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Academic literature on the topic 'Channa punctatus'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 18 May 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Channa punctatus"

1

Rani, Rekha, and R. K. Gautam. "Assessement of nuvan toxicity to lipids in snake headed fresh water fish Channa punctatus." Environment Conservation Journal 13, no. 3 (December 20, 2012): 87–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.36953/ecj.2012.130315.

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The healthy functioning of the biosphere in our planet, the life depends entirely on the water flow and steady state phenomenon. Lethal concentration of Nuvan calculated for the fresh water snake headed fish Channa punctatus 0.27ml/L after 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours. For the chronic study 1/10th Nuvan concentration (0.027ml/L) provided to observe fish. Blood serum cholesterol (Chol.) and triglycerides (TG) estimated after chronic toxic stress of Nuvan to fish Channa punctatus. Fish serum TG revealed significant decrease level while Cholesterol showed significant elevated level after 7, 14, 21, and 28days at different level p > 0.05, p <0.01 and p <0.001 in fresh water fish Channa punctatus.

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kumar, Sunil, Virendra Kumar, and Manish Maheshwari. "EFFECTS OF LEAD ACETATE ON RESPIRATORY BEATS AND OPERCULUM ACTIVITIES OF SNAKEHEAD FISH, CHANNA PUNCTATUS." Journal of Science Innovations and Nature of Earth 3, no. 2 (June 17, 2023): 17–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.59436/https://jsiane.com/archives3/2/77.

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Channa punctatus, a species of freshwater fish, was subjected to an experiment to measure the effects of lead acetate on its morphology, respiratory rate, and operculum activity. The fish in the experiment were dosed with lead acetate, which might have entered their bodies through their gills, skin, or digestive systems. Lead acetate was shown to have accumulated on the gills, operculum, morphology, and respiratory rate of the cichlid fish Channa punctatus. Fishes are particularly vulnerable to the accumulation of heavy metals in fresh water since they are the top consumer in aquatic systems. Fish consumption may have an effect on humans, especially in regions where fish is a staple meal. Keyboard: Lead Acetate, Behavioral changes, Operculum movement, Channa punctatus.

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Sadguru, Prakash. "Bioaccumulation and Bioconcentration Factor of Heavy Metals in the Tissues of Freshwater Fish Channa punctatus Collected from Sawan Nallaha, Balrampur, Uttar Pradesh, India." International Journal of Zoological Investigations 08, no. 01 (2022): 389–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.33745/ijzi.2022.v08i01.042.

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Heavy metal pollution in aquatic environment has a significant adverse effect on fishes and also to the human being. The present investigation was designed to assess the concentrations of heavy metals in water and fish, Channa punctatus of Sawan Nallaha, a tributary of River Rapti in Balrampur, Uttar Pradesh, India. The different water samples were collected from the Sawan Nallaha, downstream the city of Balrampur, and analyzed for the selected heavy metals by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The concentration of heavy metals in Sawan Nallaha was below the permissible limit of Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS). Heavy metal accumulation and bioconcentration factor were studied in gill, liver, kidney and muscles of fish, Channa punctatus inhabiting the Sawan Nallaha. The order of bioaccumulation of different metal concentrations in fish was: Ni >Pb>Mn> Zn > Cr > Cu>Cd and the order of total observed metal concentration in tissues was Liver> Kidney>Gill> Muscles. The results of Bioconcentration Factor (BCF) showed that fish, Channa punctatus has the ability to accumulate heavy metals in its tissues. As illustrated in BCFs, most of the heavy metals moderately bioaccumulate except nickel and lead which are highly accumulative. The fish, Channa punctatus in this study was used as biomonitoring indicator

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Prem Sagar, Prem Sagar, Shalini Yadav, Shekhar Biswas, Neelam Neelam, and Anand Pratap Singh. "TOXIC EFFECT OF BIFENTHRIN INSECTISIDE ON THE LIVER ENZYMES IN CHANNA PUNCTATUS (BLOCH.)." Journal of Science Innovations and Nature of Earth 3, no. 3 (September 23, 2023): 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.59436/https://jsiane.com/archives3/3/94.

