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Journal articles on the topic 'Chao'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 14 March 2023

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1

Chan, Chi-Chao. "Interview with Chi-Chao Chan." Future Medicinal Chemistry 4, no. 17 (November 2012): 2139–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4155/fmc.12.171.

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2

Knowlton, Edgar C., and Han Ong. "Fixer Chao." World Literature Today 76, no. 1 (2002): 142. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40157077.

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3

WILSON, KEITH DUNCAN PETER, and ZAIFU XU. "Gomphidae of Guangdong & Hong Kong, China (Odonata: Anisoptera)." Zootaxa 2177, no. 1 (August 6, 2009): 1–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2177.1.1.

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Guangdong is located in south China, which is recognized as a global centre of biodiversity for Gomphidae. Taxonomic and faunistic information is provided for 24 poorly known species of Gomphidae from Guangdong and Hong Kong. A total of 50 gomphid species belonging to 25 genera are enumerated, including 12 newly recorded from Guangdong and one newly recorded from Hong Kong. Four species are synonymised, one subspecies is promoted to species status and new generic combinations are provided for two species. The synonyms comprise: Lamelligomphus jiuquensis Liu 1993 = Lamelligomphus formosanus (Oguma 1926), Lamelligomphus parvulus Zhou and Li 2000 = Lamelligomphus laetus Yang and Davies 1993, Melligomphus moluami Wilson 1995 = Ophiogomphus guandongensis Chao 1994 and Phaeandrogomphus chaoi Zhu & Liang 1994 = Phaenandrogomphus tonkinicus (Fraser 1926). The subspecies Leptogomphus elegans hongkongensis Asahina 1988 is elevated to species status, viz Leptogomphus hongkongensis. Ophiogomphus guandongensis is transferred to Melligomphus Chao 1990 and Nihonogomphus indicus Lahiri 1987 is transferred to Orientogomphus Chao 1990. Keys are provided for the identification of Chinese Lamelligomphus Fraser and all known species of Nihonogomphus Oguma.
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4

Ma, J. X., L. Chao, G. Zhou, and J. Chao. "Expression and characterization of rat kallikrein-binding protein in Escherichia coli." Biochemical Journal 292, no. 3 (June 15, 1993): 825–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2920825.

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Rat kallikrein-binding protein is a novel serine-proteinase inhibitor that forms a covalent complex with tissue kallikrein. We have purified rat kallikrein-binding protein and cloned the cDNA and the gene encoding rat kallikrein-binding protein [Chao, Chai, Chen, Xiong, Chao, Woodley-Miller, Wang, Lu and Chao (1990) J. Biol. Chem. 265, 16394-16401; Chai, Ma, Murray, Chao and Chao (1991) J. Biol. Chem. 266, 16029-16036]. In the present study, we have expressed rat kallikrein-binding protein in Escherichia coli with a T7-polymerase/promoter expression system. A high level of expression was detected by an e.l.i.s.a. with an average of 24.2 mg of recombinant rat kallikrein-binding protein per 1 of culture. The recombinant protein appeared as a major protein in a crude extract of Escherichia coli on SDS/PAGE. It showed a molecular mass of 43 kDa and was recognized by polyclonal antibody to the native rat kallikrein-binding protein in Western-blot analysis. The recombinant rat kallikrein-binding protein has been purified to apparent homogeneity by DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B, hydroxyapatite Bio-Gel HPHT and Mono P 5/5 column chromatography. The purified recombinant rat kallikrein-binding protein showed immunological identity with the native rat kallikrein-binding protein purified from rat serum, in a specific e.l.i.s.a. To confirm the fidelity of the expression, the N-terminal ten amino acids of the recombinant rat kallikrein-binding protein were sequenced and were shown to match perfectly with those of the native rat kallikrein-binding protein. The purified recombinant rat kallikrein-binding protein formed SDS- and heat-stable complexes with rat tissue kallikrein (rK1) and T-kininogenase (rK10) in vitro, but not with other enzymes in the rat kallikrein gene family, such as tonin (rK2) and S3 protein (rK9), which indicates enzyme-specific binding. The properties of the recombinant rat kallikrein-binding protein including its size, charge, complex formation with target enzymes and immunological characteristics were compared with those of the native protein. This expression system provides a simple way to obtain a large amount of the biologically active recombinant protein, to study structure-function relationships of the rat kallikrein-binding protein and its interaction with its target enzymes.
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Syahriati, UA Nur Fitriani, Muhammad Yusuf, Rahmawati Saleh, Luthfiah, and Sumarni. "Chao Teri: The Traditional Fish Fermentation from South Sulawesi, Indonesia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1097, no. 1 (October 1, 2022): 012070. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1097/1/012070.

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Abstract Chao fish is a traditional product of the Bugis-Makassar ethnic, which is processed from anchovy fermentation. Chao teri production center is in Pangkep regency of South Sulawesi Province, especially in Liukang Topabiring and Labbakkang subdistricts. In this area, Chao fish is a complement to side dishes flavored with chilies and onions, and consumed with pickled mangoes and cucumbers. The fermentation process for approximately two weeks. Characteristics of fish Chao products are light brown or pink, slightly sour and salty taste, distinctive flavor, and has a paste-shaped texture. The descriptive qualitative and quantitative research method was used to explore processing techniques and volatile compounds in Chao teri. Observation and documentation were conducted to collect primary data. Instrumental analysis using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry with Solid Phase Micro-Extraction (GC-MS SPME) method is used to determine the volatile compounds. Chao teri can be made from anchovy and shrimp. Chemical characteristics of Chao teri after 2 weeks fermentation obtained pH 6.35, lactic acid 1.20%, and protein 21.15%. The results of the GC-MS SPME analysis produced 73 volatile compounds. The compounds are 31 hydrocarbons,12 alcohols, 9 aldehydes, 8 ketones, 4 esters, 2 organic acids, 1 furan, and 6 other compounds. The dominant types of amino acids found in Chao teri products are glutamic acid, leucine, aspartic acid, and lysine. In this article, the origin of Chao teri, its method of processing, and the scientific perspectives are discussed.
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6

FENG, Yong-Kang. "Lien Fang Chao." Hereditas (Beijing) 31, no. 2 (May 7, 2009): 113–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1005.2009.00113.

