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1

MIYAJIMA, Teruyuki. "Channel Shortening." IEICE ESS Fundamentals Review 10, no. 1 (2016): 14–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/essfr.10.1_14.

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2

Colavolpe, Giulio, Andrea Modenini, and Fredrik Rusek. "Channel Shortening for Nonlinear Satellite Channels." IEEE Communications Letters 16, no. 12 (December 2012): 1929–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2012.102612.121929.

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3

Miyajima, Teruyuki, and Tsukasa Takahashi. "Mutually Referenced Channel Shortening." IEEE Communications Letters 21, no. 1 (January 2017): 48–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2016.2615877.

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4

Modenini, Andrea, Fredrik Rusek, and Giulio Colavolpe. "Adaptive Rate-Maximizing Channel-Shortening for ISI Channels." IEEE Communications Letters 19, no. 12 (December 2015): 2090–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2015.2489648.

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5

Rusek, Fredrik, and Adnan Prlja. "Optimal Channel Shortening for MIMO and ISI Channels." IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 11, no. 2 (February 2012): 810–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/twc.2011.121911.110809.

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6

Al-Dhahir, N. "FIR channel-shortening equalizers for MIMO ISI channels." IEEE Transactions on Communications 49, no. 2 (2001): 213–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/26.905867.

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7

Hiraoka, Masayasu, and Tetsushi Furukawa. "Functional Modulation of Cardiac ATP-Sensitive K+ Channels." Physiology 13, no. 3 (June 1998): 131–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiologyonline.1998.13.3.131.

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ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channels are inhibited by intracellular ATP, but MgATP is necessary to maintain the channel activity. Numerous cofactors modulate channel function. K+ channel openers activate and sulfonylureas inhibit KATP channels. The structure of cardiac KATP channel is a complex of mainly KIR6.2 and SUR2a. Activation of cardiac KATP channels contributes to action potential shortening during ischemia and plays a role in cardioprotection.
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8

Modenini, Andrea, Fredrik Rusek, and Giulio Colavolpe. "Optimal Transmit Filters for ISI Channels under Channel Shortening Detection." IEEE Transactions on Communications 61, no. 12 (December 2013): 4997–5005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2013.110813.130385.

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9

Wang, Wenxu, Puheng Yang, Zhixu Jian, Honglei Li, Yalan Xing, and Shichao Zhang. "Rational design of a 3D MoS2/dual-channel graphene framework hybrid as a free-standing electrode for enhanced lithium storage." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 6, no. 28 (2018): 13797–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ta03272f.

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The unique 3D dual-channel graphene framework could improve electron transport by GF channels possessing high electrical conductivity and facilitate Li ion diffusion by GA channels shortening the diffusion pathways.
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10

Husain, S. I., J. Yuan, and J. Zhang. "Modified channel shortening receiver based on MSSNR algorithm for UWB channels." Electronics Letters 43, no. 9 (2007): 535. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:20070584.

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11

Jabeur, T. Ben, K. Abed-Meraim, and H. Boujemaa. "Channel shortening techniques for differential encoded OFDM." Physical Communication 5, no. 1 (March 2012): 47–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phycom.2011.04.002.

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12

Kameyama, Hirokazu, Teruyuki Miyajima, and Zhi Ding. "Perfect Blind-Channel Shortening for Multicarrier Systems." IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers 55, no. 3 (April 2008): 851–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2008.916416.

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13

Martin, R. K., J. M. Walsh, and C. R. Johnson. "Low-complexity MIMO blind, adaptive channel shortening." IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing 53, no. 4 (April 2005): 1324–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2005.843697.

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14

Toker, Cenk, Sangarapillai Lambotharan, and Jonathon A. Chambers. "Joint Transceiver Design for MIMO Channel Shortening." IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing 55, no. 7 (July 2007): 3851–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2007.894231.

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15

Chopra, Aditya, and Brian Lawrence Evans. "Design of Sparse Filters for Channel Shortening." Journal of Signal Processing Systems 66, no. 3 (May 31, 2011): 259–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11265-011-0591-0.

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16

Hu, Sha, Xiang Gao, and Fredrik Rusek. "Linear Precoder Design for MIMO-ISI Broadcasting Channels Under Channel Shortening Detection." IEEE Signal Processing Letters 23, no. 9 (September 2016): 1207–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2016.2592968.

