532991.
Full textAbstract:
碩士大同工學院
事業經營學系
85
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE CHARACTERISTICS OF CORE RESOURCES AND ENTRY MODES AS SEEN FROM THE RESOURCE-BASED THEORY─THE ELECTRONIC TUBE AND SEMICODUTOR FIRMS OF TAIWAN AS AN EXAMPLEAdvisor: Prof. Hsien-che LeeStudent: Tzu-fang TaiTATUNG INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGYGRADUATE SCHOOL OF MANAGEMENTMASTER THESISJUNE 1997 ABSTRACT During the past decade, following the trend of internationalization, firms in the private sector in Taiwan have adopted more entry modes, instead of only focusing on export orientation. Many authors have discussed the topic on Taiwanese R.O.C. firms'''' entry modes from different angels. During the recent years, although RBV has emerged, there are a few empirical researches discussing the entry mode from this perspective. As a result, this study would like to discuss why or how the firms on Taiwan can choose some types of entry modes. This study focuses on the electronic tube and semiconductor firms in the high-tech industries, with special emphasis on IC. This study applies the Standard Classification of Industries of R.O.C. and chooses 3171 code, which includes magnetron, plasma, electronic tubes, image tubes, vacuum tubes, CRT, LCD, diode, thyristors, transistors, wafers, IC, photo conductors, solar cells, and light emitting diode as the target population. The subject of this study is limited to firms with international operations in the last years. This study uses One-way MANOVA to verify whether not all means of core resources are equivalent in characteristics of core resources, uses factor analysis to summarize and reduce the dimensions of characteristics of core resources, uses cluster and discriminant analysis to group samples, and uses Chi-square independent tests to observe whether a firm''''s entry mode will be contingent on its core resource, whether a firm''''s entry mode will be contingent on the characteristics of its core resource, and as for capabilities, whether a firm''''s entry mode will be contingent on the characteristics of its core resource. The following observations are based on this study: 1. Capabilities are more important than assets. The relative importance of the core resource of the individual firm is ''''doing,'''' ''''intangible,'''' and ''''people dependent.'''' R.O.C. high tech firms rely on manufacturing capabilities and innovation and R&D capability. 2. There is an overall significant difference in core resources for characteristics of core resources. This significant difference results from nontradeable nature between tangible assets and intangible assets and between tangible assets and capabilities. between tangible assets and 3. Entry modes of the firms are independent of their core resources and of the characteristic patterns of these resources. Hence, the related hypotheses in this study are not supported. The reasons of the results are that high tech firms need high skill workers and their capabilities and the industrial clusters are highly tacit and highly imperfect transferable. Consequently, the firm opts for export modes. Besides, in its present development, Taiwan''''s semiconductor industry still remains at the growth stage and has not entered the maturing stage; therefore, most of the firms focus mainly on export modes.
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Ranganathan, Shilpa. "The Effects of the Political-Legal Environment and Corporate Characteristics on Mergers and Acquisitions in India, 1991-2005." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2012-05-10787.
Full textAbstract:
Emerging markets such as India have witnessed waves of domestic and cross-border mergers and acquisitions. This historical analysis, which consists of two parts, tests central tenets of resource dependence theory. The first part entails an analysis of the transition in public policy governing corporations between 1991 and 2005. The second part tests hypotheses derived from resource dependence theory relating to a firm’s decision to acquire. The analysis explores the factors that explain why firms engage in mergers and acquisitions by examining three specific policy periods (i.e., 1991-1996, 1997-2001 and 2002-2005). The findings from the historical analysis suggest that firms did not merely react to the conditions (i.e., constraints on capital) in their environment by undertaking merger and acquisition activity, but attempted to alter them as resource dependence theory suggests. Findings from the event history logit model also support resource dependence theory. Overall, the study shows that merger and acquisition activity increased during a period of intense deregulation (i.e., 1991-2005) brought about by the adoption of neo-liberal reforms, change to the multilayer subsidiary form, deregulation of the banking and financial sectors’ and reforms in foreign direct investment and equity markets. During this period of uncertainty, firms controlling more resources in terms of earnings, efficiency and number of subsidiaries were more likely to undertake acquisition activity as they have leverage in organization-environment relationships. The effect of number of subsidiaries on acquisition activity was the most consistent across policy periods’.