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Pollution levels in today's world are rapidly rising, endangering not just the natural world but also human and animal health. Dangerous contaminants include things like metals, human waste, and agricultural runoff with pesticides. Treatment of Channa punctatus (Bloch.) with bifenthrin insecticide for 7, 15, 30, 45, and 60 days resulted in significant increases in the levels of Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), and Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), as compared to the control group. Keywords : Channa punctatus, bifenthrin, Alanine Aminotransferase, Aspartate Aminotransferase, Alkaline Phosphatase

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Saxena, Kamal Kumar, and Renu Chaudhari. "Study of chromosomal abnormalities in Channa punctatus exposed to fenvalerate." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 2, no. 1 (June 1, 2010): 70–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v2i1.99.

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The chromosomal aberration test in kidney cells of Channa punctatus was conducted to study the genotoxic effect of synthetic pyrethroid fenvalerate, Different chromosomal abnormalities were seen and their frequency was recoded in metaphase spreads obtained from fishes exposed to three sub lethal concentrations (0.0625, 0.0314 and 0.0157 ppm) of this compound. The exposure to fenvalerate caused various structural abnormalities in chromosomes such as chromatid break, fragment, gap, chromatid separation, deletion and ring type chromosomes. Results obtained in present investigations clearly indicate that fenvalerate acts as a genotoxic agent in Channa punctatus.

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Prakash, Sadguru. "Condition Factor, Hepato-somatic Index and Gonado-somatic Index of Fish, Channa punctatus Collected from Sawan Nallaha, Balrampur, U.P." Scientific Temper 13, no. 01 (June 25, 2022): 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.58414/scientifictemper.2022.13.1.06.

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Biomarkers are measurements within an organism that respond to environmental changes andare used as bio-monitoring tools that reflect physiological changes induced by exposure topollutants. The condition factor (K), hepatosomatic index (HSI) and gonado-somatic index(GSI)of fish, Channa punctatus was used to assess the effects of industrial pollutant stress. Forthis study, Channa punctatus was collected from Sawan Nallaha, a small lotic waterbody inall the seasons (Summer, monsoon and Winter). Fish collected from the non-polluted site hadthe higher condition factor (K) HSI and GSI as compared to fish collected from polluted sitethat received the industrial effluent and domestic sewage. K, HSI and GSI are simple and costeffectivebio-monitoring tool and can be used in pollution monitoring.

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Puinyabati, H., M. Shomorendra, and Devashish Kar. "Studies on trematode parasites of air breathing fishes of Awangsoi Lake, Manipur." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 2, no. 2 (December 1, 2010): 242–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v2i2.128.

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The present investigation deals with a systematic survey of trematode parasites of air breathing fishes from Awangsoi Lake collected during 2008-2009. The air breathing fishes found in Awangsoi Lake are Channa punctatus, Clarias batrachus, Channa striatus, Channa orientalis, Anabas testudineus and Heteropneustes fossilis. During the study period the following 5 species of trematodes were collected : Clinostomum complanatum, Allocreadium handia, Allocreadium fasciatusi, Astiotrema reniferum and Genarcopsis goppo. The percentage of abundance was found to be maximum in Astiotrema reniferum and Anabas testudineus harbours the maximum number of parasites.

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Gupta, Yogesh, and Pravesh Kumar. "Effect of mercury (HG) on some biological parameters of channa punctatus." International Journal of Biological Research 4, no. 1 (March 23, 2016): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijbr.v4i1.5910.

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<p>Freshwater fish, channa punctatus caught from Yamuna river studied for toxicity and biological parameters. In the present study short-term (96 hr) toxicity of mercury in relation to estimation of hematological test for channa punctatus. The control fishes showed mean value of 75.00 g/dL for hemoglobin. The fishes were exposed to sub- lethal concentration of mercuric chloride showed the hemoglobin mean values of 67.2, 50.8, 42.6 and 29.2 g/dL hemoglobin at 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, and 0.10 ppm treatment respectively. The values for treatments showed a significant decrease when compared to the control (P-0.05).The heavy metals has a direct effect on the 96-hr LC50 values of the respective heavy metals and the susceptibility of fish.</p>

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Gautam, N. Kumari, P. Kumar Misra, and A. Murari Saxena. "Seasonal variation in helminth parasites of snakeheads Channa punctatus and Channa striatus (Perciformes: Channidae) in Uttar Pradesh, India." Helminthologia 55, no. 3 (September 1, 2018): 230–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/helm-2018-0020.

