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Adhikari, SR, and S. Bhattarai. "Evidences of stress and its consequences among Nepalese adolescents." Health Renaissance 11, no. 1 (February 10, 2013): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hren.v11i1.7594.
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Background: Changing emotional and physical status along with increasing social, family and academic pressure lead to various impairments in mental health of adolescents. Objective: To examine the level of stress and its consequences in school going adolescences and examine adolescent’s adjustment at various places- home, school, peers, teachers and general matters. Methods: A descriptive and a single stage study were done at one of the school in Kathmandu Metropolitan. Every section of the class of the selected school was visited to explain the students about semi-structured pro forma, Student Stress Scale (SSS) and Pre-Adolescent Adjustment Scale (PAAS). The SSS was used to measure stresses faced by adolescents during last on year and PAAS measured their adjustments at places like home, school, peers, teachers and general matters. Results: 104 students participated in the study, male- 45, female- 59. Children with joint family type showed highest level of stress (mean 424.67; p=0.002). Among females, it is the broken family type which showed the highest level of stress (p=0.002). Among boys, second birth order showed highest level of stress (mean 382.31; p=0.005). Similarly among girls, it was first birth order (Mean 537.67; p=0.009). Among top 10 stressors labeled by students, highest stressor is death of a close family members followed by death of a close friend.Conclusion: Children during adolescent period undergo various stresses and adjustment and it depend upon their ability to cope with stress in various places like home, school, peers and teachers. Health Renaissance, January-April 2013; Vol. 11 No.1; 11-16 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hren.v11i1.7594
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Bassi, Giulia, Elisa Mancinelli, Bianca Boldrini, Giada Mondini, Emilia Ferruzza, Daniela Di Riso, and Silvia Salcuni. "Perception of Changing Habits among Italian Children and Adolescents during COVID-19 Quarantine: An Epidemiological Study." Children 9, no. 6 (May 30, 2022): 806. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children9060806.
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We used an epidemiological study to explore the perception of change in several psychosocial dimensions during the COVID-19 quarantine. We focused on emotions, use of social network sites (SNSs), family life, important relationships, body functions, and school life. Using snowball recruitment, N = 1047 Italian children, pre-adolescents, and adolescents (M = 13.74 ± 3.59) were selected to complete ad hoc online questionnaires. A differential semantic inventory plot was prepared to analyze the emotional experience of children, pre-adolescents, and adolescents during quarantine compared to the pre-quarantine period. The Kruskal–Wallis test was run to assess gender and age differences in emotions experienced, habitual SNS use, and the experience of attending classes remotely. A post hoc Wilcoxon test was performed to compare such differences. Results showed that most of the sample (93.1%) attended classes using technological devices and reported missing their classmates very much (59.3%). Adolescents experienced more negative emotions (M = 3.69 ± 1.33) than pre-adolescents (M = 4.64 ± 1.32), who experienced negative emotions more than children (M = 5.11 ± 1.24). Females were more prone to experience negative emotions compared to males. Adolescents were also the most prolific SNS users (78.1%), particularly female adolescents. Overall, these finding highlight the necessity of preserving the emotional state and relational well-being of youth in these developmental phases by considering their school and social lives.
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Zago-Gomes, Maria P., Gustavo C. Stantolin, Sandro Perazzio, Kioshi H. Aikawa, Carlos S. Gonçalves, and Fausto E. L. Pereira. "Prevalence of anti-hepatits A antibodies in children of different socioeconomic conditions in Vila Velha, ES." Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical 38, no. 4 (August 2005): 285–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0037-86822005000400001.
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This report describes the prevalence of anti-HAV antibodies in children from elementary school in the Municipality of Vila Velha, ES, Brazil. Anti-HAV antibodies were investigated by ELISA method in the serum of 606 children (four to fourteen years old) from three elementary schools, located in neighborhoods with varying household monthly income levels: São José School, 200 chidren, household income higher than US$700; São Torquato School, 273 children, US$200 to 300; and Cobi School, 133 children, less than US$200. From each children data on age, gender, skin color, sanitary conditions, frequency of contact with sea or river water and family history of hepatitis were recorded. Anti-HAV antibodies were present in 38.6% of all children, 9% in São José School, 49.1% in São Torquato School and 61.7% in Cobi School. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated a positive correlation of positive anti-HAV test with age, non white color of the skin, absence of sewage treatment and domestic water filter, and a past history of hepatitis. The prevalence of anti-HAV antibodies in school children in Vila Velha, ES, was lower than that observed in the same age group in North and Northeast Brazil and was significantly higher in children from families with low socioeconomic status. In addition the results indicate a changing epidemiologic pattern of hepatitis A in our country, with an increasing number of children and adolescents with high risk for HAV infection, mainly in high socioeconomic class. A consideration must be given to the feasibility of vaccination programs for children and adolescents in our country.
