Journal articles on the topic 'Channel amalgamation'
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Łapcik, Piotr. "Sedimentary processes and architecture of Upper Cretaceous deep-sea channel deposits: a case from the Skole Nappe, Polish Outer Carpathians." Geologica Carpathica 69, no. 1 (February 1, 2018): 71–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/geoca-2018-0005.
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AbstractDeep-sea channels are one of the architectonic elements, forming the main conduits for sand and gravel material in the turbidite depositional systems. Deep-sea channel facies are mostly represented by stacking of thick-bedded massive sandstones with abundant coarse-grained material, ripped-up clasts, amalgamation and large scale erosional structures. The Manasterz Quarry of the Ropianka Formation (Upper Cretaceous, Skole Nappe, Carpathians) contains a succession of at least 31 m of thick-bedded high-density turbidites alternated with clast-rich sandy debrites, which are interpreted as axial deposits of a deep-sea channel. The section studied includes 5 or 6 storeys with debrite basal lag deposits covered by amalgamated turbidite fills. The thickness of particular storeys varies from 2.5 to 13 m. Vertical stacking of similar facies through the whole thickness of the section suggest a hierarchically higher channel-fill or a channel complex set, with an aggradation rate higher than its lateral migration. Such channel axis facies cannot aggrade without simultaneous aggradation of levee confinement, which was distinguished in an associated section located to the NW from the Manasterz Quarry. Lateral offset of channel axis facies into channel margin or channel levee facies is estimated at less than 800 m. The Manasterz Quarry section represents mostly the filling and amalgamation stage of channel formation. The described channel architectural elements of the Ropianka Formation are located within the so-called Łańcut Channel Zone, which was previously thought to be Oligocene but may have been present already in the Late Cretaceous.
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Mahusni, Muhammad Nadzrul Adam, and Maszura Abdul Ghafar. "ADAPTATION OF MALAYSIAN RETAIL DESIGN TOWARDS OMNI– CHANNEL AND CONTEXTUAL RETAIL CONCEPT." Malaysian Journal of Sustainable Environment 4, no. 1 (September 30, 2018): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/myse.v4i1.5609.
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A new concept of Omni–Channel interactive retail design in Malaysia c o u l d revolutionize the Generation Y’s ( G e n Y) shopping experience. Studies found that the G e n Y’s c u l t u re and behaviour is t h e key to t h e i r changes in their shopping nature. The study is t o identify h o w t h e amalgamation of the Omni–Channel shopping concept with fashion r e t a i l design could provide the ultimate shopping experience for Gen Y. T h i s desktop study recommends an interactive retail’s cum Omni– channel space programming in creating an interactive retail design typology. It would benefit designers implementing successful retail design whilst catering current consumers shopping needs especially in Malaysia.
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Phillips, Stephen P., John A. Howell, Adrian J. Hartley, and Magda Chmielewska. "Coarse-grained meandering distributive fluvial system of the basal Cedar Mountain Formation, U.S.A." Journal of Sedimentary Research 91, no. 11 (November 22, 2021): 1188–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/jsr.2020.065.
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ABSTRACT The analysis of downstream changes in ancient fluvial systems can better inform depositional models for foreland-basin systems. Herein we analyze the basal deposits of the Early Cretaceous Cedar Mountain Formation of Utah to better understand the variety of fluvial deposits present and to develop a depositional model for the Sevier foreland basin. We also evaluate the long-held interpretation of a braided origin for these deposits and document numerous examples of point-bar deposition in highly sinuous meandering rivers by analysis of large (20 to 60 km2) plan-view exposures. These plan-view exposures allow comparisons between planform and cross-sectional geometries. The study utilizes outcrop data, virtual outcrop models, and satellite imagery to develop a facies model and analyze the architecture of channel bodies in the Buckhorn Conglomerate and Poison Strip Sandstone of the Cedar Mountain Formation. We document downstream (west to east) decreases in lateral channel migration, sinuosity, channel amalgamation, grain size, and percent of fluvial channel facies (conglomerate and sandstone). Fluvial channel deposits occur arranged into larger stratal bodies: multistory–multilateral channel bodies that are dominantly composed of clast-supported conglomerate in the west to a mix of multistory, multilateral, and isolated channel bodies composed of matrix-supported conglomerate in the east. The median width of highly sinuous point bars is similar across the field area (344 m to 477 m), but the inclusion of narrower (median = 174 m), low-sinuosity bar elements in the east indicates an overall reduction in lateral channel migration and sinuosity downstream. Net-to-gross values range from 100% in much of the western outcrops to as low as 38% in the east. Paleocurrent analysis reveals a transverse (west to east) paleoflow for the study interval that merges with axial (south–north) paleoflow near the Utah–Colorado state line. We estimate 104 m3/s-scale discharge and 106 kilometer-scale drainage area for axial rivers based on paleohydraulic analysis which represents a significant part of the Early Cretaceous continental-scale drainage. The observed downstream trends in lateral channel migration, sinuosity, channel amalgamation, grain size, and net-to-gross for the basal Cedar Mountain Formation are consistent with expected trends for sinuous single-thread distributive fluvial systems and are similar to observed trends in the Jurassic Morrison Formation. Medial (Buckhorn Conglomerate) to distal (Poison Strip Sandstone) zones are preserved and span the forebulge to backbulge depozones of a foreland-basin system. Postulated deposits of the proximal distributive fluvial system have been removed during erosion of the foredeep depozone. The easternmost Poison Strip Sandstone and coeval Burro Canyon Formation represent deposits of an axial system at which western-sourced distributive fluvial systems end. Distributive fluvial systems dominate modern foreland basins, and this study suggests that they may constitute a significant proportion of ancient successions.
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Smith, G. C., M. A. Rayfield, D. R. DePledge, and R. Gupta. "THE CHINGUETTI DEEPWATER TURBIDITE FIELD, MAURITANIA: RESERVE ESTIMATION AND FIELD DEVELOPMENT USING UNCERTAINTY MANAGEMENT AND EXPERIMENTAL DESIGNS FOR MULTIPLE SCENARIO 3D MODELS." APPEA Journal 44, no. 1 (2004): 521. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj03022.
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The Chinguetti Field was discovered in 2001 offshore Mauritania in 800 m of water. It comprises deepwater, mid-slope turbidite reservoirs, trapped in a dome over a salt diapir. The hydrocarbons are compartmentalised by concentric radial faults, in a low net:gross sequence, with oil mainly in channel sands. The large number of uncertain variables requires a structured approach and a rigorous assessment of the potential sub-surface scenarios. The field is of moderate size and risks in this deepwater environment need to be managed carefully.The main sub-surface uncertainties were identified by uncertainty framing and are briefly described in the paper. They include:structure;hydrocarbon contacts;fault seal;distribution of the channel systems;frequency and amalgamation of channel sands;shale drape;internal channel heterogeneity;effective pressure support;rock-fluid interaction;rock compaction;fluid composition/properties; androck properties.A statistical experimental design determined 27 scenarios should accurately model the probability distribution of reserves. A 3D model was made for each and run through the dynamic simulator to estimate economic ultimate recovery (EUR). Multivariate statistical analysis produced a response equation for EUR and the probability distribution. This is more rigorous than the standard method which produces mid, high and low case models, for which there is no adequate way to assign their probability of occurrence.
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Zhao, Chun Lei, and Yi Nan Xu. "Design of CAN-FlexRay Gateway based on Node Mapping Methods for In-Vehicle Network System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 385-386 (August 2013): 1523–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.385-386.1523.
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The In-Vehicle Network System is a main channel to transmit electronic signals among each automotive node. In order to share the node information from both of chassis and body networks in automobiles, the gateway system is used to realize the communication between CAN and FlexRay systems. In this paper, a modified gateway system based on the node mapping method, the node slotting method, and the corresponding operation algorithm will be proposed. Through the modified gateway system, repeated remodifying problems are solved that is changes of information or ID during transmitting information between CAN and FlexRay systems. Additionally, improvements in the reliability and the amalgamation of the In-Vehicle Network System are shown in this paper.
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Iqbal, Naveed, Abdulmajid Lawal, and Azzedine Zerguine. "MitigatingWireless Channel Impairments in Seismic Data Transmission Using Deep Neural Networks." Sensors 21, no. 18 (September 12, 2021): 6105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21186105.
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The traditional cable-based geophone network is an inefficient way of seismic data transmission owing to the related cost and weight. The future of oil and gas exploration technology demands large-scale seismic acquisition, versatility, flexibility, scalability, and automation. On the one hand, a typical seismic survey can pile up a massive amount of raw seismic data per day. On the other hand, the need for wireless seismic data transmission remains immense. Moving from pre-wired to wireless geophones faces major challenges given the enormous amount of data that needs to be transmitted from geophones to the on-site data collection center. The most important factor that has been ignored in the previous studies for the realization of wireless seismic data transmission is wireless channel effects. While transmitting the seismic data wirelessly, impairments like interference, multi-path fading, and channel noise need to be considered. Therefore, in this work, a novel amalgamation of blind channel identification and deep neural networks is proposed. As a geophone already is responsible for transmitting a tremendous amount of data under tight timing constraints, the proposed setup eschews sending any additional training signals for the purpose of mitigating the channel effects. Note that the deep neural network is trained only on synthetic seismic data without the need to use real data in the training process. Experiments show that the proposed method gives promising results when applied to the real/field data set.
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Oyanyan, Raphael Oaikhena, Modestus Chijioke Ohaegbulem, Christian Chukwudi Agbo, and Nonyelum Stella Iloanya. "SEDIMENTARY ARCHITECTURAL ELEMENTS AND SANDY BRAIDED FLUVIAL SUCCESSIONS IN AJALI SANDSTONE RIDGES, WESTERN AFIKPO BASIN, UTURU, NIGERIA." Earth Science Malaysia 5, no. 1 (December 29, 2020): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/esmy.01.2021.49.57.