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17

Yao, Z., I. Cavero, and G. J. Gross. "Activation of cardiac KATP channels: an endogenous protective mechanism during repetitive ischemia." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 264, no. 2 (February 1, 1993): H495—H504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1993.264.2.h495.

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The role of KATP channels in myocardial stunning produced by repetitive coronary occlusions was studied in barbital-anesthetized dogs. Regional percent segment function (%SS) was measured by sonomicrometry, and the monophasic action potential (MAP) in the ischemic region was measured by an epicardial probe. Under control conditions, six 5-min periods of coronary occlusion, interspersed with 10-min periods of reperfusion, and ultimately followed by 2 h of reperfusion produced regional segment dysfunction and a similar rate and amount of shortening of the MAP measured at 50% repolarization duration (MAPD50) during each successive ischemic period. Pretreatment with glibenclamide (0.3 mg/kg iv), a KATP channel antagonist, significantly prevented the reduction of MAPD50, particularly during the first occlusion period, and it worsened postischemic dysfunction. In contrast, pretreatment with aprikalim (10 micrograms/kg bolus +/- 0.1 microgram.kg-1.min-1 iv), a KATP channel opener, accelerated the rate and extent of shortening of MAPD50 during each occlusion and markedly improved %SS throughout reperfusion. Pretreatment with d-sotalol (2 mg/kg iv), an antagonist of voltage-dependent K+ channels, significantly prolonged MAPD50 of the ischemic region before coronary occlusion but did not alter the rate of shortening of MAPD50 during ischemia and did not affect the recovery of %SS. These results indicate that activation of KATP channels during ischemia with the resultant shortening of the MAPD50 is an endogenous adaptive mechanism that affords functional myocardial protection during repetitive, brief periods of coronary arterial occlusion.
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18

Yao, Z., and G. J. Gross. "Activation of ATP-sensitive potassium channels lowers threshold for ischemic preconditioning in dogs." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 267, no. 5 (November 1, 1994): H1888—H1894. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1994.267.5.h1888.

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The purpose of the present study was to determine whether enhanced activation of myocardial ATP-dependent potassium channels (KATP) with a potassium channel opener, bimakalim, can reduce the time necessary to produce the protective effect of ischemic preconditioning and to determine whether this effect is mediated via accelerating the rate of action potential shortening during preconditioning. Barbital-anesthetized dogs were subjected to 60 min of left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) occlusion followed by 4 h of reperfusion. Ten minutes of preconditioning was found to markedly reduce myocardial infarct size from 30.6 +/- 4.7 to 7.1 +/- 2.6%. Subsequently, it was observed that either 3 min of LAD occlusion or a 3-min intracoronary infusion with 0.3 micrograms/min of bimakalim did not reduce myocardial infarct size. However, intracoronary infusion with bimakalim during the 3-min preconditioning period markedly reduced myocardial infarct size to a similar extent as that of ischemic preconditioning (12.2 +/- 1.9%). In addition, it was observed that bimakalim markedly accelerated the ischemia-induced shortening of the action potential during preconditioning. These results are the first to demonstrate that activation of KATP channels with a potassium channel opener reduces the threshold of time necessary to produce preconditioning in anesthetized dogs. These data also suggest that KATP channel activation may produce this effect by enhancing the rate of ischemic myocardial action potential shortening during preconditioning.
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19

Rusek, Fredrik, and Ove Edfors. "An Information Theoretic Characterization of Channel Shortening Receivers." IEEE Transactions on Communications 64, no. 4 (April 2016): 1490–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2016.2536664.

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20

Kamrul Hasan, Md, M. A. Haque, and T. Islam. "Spectrally constrained channel shortening using least-squares optimisation." IET Signal Processing 4, no. 6 (2010): 698. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-spr.2009.0272.

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21

Avinash, Mohan, and Hari K.V.S. "Low complexity adaptation for SISO channel shortening equalizers." AEU - International Journal of Electronics and Communications 66, no. 8 (August 2012): 600–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aeue.2012.03.011.

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22

Pitaval, Renaud-Alexandre. "Channel Shortening by Large Multiantenna Precoding in OFDM." IEEE Transactions on Communications 69, no. 5 (May 2021): 2878–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2021.3056117.