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7

O’HARA, JAMES E., HIROSHI SHIMA, and CHUNTIAN ZHANG. "ANNOTATED CATALOGUE OF THE TACHINIDAE (INSECTA: DIPTERA) OF CHINA." Zootaxa 2190, no. 1 (August 6, 2009): 1–236. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2190.1.1.

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The Tachinidae of mainland China and Taiwan (generally referred to as China herein for brevity) are catalogued. A total of 1109 valid species are recorded of which 403 species (36%) are recorded as endemic. Distributions within China are given according to the 33 administrative divisions of the country, and distributions outside China are given according to a scheme of geographical divisions developed for this catalogue and most finely divided for the Palaearctic and Oriental Regions. The catalogue is based on examination of the primary literature comprising about 670 references and also includes a small number of records based on unpublished data from specimens examined in collections. Taxa are arranged hierarchically under the categories of subfamily, tribe, genus, subgenus (where recognized), and species. Nomenclatural details are provided for nominal genera and species. This includes synonyms at both levels for taxa described or recorded from China. For valid species, distributions are provided along with complete name-bearing type data for associated names. Additional information is given in the form of notes, numbering more than 300 in the catalogue section and about 50 in the references section. Six genera are newly recorded from China: Calliethilla Shima (Ethillini), Chetoptilia Rondani (Dufouriini), Demoticoides Mesnil (Leskiini), Pseudalsomyia Mesnil (Goniini), Redtenbacheria Schiner (Eutherini), and Rutilia Robineau-Desvoidy (Rutiliini). Fourteen species are newly recorded from China: Actia solida Tachi & Shima, Atylostoma towadensis (Matsumura), Chetoptilia burmanica (Baranov), Demoticoides pallidus Mesnil, Dexiosoma lineatum Mesnil, Feriola longicornis Mesnil, Frontina femorata Shima, Phebellia laxifrons Shima, Prodegeeria gracilis Shima, Prooppia stulta (Zetterstedt), Redtenbacheria insignis Egger, Sumpigaster subcompressa (Walker), Takanomyia frontalis Shima, and Takanomyia rava Shima. Two genera and 23 species are recorded as misidentified from China. New names are proposed for three preoccupied names: Pseudodexilla O’Hara, Shima & Zhang, nomen novum for Pseudodexia Chao, 2002; Admontia longicornalis O’Hara, Shima & Zhang, nomen novum for Admontia longicornis Yang & Chao, 1990; and Erythrocera neolongicornis O’Hara, Shima & Zhang, nomen novum for Pexopsis longicornis Sun & Chao, 1993. New type species fixations are made under the provisions of Article 70.3.2 of ICZN (1999) for 13 generic names: Chetoliga Rondani, Discochaeta Brauer & Bergenstamm, Erycina Mesnil, Eurigaster Macquart, Microvibrissina Villeneuve, Oodigaster Macquart, Plagiopsis Brauer & Bergenstamm, Prooppia Townsend, Ptilopsina Villeneuve, Ptilotachina Brauer & Bergenstamm, Rhinotachina Brauer & Bergenstamm, Schaumia Robineau-Desvoidy, and Setigena Brauer & Bergenstamm. Subgenus Tachina (Servillia Robineau-Desvoidy) is reduced to a synonym of subgenus Tachina (Tachina Meigen). The valid names of two species are reduced to nomina nuda and replaced by other available names with new status as valid names: Siphona (Aphantorhaphopsis) perispoliata (Mesnil) replaces S. (A.) mallochiana (Gardner), and Zenillia terrosa Mesnil replaces Z. grisellina (Gardner). The following 12 new combinations are proposed: Carcelina shangfangshanica (Chao & Liang), Drino (Drino) interfrons (Sun & Chao), Drino (Zygobothria) hirtmacula (Liang & Chao), Erythrocera longicornis (Sun & Chao) (a preoccupied name and replaced with Erythrocera neolongicornis O’Hara, Shima & Zhang, nomen novum), Isosturmia aureipollinosa (Chao & Zhou), Isosturmia setamacula (Chao & Liang), Isosturmia setula (Liang & Chao), Paratrixa flava (Shi), Phryno jilinensis (Sun), Phryno tibialis (Sun), Prosopodopsis ruficornis (Chao), and Takanomyia parafacialis (Sun & Chao). The following 19 new synonymies are proposed: Atylomyia chinensis Zhang & Ge with Tachina parallela Meigen (current name Bessa parallela), Atylomyia minutiungula Zhang & Wang with Ptychomyia remota Aldrich (current name Bessa remota), Carcelia (Carcelia) hainanensis Chao & Liang with Carcelia rasoides Baranov, Carcelia frontalis Baranov with Carcelia caudata Baranov, Carcelia hirtspila Chao & Shi with Carcelia (Parexorista) delicatula Mesnil (current name Carcelia (Euryclea) delicatula), Carcelia septima Baranov with Carcelia octava Baranov, Carcelia (Senometopia) dominantalis Chao & Liang with Carcelia quarta Baranov (current name Senometopia quarta), Carcelia (Senometopia) maculata Chao & Liang with Carcelia octava Baranov, Drino hersei Liang & Chao with Sturmia atropivora RobineauDesvoidy (current name Drino (Zygobothria) atropivora), Eucarcelia nudicauda Mesnil with Carcelia octava Baranov, Isopexopsis Sun & Chao with Takanomyia Mesnil, Mikia nigribasicosta Chao & Zhou withBombyliomyia apicalis Matsumura (current name Mikia apicalis), Parasetigena jilinensis Chao & Mao with Phorocera (Parasetigena) agilis takaoi Mesnil (current name Parasetigena takaoi), Phebellia latisurstyla Chao & Chen with Phebellia latipalpis Shima (current name Prooppia latipalpis), Servillia linabdomenalis Chao with Servillia cheni Chao (current name Tachina (Tachina) cheni), Servillia planiforceps Chao with Tachina sobria Walker, Spiniabdomina Shi with Paratrixa Brauer & Bergenstamm, Tachina kunmingensis Chao & Arnaud with Tachina sobria Walker, and Thecocarcelia tianpingensis Sun & Chao with Drino (Isosturmia) chatterjeeana japonica Mesnil (current name Isosturmia japonica). Musca libatrix Panzer is a nomen protectum and Musca libatrix Scopoli and Musca libatrix Geoffroy are nomina oblita. Similarly, Redtenbacheria insignis Egger is a nomen protectum and Redtenbacheria spectabilis Schiner is a nomen oblitum. Lectotypes are designated for the following 12 nominal species based on name-bearing type material in CNC: Akosempomyia caudata Villeneuve, Blepharipoda schineri Mesnil, Carcelia puberula Mesnil, Compsoptesis phoenix Villeneuve, Ectophasia antennata Villeneuve, Gymnosoma brevicorne Villeneuve, Kosempomyia tibialis Villeneuve, Phasia pusilla Meigen, Tachina fallax pseudofallax Villeneuve, Tachina chaoi Mesnil, Wagneria umbrinervis Villeneuve, and Zambesa claripalpis Villeneuve.China is an expansive country of 9.6 million square kilometers in eastern Asia. It is a land of physical and ecological extremes: southern subtropical and tropical forests, richly diverse southwestern mountains, towering Himalayas, harsh and inhospitable Tibetan Plateau, western Tien Shan range, dry Taklimakan and Goli Deserts, northeastern temperate broadleaf and coniferous forests, and eastern fertile plains and lesser mountains. Along its southern and western borders are portions of four of the world’s 34 “biodiversity hotspots”, places recognized by Conservation International for their high endemicity and threatened habitat. These are the Indo-Burma hotspot, Mountains of Southwest China hotspot (particularly Hengduan Shan), Himalaya hotspot, and Mountains of Central Asia hotspot (represented in China by Tien Shan) (http:// www.biodiversityhotspots.org). These biodiversity hotspots, and other biodiverse places in China, have given rise to an endemic fauna and flora of significant size. In the plant world, for example, the Hengduan Shan is known as the hotbed of Rhododendron evolution with about 230 species. Among the vertebrates are such Chinese endemics as the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca), golden monkeys (Rhinopithecus spp.), baiji (Lipotes vexillifer), and brown eared pheasant (Crossoptilon mantchuricum). Less conspicuous, but many times more numerous in species, are the endemic invertebrates that have evolved within present-day China. Biogeographically, China is unique among the countries of the world in lying at the crossroads of the Palaearctic and Oriental Regions. Hence, for most groups of organisms, the species of China consist of a combination of Palaearctic, Oriental, and endemic elements. This is true also of the Tachinidae of China. The Tachinidae are one of the largest families of Diptera with almost 10,000 described species and many thousands of undescribed species (Stireman et al. 2006). The family is correspondingly diverse in China, but because the Chinese tachinid fauna is still in a period of discovery and study, it must be significantly larger than the numbers given here might suggest. We record 1109 species and 257 genera of Tachinidae from mainland China and Taiwan, the former number representing about 11% of the world’s described tachinid species. From mainland China we record 1040 species, which compares to 754 and 832 species recorded from the same area by Chao et al. (1998) and Hua (2006), respectively. Our higher number is partly a reflection of species described from China since those works, or described from elsewhere and recently recognized from China, but a significant number of species were presumably overlooked by Chao et al. (1998) and Hua (2006) in the voluminous literature that exists on Chinese insects. The Chinese tachinid fauna has very few endemic genera and none of significant size, but has 403 species recorded as endemic to China plus Taiwan. This represents 36% of the total tachinid fauna. We record 343 species as endemic to mainland China and 32 species as endemic to Taiwan. The total number of species recorded from Taiwan is 231; some of these species are shared with the Oriental Region but not with mainland China.
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8