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Lithofacies, bounding surfaces and sedimentary architectural elements exposed in two ridges at Uturu being quarried for construction sands were analysed to determine the paleoenvironment of deposition and the factors that control the deposition of sand units. Mainly outcropped is Ajali Formation overlying locally exposed Mamu Formation in Western Afikpo basin. Lithofacies identified include: Trough cross bedded medium- to coarse-grained (St), Planar cross bedded fine- to coarse-grained sandstone (Sp), Small scale planar cross bedded sandstone (SSp), Lenticular mudstone (Fm), Heterolithic sandstone/mudstone (Fsm), Horizontal stratified sandstone (Sh), Cross ripple laminated sandstone (Sr), Reddish muddy sand (Fl), Siltstone (SSm) and Shale (Fsh). The associations of lithofacies and bounding surfaces gave four fluvial and one marine architectural element. The fluvial elements which mainly characterized the Ajali Formation include: Channel-fill (CH), Macroforms Accretion (MA). Flood-Plain Fines (FF) and Channel Abandonment Fines (CAF). Offshore-shoreface fines (OSF) element defined marine Mamu Formation. The profiles of the ridges show dominance of MA followed by CH while FF is limited in occurrence and in some zones pinch-out to lenticular inter-bar mudstone. The MA is characterized by planar cross beddings, reactivation surfaces, internal grading, steep dipping ferruginized accretion surfaces and abrupt flat top which indicate mid-channel bars deposition in typical sandy braided fluvial depositional system. Generally, there is vertical aggradation/ amalgamation of channel deposits and dominance of sheet alluvial architecture. Low rate of channel avulsion, moderate rate of lateral migration and aggradation, variable discharge rate and high rate of sediment supply and subsidence were considered as factors that controlled the deposition and preservations of sand units. This study provided an understanding of mesoscopic heterogeneities and compartmentalization style inherent in hydrocarbon bearing sandy braided reservoirs which can be used as analog model for its development.
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Gretta, W. J., and C. R. Smith. "The Flow Structure and Statistics of a Passive Mixing Tab." Journal of Fluids Engineering 115, no. 2 (June 1, 1993): 255–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2910133.
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Water channel flow visualization and anemometry studies were conducted to examine the flow structure and velocity statistics in the wake of a passive mixing tab designed for enhancement of cross-stream mixing by generation of flow structures characteristic of turbulent boundary layers. Flow visualization reveals that the mixing tab generates a wake comprising a combination of counter rotating, streamwise vortices enveloped by distinct hairpin vortex structures. The counter rotating streamwise vortices are observed to stimulate a strong ejection of fluid along the symmetry plane, which results in very rapid cross-stream mixing. The hairpin vortices are found to undergo successive amalgamation and coalescence downstream of the device, which aids in the streamwise mixing and outward penetration of ejected fluid. After an initially intense mixing process, the mixing tab wake rapidly develops mean velocity, turbulence intensity, and boundary layer integral properties characteristic of a significantly thickened turbulent boundary layer.
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Koch, Alexander R., Cari L. Johnson, and Lisa Stright. "Does fluvial channel-belt clustering predict net sand to gross rock volume? Architectural metrics and point-pattern analysis of a digital outcrop model." Journal of Sedimentary Research 89, no. 11 (November 20, 2019): 1109–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/jsr.2019.60.
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ABSTRACT Spatial point-pattern analyses (PPAs) are used to quantify clustering, randomness, and uniformity of the distribution of channel belts in fluvial strata. Point patterns may reflect end-member fluvial architecture, e.g., uniform compensational stacking and avulsion-generated clustering, which may change laterally, especially at greater scales. To investigate spatial and temporal changes in fluvial systems, we performed PPA and architectural analyses on extensive outcrops of the Cretaceous John Henry Member of the Straight Cliffs Formation in southern Utah, USA. Digital outcrop models (DOMs) produced using unmanned aircraft system-based stereophotogrammetry form the basis of detailed interpretations of a 250-m-thick fluvial succession over a total outcrop length of 4.5 km. The outcrops are oriented roughly perpendicular to fluvial transport direction. This transverse cross-sectional exposure of the fluvial system allows a study of the system's variation along depositional strike. We developed a workflow that examines spatial point patterns using the quadrat method, and architectural metrics such as net sand to gross rock volume (NTG), amalgamation index, and channel-belt width and thickness within moving windows. Quadrat cell sizes that are ∼ 50% of the average channel-belt width-to-thickness ratio (16:1 aspect ratio) provide an optimized scale to investigate laterally elongate distributions of fluvial-channel-belt centroids. Large-scale quadrat point patterns were recognized using an array of four quadrat cells, each with 237× greater area than the median channel belt. Large-scale point patterns and NTG correlate negatively, which is a result of using centroid-based PPA on a dataset with disparately sized channel belts. Small-scale quadrat point patterns were recognized using an array of 16 quadrat cells, each with 21× greater area than the median channel belt. Small-scale point patterns and NTG correlate positively, and match previously observed stratigraphic trends in the fluvial John Henry Member, suggesting that these are regional trends. There are deviations from these trends in architectural statistics over small distances (hundreds of meters) which are interpreted to reflect autogenic avulsion processes. Small-scale autogenic processes result in architecture that is difficult to correlate between 1D datasets, for example when characterizing a reservoir using well logs. We show that 1D NTG provides the most accurate prediction for surrounding 2D architecture.
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Esterle, J. S., G. Le Blanc Smith, and J. V. R. Yago. "GEOMETRY AND CONNECTIVITY OF DISTRIBUTARY CHANNEL SANDSTONES IN THE LATE PERMIAN MORANBAH COAL MEASURES, BOWEN BASIN, AUSTRALIA." APPEA Journal 40, no. 1 (2000): 379. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj99022.
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The fluvio-deltaic Moranbah Coal Measures are an extensively mined Late Permian coal-bearing sequence that crops out along the western limb of the Bowen Basin, Queensland. Data from operating coal mines provide high resolution datasets for detailed petroleum reservoir analogue studies. In this study, data from subsurface drilling and high wall exposures were used to produce a three-dimensional sub surface model of coal and sandstone geometry in a 200 m stratigraphic section over an area of 184 km2. Detailed analysis of the interval between the extensive Goonyella Middle seam and the 'P'-Tuff identified: 1) thin (10 km long) interpreted as trunk distributary channel-fill deposits. These are flanked by finer grained sediments containing a series of heterolithic units that display large siltstone-draped accretionary cross-stratification reflecting channel/splay deposition. Reservoir continuity in the Moranbah Coal Measures is controlled by coal seam splitting and the degree of amalgamation between sandstone bodies. Analogues for potential reservoirs within these systems include 1) very thick (>40 m), vertically-stacked amalgamated sandstone sequences with good connectivity; 2) thick (>25 m) stacked sandstone units separated by carbonaceous mudstone horizons that reduce vertical connectivity; and 3) thick sing le-sequence sandstone units with good lateral connectivity Marginal zones are fine grained and often faulted, acting as barriers to connectivity between potential reservoir sandstones.
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Warmink, J. J. "Dune dynamics and roughness under gradually varying flood waves, comparing flume and field observations." Advances in Geosciences 39 (August 7, 2014): 115–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-39-115-2014.
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Abstract. Accurate forecasts of bed forms and their roughness during a flood wave are essential for flood management. Bed forms remain dynamic even under steady discharge and are subject to a continuous process of creations and destructions of individual bed forms. Dune evolution during the rising limb of a flood wave is quite well understood and can be modeled. However, dune evolution during the falling limb remains poorly understood. The objective of this paper is to explain the bed form evolution and roughness during the receding limb of fast flood waves. Therefore, bed profiles of two flume experiments were analyzed in detail and individual dune creations and destructions were classified. The results showed that for fast flood waves in subcritical water flow: (1) dune length grows during both rising and falling limb due to amalgamation of bed forms, (2) dune length has a longer adaptation time than dune height, resulting in short, high dunes during the peak discharge, and (3) this hysteresis difference between dune height and length results in a larger roughness than predicted by equilibrium bed form dimension equations, which may result in a larger roughness of the main channel during floods than expected.
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Bai, Xudong, Fuli Zhang, Li Sun, Anjie Cao, Chong He, Jin Zhang, and Weiren Zhu. "Dynamic millimeter-wave OAM beam generation through programmable metasurface." Nanophotonics 11, no. 7 (February 17, 2022): 1389–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2021-0790.
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Abstract Millimeter-wave (mmWave) and orbital angular momentum (OAM) multiplexing are two key technologies for modern wireless communications, where significant efforts have been devoted to combining these two technologies for extremely high channel capacities. Recently, programmable metasurfaces have been extensively studied for stimulating dynamic multi-mode OAM beams, owing to their ability of subtle dynamic modulation over electromagnetic waves in a digital manner. However, programmable metasurfaces for mmWave OAM stimulation are rarely mentioned, due to the requirement of extremely high processing precision for mmWave applications. In this paper, a programmable metasurface is presented to stimulate dynamic multi-mode mmWave vortex beams. The proposed metasurface is composed of electronically reconfigurable units, which is obtained through configuration integration of a PIN diode within each radiation patch for modulating the unit resonant property. Both low reflection losses and stabilized inverse phase states are obtained for the binary unit coding states within the operation band. Through modulating the real-time coding distribution on the metasurface by programmable bias circuit, the generation of mmWave OAM beams with mode numbers l = 0, l = +1, l = +2, and l = +3 are numerically designed and experimentally verified. Our study paves a new perspective for the cross amalgamation of both mmWave and multi-mode OAM technologies.
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Smye, Katie, D. Amy Banerji, Ray Eastwood, Guin McDaid, and Peter Hennings. "Lithology and reservoir properties of the Delaware Mountain Group of the Delaware Basin and implications for saltwater disposal and induced seismicity." Journal of Sedimentary Research 91, no. 11 (November 5, 2021): 1113–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/jsr.2020.134.
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ABSTRACT Deepwater siliciclastic deposits of the Delaware Mountain Group (DMG) in the Delaware Basin (DB) are the primary interval for disposal of hydraulic fracturing flowback and produced water from unconventional oil production. Understanding the storage capacity of the DMG is critical in mitigating potential risks such as induced seismicity, water encroachment on production, and drilling hazards, particularly with likely development scenarios and expected volumes of produced water. Here we present a basin-wide geologic characterization of the DMG of the Delaware Basin. The stratigraphic architecture, lithology, and fluid-flow properties including porosity, permeability, amalgamation ratios, and pore volumes, are interpreted and mapped. Lithologies are predicted using gamma-ray and resistivity log responses calibrated to basinal DMG cores and outcrop models. Sandstones exhibit the highest porosity and permeability, and sand depocenters migrate clockwise and prograde basinward throughout Guadalupian time. Permeability is highest at the top of the Cherry and Bell Canyon formations of the DMG, reaching tens to hundreds of millidarcies in porous sandstones. Porous and permeable sandstones are fully amalgamated at the bed scale, but at the channel scale, most sandstones are separated by low-permeability siltstones or carbonates where net sandstone is less than 30%. This geologic characterization can be used to assess the regional storage capacity of the DMG and as input for dynamic fluid-flow models to address pore-pressure evolution, zonal containment, and induced seismicity.