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Kedar, Ashwini, and Sanjay Gupta. "School related factors affecting non communicable diseases risk factors among 13-15 years old adolescents from two schools in Delhi." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 6, no. 7 (June 28, 2019): 3087. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20192856.
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Background: Children and adolescents are more vulnerable to developing NCD (non communicable diseases) risk factors due to changing lifestyles. Hence it is essential to recognize NCD risk factors among adolescents. School plays an important role in imparting knowledge and shaping the behaviours and practices among children. This study focusses on the school related factors that may be influencing the NCD risk factors among adolescents.Methods: The study was conducted among 438 students, 13 to 15 years old of two central government schools in Delhi. A self-administered modified STEPS questionnaire, an observation checklist for assessing facilities at schools and an interview schedule for school staff were used to collect data.Results: The statistically significant determinants of inadequate fruits and vegetable intake and excess fast food intake were consumption of fast food from vendors selling food outside the school (OR=4.36), inadequate physical activity at school (OR=2.56) and feeling stressed at school (OR=2.93). Physical activity at school was an important determinant for overall physical activity of students (OR=2.38). Current tobacco use and current alcohol use was determined by feeling stressed at school (OR=3.12). Health education classes at school had a protective effect on the NCD risk factors.Conclusions: Many school related factors such as absence of playground at school, stressed life at school and vendors selling fast food outside school were seen to influence lifestyle risk factors amongst adolescents. Hence an active involvement of school by increasing health education classes and providing adequate facilities for physical activities may help in reducing the NCD risk factors among students.
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Prosser, Jonathan, and Paul McArdle. "The changing mental health of children and adolescents: evidence for a deterioration?" Psychological Medicine 26, no. 4 (July 1996): 715–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291700037739.
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SynopsisThis paper reviews the evidence for changing patterns of mental health over time in childhood and youth in Western societies. The evidence suggests that the prevalence of major depression, substance abuse and offending behaviour, as well as the incidence of suicide, is increasing in adolescent populations, particularly among males. There are also indications that problem behaviours among younger children are becoming more common. There is no evidence of a deterioration in the adjustment of the pre-school population.
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Wodrich, David L., Mark E. Swerdlik, Tiffany Chenneville, and Steven Landau. "HIV/AIDS Among Children and Adolescents: Implications for the Changing Role of School Psychologists." School Psychology Review 28, no. 2 (June 1, 1999): 228–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02796015.1999.12085960.
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Silva, Rosana Maria Matos, Tomás Daniel Menendez Rodriguez, and Paola Matos Menendez. "Traffic Education involving Children in Latin America and Brazil." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 8, no. 8 (August 1, 2020): 775–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol8.iss8.2588.
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The Traffic Education is currently a reality to be considered, considering that traffic accident is the main cause of death among children and adolescents, surpassing even homicides and any other “natural” cause of death, where it aims to preserve the life and physical integrity of humans beings in traffic situations. Thus, this article aims to present the contextualization of public policies for the reduction of accidents suffered by children from Early Childhood Education to Elementary School in Latin America and Brazil in the last decade. In conclusion, Traffic Education can contribute to the formation of adequate behaviors of children and adolescents, changing, in the medium and long term, the behavior of adults, where the school, family and government should be involved, emphasizing that this work should begin from an early age and extend to higher education.
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Hlomani-Nyawasha, Thokozani J., Anna Meyer-Weitz, and Catherine O. Egbe. "Factors influencing alcohol use among female in-school adolescents in the Western Cape, South Africa." South African Journal of Psychology 50, no. 4 (August 21, 2020): 574–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0081246320946298.