Kumar, Amit, Yogesh Dubey, and Advait Edgaonkar. "Avian diversity in a fragmented landscape of central Indian forests (Bhopal Forest Circle)." Journal of Threatened Taxa 13, no. 5 (April 26, 2021): 18177–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.6528.13.5.18177-18188.

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With increasing fragmentation of natural areas and a dramatic reduction of forest cover in several parts of the world, quantifying the impact of such changes on species richness and community dynamics has been a subject of much concern. Therefore, this study intends to assess avifaunal biodiversity in fragmented forests. Forest patches between the sizes of 10ha and 700ha were identified in Bhopal Forest Circle (BFC), which covers the Vindhyan plateau. Forest patches were classified based on their size and degree of isolation. A sample of 21 forest fragments was selected using proportional sampling. Bird surveys were conducted using the point count method at each site. Three replicates were taken at each site. Avian species richness of each patch was calculated. The results suggest that species richness is positively associated with the size of the forest patches. Larger forest patches such as Binapur (166ha, Chao 1= 73), Sayar (107ha, Chao 1= 78) and Kalyanpura (133ha, Chao 1= 80) had relatively high species richness, except for patches including Narsinghgarh (393ha, Chao 1= 28) and Singota (184ha, Chao 1= 45) with high levels of anthropogenic disturbance. Smaller forest patches were found to have fewer bird species, although small forest patches with lesser degrees of anthropogenic disturbance such as Lalghati (99ha, Chao 1 = 62), Lasudli (16ha, Chao 1 = 65), Ghot (36ha, Chao 1 = 53), and Nasipur (23ha, Chao 1 =52) were more diverse than other patches. These patches were more protected due to being sacred groves (Lalghati and Lasudli) or under private ownership (Ghot and Nasipur). A total of 131 bird species were recorded from all the sampled forest patches. These results suggest that forest patches embedded in an agrarian landscape play a vital role in conserving biodiversity, hence conservation efforts should also be focused on these forest fragments.
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9

