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Journal articles on the topic 'Characterisation'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 20 July 2024

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1

Normann, Dag, Erik Palmgren, and Viggo Stoltenberg-Hansen. "Hyperfinite type structures." Journal of Symbolic Logic 64, no. 3 (September 1999): 1216–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2586626.

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The notion of a hyperfinite set comes from nonstandard analysis. Such a set has the internal cardinality of a nonstandard natural number. By a transfer principle such sets share many properties of finite sets. Here we apply this notion to give a hyperfinite model of the Kleene-Kreisel continuous functionals. We also extend the method to provide a hyperfinite characterisation of certain transfinite type structures, thus, through the work of Waagbø [14], constructing a hyperfinite model for Martin-Löf type theory.This kind of application is not new. Normann [6] gave a characterisation of the Kleene-Kreisel continuous functionals using ‘hyperfinitary’ functionals. The novelty here is that we use a constructive version of hyperfinite functionals and also generalise the method to transfinite types. Many of the results of this paper are constructive, though not the characterisation theorems themselves.Our characterisation of the Kleene-Kreisel continuous functionals is a supplement to a number of previous characterisations of topological and recursion-theoretical nature, see [6] for a brief survey. Altogether these characterisations show that the original concept of Kleene and Kreisel forms the correct mathematical model of the idea of finitely based functions of finite types.There is, however, no a priori reason to believe that there is a canonical way to extend the continuous functionals to cover transfinite objects of transfinite type used in, e.g., type theory. Our characterisation of Waagbø's model indicates that the model is natural, not only seen from domain theory but from a higher perspective. Normann and Waagbø (unpublished) have subsequently obtained a limit-space characterisation that further supports this view.

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2

Kochenash, Michael. "Reframing Julius’ Kindness (Acts 27) as an Extension of Luke's Socratic Characterisation of Paul." New Testament Studies 67, no. 1 (December 15, 2020): 73–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0028688520000284.

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The Acts narrative's characterisation of Julius evokes the circumstances of Socrates, specifically the end of his life, at which point his prison guard – who exhibits a fondness for Socrates – allows his friends to visit and care for him. The credibility of this reading is strengthened by situating Acts 27 amid other Socratic characterisations of Paul in Acts 17–26, 28. By understanding Julius’ characterisation in this way, readers can regard Paul as a Socratic figure even during his sea voyage and shipwreck. This reading is more credible than others that attribute the characterisation of Julius to the narrative's positive disposition towards centurions.

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3

Stroethoff, Karel. "The Bloch space and Besov spaces of analytic functions." Bulletin of the Australian Mathematical Society 54, no. 2 (October 1996): 211–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0004972700017676.

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We shall give an elementary proof of a characterisation for the Bloch space due to Holland and Walsh, and obtain analogous characterisations for the little Bloch space and Besov spaces of analytic functions on the unit disk in the complex plane.

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4

Mazari, Idriss, Grégoire Nadin, and Ana Isis Toledo Marrero. "Optimisation of the total population size with respect to the initial condition for semilinear parabolic equations: two-scale expansions and symmetrisations." Nonlinearity 34, no. 11 (September 27, 2021): 7510–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6544/ac23b9.

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Abstract In this article, we propose in-depth analysis and characterisation of the optimisers of the following optimisation problem: how to choose the initial condition u 0 in order to maximise the spatial integral at a given time of the solution of the semilinear equation u t −Δu = f(u), under L ∞ and L 1 constraints on u 0? Our contribution in the present paper is to give a characterisation of the behaviour of the optimiser u ¯ 0 when it does not saturate the L ∞ constraints, which is a key step in implementing efficient numerical algorithms. We give such a characterisation under mild regularity assumptions by proving that in that case u ¯ 0 can only take values in the ‘zone of concavity’ of f. This is done using two-scale asymptotic expansions. We then show how well-known isoperimetric inequalities yield a full characterisation of maximisers when f is convex. Finally, we provide several numerical simulations in one and two dimensions that illustrate and exemplify the fact that such characterisations significantly improve the computational time. All our theoretical results are in the one-dimensional case and we offer several comments about possible generalisations to other contexts, or obstructions that may prohibit doing so.