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The increasing levels and more frequent use of alcohol among females, especially those in younger age groups, is a worldwide concern. An in-depth understanding of this phenomenon is, however, limited. This study aimed to explore the factors influencing alcohol use among female adolescent students as guided by the ecological systems theory of Bronfenbrenner. Data were collected from 25 female high school students in Grade 9 in the Western Cape, South Africa, using five individual semi-structured interviews and two focus group discussions with each group comprising 10 students. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. The findings of the study indicated that participants begin drinking at an early age and due to low self-esteem, which makes them prone to peer influence. Female adolescents are also influenced by various factors residing within the microsystem (family members and peers), mesosystem (lack of parental attention, weak mother-to-daughter relationship, influence of peers and dating partners), exosystem (media advertisement and lifestyle of celebrities), macrosystem (change in societal roles), and chronosystem (transition to higher education). Interventions are needed in schools to help female adolescents resist peer pressure and cope with the changing environment of high school. Also, parents should be educated on the influence of their drinking behaviour on their children in order for them to be more cautious when drinking at home. Adolescent students will benefit from educational materials on the harmfulness of alcohol use.
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Brodwall, Anne, and Mette Brekke. "Children’s and adolescents’ experiences with functional abdominal pain: a qualitative study in Norway." BMJ Open 11, no. 9 (September 2021): e048949. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-048949.
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ObjectiveFunctional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) are common during childhood and adolescence. When a somatic diagnosis is excluded, the healthcare system often terminates contact with the patient. The aim of the present study was to learn more about children’s and adolescents’ experiences with, and reflections on, the causes of their abdominal pain and what could possibly help them.DesignThe study has a qualitative design. Interviews with open questions were carried out by the first author. The conversations were audiotaped, transcribed and analysed by means of qualitative content analysis.SettingChildren and adolescents referred from general practitioners located in urban and rural regions in two municipals in Norway. In 2016 and 2019, we had interviewed these children’s parents about their child’s abdominal pain. In spring 2020, the children and adolescents were interviewed.ParticipantsTwelve children and adolescents aged 10–18 years with FGIDs.ResultsEight of the children and adolescents had recovered from their abdominal pain, while four still had symptoms. They felt frustrated by not having a diagnosis and by the lack of available treatment. Some who had been absent from school for weeks to months felt isolated and depressed. Focusing on positive thoughts and activities was reported to improve the pain. The abdominal pain could be considered a manifestation of mental problems.ConclusionsThinking differently about the symptoms reduced the FGIDs for the children and adolescents. The treating physicians as well as parents and teachers need to help the child focus on changing the mindset of pain.
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Doskabulova, Dariya, Arstan Mamyrbaev, Artashes Tadevosyan, Perizat Aitmaganbet, and Nurgul Alekenova. "Regional Features in Evaluating Nutrition and Health Conditions of Children and Adolescents." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 8, E (August 10, 2020): 488–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2020.4671.
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BACKGROUND: The frequency of breakfast consumption as a determinant of fruit and vegetable intake among children and adolescents has been poorly investigated.
AIM: In this article, we examine whether irregular food intake is associated with fruit and vegetable intake among children and adolescents.
METHODS: We use a separate analysis, with special attention being paid to the potentially changing effects of gender and age. The methodology of health behavior in school-aged children is used.
RESULTS: The obtained results show that irregular breakfast consumption among children and adolescents is associated with a low frequency of fruit and vegetable intake and that gender and age can play a decisive role. Various associations observed in different age and gender groups indicate the importance of a separate analysis of fruit and vegetable intake and types of food.
CONCLUSION: The results emphasize the importance of encouraging regular food intake while trying to increase fruit and vegetable intake among children and adolescents.
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Butler, Susan M., Elizabeth A. Boucher, Jennifer Tobison, and Hanna Phan. "Medication Use in Schools: Current Trends, Challenges, and Best Practices." Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics 25, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 7–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5863/1551-6776-25.1.7.
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There are a significant number of students on maintenance medications for chronic diseases or with diagnoses that may result in medical emergencies requiring administration of medications in school. With passing of legislation in all 50 states allowing self-administration of emergency medications for allergic reactions and asthma, the landscape of medication use in schools is changing. These changes have raised questions about the need for legislation or policy development relating to self-carrying and self-administration of medications for other disease states, undesignated stock of emergency medications, and administration of medications by non-medical personnel. Medication administration in the school setting has become a complex issue, and this review will discuss current legislation related to medication use in schools and provide best practices for administering medications to children and adolescents while at school.