Sun, Zexi (Jesse). "National Deliverance through Culture or of Culture? T. C. Chao on Christianity and Chinese Culture." International Bulletin of Mission Research 43, no. 4 (March 21, 2019): 335–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2396939319836251.

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This article traces the theological evolution in the thought of T. C. Chao regarding national deliverance as it related to Chinese culture. Although Chao never wavered on the significance of Christianity in national reconstruction, his position on the relationship between Chinese culture and Christianity shows significant theological reorientation. In his earlier works Chao tried to clothe Christianity with a Chinese fabric, emphasizing the immanence of the faith by making it culturally relevant to his compatriots. Later, “caught by truth” in a Japanese prison, Chao instead turned to Christian transcendence as the necessary corrective for the challenges and crises in Chinese culture and society.
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10

Seliman, Helen. "Chi-Chao Chan: passion is very important for the success." Journal of Eye Science 1 (October 11, 2016): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/jes.2016.09.12.

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Seliman, Helen. "Chi-Chao Chan: passion is very important for the success." ASVIDE 3 (September 2016): 379. http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/asvide.2016.379.

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12

Fujii, Kohei, Kenichi Tsukahara, Hironori Hayashi, Yasuhiro Mitani, Hiro Ikemi, Cham Tau Chia, and Yukihiro Shimatani. "Investigation Report on the Flooding Condition in the Midstream Area of Chao Praya River During the Thai Flooding in 2011." Journal of Disaster Research 8, no. 3 (June 1, 2013): 424–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2013.p0424.

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Various investigations about the flood condition and dam operation have been conducted on 2011 Chao Praya river flooding. Investigations about the lower reaches of the Chao Praya river, which was heavily damaged, have been conducted, but investigation reports about the flood form of the midstream Chao Praya river, i.e., upstream where the Ping and Nan rivers meet, have hardly been reported. This investigation sorts out the conditions of flooding and the reservoir of the midstream Chao Praya river and the reflow into river channels fromthe floodplain, which is reflooding, inspects them based on field investigations and considers the possibility of reducing flood damage in the lower reaches using the floodplain in the midstream area.
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13

Tu, ZP, XZ Lin, QM Huang, WJ Cai, HY Feng, and LY Ye. "Photosynthetic Characterisation of Rice Varieties in Relation to Growth Irradiance." Functional Plant Biology 15, no. 2 (1988): 277. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pp9880277.

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The growth irradiances in the primary habitats of newly popularised Chinese rice 'Gui-Chao 2' and modern U.S. rice varieties 'Bellemont' and 'Lemont' are quite different, with only 2-8 h sunshine per day in Guangzhou, China, and 8-12 h sunshine per day in Texas, U.S.A. The U.S. varieties Bellemont and Lemont adapted to higher photon irradiance, showing increase of photosynthesis and increase of leaf thickness under high photon irradiance (1000 �mol photons m-2 s-1). Bright light reduced leaf chlorophyll content less in Bellemont than in Gui-Chao 2. The Chinese variety Gui-Chao 2 seemed adapted to low photon irradiance, showed delayed leaf senescence and retained higher photosynthetic rate after 20 days shading treatment. Thus, the yield reduction under shading of Gui-Chao 2 was less than that of Bellemont. After treatment for 9 days at 1000 �mol photons m-2 s-1, the quantum yield and light- and CO2-saturated photosynthesis of Gui-Chao 2 was lower than that of Lemont, suggesting possible photoinhibition in Gui-Chao 2 under high irradiance. It was proposed that these varieties represent two light-intensity ecotypes of rice. The possible application of this research to rice breeding and agricultural cultivation is discussed.
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Alghifari, M. K., A. Mardiastuti, and Y. A. Mulyani. "Patch size does not always indicate bird species diversity: case in peri-urban tropical habitat in Riau, Indonesia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 948, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 012028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/948/1/012028.

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Abstract Larger patches generally are inhabited by higher species richness, including birds, as predicted by the island biogeography theory. The objective of this research was to reveal the response of bird species richness in different patch sizes in peri-urban habitat. The study site area was five patches (2 large patches near human activities, remote large patch with a small lake, small patch, corridor patch) of disturbed secondary shrub-forest in Riau University, Sumatra. Birds were observed using the standard point-counts in early morning and late afternoon (8 points/patch, 3 replicates, total 40 observation-hour) in March-April 2021. Species richness (S), Shannon-Wiener diversity indices (H’), Chao species prediction, and Bray-Curtis similarity indices (B) were calculated. Total of 979 individual birds were observed, consisted of 68 species from 28 families with B ranged from 0.573 to 0.846. Large patch with lake in remote area had the highest species richness (S:39 species, Chao:54) and H’ (3.097). However, two large patches closed to human activities had the lowest number of species (S:27, Chao:30, H’:2.908, and S:23, Chao:32, H’:2.938, respectively), even lower than small patch (S:30, Chao:40, H’:2.925) or corridor patch (S:34; Chao:51, H’:2.724). Clearly human disturbance and micro-habitat diversity affect species richness in a local scale.
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Chao, Manu, and François Bensignor. "Manu Chao, voyageur solidaire." Hommes et Migrations 1234, no. 1 (2001): 130–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/homig.2001.4847.