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23

Miyoshi, S., T. Miyazaki, K. Moritani, and S. Ogawa. "Different responses of epicardium and endocardium to KATP channel modulators during regional ischemia." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 271, no. 1 (July 1, 1996): H140—H147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1996.271.1.h140.

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We examined the responses of epicardial (Epi) and endocardial (Endo) layers to ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channel modulators during regional ischemia in anesthetized dogs. Five-minute occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery was repeated at 30-min interval. Monophasic action potentials (MAPs) and extracellular K+ concentrations ([K+]o) were measured at Epi and Endo layers. 5-Hydroxydecanoate (5-HD, 30 mg/kg iv), a KATP channel blocker, or nicorandil (NCR, 0.2-0.5 mg/kg iv), an opener, was administered before the third or fourth occlusion. Shortening rate of action potential duration at 90% repolarization (APD90) was greater at the Epi layer than at the Endo layer during the first 4 min after the second control occlusion (19.7 +/- 1.5 vs. 13.1 +/- 2.4%, n = 14, P < 0.05). 5-HD suppressed the shortening preferentially at the Epi layer and reduced the difference between the two layers (11.0 +/- 3.5 vs. 11.5 +/- 3.7%, n = 6, NS). In contrast, NCR augmented the shortening preferentially at the Epi layer and increased the difference between the two layers at 4 min (29.0 +/- 2.0 vs. 5.9 +/- 3.0%, n = 6, P < 0.05). The time differentiation of [K+]o rise was similar at the two layers during the control occlusion (0.44 vs. 0.50 mM/min, n = 12). 5-HD reduced the rate of [K+]o rise at both layers (0.34 vs. 0.40 mM/min), whereas NCR augmented the rate at the Epi layer (0.82 vs. 0.50 mM/min). Activation of KATP channels appears to be involved in ischemia-induced APD shortening and [K+]o rise. The different responses of the two layers suggest a lower threshold for activation and/or a denser distribution of KATP channels or other K+ channels at the Epi layer.
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24

Zhou, Shi-Sheng, Zhan Gao, Ling Dong, Yan-Feng Ding, Xiao-Dong Zhang, Yue-Min Wang, Jian-Ming Pei, Feng Gao, and Xin-Liang Ma. "Anion channels influence ECC by modulating L-type Ca2+ channel in ventricular myocytes." Journal of Applied Physiology 93, no. 5 (November 1, 2002): 1660–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00220.2002.

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Anion channels are extensively expressed in the heart, but their roles in cardiac excitation-contraction coupling (ECC) are poorly understood. We, therefore, investigated the effects of anion channels on cardiac ventricular ECC. Edge detection, fura 2 fluorescence measurements, and whole cell patch-clamp techniques were used to measure cell shortening, the intracellular Ca2+ transient, and the L-type Ca2+ current ( I Ca,L) in single rat ventricular myocytes. The anion channel blockers 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)benzoic acid (NPPB) and niflumic acid reversibly inhibited the Ca2+ transients and cell shortening in a dose-dependent manner. Comparable results were observed when the majority of the extracellular Cl− was replaced with the relatively impermeant anions glutamate (Glt−) and aspartate (Asp−). NPPB and niflumic acid or the Cl− substitutes did not affect the resting intracellular Ca2+ concentration but significantly inhibited I Ca,L. In contrast, replacement of extracellular Cl− with the permeant anions NO[Formula: see text], SCN−, and Br− supported the ECC and I Ca,L, which were still sensitive to blockade by NPPB. Exposure of cardiac ventricular myocytes to a hypotonic bath solution enhanced the amplitude of cell shortening and supported I Ca,L, whereas hypertonic stress depressed the contraction and I Ca,L. Moreover, cardiac contraction was completely abolished by NPPB (50 μM) under hypotonic conditions. It is concluded that a swelling-activated anion channel may be involved in the regulation of cardiac ECC through modulating L-type Ca2+ channel activity.
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25

Yan, Cang, Emmanuel A Mwangosi, and Naveed Ur Rehman. "Blind Equalization in OFDM Systems by Channel Shortening and Channel Diversity Exploitation." International Journal of Computer Applications 113, no. 1 (March 18, 2015): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/19793-1573.

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26

Toker, C., S. Lambotharan, J. A. Chambers, and B. Baykal. "Joint spatial and temporal channel-shortening techniques for frequency selective fading MIMO channels." IEE Proceedings - Communications 152, no. 1 (2005): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-com:20040965.