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Rehani, Himanshu, and Anuradha Saini. "A Novel Algorithm based on UBTMF for Colour Pictures." International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering 8, no. 4 (April 30, 2018): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.23956/ijarcsse.v8i4.636.
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The issue of picture denoising is one of the most established in the field, is as yet getting extensive focus from the exploration zone due to consistently expanding interest for sensibly valued great media and in additament its part as a pre-preparing venture for picture division, pressure, and so on, because of high spatial being without a vocation of mundane pictures, nearby averaging of the pixels impressively abate the commotion while bulwark the first structure of the picture. To enhance the execution of the essential channels, more compelling sifting calculations including the exchanging vector channels and the amalgamation vector. In spite of the fact that there are different sifting calculations to cull, the more preponderant part of them is not outfit predicated. Multifarious Median Filter (AMF) performs well at low commotion densities. Be that as it may, at high filter densities the window measure must be expanded which may prompt obscuring the picture. In exchanging middle channel the cull depends on Re-characterized limit esteem. The paramount downside of this technique is that characterizing a vigorous cull is onerous. Supplementally these channels won't consider the nearby highlights because of which points of interest and edges may not be recouped severely, concretely when the filter level is high. To vanquish the above downside, Decision Predicated Algorithm (DBA) is proposed. In this, the picture is denoised by utilizing a 3x3 window. On the off chance that the preparing pixel esteem is 0 or 255 it is handled or else it is left unaltered. At high commotion thickness the middle esteem will be 0 or 255 which is boisterous. The goal of disuniting is to expel the driving forces so the commotion free picture is planarity recouped with least flag bending. Filter (Clamor) expulsion can be accomplished by utilizing sundry subsisting direct dissevering procedures which are main stream as a result of their numerical straightforwardness and the presence of the assembling direct framework hypothesis. In spite of the fact that middle channels expel motivation clamor without harming the edges, the prodigious majority of them work consistently over the picture and in this way have a propensity to alter both commotion and clamor free pixels. Preferably, the disuniting ought to be connected just to debased pixels while leaving uncorrupted pixels in place. We propose a novel calculation for clamor diminishment in light of UBTMF for Colour pictures.
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Biajoli, Maria Clara Pivato. "Pride and Prejudice in Brazil’s Popular Culture: A Photonovel and a Soap Opera." Humanities 11, no. 4 (June 21, 2022): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/h11040075.
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Soap operas are an integral part of Brazilian popular culture and the daily lives of Brazil’s people. In 2018, the biggest TV channel in the country, Globo, broadcast a six-month-long soap opera called ‘Pride and Passion’, centered on the story of the Benedito family and their five unmarried daughters, who live in the small village of ‘Vale do Café’ (‘Coffee Valley’) around the 1910s, surrounded by the rural aristocracy and its coffee plantations. The obvious inspiration is Austen’s Pride and Prejudice, and its choice is an indication of Austen’s growing popularity outside English-speaking countries. This adaptation, which incorporates characters from her other novels as well, is the quintessential amalgamation of cultures and media, combining a canonical author of the English language with a Brazilian TV genre commonly seen as ‘lowbrow’. It was not, however, Austen’s first incursion in Brazil’s popular culture. During the 1960s and 1970s, photonovels were an extremely popular genre there, usually translated into Portuguese from Italian productions, as was the case of the 1965 Pride and Prejudice photonovel, sold as a literary supplement to a widely circulated women’s magazine. This essay analyses both cases of different, although connected, adaptations of Austen, arguing that Austen’s presence in Brazil was always mediated by the expectations and appropriation of new media, while showing that the dialogue with popular culture can only enhance our understanding of the ‘global Austen’ phenomenon and her appeal across time and cultures.
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Kaur, Gurpurneet, Sandeep Singh Gill, and Munish Rattan. "Artificial Neural Network and Genetic Algorithm Based Hybrid Intelligence for Performance Optimization of Novel Inverted Funnel Shaped Fin Shaped Field Effect Transistor with Gate Stack High-k Dielectric." Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics 15, no. 11 (November 1, 2020): 1385–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jno.2020.2880.
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Today, Fin shaped Field Effect Transistors (FinFETs) are the foundation of the sub-nanometer technology node. The semiconductor industry endorses it in low-power (LP) and high-performance (HP) applications due to its better electrostatic control and exceptional scalability. In this paper, the structure of an inverted funnel-shaped FinFET device with a high-k stacked gate has been optimized using integrated Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and genetic algorithm (GA) approach. The comparative analysis of rectangular FinFET, trapezoidal FinFET and proposed novel shaped FinFET has also been explored. The electrical and analog performance parameters of the novel device present better performance results with respect to the other two transistors. In ANN training, the three datasets have been created by varying the metrics such as equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) and dielectric constant (k) of novel shaped FinFET device in Technology computeraided design simulator (TCAD). The amalgamation technique of ANN and GA optimization provides diminished Subthreshold Swing (SS), reduced off-current (IOFF), enhanced on-current (ION) and improved current ratio (ION/IOFF) corresponding to the optimal value of EOT and k. The new structure designed and simulated with the optimal amount of EOT and k results in outstanding performance parameters. The device metrics values, SS of 62.1 mV/dec, IOFF of 6.56×10-11, ION of 3.938×10-5 and ION/IOFF of 5.95×105 indicate that optimized device has suppressed Short Channel Effects (SCEs). The average deviatION of 3.48% between the value of ANN-GA optimized results obtained through MATLAB and TCAD simulated performance parameters justify the effectiveness of proposed FinFET.
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Deepti Agarwal. "Literature as the Route of Transmission of Buddhism into Britain." Creative Launcher 5, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 30–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.53032/tcl.2020.5.2.03.
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Literary transmission of a subject has been a perennial phenomenon through the mode of literature because literary works are not produced in vacuum. Authors transpire the spirit of an age by creative amalgamation of their external influences, which they absorb from their social consciousness, and their internal influences to create fictional literary images, style, themes and motifs for a work. In this manner, an author’s influence from a preceding text or social consciousness exports to the successive literary works incessantly across the temporal and spatial dimensions. To determine literature as an intermediary or channel of transmission of Buddhism into Britain, the methodology of Influence Study is applied to delineate the spread of Buddhism through literary works. The investigation aims to identify the junctures of contact between an influence or an author and an influencer or the Buddhist source of information. Since multitude of impressions are involved in the ongoing process of literary production, the Influence Study utilizes Auguste Comte’s philosophy of positivism and factual account of biographical details to verify the junctures of direct or indirect contact of the author with the Buddhist source of information via literary or extra-literary medium to map the route of interrelationships. For conclusive results, the tools of close reading and interpretive analysis are implemented by juxtaposing the texts imbibing the stylized Buddhist ideology with the teachings of Buddhism. In this connection, a few British texts such as Edwin Arnold’s the Light of Asia, Rudyard Kipling’s Kim, James Hilton’s Lost Horizon, and Aldous Huxley’s Island are scrutinized to investigate the literary transmission of Buddhism into Britain.
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Atazadeh, Ehsan, Andrew Barton, and Jafar Razeghi. "Importance of environmental flows in the Wimmera catchment, Southeast Australia." Limnological Review 20, no. 4 (December 1, 2020): 185–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/limre-2020-0018.
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Abstract In this paper the environment, climate, vegetation, indigenous and European settlement history, stream flow patterns, water quality and water resources development in western Victoria, Australia are studied. The last part of the paper focuses on the MacKenzie River, a tributary of the Wimmera River located on the northern slopes of the Grampians Ranges in western Victoria, Australia. Water release along the MacKenzie River was regulated to improve water quality, stream condition and river health especially in the downstream reaches. The upstream section tends to receive water most days of the year due to releases to secure the requirements of water supply for the city of Horsham and its recreational and conservation values, which is diverted into Mt Zero Channel. Below this the middle and downstream sections receive a more intermittent supply. Annually, a total of 10,000 dam3 of water is released from Wartook Reservoir into the MacKenzie River. Of this volume, only about 4,000 dam3 was released explicitly for environmental purposes. The remaining 6,000 dam3 was released to meet consumptive demands and to transfer water to downstream reservoirs. The empirical data and models showed the lower reaches of the river to be in poor condition under low flows, but this condition improved under flows of 35 dam3 per day, as indicated. The results are presented to tailor discharge and duration of the river flows by amalgamation of consumptive and environmental flows to improve the condition of the stream, thereby supplementing the flows dedicated to environmental outcomes. Ultimately the findings can be used by management to configure consumptive flows that would enhance the ecological condition of the MacKenzie River.
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Allen, Peter, David R. Bain, David R. Bridgland, Paul Buisson, Jan-Pieter Buylaert, Rachel Bynoe, William H. George, et al. "Mid-Late Quaternary Fluvial Archives near the Margin of the MIS 12 Glaciation in Southern East Anglia, UK: Amalgamation of Multi-Disciplinary and Citizen-Science Data Sources." Quaternary 5, no. 3 (September 3, 2022): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/quat5030037.