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Twitchell, Jeffrey, Liu Sola, Richard King, and Martha Cheung. "Chao and All That." Chinese Literature: Essays, Articles, Reviews (CLEAR) 17 (December 1995): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/495568.

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17

Sangren, P. Steven. ": Chinese Kinship . Paul Chao." American Anthropologist 88, no. 1 (March 1986): 212–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/aa.1986.88.1.02a00530.

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18

Chao, Lin. "Reply from Lin Chao." Trends in Ecology & Evolution 7, no. 8 (August 1992): 278. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-5347(92)90177-d.

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Rosan, Alan M. "Organic Reactions in Aqueous Media (Li, Chao-Jun; Chan, Tak-Hang)." Journal of Chemical Education 77, no. 6 (June 2000): 707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed077p707.

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20

Gorbanev, Sergei, Sergei Syurin, and Aleksandr Kovshov. "Features of Occupational Health Risks in the Russian Arctic (on the Example of Nenets Autonomous Okrug and Chukotka Autonomous Okrug)." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 3 (January 25, 2021): 1061. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18031061.

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Working in the Arctic increases the risk of occupational diseases, which is especially important in the context of acute shortage of manpower in the region. The purpose of the study was to comparatively evaluate the working conditions and occupational pathology in Nenets Autonomous Okrug (NAO) and Chukotka Autonomous Okrug (ChAO) of Russia. We analyzed the results of socio-hygienic monitoring “Working Conditions and Occupational Morbidity” in 2008–2018. Despite similar climatic and socio-economic conditions, significant differences exist in the health risks of the working populations of the two regions. In NAO two-thirds of workers were employed at facilities with satisfactory sanitary and epidemiological well-being, while in ChAO only 13% of workers had such conditions. In NAO, almost all occupational diseases (93.2%) were due to exposure to noise among civil aviation workers. In ChAO, health problems mainly occurred among miners (81.5%). The most common of these were noise effects on the inner ear (35.2%), chronic bronchitis (23.1%), and mono- and polyneuropathies (12.5%). In 2008–2018, the occupational pathology risk in ChAO was higher than in NAO: RR = 2.79; CI 2.09–3.71. Thus, specificity of technological processes and forms of labor organization create significant differences in health risks for workers. It is necessary to use modern mining equipment to decrease the occupational morbidity in ChAO. In NAO, this effect can be achieved by updating the fleet of civil aviation.
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Zhou, Zuren, Brian F. Glenister, and W. M. Furnish. "Endemic Permian ammonoid genus Yinoceras, central Hunan, south China." Journal of Paleontology 76, no. 3 (May 2002): 424–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000037288.

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Revision and redefinition of the Permian ammonoid genus Yinoceras Chao, 1954, is based upon examination of the holotype of its type species, Y. lenticulare Chao, plus new material collected from the Kungurian Dangchong Formation of central Hunan, China. Yinoceras is a valid yinoceratin genus within the pseudohaloritid Superfamily Pseudohaloritoidea, Suborder Tornoceratina, Order Goniatitida.
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Poinsot, Marie. "La logique harmonieuse du chao." Hommes & migrations, no. 1304 (October 1, 2013): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/hommesmigrations.2626.

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23

Shi, Hu. "The Biography of Li Chao." Chinese Studies in History 31, no. 2 (December 1997): 36–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/csh0009-4633310236.

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Grabau, A. W. "MEMORIAL OF YATSENG T. CHAO." Bulletin of the Geological Society of China 8, no. 3 (May 29, 2009): 257–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-6724.1929.mp8003007.x.

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Kang, Cheol-In, and Seung Ji Kang. "Reply to Su and Chao." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 34, no. 2 (February 2013): 216–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/669078.

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Stevenson, Deborah. "American Panda by Gloria Chao." Bulletin of the Center for Children's Books 71, no. 6 (2018): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bcc.2018.0086.

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Soler, T., and B. H. W. Van Gelder. "Reply to Liu and Chao." Geophysical Journal International 113, no. 1 (April 1993): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.1993.tb02548.x.

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de Bary, Wm Theodore. "Chao-ying Fang (1908–1985)." Journal of Asian Studies 45, no. 5 (November 1986): 1127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021911800127494.

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Gisbert, Javier P., and Julián Panés. "Response to Chao and Mulani." American Journal of Gastroenterology 104, no. 9 (September 2009): 2354–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ajg.2009.378.

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30

Greenberg, Yoel. "‘Ordo ab Chao’: The Fugue as Chaos in the Early Twentieth Century." Music and Letters 99, no. 1 (February 1, 2018): 74–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ml/gcy010.

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31

Kočárek, Petr, and Fang-Shuo Hu. "An Immature Dermapteran Misidentified as an Adult Zorapteran: The Case of Formosozoros newi Chao & Chen, 2000." Insects 14, no. 1 (January 5, 2023): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects14010053.

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Zoraptera shows extreme uniformity in general body morphology, with the exception of Formosozoros (=Zorotypus) newi Chao & Chen, 2000, which stands out in terms of the shape and arrangement of its legs, the cerci, and several other morphological characters. After critical evaluation, we found that this species is not a zorapteran but is instead a nymph (1st instar) of an earwig; i.e., F. newi is a dermapteran. Because of the lack of morphological descriptions of Dermaptera nymphs that would allow species identification, and because the type material of F. newi is lost, a more detailed classification is not possible. We therefore propose that the genus name Formosozoros Chao & Chen, 2000 and the species name Formosozoros newi Chao & Chen, 2000 are nomina dubia.
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Chao, C. C. K. "Damage-recognition proteins as a potential indicator of DNA-damage-mediated sensitivity or resistance of human cells to ultraviolet radiation." Biochemical Journal 282, no. 1 (February 15, 1992): 203–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2820203.