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27

Bouasria, F., A. Djebbari, and M. Chetioui. "A blind channel shortening for multiuser, multicarrier CDMA system over multipath fading channel." TELKOMNIKA (Telecommunication Computing Electronics and Control) 17, no. 4 (August 1, 2019): 1692. http://dx.doi.org/10.12928/telkomnika.v17i4.11400.

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28

Zhang, J., W. Ser, and J. Zhu. "Effective optimisation method for channel shortening in OFDM systems." IEE Proceedings - Communications 150, no. 2 (2003): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-com:20030172.

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29

MIYAJIMA, T., and Y. WATANABE. "Blind Channel Shortening for Block Transmission of Correlated Signals." IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences E91-A, no. 11 (November 1, 2008): 3095–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ietfec/e91-a.11.3095.

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30

Nawaz, R., and J. A. Chambers. "Blind adaptive channel shortening by single lag autocorrelation minimisation." Electronics Letters 40, no. 25 (2004): 1609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:20047210.

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31

Wahler, G. M. "Developmental increases in the inwardly rectifying potassium current of rat ventricular myocytes." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 262, no. 5 (May 1, 1992): C1266—C1272. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1992.262.5.c1266.

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The neonatal rat ventricular action potential has a shape similar to that of most adult mammals. However, shortly after birth, the action potential shortens to a spike-like configuration. The contribution of changes in repolarizing currents to the shortening is unclear. Thus the inwardly rectifying potassium current (IK1) was measured in heart cells from rats of varying ages using patch-clamp techniques. In freshly isolated cells, whole cell IK1 currents increased greatly between ages 3 and 9-13 days and remained constant thereafter. In culture, IK1 disappeared preferentially in older cells, obscuring the developmental increase. Age-dependent differences in single-channel activity were also observed. Adult cells had IK1 channels consisting of two populations (30 and 42 pS), whereas neonatal cells exhibited only the lower conductance channel. The appearance of the 42-pS channel may contribute a part of the developmental increase in IK1. It was concluded that IK1 increases during postnatal development of the rat ventricle and that this increase may contribute to the postnatal shortening of the rat ventricular action potential.
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32

Imamura, Y., H. Tomoike, T. Narishige, T. Takahashi, H. Kasuya, and A. Takeshita. "Glibenclamide decreases basal coronary blood flow in anesthetized dogs." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 263, no. 2 (August 1, 1992): H399—H404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1992.263.2.h399.

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The effects of ATP-sensitive K+ channel blockade on coronary blood flow were studied in 13 anesthetized open-chest dogs. A specific ATP-sensitive K+ channel blocker, glibenclamide, was infused into the left circumflex coronary artery (LCx). Coronary blood flow of LCx and systolic segment shortening at the LCx area were measured. Intracoronary infusion of glibenclamide (0.5, 5, and 50 micrograms.kg-1.min-1) decreased coronary blood flow dose dependently. Glibenclamide at the dose of 50 micrograms.kg-1.min-1 decreased LCx coronary blood flow by 55 +/- 4% (P less than 0.01), which was accompanied by a decrease in percentage segment shortening at the LCx area (P less than 0.01) and ST elevation. When coronary blood flow was maintained at the baseline level by simultaneous infusion of sodium nitroprusside (1-3 micrograms/min ic) or pinacidil (0.3-0.6 mg/min ic), glibenclamide did not alter percentage segment shortening or produced ST elevation. The latter results suggest that glibenclamide decreased coronary blood flow, which secondarily induced myocardial ischemia and dysfunction. Our results suggest that ATP-sensitive K+ channels of coronary arteries are involved in maintaining the level of resting coronary blood flow under physiological conditions in anesthetized dogs.
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33

Terzic, A., A. Jahangir, and Y. Kurachi. "Cardiac ATP-sensitive K+ channels: regulation by intracellular nucleotides and K+ channel-opening drugs." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 269, no. 3 (September 1, 1995): C525—C545. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1995.269.3.c525.