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Jawhari, Fatima Zahra, Hamada Imtara, Nabil Radouane, Abdelfattah El Moussaoui, Imane Es-safi, Amal Amaghnouje, Mashail N. AlZain, et al. "Phytochemical, Morphological and Genetic Characterisation of Anacyclus pyrethrum var. depressus (Ball.) Maire and Anacyclus pyrethrum var. pyrethrum (L.) Link." Molecules 28, no. 14 (July 13, 2023): 5378. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28145378.

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The present study is based on a multidisciplinary approach carried out for the first time on Anacyclus pyrethrum var. pyrethrum and Anacyclus pyrethrum var. depressus, two varieties from the endemic and endangered medicinal species listed in the IUCN red list, Anacyclus pyrethrum (L.) Link. Therefore, morphological, phytochemical, and genetic characterisations were carried out in the present work. Morphological characterisation was established based on 23 qualitative and quantitative characters describing the vegetative and floral parts. The phytochemical compounds were determined by UHPLC. Genetic characterisation of extracted DNA was subjected to PCR using two sets of universal primers, rbcL a-f/rbcL a-R and rpocL1-2/rpocL1-4, followed by sequencing analysis using the Sanger method. The results revealed a significant difference between the two varieties studied. Furthermore, phytochemical analysis of the studied extracts revealed a quantitative and qualitative variation in the chemical profile, as well as the presence of interesting compounds, including new compounds that have never been reported in A. pyrethrum. The phylogenetic analysis of the DNA sequences indicated a similarity percentage of 91%. Based on the morphological characterisation and congruence with the phytochemical characterisation and molecular data, we can confirm that A. pyrethrum var. pyrethrum and A. pyrethrum var. depressus represent two different taxa.

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6

HO, WENG KIN. "Characterising E-projectives via Comonads." Mathematical Structures in Computer Science 27, no. 4 (May 12, 2015): 491–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960129515000183.

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This paper demonstrates the usefulness of a comonadic approach to give previously unknown characterisation of projective objects in certain categories over particular subclasses of epimorphisms. This approach is a simple adaptation of a powerful technique due to Escardó which has been used extensively to characterise injective spaces and locales over various kinds of embeddings, but never previously for projective structures. Using some examples, we advertise the versatility of this approach – in particular, highlighting its advantage over existing methods on characterisation of projectives, which is that the comonadic machinery forces upon us the structural properties of projectives without relying on extraneous characterisations of the underlying object of the coalgebra arising from the comonad.

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7

Asllani, Besar, Dominique Planson, Pascal Bevilacqua, Jean Baptiste Fonder, Beverley Choucoutou, Hervé Morel, and Luong Viet Phung. "Advanced Electrical Characterisation of High Voltage 4H-SiC PiN Diodes." Materials Science Forum 963 (July 2019): 567–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.963.567.

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This paper reports the design, the processing, the static characterisation, the switching behaviour and the high current stress test of 10 kV aimed 4H-SiC bipolar diodes. The actual breakdown voltage of the selected devices is between 7 kV and 8 kV. The switching characterisations show a good behaviour with a trr of only 90 ns. No degradation was observed after the application of 10 000 high current pulses during the stress tests.

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8

Rodriguez Alonso, C., A. Quijano, E. Vallejo Ortega, A. Huovila, T. Molteni, E. Croci, and I. Urkola. "Supporting urban decision-making processes through supply-side technologies characterisation." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2600, no. 8 (November 1, 2023): 082035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2600/8/082035.

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Abstract The MAtchUP project (Maximizing the Upscaling and replication potential of high level urban transformation strategies) developed an urban transformation methodology for sustainable city planning, based on demand-side and supply-side characterisations. The supply-side characterisation is based on the Smart City Technology Packages (SCTP), which are groups of solutions from those demonstrated in the Lighthouse cities of the Project, selected based on their replication potential and with the aim to maximise the impact of MAtchUP actions. The SCTPs are organised in the three main pillars of energy, mobility and ICT (information and communication technologies), and its characterisation includes three main fields: a general description (including reasons for implementing the technologies, barriers and benefits), operational model (analysing business models’ archetype, cost structure and financial model), and impact assessment (in the fields of environment, economy and social). Such characterisation is done under common criteria, which allows comparisons among SCTPs. The supply-side methodology included also a PESTEL (political, economic, social, technological, environmental, legal) analysis done by each city in order to evaluate the viability of each SCTP under those circumstances of the city, to finally obtain the most suitable set of solutions to implement.