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We have previously identified damage-recognition proteins that bind to cisplatin[cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II), a DNA cross-linking agent]- or u.v.-modified DNA in HeLa cells [Chao, Huang, Huang & Lin-Chao (1991) Mol. Cell. Biol. 11, 2075-2080; Chao, Huang, Lee & Lin-Chao (1991) Biochem. J. 277, 875-878]. In the present study we compared damage-recognition proteins in cells expressing different sensitivities to DNA damage. An increase in damage-recognition proteins and an enhancement of plasmid re-activation were detected in HeLa cells resistant to cisplatin and u.v. However, repair-defective cells derived from xeroderma-pigmentosum (a rare skin disease) patients did not express less cisplatin damage-recognition proteins than repair-competent cells, suggesting that damage-recognition-protein expression may not be related to DNA repair. By contrast, cells resistant to DNA damage consistently expressed high levels of u.v.-modified-DNA damage-recognition proteins. The results support the notion that u.v. damage-recognition proteins are different from those that bind to cisplatin. These findings also suggest that the damage-recognition proteins identified could be used as potential indicators of the sensitivity or resistance of cells to u.v.
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Cai, Ming Shan. "Weak Signal Detection Principle Based on Chaotic Duffing Oscillator and its Simulation Method." Advanced Materials Research 108-111 (May 2010): 834–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.108-111.834.

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Based on Matlab as the software platform, chaos detection principle and methods used for weak signals detection are studied. The model used for simulation is established, then the simulation results of weak periodic signal detection in strong noise atmosphere are given and the steps for detecting weak signals with chaos method are listed. Furthermore, the influence of sampling period on system’s performance is studied. Simulation results show that the chao detection approach proposed in this paper can detect the signal even if it is small to 10-10v, and even when it is in the environment with strong noise, small signal with magnitude of only 5×10-9 v can be found. Chaos method has strong capability for weak signal detection which lay important foundation for exploiting virtual instrument.
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HE, LI, SHI-PIN CHEN, and ZHI-XIANG ZHANG. "Taxonomy and nomenclature of Salix muliensis, S. wuxuhaiensis and S. floccosa." Phytotaxa 286, no. 4 (December 5, 2016): 277. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.286.4.6.

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Salix muliensis Goerz was originally described based on three collections. The specimens in these collections belong to two different taxa (S. muliensis and S. wuxuhaiensis N. Chao). Chinese authors have in many cases misapplied S. muliensis to S. floccosa Burkill. The names S. muliensis, S. occidentalisinensis N. Chao and S. wuxuhaiensis are lectotypified, and S. occidentalisinensis is treated as a synonym of S. muliensis.
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Nonthavisarut, Payungporn, and Pathom Hongsuwan. "The Myths of Chao Pho Pak Hueng: The Dynamic of the Sacred Narratives and the Construction of Social Space in Thailao Border Communities." MANUSYA 16, no. 2 (2013): 14–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26659077-01602002.

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This article is responding to 2 questions: 1) what roles do the myths of Chao Pho Pak Hueng (Chao Ong Luang) , the sacred narratives found near the Thai-Lao borderland in the Pak Hueng community of Chiang Khan District, Loei Province, Thailand and in the Pak Nam Hueng community of Ken Thao, Xayabouly Province, Laos, play in constructing a physical sacred space and a spiritual sacred space through personal symbols, objects, places and rituals, and culturally, what do they communicate?; 2) what roles do the dynamic sacred narratives on Chao Pho Pak Hueng play in constructing a social space for the Thai-Lao borderland people in relation to the social and the political contexts? The analysis was based on symbols, symbolic meanings, concepts of sacred space and social space.
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NURHIKMAYANI, RISKY, BUDI SETIADI DARYONO, and ENDAH RETNANINGRUM. "The Isolation and molecular identification of antimicrobial-producing Lactic Acid Bacteria from chao, South Sulawesi (Indonesia) fermented fish product." Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity 20, no. 4 (March 22, 2019): 1063–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d200418.

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Abstract. Nurhikmayani R, Daryono BS, Retnaningrum E. 2019. Isolation and molecular identification of antimicrobial-producing Lactic Acid Bacteria from chao, South Sulawesi (Indonesia) fermented fish product. Biodiversitas 20: 1063-1068. Chao is traditional fermented fish made of anchovy (Stolephorus sp.), rice, salt, and fermented naturally on controlled environment. The product comes from Pangkep Regency, South Sulawesi. Chao has the potential for the source of high-grade lactic acid bacteria isolates, especially for antimicrobial compound. Antimicrobial compound produced by lactic acid bacteria is a biopreservative compound with many advantages. The purposes of this investigation were to isolate antimicrobial-producing lactic acid bacteria from chao and to identify their isolates based on the molecular properties. Lactic acid bacteria were isolated from chao using Man Ragosa Sharpe Agar (MRSA) medium added with 0.1 % CaCO3, followed by the ability test to produce antimicrobial compound against Staphylococcus aureus FNCC 0047 as an indicator. The spectrum of crude antimicrobial as cell-free supernatant (CFS) was determined by antagonism against S. aureus FNCC 0047 and Escherichia coli FNCC 0049 on agar well diffusion test. Selected isolates of antimicrobial-producing lactic acid bacteria molecularly identified from 16S rRNA marker using primer 27F and 1492R. We obtained four isolates of lactic acid bacteria that showed the antimicrobial activity. This crude antimicrobial compound could inhibit both gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus FNCC0047 and gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli FNCC0049. The highest crude antimicrobial activity of isolates was observed on IB1C strain. The results of molecular characterization suggested that the IB1C and IB3B strain were identified as Lactobacillus plantarum, whereas IB3E and IB3F were identified as Pediococcus pentosaceus.
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Colán Garay, Omar Oswaldo, and Sandra Elizabeth Pagador Flores. "Diagnóstico y caracterización de residuos sólidos del distrito de chao, Región La Libertad, de marzo a mayo 2011." REVISTA TECNOLOGÍA & DESARROLLO 11, no. 1 (February 25, 2016): 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.18050/td.v11i1.681.