This dissertation is organized in the following manner: Following the introductory chapter, Chapter II is a historical examination of the three policy periods and includes an analysis of the effect of the political-legal environment on mergers and acquisitions between 1991 and 2005. Chapter III reviews the propositions of resource dependence theory that pertain to organizational change and presents research hypotheses related to mergers and acquisitions. Chapter IV describes the data, measurement and methodology employed in the quantitative analysis. Chapter V presents the findings from the quantitative analysis and discusses the results. The concluding chapter (Chapter VI) includes a presentation of the theoretical findings and discussion of the limitations and scope of the study.
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Soares, Catarina de Oliveira. "Renting clothes online in Portugal : influence of consumer characteristics and service delivery on attitude." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/34679.
Full textAbstract:
In recent years, novel consumption patterns have emerged, with consumers becoming
increasingly aware of their impact on the environment. This has led to the rise of a new mindset and culture, in which consumers pay to use and experience goods and services instead of owning them, designated as access-based consumption.
Spurred by the success of this business model internationally and the gap existent in the Portuguese market, this study aims to identify the effect of individual consumer and service characteristics on the attitudinal development process and consumers' intention to adopt this disruptive service.
This study aimed to empirically test the effect of both consumer characteristics – fashion
leadership, need for uniqueness, ownership importance, and environmental awareness – and
service delivery features – importance of fast delivery and cleanliness of the rented products –
on attitude toward renting clothes online on a monthly subscription basis. Besides, the effect of attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioral control on participants´ intention was
also scrutinized. This research was based on the Theory of Planned Behavior.
The results from the survey indicated that fashion leadership, environmental awareness,
importance of ownership, and ability to offer a fast delivery directly influenced consumer´s attitude. Additionally, attitude and subjective norm revealed a positive effect on the intention
to participate in the renting system.
The present research can inform fashion subscription service managers regarding which
consumer and service dimensions should be considered, in order to accurately attract and
convert the appropriate consumer segments and streamline their marketing campaigns accordingly.Nos últimos anos surgiram novos modelos de consumo e, simultaneamente, os consumidores tornaram-se mais conscientes do seu impacto no meio ambiente. Isto levou ao aparecimento de uma nova mentalidade e cultura, na qual os consumidores preferem pagar para usar e experimentar diferentes bens e serviços em vez de adquiri-los, designado de consumo baseado no acesso. Impulsionado pelo sucesso deste modelo de negócio a nível internacional e pela sua inexistência no mercado português, este estudo teve como objetivo identificar o efeito de determinadas características do consumidor e do serviço na atitude e na intenção dos consumidores em participarem neste novo modelo de consumo. O propósito desta tese foi testar empiricamente o efeito da liderança na moda, necessidade de exclusividade, importância da propriedade e consciência ambiental, assim como a importância da velocidade de entrega e o receio da falta de limpeza das roupas na atitude em relação a alugar roupa online com base numa subscrição mensal. Para além disso, o efeito da atitude, norma subjetiva e controlo comportamental percebido na intenção foi também estudado. Este estudo baseou-se na Teoria do Comportamento Planeado. Os resultados deste estudo indicaram que a liderança na moda, a consciência ambiental, a importância da propriedade e a importância da velocidade de entrega influenciaram a atitude do consumidor. Ainda, a atitude e a norma subjetiva demonstraram afetar a intenção em relação ao aluguer de roupa. Esta tese visa comunicar às empresas quais as dimensões que devem considerar para atrair certos segmentos, e ainda otimizar as suas campanhas de marketing.
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Ribeiro, Marta Holroyd Kendall Cruz. "Startups vs. empresas estabelecidas : a autonomia e o excesso de trabalho na motivação dos trabalhadores." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/32877.