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Summary Snakehead fishes are widely consumed throughout South East Asia, China and India because of their good taste of meat and high nutrient values such as presence of prostaglandins, thromboxane and Omega-6 fatty acid. Parasitic infection constitutes significant economic loss in fish production. The aim of this work was to study the seasonal variation of helminths in snakeheads. In the presented study, a three-year survey has been performed. A total of 1013 individuals of Channa punctatus and 247 individuals of Channa striatus were examined. A total of 3783 helminths were collected, with an average of 3.02 helminths/fish. 43.50 % individuals of C. punctatus and 59.10 % of C. striatus were found to be infected with acanthocephalans, trematodes, nematodes and cestodes per year. The prevalence and mean abundance of Pallisentis sp. was at its peak in summer. However the prevalence of trematodes, nematodes and cestodes was at peak during autumn. Mean abundance of nematodes was at peak in summer. Interestingly, the males were found more infected as compared to the females and the infection rate in males peaked in summer. In comparison to other weight groups, medium size hosts (21 – 40 g) were found more consistently infected. Thus the results indicate that there are seasonal variations in parasitic helminths infecting C. punctatus and C. striatus which also depend upon sex and weight. These variations may be attributed to various environmental and biological factors including parasite life cycle and immune level of host.

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Nangia, Parul, Vikas Yada, and Pooja Kumari. "Bisphenol-A Induced Genotoxicity in Channa punctatus (Bloch)." Bulletin of Pure & Applied Sciences- Zoology 40a, no. 2 (2021): 334–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2320-3188.2021.00040.1.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Channa punctatus"

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Dhar, Gopal. "Toxic effects of selected pesticides on Channa punctatue (Bloch) maintained in Aquaria: a study based on biochemical profiles." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1032.

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Harder, Kendal Thomas Nusbaum Kenneth E. "Interferon kinetics and its effect on DNA vaccine induced immunity in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus)." Auburn, Ala, 2008. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/EtdRoot/2008/SUMMER/Biomedical_Sciences/Thesis/Harder_Kendal_36.pdf.

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Templeton, Christopher Michael. "Disruption of embryonic development in channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, using "sterile-feral" gene constructs." Auburn, Ala., 2005. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2005%20Summer/master's/TEMPLETON_CHRISTOPHER_33.pdf.

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Jiang, Mingkang Daniels William H. "Production comparison of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus, blue catfish I. furcatus, and their hybrids in earthen ponds." Auburn, Ala., 2005. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2005%20Fall/Thesis/JIANG_MINGKANG_29.pdf.

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Yost, Marlena Catherine. "The study of the life cycle of Bolbophorus damnificus and its pathology in the channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus)." Diss., Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2008. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-03132008-095916.

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McNeely, Joshua P. Terhune Jeffery S. "Evaluation of an Aquavac-Esc® booster on production of food-size channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus in earthen ponds." Auburn, Ala., 2006. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2006%20Fall/Theses/MCNEELY_JOSHUA_59.pdf.

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Taylor, Dedric Esmond. "The Acute Toxic Effects of the Synthetic Cannabinoid, JWH-018 on the Cardiovascular and Neuroendocrine Systems in Ictalurus punctatus (Channel Catfish)." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2017. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1011766/.