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9

Sun, Dawei. "Study on the Relationship between Actors' Personal Style and Characterisation." Journal of Education and Educational Research 6, no. 2 (December 10, 2023): 158–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/jeer.v6i2.14982.

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This study focuses on the relationship between actors' personal style and characterisation. Firstly, the background, purpose and significance of the study are introduced. Secondly, the influence of actors' personal style on characterisation is explored, including the concept and characteristics of actors' personal style, and the relationship between actors' personal style and character selection and performance. Then, the shaping of actors' personal style by characterisation is explored, including the concept and methods of characterisation, as well as the influence and development of characterisation on actors' personal style. Finally, the interaction between actors' personal style and characterisation is investigated, including the interaction effect, analysis of common characteristics and exploration of optimisation strategies. Finally, it is concluded that there is a close relationship between actors' personal style and characterisation. Actor's personal style has an influence on characterisation, while characterisation can also adjust and develop actor's personal style. Through the study of actors' personal style and characterisation, we can better understand the art of actors' performance, optimise actors' performance style, and improve the quality and viewability of performance. This study is of great theoretical and practical significance for a deeper understanding of the relationship between actors' personal style and characterisation.

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10

Olteanu, Emilia, and Constantin Drghici. "The Synthesis of N-nitroso bis (1ab,2a,7a,7ab-tetrahydro-1b-methylene-2,7-methano-1H-cyclopropa[b]naphthalene) amine." Revista de Chimie 59, no. 1 (February 9, 2008): 49–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.08.1.1705.

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The synthesis and the spectral characterisation of N-nitroso bis(1ab, 2a,7a,7ab-tetrahydro- 1b-methylene- 2,7-methano-1H-cyclopropa[b]naphtalene)amine(1) is reported. Also, the syntheses and the spectral characterisations of the following intermediates: N-(1ab, 2a,7a,7ab-tetrahydro-2,7-methano-1H cyclopropa[b]naphthalene-1b-methylene-1ab, 2b, 7b, 7ab-tetrahydro-2,7-methano-1H-cyclopropa[b] naphtalene-1b-carbinylamine (4) and N-Bis(1ab, 2a,7a,7ab-Tetrahydro-1b-methylene- 2,7-methano-1H-cyclopropa[b]naphtalene)amine(5) are reported.

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11

ROMAGUERA, SALVADOR, and OSCAR VALERO. "Domain theoretic characterisations of quasi-metric completeness in terms of formal balls." Mathematical Structures in Computer Science 20, no. 3 (April 7, 2010): 453–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960129510000010.

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We characterise those quasi-metric spaces (X, d) whose poset BX of formal balls satisfies the condition (*) From this characterisation, we then deduce that a quasi-metric space (X, d) is Smyth-complete if and only if BX is a dcpo satisfying condition (*). We also give characterisations in terms of formal balls for sequentially Yoneda complete quasi-metric spaces and for Yoneda complete T1 quasi-metric spaces. Finally, we discuss several properties of the Heckmann quasi-metric on the formal balls of any quasi-metric space.

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12

Okorie, A. M. "The art of characterisation in the Lukan narrative: Jesus, the disciples and the populace." Religion and Theology 2, no. 3 (1995): 274–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157430195x00195.

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AbstractThe art of characterisation in a narrative is elucidated. Characterisation is the technique by which an author fashions a convincing portrait of a person within a unified piece of writing. The relationship between characterisation and descriptive techniques such as showing and telling, verbal and non-verbal action, flat and round characters, as well as its function in the unfolding of the plot is shown. Characterisation, furthermore, proceeds by way of repetition or redundancy. The process of characterisation is finally illustrated by means of Luke's characterisation of Jesus, the disciples and the populace.

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13

Markaki, A. E., C. Öhman, and A. E. Porter. "Biomaterial characterisation." Materials Science and Technology 31, no. 2 (December 2, 2014): 129–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/0267083614z.000000000877.

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14

Taylor, Kenneth J. W., and P. N. T. Wells. "Tissue characterisation." Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology 15, no. 5 (January 1989): 421–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-5629(89)90094-x.