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This paper presents an updated geological reconstruction of the Quaternary evolution of the River Thames at its downstream extremities, close to the North Sea coast, based on new data from multi-disciplinary and citizen-science sources. In this area, the interaction of the Thames with the MIS 12 (Anglian) glaciation is an important part of the Quaternary archive. The Anglian ice sheet, which reached parts of north and east London, was responsible for diverting the Thames southwards into its present course, although the footprint of the maximum ice sheet(s) does not reach the North Sea coast south of Hollesley, Suffolk. Further south, the coastal zone hosts pre-Anglian and early Anglian river-terrace deposits of the pre-diversion Thames system, superimposed upon which are products of later post-Anglian rivers, of both Middle and Late Pleistocene age. On the peninsula between the Stour and Blackwater–Colne estuaries, the lowest and most recent terrace of the pre-diversion Thames includes evidence directly pertaining to the glacial disruption event, for which geochronological data are reported here for the first time. The first post-diversion terrace of the Thames also reaches this peninsula, the river having essentially re-joined its original valley before crossing the alignment of the modern coastline. This terrace passes beneath Clacton-on-Sea, where it includes the type locality of the Clactonian Palaeolithic Industry. The area of interest to this paper, in NE Essex and southern Suffolk, includes a number of interglacial and Palaeolithic sites, the data from which assist in constraining the chronostratigraphy of the sequence. In some cases, there has been uncertainty as to whether these sites represent pre-Anglian environments and hominin occupations, part of the palaeo-Thames sequence, or whether they are the product of later post-Anglian streams, formed after the Thames had migrated southwards. This paper compiles evidence from a wide range of recent sources, including developer-funded archaeological appraisal and citizen-science activities, to explore and update the evidence from sites at Ipswich, Upper Dovercourt and Thorpe-le-Soken, as well as a number of localities associated with the Clacton Channel Deposits (host to the type-Clactonian), amongst others. The resulting new data are placed within the wider context of the Quaternary fluvial archives in southern Britain, with a discussion of how disparate sources of information, including the work of citizen scientists, have contributed.
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Patel, Monalisha. "An Empirical Study on Adoption of ERP on IT and Non-IT Companies in Odisha." International Journal of Applied Industrial Engineering 5, no. 2 (July 2018): 58–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijaie.2018070105.
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The complex data and information from all sectors are integrated together by the ERP within an organisation. Because of the various kinds of end users, the implementation of the ERP is a complex process to handle. Some of the effects of individual, technological and organisational factors are taken into consideration as in the impact of the usage upon ERP and its effect upon the end user. The results however suggests that the system functionalization supports the organisation in the functioning of the HR practices, training and development, self-dependency of employees (end users) and the compatibility factor of the end users as well. The usage of ERP has no doubt an impact upon human resources functions and operations. Because human resources involve the human capital, therefore the process of human resource management (HRM) is undergoing changes implementing various tools of technology while improving performance. The amalgamation between HRM processes with information technology being termed as electronic human resources management. (E-HRM). So, the phenomenon of E-HRM works to functionalise all operations and activities that the human resource management system dealt with. Both in terms of E-HRM and the virtual human resource management systems do not go with the same interpretations as those streamlined by Lepak and Snell's “The network founded structure built on partnerships and typically framed by networking technologies to support the organisation attain, develop and deploy intellectual capital.” It is not wrong to say that the decentralization of human resource functions is the essence of E-HRM. Those functions typically can be availed through an intranet or other web technology channel. When such facilities are provided within an organisation it helps the managers and employees empower themselves to perform the chosen HR functions themselves, relieving the HR department of those tasks. It is even foreseen that as E-HRM grows and renovates business culture, there would be changes, but the need is to be inculcated to a substantial measure.
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Yan, Sheng, Yuxing Li, Qianbin Zhao, Dan Yuan, Guolin Yun, Jun Zhang, Weijia Wen, Shi-Yang Tang, and Weihua Li. "Liquid metal-based amalgamation-assisted lithography for fabrication of complex channels with diverse structures and configurations." Lab on a Chip 18, no. 5 (2018): 785–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8lc00047f.
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In this work, we proposed an amalgamation-assisted lithography technique using liquid metal alloys for the fabrication of complex channels with a simple fabrication process, room-temperature fabrication and low toxicity.
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Kolos, Maxim. "PRODUCTION AMALGAMATION'S “BELARUSKALI” POTASH DELIVERY SYSTEM ANALYSIS FROM LOGISTIC POSITIONS." TRANSPORT 21, no. 4 (December 31, 2006): 286–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16484142.2006.9638081.
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Belarus is one of the largest manufacturers of potash fertilizers. Geographical remoteness from commodity markets and absence of its own exit to sea require transshipment of production in foreign seaports. In this article, the author is analyzing, deriving from logistic considerations, according to which principles of such delivery system should be designed, what can be the criterion of its efficiency, how volumes of cargo transported through various channels influence self‐organizing capacity of the system as a whole, and what is the synergetic effect on the logistic system. The questions of designing logistic systems considered in this article on the example of potash fertilizers are, in many respects, common to all Byelorussian exporters.
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Zhu, He, Weizhen Xu, Min Shan, Tao Yang, Qinlu Lin, Kexue Yu, Yanxia Xing, and Yang Yu. "High-Throughput Color Imaging Hg2+ Sensing via Amalgamation-Mediated Shape Transition of Concave Cube Au Nanoparticles." Nanomaterials 12, no. 11 (June 2, 2022): 1902. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12111902.
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Mercury, as one type of toxic heavy metal, represents a great threat to environmental and biological metabolic systems. Thus, reliable and sensitive quantitative detection of mercury levels is particularly meaningful for environmental protection and human health. We proposed a high-throughput single-particle color imaging strategy under dark-field microscopy (DFM) for mercury ions (Hg2+) detection by using individual concave cube Au nanoparticles as optical probes. In the presence of ascorbic acid (AA), Hg2+ was reduced to Hg which forms Au–Hg amalgamate with Au nanoparticles, altering their localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images demonstrated that the concave cube Au nanoparticles were approaching to sphere upon increasing the concentration of Hg2+. The nanoparticles underwent an obvious color change from red to yellow, green, and finally blue under DFM due to the shape-evolution and LSPR changes. In addition, we demonstrated for the first time that the LSPR of Au–Hg amalgamated below 400 nm. Inspired by the above-mentioned results, single-particle color variations were digitalized by converting the color image into RGB channels to obtain (green+blue)/red intensity ratios [(G+B)/R]. The concentration-dependence change was quantified by statistically analyzing the (G+B)/R ratios of a large number of particles. A linear range from 10 to 2000 nM (R2 = 0.972) and a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.857 nM were acquired. Furthermore, many other metal ions, like Cu2+, Cr3+, etc., did not interfere with Hg2+ detection. More importantly, Hg2+ content in industrial wastewater samples and in the inner regions of human HepG2 cells was determined, showing great potential for developing a single-particle color imaging sensor in complex biological samples using concave cube Au nanoparticles as optical probes.
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GLADWIN, RUBAN, and NEHRU KASTHURI. "ROBUST AND SECURE S-BOX DESIGN WITH GATED HYBRID ENERGY RECOVERY LOGIC (GHERL) FOR IOT APPLICATIONS." DYNA 97, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.6036/10108.
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The smart Internet of Things (IoT) network relies heavily on data transmission over wireless channels. Hence, it should be designed to be robust against the attacks from hackers and antagonists. The confidentiality in IoT devices is directly proportional to the complexity and power consumption. To mitigate these issues, this paper proposes a secure Substitution Box (S-Box) design that is exploited in the IoT for cyber security applications. The S-Box is based on Gated Hybrid Energy Recovery Logic (GHERL) that is an amalgamation of two different techniques as adiabatic logic and power gating. Adiabatic logic is preferred to attain high energy efficiency in practical applications such as portable and handheld devices. Power gating technique is preferred to reduce the leakage power and energy consumption. The proposed GHERL XOR gate and S-Box are implemented with 125nm technology in Tanner EDA tool. The consequences of the experiments exhibits that the novel S-Box design with GHERL XOR decreases the power consumption by 1.76%, 35.26%, 36.81%, 41.01% and reduces the leakage power by 58.54%, 20.27%, 27.38%, 13.63% when compared with the existing techniques such as S-Box with sleep transistor, dual sleep transistor, dual-stack and sleepy keeper approach. Keywords: Adiabatic logic, Power Gating, Internet of Things, S-Box
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Kansal, Lavish, Salah Berra, Mohamed Mounir, Rajan Miglani, Rui Dinis, and Khaled Rabie. "Performance Analysis of Massive MIMO-OFDM System Incorporated with Various Transforms for Image Communication in 5G Systems." Electronics 11, no. 4 (February 17, 2022): 621. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11040621.
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Modern-day applications of fifth-generation (5G) and sixth-generation (6G) systems require fast, efficient, and robust transmission of multimedia information over wireless communication medium for both mobile and fixed users. The hybrid amalgamation of massive multiple input multiple output (mMIMO) and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) proves to be an impressive methodology for fulfilling the needs of 5G and 6G users. In this paper, the performance of the hybrid combination of massive MIMO and OFDM schemes augmented with fast Fourier transform (FFT), fractional Fourier transform (FrFT) or discrete wavelet transform (DWT) is evaluated to study their potential for reliable image communication. The analysis is carried over the Rayleigh fading channels and M-ary phase-shift keying (M-PSK) modulation schemes. The parameters used in our analysis to assess the outcome of proposed versions of OFDM-mMIMO include signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) vs. peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and SNR vs. structural similarity index measure (SSIM) at the receiver. Our results indicate that massive MIMO systems incorporating FrFT and DWT can lead to higher PSNR and SSIM values for a given SNR and number of users, when compared with in contrast to FFT-based massive MIMO-OFDM systems under the same conditions.
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Barnes, Stephen J., David R. Mole, Richard Hornsey, and Louise E. Schoneveld. "Nickel-Copper Sulfide Mineralization in the Ntaka Hill Ultramafic Complex, Nachingwea Region, Tanzania." Economic Geology 114, no. 6 (September 1, 2019): 1135–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5382/econgeo.4677.