Full textAbstract:
O presente estudo procura explorar a relação entre a motivação intrínseca dos indivíduos e a sua perceção sobre a autonomia e o excesso de trabalho, bem como o efeito moderador dos diferentes contextos de trabalho (i.e., startups e empresas estabelecidas), nesta relação. A autonomia e o excesso de trabalho têm potencial para influenciar a motivação dos trabalhadores, sendo pertinente explorar estas características de trabalho, principalmente em startups, onde a perceção dos trabalhadores é pouco explorada pela literatura. Os dados foram recolhidos através de um questionário online, tendo-se obtido uma amostra com 601 inquiridos – 353 a trabalhar em contexto de startups e 248 em empresas estabelecidas. De acordo com o esperado, os resultados demonstram que a autonomia prediz positivamente a motivação intrínseca, enquanto que o excesso de trabalho a prediz negativamente. Apesar de não ser possível inferir que as startups aumentam a relação positiva entre a autonomia e a motivação intrínseca, foi possível concluir que as startups diminuem a relação negativa entre o excesso de trabalho e a motivação intrínseca. Foram discutidas as limitações do presente estudo, assim como as implicações do mesmo para futuras investigações.The present study seeks to explore the relationship between employees’ intrinsic motivation and their perception of autonomy and work overload, as well as the moderating effect of different work contexts (i.e., startups and established companies), in this relationship. Autonomy and work overload influence employees’ motivation, therefore it is relevant to assess these job characteristics, particularly in startups where employees’ perceptions have not been thoroughly studied in published literature. Data was collected through an online questionnaire, obtaining a sample of 601 respondents – 353 working in startups and 248 in established companies. As expected, the results demonstrate that autonomy positively predicts intrinsic motivation, while work overload negatively predicts it. Although it was not possible to infer that startups increase the positive relationship between autonomy and intrinsic motivation, it was possible to conclude that startups reduce the negative relationship between work overload and intrinsic motivation. The limitations of this study and its implications for future investigations were also discussed.
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(14011126), Gayle B. S. Fox. "Modelling District Court decision-making: Offender identity, judicial attitudes and legal factors." Thesis, 2005. https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/Modelling_District_Court_decision-making_Offender_identity_judicial_attitudes_and_legal_factors/21398823.
Full textAbstract:
The guiding orientation of the present research was whether two conflicting positions, (1) that sentencing in a criminal case is a complex decision-making process, and (2) that sentencing is a judgment based upon few offence and/or offender details, could be reconciled. The competing claims lend support to the opposing viewpoints on sentencing guidelines, and are explicitly or implicitly utilised by each side in the law and order' debate, but each is deficient in current empirical or theoretical investigation. Archival research was undertaken on assault occasioning bodily harm cases from the Queensland District Court. Study 1 (N = 244) investigated the correlations between 27 offence, offender, victim and sentencer characteristics (e.g., use of a weapon in the assault, offender's prior convictions, victim's gender and sentencer's expertise), five theorised preliminary decisions (e.g., whether to impose a tariff versus individualised penalty, to set a utilitarian versus retributive punishment), and five sentencing decisions (e.g., to record or not record a conviction, to impose a lenient or a harsh penalty). Results favoured the conclusion that sentencing is a complex decision-making process. Numerous correlations between the variables were initially indicated, although the effects on the sentencing decisions decreased when the offence seriousness and the offender's prior criminal history were controlled for. Guided by the results from Study 1, five increasingly complex legal and theoretical models were developed. The models were arranged hierarchically, initially including only legal variables and then expanded to incorporate concepts from Schubert's (1965;1974) Attitudinal Model of Supreme Court decision-making, and from Heise's (1988) Affect Control Theory. These were evaluated in Study 2 (N=393) using structural equation modelling. Model comparisons revealed that while the Simple Legal Model, (the first model presented including the harm caused by the offence, the offender's prior criminal history, and prescribed aggravating features of the attack) explained almost half of the variance in the sentencing decision, the model offered a poor fit to the data. While each of the three succeeding models improved the model fit, it was the fifth model, incorporating legal variables, preliminary decisions, attitudes, and particularly the sentencer's evaluation of the `character' of the offender, which best represented the data, without sacrificing parsimony, in addition to accounting for almost two-thirds of the variance in the sentencing decision (65.3%). It was concluded that sentencing is a complex decision-making process, and that the judgment is based upon few offence and/or offender details. Firstly, a relatively small number of offence and offender characteristics accounted for the greater part of the variance in the sentencing decision. Judges however, appeared to organise the information provided in order to make assessments about the offender, in the manner predicted by Affect Control Theory. The overall result therefore, supported the complex decision-making process subscribed to by judges. Limitations of the research and the implications of these results for the main players in the process, the inclusion of psychological theory in the courtroom, and the community's understanding of the system, are discussed.