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 El presente trabajo se realizó con el objetivo de caracterizar los residuos sólidos (RR,SS.) en el Distrito de Chao, Provincia de Virú, Región La Libertad, Perú. El estudio se realizó entre los meses de marzo a abril del 2011, se trabajó con lametodología propuesta por el Centro Panamericano de Ingeniería Sanitaria (C.E.P.I.S.). Se trabajó con una muestra de 69 viviendas de los sectores Chao Alto, Chao ciudad y Nuevo Chao. Durante 08 días seguidos se recolectaron todos los residuos sólidos producidos por las viviendas muestras, se determinaron los pesos de residuos sólidos de cada vivienda, posteriormente se realizó una segregación de los RR.SS. de cada vivienda según el tipo de componente. Con las mismas muestras se determinó la producción per cápita, producción diaria, porcentaje de humedad y densidad de los RR.SS. Se determinó la producción per cápita de RR.SS. en 0.511 Kg./hab/día, la producción diaria del distrito de 10.47 Ton/día, la densidad 232.61 Kg/m3 y la humedad de 53.20 %. El mayor porcentaje de los RR.SS. está compuesto de materia orgánica con 70%, el papel periódico representa el 4.79 %; el cartón representa el 2.12 % y las botellas plásticas 2.34 % de los RR.SS. del distrito.
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Ichimura, Shohei. "On the Paradoxical Method of the Chinese Mādhyamika: Seng-Chao and the Chao-Lun Treatise." Journal of Chinese Philosophy 19, no. 1 (February 10, 1992): 51–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15406253-01901003.

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ICHIMURA, SHOHEI. "ON THE PARADOXICAL METHOD OF THE CHINESE MĀDHYAMIKA: SENG-CHAO AND THE CHAO-LUN TREATISE." Journal of Chinese Philosophy 19, no. 1 (March 1992): 51–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6253.1992.tb00110.x.

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40

Li, He, Shuai Liao, and Zhixiang Zhang. "Nomenclature and taxonomy of Salix floccosa, S. opsimantha and S. austrotibetica." Phytotaxa 201, no. 2 (February 27, 2015): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.201.2.6.

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Salix floccosa Burkill was originally described based on a mixed collection of two different taxa. Chinese authors in many cases identified S. floccosa, although the species should correctly be named S. austrotibetica N. Chao. The name S. floccosa is lectotypified. S. spodiophylla Handel-Mazzetti, S. dolia var. lineariloba N. Chao, S. eriostachya var. lineariloba (N. Chao) G.H. Zhu, S. spodiophylla f. liocarpa K.S. Hao ex C.F. Fang & A.K. Skvortsov and S. spodiophylla var. liocarpa (K.S. Hao ex C.F. Fang & A.K. Skvortsov) G.H. Zhu are recognized as S. floccosa; S. annulifera var. glabra P.Y. Mao & W.Z. Li and S. floccosa (pro parte) are synonymised with S. opsimantha C.K. Schneider; S. floccosa var. leiogyna P.Y. Mao & W.Z. Li is treated as a synonym of S. austrotibetica. Furthermore, the circumscription of S. austrotibetica is emended to include partly downy to densely downy ovary.
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41

Widhalm, Kurt. "Obesity in children/adolescents | Editorial CHAO." Child and Adolescent Obesity 5, no. 1 (January 13, 2022): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/2574254x.2021.2019556.

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42

Kroll, Paul W. "The Memories of Lu Chao-lin." Journal of the American Oriental Society 109, no. 4 (October 1989): 581. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/604082.

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Nelson, Heidi, Daniel Sargent, and Vassiliki Tsikitis. "Reply to M. Chao et al." Journal of Clinical Oncology 27, no. 36 (December 20, 2009): e281-e281. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.25.6669.

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44

Stevenson, Deborah. "Our Wayward Fate by Gloria Chao." Bulletin of the Center for Children's Books 73, no. 3 (2019): 112–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bcc.2019.0737.

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45

Namsai, Matharit, Warit Charoenlerkthawin, Supakorn Sirapojanakul, William C. Burnett, and Butsawan Bidorn. "Did the Construction of the Bhumibol Dam Cause a Dramatic Reduction in Sediment Supply to the Chao Phraya River?" Water 13, no. 3 (February 2, 2021): 386. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13030386.

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The Bhumibol Dam on Ping River, Thailand, was constructed in 1964 to provide water for irrigation, hydroelectric power generation, flood mitigation, fisheries, and saltwater intrusion control to the Great Chao Phraya River basin. Many studies, carried out near the basin outlet, have suggested that the dam impounds significant sediment, resulting in shoreline retreat of the Chao Phraya Delta. In this study, the impact of damming on the sediment regime is analyzed through the sediment variation along the Ping River. The results show that the Ping River drains a mountainous region, with sediment mainly transported in suspension in the upper and middle reaches. By contrast, sediment is mostly transported as bedload in the lower basin. Variation of long-term total sediment flux data suggests that, while the Bhumibol Dam does effectively trap sediment, there was only a 5% reduction in sediment supply to the Chao Phraya River system because of sediment additions downstream.
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López-Gómez, Ana María, and Guadalupe Williams-Linera. "Evaluación de métodos no paramétricos para la estimación de riqueza de especies de plantas leñosas en cafetales." Botanical Sciences, no. 78 (June 3, 2017): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.17129/botsci.1717.