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Abstract The Ntaka Hill Ni-Cu deposit in Tanzania lies within the Mozambique belt, a complex, long-lived Neoproterozoic suture zone that formed during the amalgamation of Gondwana. The deposit is hosted within the moderately deformed Ntaka Ultramafic Complex, which was emplaced at ~660 Ma, around 20 m.y. before the East African orogeny. Due to strain partitioning into amphibolites and metapyroxenites at the margins of the sills, magmatic cumulate textures are very well preserved. The Ntaka Hill mineralization is predominantly disseminated sulfides within orthopyroxenites and harzburgites. Sulfides show typical magmatic mineralogy and occur as isolated blebs and interstitial networks as well as in soft-walled segregation veins that form localized shoot-like high-grade zones. Deformation had relatively little effect on the deposition of sulfides other than minor localization of strain within some preexisting sulfide-dominant veins. Grade shells define elongate tubular channels that coincide broadly with the more magnesian cumulate rocks. Base and precious metal tenors are widely variable, ranging from 1 to 17% Ni and 0.5 to 10% Cu with no particular correlation with host-rock type, although the tenor range in the more magnesian cumulates is more restricted, with the low-tenor component (<3% Ni, <1% Cu) missing. Olivine compositions vary widely, with forsterite contents ranging from Fo84 to Fo89 with up to 0.85% NiO. These unusually high Ni contents are attributed to equilibration with high-Ni-tenor sulfides percolating through the intercumulus pore space. Complex zoning patterns in the Cr content of orthopyroxenes record fluctuating crystallization conditions attributed to wall-rock assimilation. The intrusion emplacement setting is interpreted to be derived from a flow of xenolith-, crystal-, and sulfideladen magma through channelized sills where much of the sulfide was incompletely equilibrated with the host magma, resulting in highly variable R-factors. Despite the widespread presence of graphite in the marginal pyroxenites, olivine-sulfide Fe/Ni partitioning records typical redox conditions that are slightly more oxidized than quartz-fayalite-magnetite (QFM)—further evidence of a lack of extensive large-scale equilibrium within the intrusive complex. The Ntaka Ultramafic Complex preserves an arrested stage of the amalgamation of small sulfide-bearing sill-sediment complex intrusions into larger convecting magma chambers, forming one end of a process continuum including Kevitsa (Finland) as an intermediate stage and Mirabela (Brazil) as the layered intrusion end member.
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Lin, Wei, Michel Faure, Sébastien Nomade, Qinghua Shang, and Paul Randall Renne. "Permian–Triassic amalgamation of Asia: Insights from Northeast China sutures and their place in the final collision of North China and Siberia." Comptes Rendus Geoscience 340, no. 2-3 (February 2008): 190–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crte.2007.10.008.
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AlShurman, Bara’ Abdallah, and Zahid Ahmad Butt. "Proposing a New Conceptual Syndemic Framework for COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy: A Narrative Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 2 (January 14, 2023): 1561. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021561.
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Background: Discussions regarding syndemics have dominated research in recent years. Vaccine hesitancy has also been propelled to the forefront. In this narrative review, we aim to frame a novel syndemic framework to understand the interaction between vaccine hesitancy, COVID-19, and negative health outcomes. Methods: A non-systematic electronic search was conducted in PubMed and Google Scholar. Search criteria were limited to articles published between November 2019 and June 2022. Articles related to the COVID-19 syndemic and vaccine hesitancy were included. Results: Our review revealed that the adherence to COVID-19 regulations—although they were effective in preventing COVID-19 transmission, cases, and deaths—created a dynamically unstable ‘vicious cycle’ between undesirable health, economic, and social outcomes. The “accumulation” of complex stressors decreased individuals’ cognitive flexibility and hindered them from making decisions and getting vaccinated. Furthermore, it increased individuals’ risk of acquiring COVID-19, losing their employment, increasing poverty, and decreasing healthcare utilization. We illustrated how the amalgamation of sociodemographic and contextual factors associated with COVID-19 might impact people’s vaccine decisions, making them more hesitant toward COVID-19 vaccination. Failing to receive vaccinations increases the chances of COVID-19 transmission, hospitalization, and other negative health outcomes. Conclusions: Understanding the interaction between these factors is essential to provide policymakers with inspiration to set appropriate interventions for promoting COVID-19 vaccination acceptance to decrease the overall burden of pandemics.
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Iqbal, Saira. "Scenic and Scientific Representation of Water in Mughal Architecture: A case study of ShahJahan’s Quadrangle Lahore Fort, Pakistan." Academic Research Community publication 2, no. 2 (May 27, 2018): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.21625/archive.v2i2.485.
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Nothing is useless in this world. Everything has its specific purpose and objectives with respect to its importance. The present-day hardware and materials utilized as a part of building swallow noteworthy measure of our national vitality. Ancient monumental buildings and palaces are still a place to relax without fans, coolers and air conditioners. There is a need to study the traditional buildings because they are time-tested. Mughal Architects are legendary for their creativity. Without beauty, architecture would just be the combination and amalgamation of some material. Hence, art is the soul and spirit of architecture. Mughal Architecture is the example of “Feeling of Wonder” that is the source of aesthetic experience. Mughals showed the great skills in infusing the Islamic idea with local tradition. Water has had been an important element in Asian culture and architecture. Water is an architectural element that is extensively used in our ancient buildings and in the garden of the Mughals. Water not only pleases the eye on a hot summer day, but also provides passive cooling. This paper deals with the utilization of water not only for the purpose of beautification of the site but also for studying the scientific utility of water. This study is a mixture of basic and applied methods according to architectural research methods. The study in this research will show how Mughals used water as an eminent representation of undaunted Mughal mastery in retaining and regulating the temperature along with the beautification purpose via fountains, water channels, and pools.
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Frechette, Julie. "Keeping Media Literacy Critical during the Post-Truth Crisis over Fake News." International Journal of Critical Media Literacy 1, no. 1 (April 3, 2019): 51–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/25900110-00101004.
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As citizens demand more media literacy education in schools, the criticality of media literacy must be advanced in meaningful and comprehensive ways that enable students to successfully access, analyze, evaluate and produce media ethically and effectively across diverse platforms and channels. Institutional analysis in the digital age means understanding who controls the architecture(s) of digital technology, and how they use it. Big data, high tech, and rich transnational global media all need to be carefully studied and held accountable. “Panopticonic” practices such as surveillance, geolocation, data mining, and niche microtargeting need to be studied as information brokers reap huge profits by amalgamating and selling off the data that internet and social media users unwittingly but willingly provide to companies. In light of the growing evidence that online-only networks create filter bubbles and polarization, people will need to interact and mobilize in offline real world spaces. Critical media literacy education must explore how human interactivity is undergoing tectonic shifts as powerful ideological and economic interests work to alter our digital media ecology. Such an approach will allow us to better leverage our public interest goals through a media landscape that preserves the multidirectional, participatory, global, networkable aspects of the digital world.
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Pasuni, Afif. "Negotiating Statist Islam: Fatwa and State Policy in Singapore." Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs 37, no. 1 (April 2018): 57–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/186810341803700103.
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This article examines how state-linked religious actors negotiate religious demands in a secular authoritarian state. There is a prevalent assumption that such religious actors lack the agency to affect state decisions. I do not seek to challenge that proposition, rather to qualify it by identifying the scope and extent of their authority. Taking the state as an autonomous actor, I examine fatwas or official religious edicts in Singapore through the lens of ‘policy feedback’, which analyses how the bureaucratisation of religious institution created new legal and bureaucratic channels that shape state policies. This paper aims to primarily answer the following question: What role do fatwas play in shaping statist interpretation of religion? I answer this by looking at the historical development of religious bureaucracy in Singapore – which includes the fatwa institution – and analysing the role of fatwas in relation to state policies. I argue that the bureaucratisation of religion not only regulates religious demands, but creates a juncture for religious institutions to inform and contest statist version of Islam though policy feedback, a concept that has thus far been only partially applied to economic issues. Policy feedback explains how religious demands are negotiated at the bureaucratic level and is particularly instructive in clarifying the discourse between the state and the fatwa institutions, which underlines that the policies and programmes of the autonomous state can be influenced by the very demands of religious bureaucrats. This paper also introduces Statist Islam as an original concept with which to conceptualise the amalgamation of statist and religious interests, and considers how the informal authority of fatwas continues to function beyond the legal and bureaucratic restrictions set by the state.
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Perşoiu, Aurel, Monica Ionita, and Harvey Weiss. "Atmospheric blocking induced by the strengthened Siberian High led to drying in west Asia during the 4.2 ka BP event – a hypothesis." Climate of the Past 15, no. 2 (April 11, 2019): 781–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-781-2019.
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Abstract. Causal explanations for the 4.2 ka BP event are based on the amalgamation of seasonal and annual records of climate variability that was manifest across global regions dominated by different climatic regimes. However, instrumental and paleoclimate data indicate that seasonal climate variability is not always sequential in some regions. The present study investigates the spatial manifestation of the 4.2 ka BP event during the boreal winter season in Eurasia, where climate variability is a function of the spatiotemporal dynamics of the westerly winds. We present a multi-proxy reconstruction of winter climate conditions in Europe, west Asia, and northern Africa between 4.3 and 3.8 ka. Our results show that, while winter temperatures were cold throughout the region, precipitation amounts had a heterogeneous distribution, with regionally significant low values in W Asia, SE Europe, and N Europe and local high values in the N Balkan Peninsula, the Carpathian Mountains, and E and NE Europe. Further, strong northerly winds were dominating in the Middle East and E and NE Europe. Analyzing the relationships between these climatic conditions, we hypothesize that in the extratropical Northern Hemisphere, the 4.2 ka BP event was caused by the strengthening and expansion of the Siberian High, which effectively blocked the moisture-carrying westerlies from reaching W Asia and enhanced outbreaks of cold and dry winds in that region. The behavior of the winter and summer monsoons suggests that when parts of Asia and Europe were experiencing winter droughts, SE Asia was experiencing similar summer droughts, resulting from failed and/or reduced monsoons. Thus, while in the extratropical regions of Eurasia the 4.2 ka BP event was a century-scale winter phenomenon, in the monsoon-dominated regions it may have been a feature of summer climate conditions.
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Riley, Howard. "Seeing into Drawing: Perception and Communication." Art and Perception 4, no. 1-2 (December 8, 2016): 57–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134913-00002045.
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The central theme of this article proposes that an amalgamation of aspects of visual perception theory and visual communication theory can inform the pedagogy of drawing in an art school context, and can empower the drawing practices of art students. The article explores James J. Gibson’s (1979) insights about how information contained within the structure of the arrays of light arriving at the eyes may be converted into geometric constructions used to represent our three-dimensional world upon a two-dimensional surface. The structure of these ambient arrays can be observed through three ways of seeing — modes of attention — that inform teaching strategies in the art school drawing studio. Roman Jakobson’s (1960) model of communication is introduced and adapted for use within a teaching programme that facilitates students’ understanding of how their compositional choices, informed by the three ways of seeing, and made in the process of drawing, can position viewers in terms of their mood and attitude towards the subject matter represented. These modes of attention are introduced to students as channels of vision through which they may focus upon levels of information pertaining to specific properties of the environment under observation. For example, we may notice some of the features of the constantly-changing arrays of light arriving at the eyes which afford us information about the nature of surfaces in the world — haptic values — softness, hardness, rigidity, plasticity. At another degree of abstraction, features affording information about our spatial position relative to surfaces and edges may be noticed: in general, the mode of attention tuned to information based upon distance-values. Some other features within the arrays of light relate to the interplay of line, shape, tone, texture and colour at the level of pattern and rhythm divorced from three-dimensional form: proximal values. The article is illustrated with student drawings and those of the author.