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Vaquero-Solís, Gallego, Tapia-Serrano, Pulido, and Sánchez-Miguel. "School-based Physical Activity Interventions in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 3 (February 5, 2020): 999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17030999.
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Background: The aim of this systematic review was to examinemotivational interventions based on physical activity as precursor of psychosocial benefits inside of the scholar context. Method: studies were identified in seven databases (Web of Science, Sport Discuss, Scopus, Eric, Pubmed, Psycinfo and Google Scholar). The search process was from June 2011 to September 2019. A total of 41 articles met the inclusion criteria. Results: 23 studies showed psychological effects after intervention and also 10 studies showed psychosocial effect after the intervention. The rest of the studies, although they presented changes, did not become significant.Conclusions: this systematic review showed the importance of motivational processes for the performance of physical activity and sport as a precursor of psychosocial changesand highlights the importance of strategies and the temporal nature of studies to maintain significant changes over time.Likewise, the study shows the future trend of motivational interventions, highlighting the female gender as participants of special interest, and changing the methodology through web-based interventions and active breaks or mental breaks during traditional subject classes.
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Mitru, Georgios, Daniel L. Millrood, and Jason H. Mateika. "The Impact of Sleep on Learning and Behavior in Adolescents." Teachers College Record: The Voice of Scholarship in Education 104, no. 4 (June 2002): 704–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016146810210400405.
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Many adolescents are experiencing a reduction in sleep as a consequence of a variety of behavioral factors (e.g., academic workload, social and employment opportunities), even though scientific evidence suggests that the biological need for sleep increases during maturation. Consequently, the ability to effectively interact with peers while learning and processing novel information may be diminished in many sleep-deprived adolescents. Furthermore, sleep deprivation may account for reductions in cognitive efficiency in many children and adolescents with special education needs. In response to recognition of this potential problem by parents, educators, and scientists, some school districts have implemented delayed bus schedules and school start times to allow for increased sleep duration for high school students, in an effort to increase academic performance and decrease behavioral problems. The long-term effects of this change are yet to be determined; however, preliminary studies suggest that the short-term impact on learning and behavior has been beneficial. Thus, many parents, teachers, and scientists are supporting further consideration of this information to formulate policies that may maximize learning and developmental opportunities for children. Although changing school start times may be an effective method to combat sleep deprivation in most adolescents, some adolescents experience sleep deprivation and consequent diminished daytime performance because of common underlying sleep disorders (e.g., asthma or sleep apnea). In such cases, surgical, pharmaceutical, or respiratory therapy, or a combination of the three, interventions are required to restore normal sleep and daytime performance.
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Oluwayemi, I. O., S. J. Brink, E. E. Oyenusi, O. A. Oduwole, and M. A. Oluwayemi. "Fasting Blood Glucose Profile among Secondary School Adolescents in Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria." Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism 2015 (2015): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/417859.
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Background.Over the past two decades there has been an increase in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in children. Baseline data is needed to assess the impact of changing lifestyles on Ado-Ekiti, a previously semiurban community in Southwest Nigeria. This study was therefore conducted to assess the fasting blood glucose (FBG) of adolescents in Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria.Methodology.This was a cross-sectional study involving 628 adolescents from three different secondary schools in Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria. With parental consent, volunteers completed a structured questionnaire, and an overnight FBG was measured.Results.There were 346 males and 282 females (male : female ratio = 1.2 : 1). Their ages ranged from 10 to 19 years (mean age:14.2±1.7years). Four hundred and forty-four (70.7%) had normal FBG, while 180 (28.7%) and 4 (0.6%) had FBG in the prediabetic and diabetic range, respectively. Female gender, age group 10–14 years, and family history of obesity were significantly associated with impaired FBG (Pvalue <0.001, <0.001, and 0.045, resp.).Conclusion.Impaired FBG is common among secondary school adolescents and it is more prevalent among younger female adolescents (10–14 years) with positive family history of obesity.
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Iqbal, Mohmad. "The Level of Knowledge and Awareness About Sex and Reproductive Health Among Adolescents in Kashmir." Journal of Psychosexual Health 3, no. 1 (January 2021): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2631831821989927.