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Cannabinoid (CB) receptors have been found in most vertebrates that have been studied. The location of various CB receptors in the body and brain are known, but their physiological functions are not fully understood. The effects CBs have on the cardiovascular system have been of growing interest in recent years. Increasing reports from emergency departments and law enforcement agencies detail acute cardiovascular and psychological effects from synthetic CB intoxication, such as JWH-018. This major health concern is substantiated by governmental agencies like the CDC and NIDA. This pilot study investigates the acute toxic effects of the synthetic CB, JWH-018, on the cardiovascular and neuroendocrine systems in Ictalurus punctatus (channel catfish). Research in organisms besides the traditional mammal models can provide new insights into CB function and physiology. Ictalurus punctatus lend multiple benefits as a model organism that permits researchers to investigate in vivo effects of both cardiovascular and neuroendocrine systems without much influence from traditional sampling methods, and further more provide ample size and tissue to perform specific cardiovascular experiments. Multiple methods were used to assess cardiovascular function and sympathetic nervous system activation. Two different doses, low (500 µg/kg) and high 1,500 µg/kg, of JWH-018 were evaluated in the study. Delivery of JWH-018, via dorsal aorta cannulation, was administered to channel catfish in order to measure cardiovascular functions and sample blood. Plasma levels of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal/interrenal (HPA/I) biomarkers; ACTH, cortisol, epinephrine, and norepinephrine, were measured using ELISAs. Myocardial and neural tissue was collected after the exposures for rt-PCR analysis on β2 adrenergic and glucocorticoid receptor density change. Acute exposure of JWH-018 in undisturbed channel catfish yielded several findings: (1) High dose of JWH-018 was responsible for cardio depressor effects in catfish with a tendency to produce tachycardia, (2) rt-PCR results showed a 2.7 fold increase of glucocorticoid receptor mRNA density in catfish cardiomyocytes when exposed to each dose of JWH-018, (3) Catfish plasma ACTH levels were increased with high doses of JWH-018, while plasma cortisol was increased by low doses. Channel catfish is an excellent animal model to examine the effects of synthetic cannabinoids and cardiovascular function. Acute exposures to high levels of JWH-018 appear to produce cardiovascular dysfunction providing evidence that substantiates emergency department reports, in addition yields novel information about the interaction of CBs exposure and the increase of glucocorticoid receptors levels on cardiomyocytes. The channel catfish is a new animal model that can aid in further investigations of CB exposure and multiple physiological functions for health and toxicology studies. With relatively easy adjustments from this pilot study, the effects on CBs can be monitored on Ictalurus punctatus with confident results concerning human health.

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Nallani, Gopinath C. "Determination of Bioconcentration Potential of Selected Pharmaceuticals in Fathead Minnow, Pimephales promelas, and Channel Catfish, Ictalurus punctatus." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2010. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc33189/.

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The primary objective of this work was to determine the tissue-specific bioconcentration factors (BCFs) of the selected pharmaceuticals: norethindrone (NET), ibuprofen (IBU), verapamil (VER), clozapine (CLZ) and fenofibrate (FFB) in two freshwater fishes: fathead minnow and channel catfish. BCF tests on fathead followed the standard OECD 42-day test while a 14-day abridged test design was used in catfish exposures. Additional objectives included a) comparing the measured BCFs to the US EPA's BCFWIN model predicted values, b) comparing the BCF results from the standard and reduced tests, and c) prediction of chronic risk of the pharmaceuticals in fish using the human therapeutic plasma concentrations. Each test included uptake and depuration phases to measure tissue-specific kinetic BCFs. The results indicated that all the pharmaceuticals, except IBU, have the potential for accumulation in fish. Estimated BCFs for NET, VER and FFB may not be significant in view of the current regulatory trigger level (BCF ≥ 2000); however, CLZ's BCF in the liver had approached the criterion level. Significant differences were noticed in the tissue-specific uptake levels of the pharmaceuticals with the following general trend: (liver/kidney) > (gill/brain) > (heart/muscle) > plasma. IBU uptake was highest in the plasma. When compared to the measured BCFs, predicted values for NET, IBU, VER and FFB were slightly overestimated but did not differ largely. However, the measured BCF of CLZ in the liver was approximately two-orders of magnitude higher than the predicted level. The tissue-BCFs for the two species were not widely different indicating the potential usefulness of the reduced BCF test. Comparison of fish and human plasma levels indicated that NET, CLZ and VER have the potential to cause chronic effects in fish.

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Nellis, Shelley. "EFFECTS OF ALTERNATIVE PREY AS A BUFFER TO PREDATION OF CHANNEL CATFISH (ICTALURUS PUNCTATUS) BY LARGEMOUTH BASS (MICROPTERUS SALMOIDES)." VCU Scholars Compass, 2010. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/129.