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Bhagchandani, Khushboo, and D. Peter Augustine. "IoT based heart monitoring and alerting system with cloud computing and managing the traffic for an ambulance in India." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 9, no. 6 (December 1, 2019): 5068. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v9i6.pp5068-5074.
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<p>Global Burden of Disease Report, released in Sept 2017, shows that Cardio- vascular Diseases caused 1.7 million deaths (17.8%) in 2016 and it is the leading cause of deaths in India [1]. According to the Indian Heart Association, 25% of all heart attacks happen under the age of 40. In most cases, the initial heart attacks are often ignored. Even post-diagnosis, as per government data [2], 50% of heart attack cases reach the hospital in more than 400 minutes against the ideal window time of 180 minutes; post which damage is irreversible. The delay is often attributed to delay in reaching a hospital or receiving primary aid. In India, traffic conditions also add to the grimace of the situation. Although the government is taking various measures; a holistic solution is required to minimize the delay at each of the steps like accessing the patient situation, contacting the Medical aid or making available the nearest aid possible. In this paper, we aim at providing the holistic solution using the Internet of Things technology (IOT) along with data analytics. IoT enables real-time capturing and computation of medical data from smart sensors built-in wearable devices. The amalgamation of Internet-based services with Medical Things (Smart sensors) enhance the chances of survival of patients. The proposed system analyses the inputs collected from the sensors fit with the patients prone to cardiovascular diseases to ascertain the emergency situation. In addition, to these data, the system also considers age, maximum and minimum heart rate. Based on computational results received from the input parameters, the system triggers the alert to emergency contacts such as the close relatives of the patient, doctors, the hospitals and nearby ambulance. The proposed system combines with the optimized navigation platform to guide the medical assistance to find the fastest route.</p>
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Uppamma, Posham, and Sweta Bhattacharya. "Diabetic Retinopathy Detection: A Blockchain and African Vulture Optimization Algorithm-Based Deep Learning Framework." Electronics 12, no. 3 (February 1, 2023): 742. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12030742.
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Blockchain technology has gained immense momentum in the present era of information and digitalization and is likely to gain extreme popularity among the next generation, with diversified applications that spread far beyond cryptocurrencies and bitcoin. The application of blockchain technology is prominently observed in various spheres of social life, such as government administration, industries, healthcare, finance, and various other domains. In healthcare, the role of blockchain technology can be visualized in data-sharing, allowing users to choose specific data and control data access based on user type, which are extremely important for the maintenance of Electronic Health Records (EHRs). Machine learning and blockchain are two distinct technical fields: machine learning deals with data analysis and prediction, whereas blockchain emphasizes maintaining data security. The amalgamation of these two concepts can achieve prediction results from authentic datasets without compromising integrity. Such predictions have the additional advantage of enhanced trust in comparison to the application of machine learning algorithms alone. In this paper, we focused on data pertinent to diabetic retinopathy disease and its prediction. Diabetic retinopathy is a chronic disease caused by diabetes and leads to complete blindness. The disease requires early diagnosis to reduce the chances of vision loss. The dataset used is a publicly available dataset collected from the IEEE data port. The data were pre-processed using the median filtering technique and lesion segmentation was performed on the image data. These data were further subjected to the Taylor African Vulture Optimization (AVO) algorithm for hyper-parameter tuning, and then the most significant features were fed into the SqueezeNet classifier, which predicted the occurrence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) disease. The final output was saved in the blockchain architecture, which was accessed by the EHR manager, ensuring authorized access to the prediction results and related patient information. The results of the classifier were compared with those of earlier research, which demonstrated that the proposed model is superior to other models when measured by the following metrics: accuracy (94.2%), sensitivity (94.8%), and specificity (93.4%).
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Samanta, Sourav, Sugata Hazra, Partho P. Mondal, Abhra Chanda, Sandip Giri, Jon R. French, and Robert J. Nicholls. "Assessment and Attribution of Mangrove Forest Changes in the Indian Sundarbans from 2000 to 2020." Remote Sensing 13, no. 24 (December 7, 2021): 4957. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13244957.
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The Indian Sundarbans, together with Bangladesh, comprise the largest mangrove forest in the world. Reclamation of the mangroves in this region ceased in the 1930s. However, they are still subject to adverse environmental influences, such as sediment starvation due to migration of the main river channels in the Ganges–Brahmaputra delta over the last few centuries, cyclone landfall, wave action from the Bay of Bengal—changing hydrology due to upstream water diversion—and the pervasive effects of relative sea-level rise. This study builds on earlier work to assess changes from 2000 to 2020 in mangrove extent, genus composition, and mangrove ‘health’ indicators, using various vegetation indices derived from Landsat and MODIS satellite imagery by performing maximum likelihood supervised classification. We show that about 110 km2 of mangroves disappeared within the reserve forest due to erosion, and 81 km2 were gained within the inhabited part of Sundarbans Biosphere Reserve (SBR) through plantation and regeneration. The gains are all outside the contiguous mangroves. However, they partially compensate for the losses of the contiguous mangroves in terms of carbon. Genus composition, analyzed by amalgamating data from published literature and ground-truthing surveys, shows change towards more salt-tolerant genus accompanied by a reduction in the prevalence of freshwater-loving Heiritiera, Nypa, and Sonneratia assemblages. Health indicators, such as the enhanced vegetation index (EVI) and normalized differential vegetation index (NDVI), show a monotonic trend of deterioration over the last two decades, which is more pronounced in the sea-facing parts of the mangrove forests. An increase in salinity, a temperature rise, and rainfall reduction in the pre-monsoon and the post-monsoon periods appear to have led to such degradation. Collectively, these results show a decline in mangrove area and health, which poses an existential threat to the Indian Sundarbans in the long term, especially under scenarios of climate change and sea-level rise. Given its unique values, the policy process should acknowledge and address these threats.
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Okunev, Igor Yu, Petr V. Oskolkov, and Maria I. Tislenko. "Transforming the matryoshka." Regions and Cohesion 9, no. 3 (December 1, 2019): 29–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/reco.2019.090303.
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English abstract: This article assesses the 2000s reforms of the Russian administrative divisions and the implications of the reforms for the institutional structure and related discourse through institutional and discourse analysis. The authors reach the conclusion that the “special status” of the newly formed territorial entities remains undefined, while the representation norm is highly uneven, since the competences of governing bodies in the merged entities lie predominantly in the ethnic and cultural sphere. The reform was not a single and coherent policy measure but rather a number of incoherent initiatives. This can be seen from the presence of different (re)integration models in respective amalgamation cases, different models of a “special status” and a variety of reactions to the reform emanating from the population.Spanish abstract: Este artículo evalúa las reformas del 2000 en las divisiones administrativas rusas y las implicaciones de dichas reformas en la estructura institucional y el discurso relacionado, a través del análisis institucional y del discurso. Los autores llegan a la conclusión de que el “estatus especial” de las entidades territoriales recién formadas permanece indefinido, mientras que las normas de representación son desiguales, ya que las competencias de los órganos rectores en las entidades fusionadas residen predominantemente en la esfera étnica y cultural. La reforma no fue una medida política única y coherente, sino una serie de iniciativas incoherentes. Esto se puede ver por la presencia de diferentes modelos de (re) integración en los respectivos casos de amalgamación, diferentes modelos de un “estatus especial” y una variedad de reacciones a la reforma que emanan de la población.French abstract: Cet article analyse les réformes des divisions administratives russes de l’année 2000 et leurs implications pour la structure et le discours institutionnels, en utilisant les méthodes institutionnelle et discursive. Les auteurs concluent que le « statut spécial » des entités territoriales nouvellement formées reste indéfini, tandis que la norme de représentation demeure très inégale, les compétences des organes directeurs des entités fusionnées étant principalement concentrées dans les domaines ethnique et culturel. La réforme ne constitue pas une mesure politique cohérente, mais un certain nombre d’initiatives incohérentes. La présence de différents modèles de (ré)intégration dans les cas de fusion évoqués, les divers cas de « statut spécial » et la variété des réactions populaires face à cette réforme en témoignent.
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Kumar, Prarthana. "Multisensory Marketing: Creating New Sustainability Perspective in Hospitality Sector." Atna - Journal of Tourism Studies 8, no. 1 (January 1, 2013): 43–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.12727/ajts.9.4.
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Synchronic studies in marketing propose that sensory stimulus, like colour, lighting effects, backdrop music, ambient scents or upholstery‘s texture, affect consumers‘ evaluation of the milieu, the wares presented, and affect consumer behavior (e.g., approximate amount spent, time spent at a store). A Customer is frequently attracted towards a brand based on its sensory experience. In toto, the unexpurgated world is experienced through multiple senses. (Lindstrom & Kotler, 2005). Ingenious brands are discovering means to captivate the entire consumer senses to fortify their brand experience, by amalgamating every sense into the marketing strategy, this approach is called Sensory Marketing. Sensory branding is based on the idea that we are most likely to form, retain and revisit memory when all five senses are engaged. Many companies are discovering that when they engage consumers with multiple sensory touch points—not just the traditional sensory channels of sight or hearing—they can enhance customers‘ emotional connection with their products and brands. The multisensory strategies seek to go beyond delivering functionality and value to evoking significant personal identification with products. It aims to fill in the lacuna of the conventional marketing. Technology is one of the main factors driving Sensory marketing to success. Sensory Marketing has made its mark in multiple fields like Automobiles, Airlines, Hospitality, Casinos, Retail stores, Textile, Leather production, Skin Care and Cosmetics at multiple levels. The following are a few examples for multisensory applications: 74% of Europeans and 46% of American recognize the Nokia ringtone (Lindstrom, 2005); Ford has a specific branded aroma since 2000. 27% of US consumers and 37% of Europeans consider ford has a distinct smell. (Lindstrom, 2005); United Airlines has adapted a famous composition, George Gershwin‘s Rhapsody in Blue, and personalized it; Restaurants play slower music as it creates extended dining hours, increasing 29% of average bill according to an experiment; Heinz launched EZ Squirt Blastin‘, Green Ketchup in 2001. They sold over 10 million bottles in the first 7 months. That is the highest sales peak in the history of Heinz, all because of a simple color adjustment. This paper deals with use of sensory marketing in technology and the use of technology to make Sensory Marketing successful.