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Background: A human body keeps changing physiologically, biologically, and psychologically from birth to death. There is always a change in all human faculties. But adolescence is a phase earmarked where a human body experiences drastic changes among all these faculties. And any such bodily change carrying baggage of shame, insecurity, stigma, and concealment demands on-time awareness and intervention. Aim: The aim of the study is to understand the knowledge and level of awareness regarding sexual and reproductive health among the school-going adolescents of Kashmir Valley where majority of the population belongs to Muslim conservative culture. Methodology: Due to COVID-19 lockdown, the inability of access to schools and children gave the researcher the opportunity to utilize the alternate places and a total of 550 students from classes 8, 9, and 10 were selected for the purpose. The permission was sought from the respective teachers and then the parents. The sample was a combination of boys and girls, students from both private and government-run schools. The researcher collected the data and it was tabulated systematically and analyzed using Microsoft Excel. P value was evaluated by using an application “P Value: A Statistical Tool” from Play Store. Results and Conclusion: The results depicted that higher the level of class, more the knowledge they had about the matter. Girls had a little knowledge about sexual and reproductive health than boys. This study felt a dire need of educating both parents and adolescent boys and girls regarding sexual health. The shame does not lie in educating the children but in the mishaps that may result due to unawareness about the same.
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Mohammed Albakry, Ibrahim, Saad Dhaifallah Alsilah, Zainab Hassan Ali Alfaraj, Ahmed Hadi Al Mashni, Fawaz Mana Al Zulayq, Abdullah Hussain S Al Salem, and Fesal Farag Nouman Alanezi. "TRAUMATIC DENTAL INJURIES, MANAGEMENT AND COMPLICATIONS IN SCHOOL GOING CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS. AN UPDATE." International Journal of Advanced Research 11, no. 01 (January 31, 2023): 967–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/16105.
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Objective. The purpose is to outline the etiology, prevalence and potential consequences of dentaltrauma. Materialandmethods.MicroelectronicexaminationofMedline(PubMed),Cochrane,SSCI(SocialCitation Index), SCI (Science Citation Index) records from 1995 to the present, using the following searchwords:toothinjuries,toothtrauma,traumatizedteeth,dentaltrauma,dento-alveolartrauma,oraltrauma,epidemiology,etiology,prevalence,prevention,pulpnecrosis,inflammatoryresorption,ankyloses,cervicalresorption, was implemented. Results. During the last decade, traumatic dental injuries were recognized as a public dental healthproblem worldwide. Prevalence of traumatic dental injuries varies among countries. In line with theexistingdatatheyaremoreprevalentinpermanentthaninprimarydentition.Alltreatmentprocedures,incaseofdentaltrauma,aredirectedtominimizeundesiredconsequencesdespitethefact,thattreatmentof traumatic dental injuries in the young patient is often complicated and can continue duringthe rest of his/her life. The changing lifestyle and requirements of modern society have lead to anemergence of new patterns of dental trauma. A regular update of knowledge in dental traumatology isrequired. Conclusion-ThemostfrequentTDIincludedlateralluxationinprimaryteethandenamel-dentinefractures inpermanentteeth.Weobserveda delayinpatientsobtainingemergency dentalcare.
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Siembida, Martyna. "Kindergarten as a place to introduce children to the world of values." Pedagogika. Studia i Rozprawy 28 (2019): 215–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.16926/p.2019.28.17.
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Pre-school education center is one of the places where the child gains knowledge, develops skills and shapes his personality. The aim of the activities undertaken by teachers should be the gradual introduction of children in the richness of the most beautiful values in accordance with the assumptions of the current core curriculum. The constantly changing society affects changes in the accepted value systems by adults, children and adolescents. This requires searching for new solutions and ways to influence the personality of a small child. Therefore, it was important to determine whether the kindergarten plays an important role in upbringing to values of pre-school children and to examine what role the teacher plays in this process in order to effectively introduce children to the world of values. Certain values identified by the child already at the stage of pre-school education will determine the way of proceeding in later, adult life.
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Kaur, Kamaljit, and Saifur Rahman. "ROLE OF FAMILY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIAL COMPETENCE AND EMOTIONAL RESILIENCE AMONG CHILDREN WITH LEARNING DISABILITIES." SCHOLARLY RESEARCH JOURNAL FOR HUMANITY SCIENCE AND ENGLISH LANGUAGE 9, no. 47 (October 1, 2021): 11681–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.21922/srjhsel.v9i47.7713.