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Channel catfish have pectoral spines that lock to defend against gape-limited predators such as largemouth bass. Previous work indicated that spines increase survival of channel catfish exposed to bass but did not determine whether bass avoid catfish if less dangerous species are available. We presented bass with channel catfish and two alternatives, bluegill and goldfish, and compared order of ingestion, ingestion time, percent of successful strikes, and time spent chasing each prey species. We also presented the three species in a jar study that standardized position in the water column as well as in a net-pen study. The order of ingestion was suggestive of a preference for goldfish, then bluegill and finally channel catfish. Handling time was greater for channel catfish, less for bluegill, and the least for goldfish. Fewer catfish were eaten when other prey were available. Bass appear to avoid channel catfish if alternative prey is available.

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Triyono, Sugeng. "Continuous simulation of groundwater use and effluent discharge in catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) ponds at five locations in the Southeast U.S." Diss., Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2007. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-05292007-185838.

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Books on the topic "Channa punctatus"

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A, Plumb John, and United States. Environmnetal Protection Agency., eds. Induction of nitric oxide synthase in channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus by Edwardsiella ictaluri. [Washington, D.C.?: Environmental Protection Agency], 1994.

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2

Grande, Terry. Morphology and development of the postcranial skeleton in the channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus (Ostariophysi: Siluriformes). [Chicago, Ill.]: Field Museum of Natural History, 2002.

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Induction of nitric oxide synthase in channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus by Edwardsiella ictaluri. [Washington, D.C.?: Environmental Protection Agency], 1994.

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4

Neumann, David A. Uptake and processing of soluble and particulate antigens by channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). 1986.

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Book chapters on the topic "Channa punctatus"

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Anitha Kumari, S., and N. Sree Ram Kumar. "Length–Weight Relationship and Condition Factor in Channa punctatus (Bloch) from Hussainsagar Lake, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India." In Aquatic Ecosystem: Biodiversity, Ecology and Conservation, 283–86. New Delhi: Springer India, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2178-4_16.

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"Histopathological alterations in the tissues of fresh water fish Channa punctatus (Bloch.) due to sodium arsenite exposure." In Understanding the Geological and Medical Interface of Arsenic - As 2012, 443. CRC Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b12522-160.

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Ghosh, Rajarshi, and Sumit Homechaudhuri. "Seasonal disease occurrence, mortality and survival of adults and fingerlings of Channa punctatus (Bloch) by artificial inoculations of two strains of aeromonads." In Contemporary Health Issues and Environmental Impact, 102–10. Lincoln University College, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31674/books.2018.chiei.ch10.

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"Conservation, Ecology, and Management of Catfish: The Second International Symposium." In Conservation, Ecology, and Management of Catfish: The Second International Symposium, edited by MICHAEL L. FINE, EDWARD N. SISMOUR, SCOTT H. NEWTON, BISHOP T. BOSHER, AMANDA DH SULLIVAN, JOSEPH PAUL MIANO, ZACHARY N. GHAHRAMANI, YASHA J. MOHAJER, and SHELLEY C. NELLIS. American Fisheries Society, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874257.ch63.

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<em>Abstract</em>.—We have been examining proximate (functional morphology) and ultimate factors (survival from predation) relating to the pectoral spine in channel catfish <em>Ictalurus punctatus</em>. We briefly review functional morphology of the spine in channel catfish and then add new data on morphology in other ictalurids, including interpretation of the relatively smooth anterior and armored posterior profiles of the spine, functions of the various pectoral spine muscles, and new details about the mechanism of stridulatory sound production. Binding, locking, and production of stridulation sounds by the spine utilize derived processes on the spine base (dorsal, anterior, and ventral processes) that mate with counterparts within the pectoral girdle. Stridulation sounds are produced as a series of individual pulses during a forward pectoral fin sweep (abduction), and we provide evidence that each pulse is produced by a small amplitude forward movement, a slip-stick movement similar to bowing a violin. An anti-predator adaptation can work as a deterrent that reduces the probability of attack and as a defense that reduces the risk of mortality. Previous work indicated that the spine functions in defense. Intact channel catfish have a threefold greater chance of surviving a session with a largemouth bass <em>Micropterus salmoides</em> predator as comparably sized individuals with clipped spines. The question of whether the spine reduces the probability of attack had not been investigated. We presented bluegills <em>Lepomis macrochirus</em> and channel catfish to largemouth bass and found that largemouth bass consume more bluegills than channel catfish in a choice situation. Thus, experience with the pectoral spines likely deters attack, particularly if other species are available, and the spine increases the probability of surviving attack by complicating ingestion and possibly by the production of distress calls. Survival advantages accruing from the spine appear to have lead to the evolution of complex adaptations that permit locking and sound production.