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Pereira da Silva, Marcelo, Tamara de Souza Brandao Guaraldo, Maria Eugenia Porem, and Celia Retz Godoy dos Santos. "Relações públicas, comunicação organizacional e questões informacionais: análise de suas inter-relações em periódicos latino-americanos." Las Relaciones Públicas en el nuevo milenio: retos y oportunidades 10, no. 20 (December 22, 2020): 223–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5783/rirp-20-2020-12-223-246.
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Public relations is a complex activity regarding its role in organizations and the diffuse theoretical framework that makes it difficult to build a conceptual network to justify its existence and relevance nowadays. In the organizational environment, alongside public relations, the communication system and dissemination of information are equally fundamental for the internal administrative roles and the relationship with the external environments and the different strategic audiences. In that organizational context, information management is inherently related to organizational communication and improved informational offer for developing people in the organizational context. Public relations, organizational communication, and information are interwoven with most organizations' reality as they are linked to the organizational and productive processes, and their roles and activities influence relationships and interfere in planning, results, and institutional objectives. Organizations include different types of people who work and use communication and information to make sense of daily work. In that respect, public relations act as facilitators between organizations and different audiences. Therefore, the relationship between these three concepts – public relations, organizational communication, and information – refers to organizations' world and how they deal with the exchange and sharing of meanings that influence the social, cultural, and economic environment. This study was motivated by the need to understand how theoretical frameworks and affinities are built between organizational communication, public relations, and information in scientific journals in Latin America. It aims to investigate the key elements that emerge from the intersection between public relations, organizational communication, and information in organizations. Besides, it analyzes the interrelationships of public relations, organizational communication, and information in Latin American journals. This study is exploratory and qualitative, and its methodology is a systematic review, which identified 14 articles. Of those, half prioritize the concept of organizational communication in its control and informational dimensions related to management, procedures, flows, and information processing. The concept of integrated communication emerges in four articles through a systemic view. Public relations are conceptualized in a polysemic way in six articles and are linked to both information sources and organizations' relationship with their different audiences. Information comprehensively appears as both a process and knowledge associated with systems, techniques, and technologies. The articles prioritize a functionalist notion of organizational communication as an articulating axis between the three concepts and is linked to management, which mixes information, communication, and public relations to promote access to information and dialogue. Regarding the concepts' interrelationships, only four out of the 14 articles developed all of the terms selected in the search. Furthermore, it is inferred that organizational communication represents the stronghold that supports the three concepts in the analyzed articles. Those are associated with management activities, amalgamating information, communication, and public relations to make it easier to convey and access information, promoting the opening of dialogue channels (formal and informal), social interaction, and credibility, thus collaborating to build the image, identity, and reputation of ambivalent and intricate contemporary organizations.
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Dai, Yanpei, Yudi Zhu, Lianchang Zhang, and Mingtian Zhu. "Meso- and Neoarchean Banded Iron Formations and Genesis of High-Grade Magnetite Ores in the Anshan-Benxi Area, North China Craton." Economic Geology 112, no. 7 (November 1, 2017): 1629–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5382/econgeo.2017.4524.
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Abstract The Anshan-Benxi area in the North China craton has numerous occurrences of Algoma-type banded iron formations (BIFs) with subordinate high-grade magnetite ores. These ores provide insight into iron metallogenesis and early evolution of the North China craton. In this paper, we present Sm-Nd-Fe-O isotope, mineralogical, and structural data for four BIF-type iron deposits to place constraints on their depositional ages and formation mechanism. Previous SIMS and LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating results indicated a Mesoarchean age (ca. 3.10 Ga) for the Dagushan BIF and a Neoarchean age (ca. 2.55 Ga) for other regional BIFs (Dai et al., 2012, 2013, 2014). This is confirmed by Sm-Nd isochron ages of these BIFs, high-grade magnetite ores, and host metavolcanics, which yield two regression lines and match apparent ages of 3149 ± 85 Ma (MSWD = 1.2) for Dagushan, and 2671 ± 120 Ma (MSWD = 3.0) for the other three deposits. Our new chronological data thus suggest Meso- and Neoarchean BIF deposition and potentially significant BIF-type iron deposits at depth. The regional high-grade magnetite ores are all hosted in the BIFs that occur in the same orientation and have transitional boundaries between them. They also show similar Sm-Nd isotope compositions and magnetite rare earth elements + yttrium (REY) profiles, indicating that the Anshan-Benxi BIFs were most likely the source beds. The high-grade magnetite ores contain abundant pyrite and actinolite, with systematically lower δ56Fe values (0.67–0.40‰) when compared to the BIFs (1.88–0.64‰), suggesting a hydrothermal origin. In the field, some high-grade orebodies with schistose textures are adjacent to undeformed granitic plutons. This geologic relationship implies that the high-grade magnetite ores were formed earlier and probably did not result from magmatic hydrothermal fluids. Therefore we suggest that the Anshan-Benxi high-grade magnetite ores were most likely produced by infiltration of metamorphic fluids into primary BIFs, based on the following: (1) magnetite δ18O values within the high-grade magnetite ores (+2.5 to −0.6‰) are significantly lower than those in the BIFs (9.2–2.6‰); (2) magnetite (avg 0.39 ppm) and pyrite (avg 0.098 ppm) in the high-grade magnetite ores have much lower REY abundances than magnetite in the BIFs (avg 14.6 ppm); (3) skeletal quartz in the high-grade magnetite ores shows systematically higher FeOtolal contents (1.36–0.56 wt %) than those in laminated chert bands (0.06–0.00 wt %); and (4) hydrothermal zircons within the Nanfen BIF yield a U-Pb age of 2480 Ma, which is comparable to ca. 2.48 Ga regional metamorphism (Zhu et al., 2015). Furthermore, microstructural textures indicate a maximum regional deformation temperature of up to 500°C, which is lower than the plastic flow temperature (>600°C) of magnetite. Finite strain measurements and electron backscatter diffraction analyses suggest a general flattening deformation and similar crystallographic preferred orientation for all magnetite crystals. These structural features reveal that magnetite in the high-grade magnetite ores never experienced a separate tectonic event. Our microscopic studies also show that microfractures at the interfaces of BIF bands contain fragmented quartz crystals and are filled with abundant metamorphic minerals (e.g., actinolite and chlorite). Considering that the Anshan-Benxi high-grade magnetite ores are commonly adjacent to weak structural planes (e.g., faults), we propose that macro- and microscopic fractures probably provided channels for metamorphic fluids. Recent zircon U-Pb geochronology has indicated widespread BIF formation at ca. 2.55 Ga in the North China craton, corresponding to a pronounced peak in BIF deposition of other Precambrian cratons. It is thus implied that a global geologic event triggered the extensive occurrence of BIFs. We correlate the Neoarchean tectonic evolution of the North China craton with the 2.7 to 2.5 Ga Kenorland supercontinent. Significantly, planar distribution signatures of the North China craton BIFs indicate ca. 2.5 Ga cratonization through the amalgamation of at least seven microblocks that were welded by several Neoarchean greenstone belts. Hf-Nd isotope studies have highlighted the Archean episodic crustal evolution of the North China craton, and the Meso- and Neoarchean BIF deposition could have benefitted from these geologic processes. The Anshan-Benxi high-grade magnetite ores that formed at ca. 2.48 Ga were closely related to important metamorphic events during the North China cratonization process.
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"Security Amalgamation using Cloud Computing." International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering 8, no. 9S3 (August 23, 2019): 1208–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.i3266.0789s319.
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The Huge measure of substance data available should be composed along these lines keeping up a vital separation from the misuse of storage space, which can be expert by equivalent join framework. In this paper, we propose, near join strategy, which is an in light of Map Reduce structure used is uses strings for tantamount join and support set based and character based functionalities. Key regard sets are made using marks. Association based count can be used execute, which unite broad number of noteworthy worth key sets which aide decreases the transmission cost. Here we are using "light-weight" channel units to grow the execution, which generally trims huge number of various regard key sets with less transmission cost.
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Craig R. Cormany1, Gregory C. Nadon. "ABSTRACT: Amalgamation of Incised Channel and Incised Valley Fill Sandstones in Low Accommodation Zones." AAPG Bulletin 85 (2001). http://dx.doi.org/10.1306/8626d9c3-173b-11d7-8645000102c1865d.
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McHargue, Tim R., David M. Hodgson, and Eitan Shelef. "Architectural Diversity of Submarine Lobate Deposits." Frontiers in Earth Science 9 (July 27, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/feart.2021.697170.
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Lobate deposits in deep-water settings are diverse in their depositional architecture but this diversity is under-represented in the literature. Diverse architectures result from multiple factors including source material, basin margin physiography, transport pathway, and depositional setting. In this contribution, we emphasize the impact of differing source materials related to differing delivery mechanisms and their influence on architecture, which is an important consideration in source-to-sink studies. Three well imaged subsurface lobate deposits are described that display three markedly different morphologies. All three lobate examples, two from intraslope settings offshore Nigeria and one from a basin-floor setting offshore Indonesia, are buried by less than 150 m of muddy sediment and are imaged with high resolution 3D reflection seismic data of similar quality and resolution. Distinctively different distributary channel patterns are present in two of the examples, and no comparable distributaries are imaged in a third example. Distributary channels are emphasized because they are objectively recognized and because they often represent elements of elevated fluid content within buried lobate deposits and thus influence permeability structure. We speculate that the different distributary channel patterns documented here resulted from different processes linked to source materials: 1) a lobate deposit that is pervasively channelized by many distributaries that have branched at numerous points is interpreted to result from comparatively mud-rich, stratified, turbulent flows; 2) an absence of distributaries in a lobate deposit is interpreted to result from collapse of mud-poor, turbulent flows remobilized from littoral drift; and 3) a lobate deposit with only a few, long, straight distributaries with few branching points is interpreted to be dominated by highly viscous flows (i.e., debris flows). We propose a conceptual model that illustrates the relationship between the proportion of mud in contributing flows and the relative size and runout distance of lobate deposits. We conclude that reconciling 3D seismic morphologies with outcrop observations of channels, scours, and amalgamation zones, and simple application of hierarchical schemes, is problematic. Furthermore, when characterizing unconfined deep-water deposits in the subsurface, multiple models with significant differences in predicted permeability structure should be considered.