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In this contemporary period, life is changing very swiftly. As a repercussion, adolescents are facing lots of challenges and adjustment problems at home and school. Parents and teachers are worried about the academic achievement and social, emotional adaption of adolescents. The characteristics of family like; parental attitudes, parental involvement, and family relationships, have been found predicting social skills in children with disabilities (Bennett 8 Hay, 2007). The present study was conducted to examine the relationship of family role with social competence and emotional resilience among children with learning disabilities by applying the test co-efficient of correlation. The sample of the study comprised of 60 (15 LD children, 15 fathers, 15 mothers, 15 siblings) selected from U.T. Chandigarh. The major findings revealed that social competence has no relationship with family role but emotional resilience has significant correlation with family role.
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Lestari, Audia, Afiah Fakhira, Alfiah Ismiana, and Annisaa Annisaa. "Fast Food Consumption Behavior in Adolescents." Muhammadiyah International Public Health and Medicine Proceeding 1, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 607–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.53947/miphmp.v1i1.107.
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The nutritional needs of adolescents need to be considered because during adolescence there is rapid growth and development. Unhealthy eating habits will affect the nutritional intake of adolescents. Unhealthy foods such as fast food are consumed by teenagers. At a time when everything is as modern as it is now, teenagers want everything fast-paced, including choosing food fast food is also kn own to the public as junk food. Junk food is defined as junk food or food that has no nutrition for the body. Eating junk food is not only useless but can also be detrimental to health. Fast food comes from western countries which generally have high fat and calorie content. Descriptive research method with a qualitative approach to the method of phenomenology. The sample in this study was four (4) students consisting of one grade 1 high school, two grade 2 high school students, and 1 grade 3 senior high school student. This study wants to explore the phenomena experienced by students in consuming fast food. Many factors influence teenagers to consume fast food. These factors are discussed based on research articles and book references. Factors that influence the consumption of fast food include taste, price, comfortable place, and the influence of peers. Fast food can increase the risk of several diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and blood lipid disorders or dyslipidemia. Obesity or overweight is experienced by many children, adolescents, and adults. Obesity occurs due to changing lifestyles, including eating patterns that often eat fast food. Eating fast food too often does not only lead to obesity. However, obesity experienced by a person will increase a person's risk factors for suffering from other degenerative diseases, such as high blood pressure, diabetes, cancer, heart disease, and stroke.
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Gorkovaya, Irina Alekseyevna. "Fears among children and overcoming them." Pediatrician (St. Petersburg) 5, no. 3 (September 15, 2014): 128–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/ped53128-133.
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The article examines the fears of children, which are divided into three following groups: the “instinctive” fears (fear of death, death of relatives, fear of doctors, injections, etc.), fears of “interpersonal relations” (fear of being late, did not catch, fear of inability to cope with feelings, fear of disapproval from peers, etc.) and “technological” fears (fear of fire, fly a plane, explosions, etc.). According to the research of 2008- 2011, almost all children revealed a fear of losing their parents. Change is observed in the content side: children 4-6 years were afraid of losing their parents because parents provide their lives. The perception of parents is changing at the age of 7-9 years and children realize love for them, in 10-11 years signs of the partnership and its value appear. Also the fear of school can be attributed like one of the most frequent fears in children and adolescents. The results of our study showed that almost every third child in the preschool group does not want to go to school and / or nega-tively assesses its educational opportunities. Number of school fears decreases with age and in early adolescence 11-12 years is about 20 %. The article contains a description of such ways to overcome fears as: creation of conditions to transfer interactions and feelings on the toy to defuse a tension; drawing as a way of expressing positive and negative emotions; a variety of fairy tales including in the form metaphors of the life path; parent’s ability to control the amount of crisis situations in children using the Diary of a gradual change of the child problematic behaviour and etc. The study examined the phenomenon of “no fear” in children, which has been found in almost every tenth child. Discusses its possible causes and negative sides.
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Kusyanti, Florentina, and Michael Edy Wibowo. "PENGARUH PEMBERIAN MATERI NAPZA DENGAN PENINGKATAN PENGETAHUAN DAN PENCEGAHAN PENYALAHGUNAAN TENTANG NARKOBA DI SMA." Medika Respati : Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan 17, no. 1 (February 20, 2022): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.35842/mr.v17i1.451.