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15

Milišić, Kristina, Branislava Sivčev, Nataša Štajner, Jernej Jakše, Saša Matijašević, Dragan Nikolić, Tatjana Popović, and Zorica Ranković-Vasić. "Ampelographic and molecular characterisation of grapevine varieties in the gene bank of the experimental vineyard ‘Radmilovac’ – Serbia." OENO One 55, no. 4 (November 19, 2021): 129–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/oeno-one.2021.55.4.4508.

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Characterisations of thirty grapevine varieties (Vitis vinifera L.) from the experimental vineyard ‘Radmilovac’ were conducted using a large number of OIV descriptors and eight highly polymorphic microsatellite loci. The ampelographic description contained 45 features. Molecular characterisation of selected microsatellite loci was performed using capillary electrophoresis fragment analysis. Dendrograms based on ampelographic and genetic data resulted in three groups of varieties. Qualitative ampelographic characteristics tended to manifest significant differences. The most common deviation among varieties within the group was in the characteristic OIV 051 (colouration of the upper side of a young leaf). Genetic characterisation of SSR markers through analyses of a large number of varieties contributes to better organisation of grapevine collections and simpler identification of varieties, as well as data exchange. When identifying the varieties, the results of the DNA analysis should be combined with the ampelographic descriptors, in order to select grapevine varieties with desirable viticultural and oenological traits. Integration of the obtained genetic data with the ampelographic data is of utmost importance for accurate identification of the varieties and offers a significant means for the preservation and use of the varieties.

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16

Schmidt, Damian. "The characterisation principle in South African competition law from a German law perspective." South African Mercantile Law Journal 34, no. 2 (2022): 153–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.47348/samlj/v34/i2a1.

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The characterisation principle — or the concept of characterisation — is a modern achievement of the South African competition law, with its roots in United States jurisdiction from which it was originally transferred into the South African legal system. Several far-reaching South African court decisions refer to the characterisation principle and make it an essential part. However, the positioning of the characterisation principle in South African competition law is complex. This is shown by the fact that, for example, the concept of characterisation obviously conflicts with the rationale of the per se prohibitions implemented in the South African Competition Act 89 of 1998. This article attempts to analyse the characterisation principle from a German law perspective in order to define its relevance, impact and limitation more precisely in the South African legal system.

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17

Josefsson, Martin. "New characterisations of bicentric quadrilaterals." Mathematical Gazette 106, no. 567 (October 12, 2022): 414–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mag.2022.114.

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A bicentric quadrilateral is a convex quadrilateral that can have both an incircle (it is tangential) and a circumcircle (it is cyclic), see Figure 1. We know of only a dozen characterisations of bicentric quadrilaterals published before. In all of them the starting point is either a tangential or a cyclic quadrilateral, which then must satisfy some condition in order also to be of the other type. Before we proceed to prove seven new such necessary and sufficient conditions for bicentric quadrilaterals, we review one characterisation and one property of tangential quadrilaterals that we will apply later.

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18

Moors, W. B., and J. R. Giles. "Generic continuity of minimal set-valued mappings." Journal of the Australian Mathematical Society. Series A. Pure Mathematics and Statistics 63, no. 2 (October 1997): 238–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1446788700000677.

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AbstractWe study classes of Banach spaces where every set-valued mapping from a complete metric space into subsets of the Banach space which satisfies certain minimal properties, is single-valued and norm upper semi-continuous at the points of a dense Gδ subset of its domain. Characterisations of these classes are developed and permanence properties are established. Sufficiency conditions for membership of these classes are defined in terms of fragmentability and σ-fragmentability of the weak topology. A characterisation of non membership is used to show that l∞ (N) is not a member of our classe of generic continuity spaces.

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Ozana, Veronika, and Karel Hruška. "Instrumental analytical tools for mycobacteria characterisation." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 39, No. 4 (August 29, 2021): 235–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/69/2021-cjfs.

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Mycobacteria in drinking water and in the water of swimming pools, whirlpools, hydrotherapy facilities and aquaria contribute significantly to human exposure to triggers of immune regulated chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Technological elements of water distribution systems, especially their inner surface, taps, shower heads and blind spots where sediments settle, affect the number of mycobacteria in the water. The review presents the possibilities of using analytical instruments for rapid determination of mycobacteria and for their typing as an alternative to classical culture and a method of monitoring specific nucleic acid sequences by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Information about the use of flow cytometry (FCM), matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) spectrometry, Raman and infrared (IR) spectroscopy and biosensors are presented.