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Kaur, Prabhjot, and Hardeep Singh Saini. "FSO-Based Analysis of LTE-A MAC Protocols to Achieve Improved QoS." Journal of Optical Communications, March 24, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/joc-2019-0289.
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AbstractFiber wireless (Fi-Wi) communication network is the amalgamation of optical and wireless access networks, which provides better bandwidth for achieving efficient data transmission. Medium access control (MAC) protocols are used in the wireless network for controlling the data flow from the transmitter to the receiver end. The delay produced by these protocols tells about the system efficiency. This paper shows a Fi-Wi system in the long-term evaluation-advanced (LTE-A) environment, which incorporates the dependency of delay generated by the specific MAC protocols during the transmission process. This paper aimed to scrutinize the effects of Carrier Sense Multiplexing Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD), Carrier Sense Multiplexing Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA) and Slotted ALOHA on the performance of the Fi-Wi system. Free space optical (FSO) channel is incorporated to forward the data to user end. In such system, the optical signal is multiplexed using the Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) technique and finally the data are fetched at the receiver end and different criterions such eye-height, Q-factor and bit error rate are evaluated. Simulation results are performed using MATLAB software. The comparative analysis is also performed in terms of data transmission efficiency, delay and throughput of MAC protocols. This shows the effective results of the proposed system according to the delay produced by MAC protocols.
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Dam, Gregers, and Finn Surlyk. "Stratigraphy of the Neill Klinter Group; a Lower – lower Middle Jurassic tidal embayment succession, Jameson Land, East Greenland." GEUS Bulletin, June 30, 1998, 1–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.34194/ggub.v175.5026.
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NOTE: This monograph was published in a former series of GEUS Bulletin. Please use the original series name when citing this monograph, for example:
Dam, G., & Surlyk, F. (1998). Stratigraphy of the Neill Klinter Group; a Lower – lower Middle Jurassic tidal embayment succession, Jameson Land, East Greenland. Geology of Greenland Survey Bulletin, 175, 1-80. https://doi.org/10.34194/ggub.v175.5026
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The sediments of the Neill Klinter Group of Jameson Land, East Greenland were deposited in a wide, shallow, wave, storm and tidally-influenced marine embayment situated at the western margin of the Jurassic seaway between Greenland and Norway. The group is formally defined and a new lithostratigraphic scheme is erected on the basis of recent sedimentological, biostratigraphic and sequence stratigraphic studies. The Neill Klinter Formation is changed to group rank; the Rævekløft, Gule Horn and Ostreaelv Members are revised and raised in status to formations, and the Sortehat Formation is redefined and included in the group. The Gule Horn Formation is divided into two new members and the Ostreaelv Formation into seven new members. The Neill Klinter Group is up to 450 m thick.
Sandy and muddy material was transported into the embayment from source areas to the east, west and north. A number of sub-environments are represented in the succession, including: restricted and bioturbated offshore, storm-dominated offshore transition zone, wave and storm-dominated shoreface, storm-dominated sandy shoal, subtidal sand sheet, ebb-tidal delta, tidal channel, wave and storm-dominated lagoon, and ephemeral stream delta.
The Neill Klinter Group consists of seven sequences and is characterised by a near absence of parasequences, interpreted as reflecting high influx rates of sand into the land-locked embayment. Continuous filling of accommodation space and erosion resulted in amalgamation of sedimentary packages, and poor development of facies cyclicity.
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Dandapat, Kishor, and Gopal K. Panda. "A geographic information system-based approach of flood hazards modelling, Paschim Medinipur district, West Bengal, India." Jàmbá: Journal of Disaster Risk Studies 10, no. 1 (March 26, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/jamba.v10i1.518.
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From the beginning of civilisation, human beings have preferred living on the river banks which have been the most vulnerable areas of flood hazards and consequent disasters. During the monsoon period, in many developing countries of south-east Asia, flood hazards and disasters have been a serious challenge for their development. Most of the rivers exceed their normal channel capacity attaining the flood stage and frequently overflow their banks, causing great havoc to the life and property of the people. Flooding is a very serious problem in many districts of West Bengal. The prime concern of delineation of flood-prone areas is to regulate the land use in the flood-prone areas to restrict damage potential and also mitigate the negative effects of floods on people and the economy. In a regulated way, flood-prone areas are required to be developed. Because, on one hand, it is to be ensured that existing hazard and flood damage potential do not increase and new developmental works become a step towards mitigation of disaster risk. In a perspective view, the demarcation and identification of flood-prone areas of different magnitudes, frequencies and return periods on a large-scale map seem to have great importance. Satellite-derived flood maps from 2007 to 2016 have been applied to form a flood frequency map and the same as a group of flood depth maps has been employed to produce the Flood Damage Map for depth data of flood. Finally, the modelling of flood hazards has been directed by envisaging amalgamation of Flood Depth and Flood Affected Frequency. Then the final flood hazard map amalgamated with population and housing data has been used to ascertain the flood disclosure for these two components. Flood hazard analysis in the study area revealed that 24% of the population has been located in high flood hazard zones, where 39% of human settlements are located in different flood hazard zones.
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Sukalyan Ray and Saswati Debnath. "Analytical Study of Vyadhi Lakshan W.S.R. to Pandu Roga." International Journal of Ayurveda and Pharma Research, January 16, 2022, 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.47070/ijapr.v9i12.2195.
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Following the intake of various causative factors, three fundamental alterations happen within human body - vitiation of Dosha (Dosha Prakopana), affliction of Dhatus by vitiated Doshas (Dhatu Pradushana) and impairment of channels (Kha Vaigunya). Localization of vitiated Doshas within channels depends on the site of Kha Vaigunya which ultimately leads to interaction between vitiated Dosha and Dhatus - known as Dosha Dushya Sammurchhana . Dosha Dushya Sammurchhana takes place following two principles of amalgamation - Prakriti Sama Samavaya and Vikriti Vishama Samavaya. As consequence of this amalgamation, several signs and symptoms do appear in body depending on the involved Dosha, Dhatu, state of Agni, type of Srota & Srotadusti and various other factors. Clinical features of any disease can be classified in to two category - those which appears before the onset of actual disease are known as Purva Rupa or prodromal features and when these features become more prominent in the mature state of disease, they are called Rupa / Lakshana or main clinical features. The mechanism behind appearance of every sign and symptom in the course of illness can be explained on the basis of several factors like involved Dosha, Dhatus, Agni, Srota, Oja and various other factors depending on the principle of Karya Karana Vada. Thus these clinical features of any disease which are mentioned in different classical texts should not be regarded as just mere scholarly inference, rather each and every symptoms can be explained methodically applying the principles of Ayurveda. For this purpose, example of a common disease in form of Pandu Roga has been taken in this article and explanation has been given about the possible mechanism of appearance of various prodromal features and principal features of this disease.
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Sarkar, Deepranjan, and Amitava Rakshit. "Amalgamation of Farmers’ Bio-priming Knowledge in Integrated Nutrient Management for Sustainable Management of Red Cabbage Soil Under Middle Gangetic Plains, India." Environmental Management, April 7, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-022-01638-3.
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Mishra, Bhabani, and S. S. Rath. "A Comparative Study of Non-performing Assets Using Non-parametric Test: Indian Scheduled Commercial Banks." Arthaniti: Journal of Economic Theory and Practice, August 2, 2021, 097674792110278. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09767479211027874.
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Galloping levels of impaired assets slowly destroy the economy by throwing it into a major financial crisis. The current article studies recent trends and compositions of stressed assets among 45 selected Indian commercial banks. The non-parametric test (Kruskal–Wallis) is applied to know whether there exists any difference in the movement of gross non-performing assets ratios and net non-performing assets ratios (NNPAs) among bank groups and individual banks. The group-wise comparative study shows that a significant difference exists in the movement of NNPA ratio only between foreign banks and public sector banks and between private banks and public sector banks. Significant differences also exist among the individual banks in foreign and private bank groups. The Games–Howell post-hoc test finds that some pairs of banks have significant differences. The current financial downswing attributed to pandemic has increased the chances of fraudulency and sporadic default events and enhanced the problem of bad loans. Amalgamations of State Bank of India with its associates in 2017 and Bank of Baroda with Dena Bank and Vijaya Bank in 2019 have shown falls in stressed assets that possibly foreshow the future furtherance in asset quality of other four anchor banks that are merged with six banks, with effect from April 2020. JEL Codes: G21, G34
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Habermann, Birgit, Todd A. Crane, Leah Gichuki, Tigist Worku, Roland Mugumya, Nathan Maiyo, Emmaculate Kiptoo, et al. "The Art of Letting Go: Transforming Participatory Research on Adaptation Practices Among Local Livestock-Keepers in East Africa in Times of Covid-19." Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems 5 (January 4, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2021.768445.
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Participatory action research (PAR) puts high emphasis on the interaction of the research participants. However, with the onset of the Covid-19 pandemic in March 2020, the central role of researchers in participatory research processes had to be questioned and revisited. New modes of PAR developed dynamically under the new circumstances created by the pandemic. To better understand how Covid-19 changed the way PAR is applied, we analyzed PAR in agricultural research for development carried out in the Programme for Climate-Smart Livestock Systems (PCSL) implemented by the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) at five research sites in Kenya, Ethiopia, and Uganda. To understand how PAR changed in a component on adaptation research in the PCSL we facilitated a reflexive study with livestock keepers and researchers to document their experiences of PAR during the Covid-19 pandemic. The analytical framework focuses on highlighting the core characteristics and the underlying ethos of PAR in this case study. The lessons learnt in the process of adapting to the realities of doing participatory research in the middle of a pandemic provide important arguments for further amalgamating the PAR philosophy into similar research designs. The onset of the pandemic has led to a further decentering of the researcher and a shift of the focus to the citizen, in this case the local livestock keeper, that made it more participatory in the stricter interpretation of the term. Letting go of controlling both narrative and implementation of the research will be challenging for researchers in many research fields. However, this shift of power and this transformation of research methodologies is inevitable if the research should remain relevant and impactful. Ultimately, the transition into a Covid-19 future and the awareness that similar pandemics could dramatically interrupt our lives any time, will have an impact on how projects are designed and funded. More long-term funding and less pressure on providing immediate results can build community trust and ownership for research at a local level.