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Background: The era is getting more advanced by following the development of the world globally, likewise the development of drugs is getting more intense, so to save the future of the nation, teenagers, especially high school students, really need to increase their knowledge about the dangers of drug abuse. The influence of changing times from year to year always affects life for everyone, especially the negative influence on adolescents, because adolescents do not yet have stable independence. Based on current observations, many high school children smoke both at school and outside of school, considering that smoking together with peers is one way to use In this era, drug sellers have entered villages looking for target buyers from both the community and school children since elementary school, junior high school and high school, because the seller is good at selling by mixing it with food, premen or what is still used. pure then for the teacher or or Parents must be observant in supervising children in social and change. Objective: To find out the effect of giving drug material on increasing the knowledge of high school students about drugs and their prevention. Method: the method used in this research is descriptive analytic with the approach used is cross sectional. Sampling used with total sampling and test analysis using Chi Square tes. Results: Based on the characteristics, it was found that the age of the respondents was between 15-20 years old with the most results being 16 at 50.6% and 17 years, namely 40.6%, for parent education the majority of basic education was 66.2%, Respondents' parents were traders and entrepreneurs of 40.26%. For the level of knowledge, the majority of the good categories were 73.4%. so that there is an increase in the level of knowledge about drugs. Conclusion: There is an effect of giving drug material to increase respondent's knowledge
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S. V., Prashanth, Latha G. S., Veeresh Babu D. V., and Gururaj S. "Obesity: changing outlook of Indian adolescent children: emerging and worrying trend." International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 4, no. 3 (April 25, 2017): 706. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20170897.
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Background: Obesity, a key risk factor for the chronic and non-communicable disease, has become a serious public health concern in both developed and developing countries. WHO has designated obesity as global epidemic. In 2014, 41 million children under the age of 5 years were found to be overweight or obese. Most of the world’s population lives in countries where overweight and obesity kills more people than underweight. Objectives of the study were to know the prevalence of obesity and factors associated with obesity in rural and urban part of India.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in three high schools of rural and urban part of Davangere district, central Karnataka, India with a sample of 918 adolescent school children. Pre-designed questionnaire was used to elicit the required information. Height and weight was measured. Body mass index was calculated. Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity was observed to be 10.1% and 0.5% respectively. In rural part the prevalence was 7.1% and in urban area it is 12.6%. Overweight/obesity was significantly associated with family history of overweight/obesity, dietary habit, eating junk foods, sedentary life styles including watching television, lack of physical exercise and not participating in outdoor games.Conclusions: Overweight and obesity thought to be disease of developed and affluent nation. But in changing trends, countries like India especially rural areas, it’s alarming to see such results. Adopting the healthy lifestyles, food habits and regular exercise can reduce the risk of becoming overweight and obese.
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Kovaleva, Natalia B., and Аnastasiya I. D’yakonova. "Reflexive and project-based forms of psychological and anthropological practice of developing creativity in children." SHS Web of Conferences 117 (2021): 04002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202111704002.
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The article deals with the possibilities of reflexive and project-based forms of anthropological practice which make it possible to create an environment for the development of the individual’s creative orientation and creativity in the context of the modern media environment. The authors focus on the design and testing of innovative technologies in the field of humanities in the rapidly changing conditions of children and adolescents who are growing up in the digital environment of the 21st century. The specific features of the media environment in terms of determining the anthropological imperative of the educational prototype are examined. Based on theoretical and practical developments, the principles of deploying such technologies in the format of educational anthropological practices are demonstrated. The authors substantiate the resource potential of co-creative forms of psychological and pedagogical anthropological practice based on the original reflexive-positional approach to the personal development of children in primary and secondary school. The emphasis is on the presentation of two reflexive-positional technologies that have proven their practical efficiency/ These technologies are based on the principles of project reflection, namely, plot and activity-based game and mediahermeneutics. The principles of creating a transformative socio-cultural educational environment that initiates the development of giftedness and creativity of children and adolescents in mediahermeneutics technologies are described in detail. The authors provide the results of a comprehensive study of the personality and creativity development among children and adolescents based on reflexive and project-based technologies of psychological and pedagogical anthropological practices to identify the relationship between the personal and creative development of children and adolescents participating in programs built using mediahermeneutics. The discussion of the results allows one to conclude that project-based and reflexive forms of anthropological practice, when properly organized, in particular using the principles of mediahermeneutics, contribute to the development of spiritual value orientations, creative focus, cognitive and aesthetic motivation and create the environment for the manifestation of adolescent giftedness.