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20

Reddy, B. J. "Spectroscopic characterisation of rosasite and aurichalcite." Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie - Monatshefte 2004, no. 7 (July 2, 2004): 302–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0028-3649/2004/2004-0302.

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21

Strand, Per, Nick Jefferies, Yoshikazu Koma, and Jo Plyer. "Methodological developments and practice in characterisation of unconventional and legacy waste." Journal of Radiological Protection 42, no. 2 (February 14, 2022): 020501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6498/ac4b02.

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Abstract Radioactive waste management requires planned and systematic actions to provide confidence that the entire system, processes and final products will satisfy given requirements for quality. The characterisation process is dependent on setting clear characterisation objectives and gathering the right information to underpin the decisions that need to be taken to manage the waste safely. This paper reviews experience of characterisation of waste generated from past nuclear activities that were not conducted in compliance consistent with current criteria, or from unexpected situations that were not planned for. This experience shows that the development of a reliable and efficient characterisation and categorisation methodology is a common challenge for such wastes, referred to here as unconventional and legacy (UL) waste. Through the activites of the Nuclear Energy Agency Expert Group on the Characterisation of Unconventional and Legacy Waste, consideration has been given to widely used waste stream characterisation procedures and methods that were originally developed primarily for application in conventional decommissioning work. Although they provide a substantial basis for characterisation, there are various additional factors that commonly need to be taken into account in the case of UL waste. By analysing the challenges and lessons learned from a variety of case studies and other international experience, it has been possible to identify opportunities for adaptations and enhancements to these characterisation methologies, and these are set out and explained. The need for integration of waste characterisation with other aspects of strategic planning for UL waste management is discussed, including characterisation to address any non-radiological hazards. The analysed case studies have also highlighted the importance of developing a robust legislative and regulatory framework in parallel with an appropriate waste infrastructure to treat, store and dispose of UL waste. Finally, the basic features of a UL waste characterisation roadmap are presented, including the interactions within a wider UL waste management programme and key areas for further consideration and possible development. It is anticipated such work can be supported by continued international cooperation.

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22

DIMCA, ALEXANDRU. "Freeness versus maximal global Tjurina number for plane curves." Mathematical Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society 163, no. 1 (September 21, 2016): 161–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305004116000803.

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AbstractWe give a characterisation of nearly free plane curves in terms of their global Tjurina numbers, similar to the characterisation of free curves as curves with a maximal Tjurina number, given by A. A. du Plessis and C.T.C. Wall. It is also shown that an irreducible plane curve having a 1-dimensional symmetry is nearly free. A new numerical characterisation of free curves and a simple characterisation of nearly free curves in terms of their syzygies conclude this paper.

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23

Campbell, James T., and William E. Hornor. "Localising and seminormal composition operators on L2." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Section A Mathematics 124, no. 2 (1994): 301–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308210500028481.

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Let (X, ∑, μ) denote a σ-finite measure space. We show that the kernel condition on a weighted composition operator acting on L2(X, ∑, μ), which is necessary for hyponormality of the adjoint, implies that a certain subset of X has the localising property defined by Lambert. For operators satisfying this condition, we find a reducing subspace whose orthocomplement in L2 is annihilated by both the operator and its adjoint, allowing us to obtain characterisations of seminormality for the operator by looking only at the restriction to the reducing subspace. This simplifies the analysis significantly, giving transparent characterisations for the hyponormality and quasinormality of the adjoint, as well as a characterisation of normality for the operator which does not require the computation of any conditional expectations. Several examples are given. We then characterise the semi-hyponormal class for both the operator and its adjoint.

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Kurajica, Stanislav, Vilko Mandić, Ivana Panžić, Mattia Gaboardi, Katarina Mužina, Ana Lozančić, Juraj Šipušić, et al. "In-Operando Diffraction and Spectroscopic Evaluation of Pure, Zr-, and Ce-Doped Vanadium Dioxide Thermochromic Films Derived via Glycolate Synthesis." Nanomaterials 10, no. 12 (December 17, 2020): 2537. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10122537.