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ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channels are present at high density in membranes of cardiac cells where they regulate cardiac function during cellular metabolic impairment. KATP channels have been implicated in the shortening of the action potential duration and the cellular loss of K+ that occurs during metabolic inhibition. KATP channels have been associated with the cardioprotective mechanism of ischemia-related preconditioning. Intracellular ATP (ATPi) is the main regulator of KATP channels. ATPi has two functions: 1) to close the channel (ligand function) and 2) in the presence of Mg2+, to maintain the activity of KATP channels (presumably through an enzymatic reaction). KATP channel activity is modulated by intracellular nucleoside diphosphates that antagonize the ATPi-induced inhibition of channel opening or induce KATP channels to open. How nucleotides will affect KATP channels depends on the state of the channel. K+ channel-opening drugs are pharmacological agents that enhance KATP channel activity through different mechanisms and have great potential in the management of cardiovascular conditions. KATP channel activity is also modulated by neurohormones. Adenosine, through the activation of a GTP-binding protein, antagonizes the ATPi-induced channel closure. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that underlie KATP channel regulation should prove essential to further define the function of KATP channels and to elucidate the pharmacological regulation of this channel protein. Since the molecular structure of the KATP channel has now become available, it is anticipated that major progress in the KATP channel field will be achieved.
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34

Paajanen, Vesa, and Matti Vornanen. "Regulation of action potential duration under acute heat stress by IK,ATP and IK1 in fish cardiac myocytes." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 286, no. 2 (February 2004): R405—R415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00500.2003.

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The mechanism underlying temperature-dependent shortening of action potential (AP) duration was examined in the fish ( Carassius carassius L.) heart ventricle. Acute temperature change from +5 to +18°C (heat stress) shortened AP duration from 2.8 ± 0.3 to 1.3 ± 0.1 s in intact ventricles. In 56% (18 of 32) of enzymatically isolated myocytes, heat stress also induced reversible opening of ATP-sensitive K+ channels and increased their single-channel conductance from 37 ± 12 pS at +8°C to 51 ± 13 pS at +18°C (Q10 = 1.38) ( P < 0.01; n = 12). The ATP-sensitive K+ channels of the crucian carp ventricle were characterized by very low affinity to ATP both at +8°C [concentration of Tris-ATP that produces half-maximal inhibition of the channel ( K1/2)= 1.35 mM] and +18°C ( K1/2 = 1.85 mM). Although acute heat stress induced ATP-sensitive K+ current ( IK,ATP) in patch-clamped myocytes, similar heat stress did not cause any glibenclamide (10 μM)-sensitive changes in AP duration in multicellular ventricular preparations. Examination of APs and K+ currents from the same myocytes by alternate recording under current-clamp and voltage-clamp modes revealed that changes in AP duration were closely correlated with temperature-specific changes in the voltage-dependent rectification of the background inward rectifier K+ current IK1. In ∼15% of myocytes (4 out of 27), IK,ATP-dependent shortening of AP followed the IK1-induced AP shortening. Thus heat stress-induced shortening of AP duration in crucian carp ventricle is primarily dependent on IK1. IK,ATP is induced only in response to prolonged temperature elevation or perhaps in the presence of additional stressors.
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35

Hu, Sha, and Fredrik Rusek. "On the Design of Channel Shortening Demodulators for Iterative Receivers in Linear Vector Channels." IEEE Access 6 (2018): 48339–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2868266.

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36

Wang, Xinrui, and Robert H. Fitts. "Effects of regular exercise on ventricular myocyte biomechanics and KATP channel function." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 315, no. 4 (October 1, 2018): H885—H896. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00130.2018.

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Exercise training is known to protect the heart from ischemia and improve function during exercise by reducing cardiomyocyte action potential duration (APD) and increasing contractility. The cellular mechanisms involve β-adrenergic regulation and the ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channel, but how each alters function of the left ventricle and sex specificity is unknown. To address this, female and male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to wheel-running (TRN) or sedentary (SED) groups. After 6–8 wk of training, myocytes were isolated from the left ventricle and field stimulated at 1, 2, and 5 Hz. TRN significantly increased cardiomyocyte contractility, the kinetics of the Ca2+ transient, and responsiveness to the adrenergic receptor agonist isoproterenol (ISO), as reflected by an increased sarcomere shortening. Importantly, we demonstrated a TRN-induced upregulation of KATP channels, which was reflected by elevated content, current density, and the channel’s contribution to APD shortening at high activation rates and in the presence of the activator pinacidil. TRN induced increase in KATP current occurred throughout the left ventricle, but channel subunit content showed regional specificity with increases in Kir6.2 in the apex and SUR2A in base regions. In summary, TRN elevated cardiomyocyte cross-bridge kinetics, Ca2+ sensitivity, and the responsiveness of contractile function to β-adrenergic receptor stimulation in both sexes. Importantly, upregulation of the KATP channel accelerates repolarization and shortens APD during stress and exercise. These adaptations have clinical importance, as increased contractility and reduced APD would help protect cardiac output and reduce intracellular Ca2+ overload during stresses such as regional ischemia. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our results demonstrate that regular exercise significantly increased ventricular myocyte shortening and relaxation velocity and the rate of rise in intracellular Ca2+ transient and enhanced the response of biomechanics and Ca2+ reuptake to β-adrenergic stimulation. Importantly, exercise training upregulated the cardiomyocyte sarcolemma ATP-sensitive K+ channel across the left ventricle in both sexes, as reflected by elevated channel subunit content, current density, and the channel’s contribution to reduced action potential duration at high activation rates.
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37