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"Urban and Community Fisheries Programs: Development, Management, and Evaluation." In Urban and Community Fisheries Programs: Development, Management, and Evaluation, edited by Christopher L. Racey and Clifton Jackson. American Fisheries Society, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874042.ch32.

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<em>Abstract.-</em>The Arkansas Game and Fish Commission’s Family and Community Fishing Program was developed in 2002, and catchable channel catfish <em>Ictalurus punctatus</em>, hybrid striped bass <em>Morone saxatilis </em>x <em>M. chrysops</em>, and rainbow trout <em>Oncorhynchus mykiss </em>have been stocked into ponds and streams seasonally each subsequent year. One of the goals of the program has been to provide families and children with a convenient and excellent chance to catch fish. A toll-free stocking hotline (1-866-540-FISH) was initiated in January 2006 to inform anglers when and where fish had been stocked, so they could plan their fishing trips to program destinations accordingly. Hotline information was provided for 22 ponds during catfish season (April through November) and 17 ponds plus one stream during trout season (December through March). The hotline was generally updated within two hours after stocking, and consisted of information regarding immediate past stocking events as well as general fishing tips. Anglers placed 11,822 calls and spent 15,394 min of call-time on the hotline between January 2006 and May 2007. The number of calls peaked during catfish stocking season in June and was lowest during the September stocking off-season. On average, the hotline cost approximately $40 per month to operate and was four to six times less expensive than paying Commission personnel to answer stocking questions on the telephone. More than 36% of the hotline calls were placed outside of Commission business hours (0800-1630 hours), indicating that anglers were taking advantage of the 24-h information line. A toll-free hotline is a popular, inexpensive, and cost-effective means of supplying stocking information, allowing anglers to make informed decisions when choosing a day and location to fish at program locations.

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Conference papers on the topic "Channa punctatus"

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"Production of Cross Linked Enzyme Aggregate-Lipase from Channel Catfish (Ictularus Punctatus) Viscera Using Bovine Serum Albumin as an Additive." In International Conference on Biological, Chemical and Environmental Sciences. International Institute of Chemical, Biological & Environmental Engineering, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.15242/iicbe.c614017.

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Reports on the topic "Channa punctatus"

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Dunham, Rex A., Boaz Moav, Thomas Chen, and Benzion Cavari. Expression and Inheritance of Growth Hormone Gene Constructs and Selective Breeding of Transgenic Farmed Fish. United States Department of Agriculture, August 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7568774.bard.

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Objectives: To accomplish stable expression, inheritance of transgenes and growth improvement in transgenic channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, and common carp, Cyprinus carpio, containing growth hormone (GH) genes, develop transgenic fish with all fish constructs, determine the relationships between copy number, expression and growth, determine the combined affect of selective breeding and gene transfer and assess environmental risk of transgenic fish. To develop mechanisms of triploidization for transgenic carp. Results: Performance of transgenic channel catfish was made uniform by selection. Growth of channel catfish and common carp was improved 40-50% more by combining gene transfer of GH genes with selection and crossbreeding than with either selection of crossbreeding. Growth improvement of transgenic catfish was not strongly correlated with copy number and expression levels. Progress was made in producting triploid transgenic common carp. Insertion of salmonid GH gene did not alter reproductive performance in channel catfish. Transgenic channel catfish grew no faster than controls when they had to forage on natural food and transgenic individuals were slightly more vulnerable to predation indicating that fitness of transgenic individuals in natural conditions is less than or equal to non-transgenic channel catfish. Contribution to Agriculture: These experiments are the first to demonstrate that transgenic fish can increase aquaculture production in the aquaculture production in the aquaculture environment. This research also demonstrated that maximum benefit of gene transfer in farmed fish is attained when combined with traditional selective breeding.

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