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Pure and doped vanadia (VO2, V0.98Zr0.02O2, V0.98Ce0.02O2) samples were prepared by wet chemistry synthesis from vanadyl glycolate intermediate phase and tape casted into films. Combining in-operando grazing incidence synchrotron X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy, we studied the structural evolution of the films under isothermal conditions. The setup allowed assessment of the thermochromic functionality with continuous monitoring of the monoclinic to tetragonal transition in pure and doped vanadia phases, responsible for the transmission and reflection of light in the infrared part of the solar spectrum. The materials characterisation by X-ray diffraction beamline (MCX) goniometer demonstrated ideal performance, combining flexible geometry, high resolution, and the potential to accommodate the multi-channel equipment for in-operando characterisation. This method proved viable for evaluating the relevant structural and physical, and thereof functional properties of these systems. We revealed that dopants reduce the transition temperature by 5 °C on average. The synthetic route of the films was held responsible for the observed phase separation. The more favourable behaviour of cerium-doped sample was attributed to cerium alkoxide behaviour. In addition, structural, microstructural, thermal, and spectroscopic characterisation on powder samples was performed to gain more insight into the development of the phases that are responsible for thermochromic features in a broader range of doping ratios. The influence of the dopants on the extent of the thermochromic transition (transmission to reflection hysteresis) was also evaluated using (micro) structural, thermal and spectroscopic methods of powder samples. Characterisations showed that zirconium doping in 2, 4, and 6 mol% significantly influenced the phase composition and morphology of the precursor. Vanadium oxides other than VO2 can easily crystallise; however, a thermal treatment regime that allowed crystallisation of VO2 as a single phase was established.

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Naser, O. N. A., H. C. M. Gresty, M. Pakzad, R. Hamid, J. L. Ockrim, and T. J. Greenwell. "Female stricture characterisation." European Urology 79 (June 2021): S553. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0302-2838(21)00774-0.

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Feng, Yating, Qiaoli Huang, Rui Zhang, Junyi Li, Kai Luo, and Yinhua Chen. "Molecular characterisation of." Crop & Pasture Science 73, no. 3 (February 9, 2022): 300–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp21558.

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Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) is the first enzyme in the phenylpropanoid pathway and plays a critical role in plant growth, development and stress defence. However, there have been few reports of the PAL gene family in lucerne (also known as alfalfa, Medicago sativa L.), one of the most important forage legume species worldwide. In this study, we report that PAL in lucerne is encoded by a family of seven genes: MsPAL1–MsPAL7. Furthermore, a comprehensive genome-wide bioinformatics analysis of the MsPAL gene family is presented, including chromosomal locations, phylogenetic relationships, gene structures and conserved motifs. The cis-elements and potential biological functions of these genes were investigated, revealing the potential roles of MsPAL members in response to various stresses. RT-qPCR results showed that the expression of MsPAL6 was significantly upregulated under both salinity- and waterlogging-stress conditions. Other MsPAL members such as MsPAL1 and MsPAL2 were downregulated under saline conditions and upregulated significantly after waterlogging stress. Our findings provide useful information for further practical analyses and for the genetic improvement of abiotic stress tolerance of lucerne.

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Neder, R. B., and V. I. Korsunskiy. "Characterisation of nanoparticles." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography 61, a1 (August 23, 2005): c95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108767305095978.

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28

Roadknight, Chris, Ian Marshall, and Debbie Vearer. "File popularity characterisation." ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review 27, no. 4 (March 2000): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/346000.346014.

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29

Patel, S. "Characterisation of keratoconus." British Journal of Ophthalmology 95, no. 6 (February 24, 2011): 759–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjo.2010.200618.

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Alberts, W. G., D. T. Bartlett, J. L. Chartier, C. R. Hirning, J. C. McDonald, H. Schraube, and R. B. Schwartz. "Neutron Field Characterisation." Journal of the ICRU 1, no. 3 (October 2001): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jicru_1.3.27.

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31

Klanner, Robert. "Characterisation of SiPMs." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 926 (May 2019): 36–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2018.11.083.

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Lederer, Michael. "Characterisation of proteins." Journal of Chromatography A 448 (January 1988): 188. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9673(01)84578-7.