TAKAHASHI, Tsukasa, and Teruyuki MIYAJIMA. "A Max-Min Approach to Channel Shortening in OFDM Systems." IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences E96.A, no. 1 (2013): 293–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/transfun.e96.a.293.

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38

Samanta, Roopsha, Robert W. Heath, and Brian L. Evans. "Joint Interference Cancellation and Channel Shortening in Multiuser-MIMO Systems." IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 56, no. 2 (March 2007): 652–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2006.889572.

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39

Ysebaert, Geert, Katleen Van Acker, Marc Moonen, and Bart De Moor. "Constraints in channel shortening equalizer design for DMT-based systems." Signal Processing 83, no. 3 (March 2003): 641–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0165-1684(02)00452-8.

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40

Miyajima, T., and Z. Ding. "Second-Order Statistical Approaches to Channel Shortening in Multicarrier Systems." IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing 52, no. 11 (November 2004): 3253–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2004.836537.

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41

Martin, R. K. "Joint Blind Adaptive Carrier Frequency Offset Estimation and Channel Shortening." IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing 54, no. 11 (November 2006): 4194–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2006.880235.

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42

Martin, Richard K. "Fast-Converging Blind Adaptive Channel-Shortening and Frequency-Domain Equalization." IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing 55, no. 1 (January 2007): 102–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2006.882065.

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43

Miyajima, Teruyuki, and Zhi Ding. "Subcarrier Nulling Algorithms for Channel Shortening in Uplink OFDMA Systems." IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing 60, no. 5 (May 2012): 2374–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2012.2185230.

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44

Berriah, Boubakeur, Merahi Bouziani, and Sid Ahmed Elahmar. "New blind, adaptive channel shortening TEQ for multicarrier modulation systems." IET Communications 8, no. 2 (January 23, 2014): 210–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-com.2013.0147.

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Benotmane, Noureddine B., and SidAhmed Elahmar. "Channel shortening equaliser through energy concentration for TH-UWB systems." International Journal of Computer Aided Engineering and Technology 11, no. 1 (2019): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijcaet.2019.096717.

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46

Benotmane, Noureddine B., and SidAhmed Elahmar. "Channel shortening equaliser through energy concentration for TH-UWB systems." International Journal of Computer Aided Engineering and Technology 11, no. 1 (2019): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijcaet.2019.10017242.

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47

Fan, Jiancun, Yajie Ren, Ying Zhang, and Xinmin Luo. "MLSE Equalizer With Channel Shortening for Faster-Than-Nyquist Signaling." IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 30, no. 9 (May 1, 2018): 793–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lpt.2018.2817510.

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Darsena, Donatella, Giacinto Gelli, Luigi Paura, and Francesco Verde. "Blind Channel Shortening for Asynchronous SC-IFDMA Systems with CFOs." IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 12, no. 11 (November 2013): 5529–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/twc.2013.100713.121519.

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Stepniak, Grzegorz. "DMT Transmission in SI POF With Minimax Channel Shortening Equalizer." IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 26, no. 17 (September 1, 2014): 1750–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lpt.2014.2332040.

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Banerjee, Birendranath, and M. Prakash Hande. "Age-independent telomere shortening and ion-channel defects in SCD." Nature Reviews Cardiology 10, no. 6 (April 30, 2013): 362. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrcardio.2013.30-c1.

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