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Krajewska, Anna Urszula. "Bioculturalism, simulation and satire : the case of S1mOne." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/19614.
Full textAbstract:
Text in EnglishThis study offers a close look at Andrew Niccol’s (b 1964) satirical film S1mOne from a biocultural perspective emphasising the technological simulation of a Hollywood celebrity and the farce ensuing from her creation. The film is based on Niccol’s assumption that the hypertrophied culture into which he places his cultural object will be one in which human traits of sociality will be well advanced and the highly demanding genre of satire will be entertaining, persuasive, and on occasion punitive in its ridicule of Hollywood. The study makes a contribution to the idea that a cultural object/text operates as a rapid mechanism for propagating cognition — it shows how Niccol has adapted to less than optimal conditions in his world of Hollywood — in this case he parodies the role of the director of Hollywood films in the figure of Taransky. Cognition is understood as that series of mental processes which include attention, memory, learning (from mimicry as well as other forms), problem solving, ratiocination, and making decisions. Niccol relies on his audience's embodied capacities and skills of recognition, thinking, feeling, remembering, and accounting for his message to be understood. Niccol’s technical skill in editing his narrative to emphasise the satire of the narrative of Taransky and Simone is a critical part of the film’s success. Interpersonal and social propagation of cognition is achieved through reference to other cultural artefacts recalling a variety of similar ideas used in film and other visual creations. The cultural significance of the simulacrum, Simone, is that she is a vehicle for and a form of socially propagated cognition. The powerful imagistic impression of film helps to structure internalised cognitive artefacts in the viewers who are expected to reflect on their habits of viewing and thinking. When a film, artwork, poem or novel is analysed, then such a cultural object becomes a vehicle of and for propagating cognition.
Art History, Visual Arts and Musicology
D. Litt. et Phil. (Art History)
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El-Khatib, Mayar. "Highway Development Decision-Making Under Uncertainty: Analysis, Critique and Advancement." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/5741.
Full textAbstract:
While decision-making under uncertainty is a major universal problem, its implications in the field of transportation systems are especially enormous; where the benefits of right decisions are tremendous, the consequences of wrong ones are potentially disastrous.
In the realm of highway systems, decisions related to the highway configuration (number of lanes, right of way, etc.) need to incorporate both the traffic demand and land price uncertainties. In the literature, these uncertainties have generally been modeled using the Geometric Brownian Motion (GBM) process, which has been used extensively in modeling many other real life phenomena. But few scholars, including those who used the GBM in highway configuration decisions, have offered any rigorous justification for the use of this model.
This thesis attempts to offer a detailed analysis of various aspects of transportation systems in relation to decision-making. It reveals some general insights as well as a new concept that extends the notion of opportunity cost to situations where wrong decisions could be made. Claiming deficiency of the GBM model, it also introduces a new formulation that utilizes a large and flexible parametric family of jump models (i.e., Lévy processes). To validate this claim, data related to traffic demand and land prices were collected and analyzed to reveal that their distributions, heavy-tailed and asymmetric, do not match well with the GBM model. As a remedy, this research used the Merton, Kou, and negative inverse Gaussian Lévy processes as possible alternatives.
Though the results show indifference in relation to final decisions among the models, mathematically, they improve the precision of uncertainty models and the decision-making process. This furthers the quest for optimality in highway projects and beyond.