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Shade-grown coffee plantations are part of the regional landscape and may contribute to the diversity of woody plants. Tree species richness was evaluated in eight active and abandoned coffee plantations. We used non-parametric (ACE, ICE, Chao 1, Chao 2, Jackknife 1, Jackknife 2, Bootstrap) and asymptotic models (Clench, Linear) to compare observed or sampled richness with estimated richness. The precision of the estimators was evaluated as bias and accuracy through the comparison of estimated richness and true (or total) richness values. Observed richness was 55 tree species in active coffee plantations and 61 species in abandoned plantations. Most species showed a clumped distribution. In no case did species-accumulation curves reach an asymptote. ICE and Chao 2 displayed the best performance. Parametric models were the least precise and Jackknife 2 was the most precise. Non-parametric estimators have disadvantages, but they appear to be appropriate to estimate richness in managed systems such as coffee plantations.
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Baird, Ian G. "From Champasak to Cambodia: Ya Chao Tham (Chao Thammatheva), a Wily and Influential Ethnic Lao Leader." Aséanie 23, no. 1 (2009): 31–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/asean.2009.2081.

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Bachvarova, Darina, Aleksandar Doichinov, and Rasim Halilov. "Comparative analysis of the myriapod fauna (Diplopoda, Chilopoda) of the Shumen Plateau and the Madara Plateau (Northeastern Bulgaria)." Acta Scientifica Naturalis 9, no. 3 (November 1, 2022): 36–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/asn-2022-0020.

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Abstract At present, the inventory lists of the Myriapoda of many geographical areas in Bulgaria and the comparative analyzes of the similarity between such local faunas are scarce or completely missing. The present paper presents the results of the comparative analysis of α- and β-diversity of the myriapoda communities in natural habitats in two regions in Northeastern Bulgaria – the Shumen Plateau and the Madara Plateau. The compared habitats in these plateaus have similar geographical, soil and climatic conditions, and similar species composition of plant formations. The analysis of the structure of the myriapoda communities included estimation of species diversity by determining the Shannon-Wiever index (H’) and the Berger-Parker index (d). The degree of similarity between the species composition of the communities was analyzed by the Czekanowski-Dice-Sörensen, Jaccard, Bray-Curtis, Horn, Morisita-Horn indices and the corrected Chao-Sörensen and Chao-Jaccard indices. The species diversity of the millipede community in the Shumen Plateau is much greater than that of the Madara Plateau, while the diversity of the centipede communities in the two plateaus does not differ significantly. In both classes the greatest species diversity is registered in deciduous and mixed deciduous-coniferous forests. Chao-Sörensen and Chao-Jaccard indices of similarity for the myriapod communities in these habitats are the highest, approaching 1, in contrast to the other sites where the registered species composition of the centipedes is smaller and the degree of similarity is about 0.6.
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Lv, Yan, Gang Ren, and Xiaojun Ren. "Changes of Intestinal Flora and Lymphocyte Subsets in Patients with Chronic Renal Failure." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2021 (October 15, 2021): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/4288739.

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Objective. To explore the changes of intestinal flora and lymphocyte subsets in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF). Methods. 60 CRF patients who were treated from June 2018 to June 2019 were selected; 60 healthy persons were selected as the control group. 16S rDNA was used to detect the expression of Lactobacillus, Enterobacteriaceae, Enterococcus, Bacteroides, Clostridium, and Bifidobacterium in the feces of the two groups. Illumina Miseq sequencing (Solexa sequencing technology) method was used to analyze the structural differences and species diversity of intestinal flora, including species richness index (Chao) and diversity index (Shannon, Simpson). Flow cytometry was used to detect the levels of lymphocytes and their subgroups of the two groups. Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between Chao and lymphocyte subsets. Results. The number of Enterobacteriaceae and Enterococcus in CRF group were higher than those in the control group ( P < 0.05 ), while the Lactobacillus, Bacteroides, Clostridium, and Bifidobacterium were opposite ( P < 0.05 ). The Simpson index of the CRF group was lower than that of the control group, while the Chao index and Shannon index were opposite ( P < 0.05 ). The levels of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, and CD4+/CD8+ in the CRF group were lower than those in the control group, while the levels of CD14+, CD19+, and CD16+/CD56+ were opposite ( P < 0.05 ). The intestinal flora Chao index of CRF group was negatively correlated with the levels of CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ (r = −0.692, P = 0.019 ; r = −0.669, P = 0.021 ; r = −0.603, P = 0.028 ). The intestinal flora Chao of CRF group is positively correlated with the level of CD14+ and CD16+/CD56+ (r = 0.615, P = 0.026 ; r = 0.758, P = 0.016 ). Conclusion. There are intestinal flora disorder and the imbalance of immune function in CRF patients, which are mainly manifested in the change of intestinal flora structure, the increase of richness and diversity of intestinal flora, and the decrease of lymphocyte subgroups. There is correlation between the imbalance of intestinal colony and the imbalance of immune function.
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GRUDPAN, CHAIWUT, and JARUNGJIT GRUDPAN. "Thryssocypris wongrati, a new anchovy-like cyprinid (Cypriniformes) from the Chao Phraya basin, Thailand." Zootaxa 3586, no. 1 (December 14, 2012): 228. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3586.1.21.

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Thryssocypris wongrati, a new species of cyprinid from the Chao Phraya basin, Thailand, is distinguished from all otherspecies of Thryssocypris by having a combination of the origin of the dorsal fin behind the origin of the anal fin, 37–40lateral-line scales, 16 circumpeduncular scales, and a dark spot at the base of the caudal fin. Thryssocypris wongrati oc-cupies the lower part of the Chao Phraya basin where it has been recorded from irrigation canals in Sing-Buri up to the most northern part of the basin in the Nan River in Phitsanulok Province.
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