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33

Duck, Francis A. "Ultrasonic tissue characterisation." Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology 23, no. 1 (January 1997): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0301-5629(97)89922-x.

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Armstrong, Paul W., and Frans Van de Werf. "STREAM characterisation correction." Lancet 389, no. 10084 (May 2017): 2102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(17)31335-1.

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Gore, M. G. "Characterisation of proteins." FEBS Letters 250, no. 1 (June 19, 1989): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0014-5793(89)80696-9.

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Cuevas, Andres. "Modelling silicon characterisation." Energy Procedia 8 (2011): 94–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2011.06.108.

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Perrie, Yvonne, and Thomas Rades. "Advanced characterisation techniques." International Journal of Pharmaceutics 417, no. 1-2 (September 2011): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.03.036.

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Stanley-Wood, Nayland. "Particle characterisation trends." TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry 6, no. 4 (April 1987): 100–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-9936(87)87042-5.

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Alberts, W. G., D. T. Bartlett, J. L. Chartier, C. R. Hirning, J. C. McDonald, H. Schraube, and R. B. Schwartz. "Neutron Field Characterisation." Journal of the International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements 1, no. 3 (October 2001): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jicru/1.3.27.

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Thessieu, Christophe. "Materials characterisation service." Europhysics News 35, no. 6 (November 2004): 200–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epn:2004607.

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Josefsson, Martin. "Further characterisations of tangential quadrilaterals." Mathematical Gazette 101, no. 552 (October 16, 2017): 401–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mag.2017.122.

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Tangential quadrilaterals are defined to be quadrilaterals in which a circle can be inscribed that is tangent to all four sides. It is well known and easy to prove that a convex quadrilateral is tangential if, and only if, the angle bisectors of all four vertex angles are concurrent at a point, which is the centre of the inscribed circle (incircle). The most well-known and in problem solving useful characterisation of tangential quadrilaterals is Pitot's theorem, which states that a convex quadrilateral is tangential if and only if its consecutive sides a, b, c, d satisfy the relation a + c = b + d [1, pp. 64-67]. If you want to have more background information about characterisations of tangential quadrilaterals, then we recommend you to check out the lovely papers [2, 3, 4], as well as our previous contributions on the subject [5, 6, 7]. These six papers together include about 30 characterisations that are either proved or reviewed there with references.

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Devezeaux de Lavergne, Marine, Fred van de Velde, and Markus Stieger. "Bolus matters: the influence of food oral breakdown on dynamic texture perception." Food & Function 8, no. 2 (2017): 464–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6fo01005a.

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Schaab, Janis David. "Kantian Constructivism and the Sources of Normativity." Kant Yearbook 14, no. 1 (September 28, 2022): 97–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/kantyb-2022-0005.

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Abstract While it is uncontroversial that Kantian constructivism has implications for normative ethics, its status as a metaethical view has been contested. In this article, I provide a characterisation of metaethical Kantian constructivism that withstands these criticisms. I start by offering a partial defence of Sharon Street’s practical standpoint characterisation. However, I argue that this characterisation, as presented by Street, is ultimately incomplete because it fails to demonstrate that the claims of Kantian constructivism constitute a distinctive contribution to metaethics. I then try to complete the practical standpoint characterisation by elaborating on Christine Korsgaard’s suggestion that metaethical Kantian constructivism takes up a position on the source of morality’s normativity.

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Shao, Yunqi, Yu Wang, Mao Du, Aristeidis Voliotis, M. Rami Alfarra, Simon P. O'Meara, S. Fiona Turner, and Gordon McFiggans. "Characterisation of the Manchester Aerosol Chamber facility." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 15, no. 2 (January 31, 2022): 539–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-539-2022.

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Abstract. This study describes the design of the Manchester Aerosol Chamber (MAC), initially developed in 2005 and presents for the first time its comprehensive characterisation. The MAC is designed to investigate multi-phase chemistry and the evolution of aerosol physico-chemical properties from the real-world emissions (e.g. diesel engine, plants) or of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) produced from pure volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Additionally, the generated aerosol particles in the MAC can be transferred to the Manchester Ice Cloud Chamber (MICC), which enables investigation of cloud formation in warm, mixed-phase, and fully glaciated conditions (with temperature, T, as low as −55 ∘C). The MAC is an 18 m3 fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) Teflon chamber with the potential to conduct experiments at controlled temperature (15–35 ∘C) and relative humidity (RH; 25 %–80 %) under simulated solar radiation or dark conditions. Detailed characterisations were conducted at common experimental conditions (25 ∘C, 50 % RH) for actinometry and determination of background contamination, wall losses of gases (NO2, O3, and selected VOCs), aerosol particles at different sizes, chamber wall reactivity, and aerosol formation. In addition, the influences of chamber contamination on the wall loss rate of gases and particles and the photolysis of NO2 were estimated.

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Mahesha N, Mahesha N., and Arunkumar Lagashetty. "Synthesis And Characterisation Of Nanosized Cadmium Oxide." International Journal of Scientific Research 2, no. 7 (June 1, 2012): 73–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/july2013/24.

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Šťavíková L Polovka, M., B. Hohnová, and J. Zemanová. "Multi-experimental characterisation of grape skin extracts." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 26, Special Issue (February 10, 2009): S43—S48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/245/2008-cjfs.

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Grape skins contain a plenty of different flavonoids, most of them revealing significant antioxidant properties. In this contribution, a complex study is presented of grape skin ethanol extracts, prepared from grape skins of two vine grape varieties, Svatovavřinecké (St. Laurent) and Alibernet. Extracts were prepared from two different amounts of lyophilised grape skin powders using the pressurised fluid extraction (PFE). The antioxidant activity of the extracts was tested by EPR spectroscopy in Fenton system generating reactive radicals (•OH, O<sub<sup>–</sup>•, •R) followed by spin trapping technique. In addition, radical scavenging activity of the extracts was assessed applying 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (•DPPH) free radical and 2,2’-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) cation radical (ABTS•><sup>+></sup>) assays. Total phenolic content (TPC) of the individual extracts and their tristimulus colour values (CIE Lab) were evaluated, using an UV-VIS spectrophotometer. All the data obtained were subsequently correlated and discriminated, using the multivariate statistics, involving the canonical discriminant analysis, principal component analysis, and canonical correlation analysis. Results obtained indicated that PFE is a suitable extraction technique, only slightly influencing antioxidant ability as well as composition of the so-prepared extracts. The influence of extraction conditions on the entire monitored characteristics was insignificant.

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Adamo, Ilaria, G. Diego Gatta, Nicola Rotiroti, Valeria Diella, and Alessandro Pavese. "Green andradite stones: gemmological and mineralogical characterisation." European Journal of Mineralogy 23, no. 1 (February 24, 2011): 91–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0935-1221/2011/0023-2079.

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M, Sandhya, and Saradha M. "Biochemical Characterisation of Selected Edible Nut Seeds." International Journal Of Pharmaceutical And Bio-Medical Science 02, no. 11 (November 23, 2022): 524–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.47191/ijpbms/v2-i11-09.

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The present study was focused to evaluate the phytochemical screening and biochemical estimation of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of edible nuts of Arachis hypogea, Anacardium occidentale, Prunus dulcis and Juglans regia. The phytochemical screening showed the presence of carbohydrate, protein, phenol and tannin, flavonoid, glycoside, steroid, alkaloid in all the studied nuts. The quantification of A. hypogeae, A. occidentale, P. dulcis and J. regia were performed to determine the total amount of carbohydrate, protein and phenol. The highest amount of Carbohydrate was present in A. occidentale (244.7 ± 6.3 mg GLC/g), The Protein content was highly present in J. regia (455.14 ± 3.7 mg BSA/g) and the highest amount of Phenol was present in P. dulcis (355.78 ± 7.2 mg GAE/g).

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Tabassum, Shazia, Anil B, and Neeti Harshitha M. "Preparation and Quality Characterisation of Ragi Laddu." International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews 4, no. 8 (August 2023): 2115–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.55248/gengpi.4.823.51323.

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M., Karthick, Nivetha M., Divyaparvathi R., Manivannan R., Abinayasri M., Ajay T., Krishnaveni S., Mohamed Aslam M., and Mohanraj G. "An Overview on Empirical Characterisation of Emulgel." International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) 12, no. 9 (September 5, 2023): 1559–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.21275/sr23921115212.

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