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Jeschke, Sarah, Sarah Woltermann, Martina Patrizia Neininger, Josefine Pauschek, Wieland Kiess, Thilo Bertsche, and Astrid Bertsche. "Why do children and adolescents with epilepsy disclose or not disclose their condition to their friends?" European Journal of Pediatrics 179, no. 10 (May 5, 2020): 1627–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00431-020-03661-0.
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Abstract A diagnosis of epilepsy substantially influences the lives of affected children and adolescents, and concealing the diagnosis can generate additional stress. However, little is known about whether children and adolescents communicate their diagnosis to their friends. We performed a survey at two German university hospitals. Epilepsy patients aged 6–18 years were asked why they did or did not disclose their condition to their friends. A total of 101 patients (44 female, 57 male) were interviewed. Twenty-one (21%) informed all their friends about their epilepsy, 63 (62%) informed only certain friends, and 3 (3%) did not specify. Fourteen (14%) did not inform any friends. Their reasons for informing their friends were trust in friends (47/87; 54%); questions from friends, e.g., about missed school days (29/87; 33%); a wish for friends to be informed in case of an emergency (15/87; 17%); and a desire to live openly with the condition (8/87; 9%). The reasons for not informing friends were fear of stigmatization/shame (4/14; 29%), discouragement from parents (3/14; 21%), and a wish for confidentiality (3/14; 21%). Conclusion: Most children and adolescents inform their friends about their epilepsy. Fear of stigmatization is the main reason for not informing friends about this condition. What is Known• An epilepsy diagnosis is a life-changing event for affected children and adolescents.• Having to conceal the diagnosis can be very stressful. What is New• Most pediatric epilepsy patients informed at least some close friends about their diagnosis motivated by trust in friends; questions from friends, e.g., about missed school days; and a wish for friends to be informed in case of an emergency.• Fear of stigmatization/shame, discouragement from parents, and a wish for confidentiality were the motivations for concealing the disease.
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Hannover, Bettina, and Lysann Zander. "How Personal and Social Selves Influence the Development of Children and Adolescents at School." Zeitschrift für Pädagogische Psychologie 34, no. 2 (March 2020): 65–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/1010-0652/a000261.
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Abstract. How do different aspects of students' self-relate to their development at school? In educational psychology, this question has been examined essentially only in terms of the influence of the ability self-concept, a central part of the personal self. Starting with a literature review on why and how the ability self-concept impacts motivation and student outcomes, we argue that social selves – learners' knowledge about their group memberships and associated evaluations – have an impact, too. Students are more intrinsically motivated and more successful if they experience fit between learning environment and important self-aspects. Accordingly, we suggest a model according to which students try to increase fit by exerting primary control, i. e., by proactively changing the environment, with the self as agent. To that end (i) they mentally project the self as different from the actual self, with the mental self-projection serving as a self-evaluative standard and motiving behaviors aiming at its attainment, (ii) they choose behavioral options that allow for the enactment of important self-aspects, (iii) they choose interaction partners who share important self-aspects or are supportive of their behavioral enactment, and (iv) they switch between or prioritize different values, to best match affordances and constraints of the learning environment. If a student repeatedly fails to achieve fit through primary control, secondary control strategies are deployed, i. e., internal processes aimed at minimizing losses and saving resources for the pursuit of more attainable goals. To that end, students either disidentify with the learning environment or redefine their selves in a reactive manner, with, in many cases, detrimental effects on their academic outcomes. We hope to inspire educational psychologists to more systematically investigate the different self-aspects' impact on social and academic development of learners at school.
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Chen, Jie, Xinying Li, Jianxin Zhang, Misaki N. Natsuaki, Leslie D. Leve, Gordon T. Harold, Zhiyan Chen, et al. "The Beijing Twin Study (BeTwiSt): A Longitudinal Study of Child and Adolescent Development." Twin Research and Human Genetics 16, no. 1 (November 26, 2012): 91–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/thg.2012.115.
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Rates of emotional and behavioral problems among children and adolescents in China are increasing and represent a major public health concern. To investigate the etiology of such problems, including the effects and interplay of genes and environment, the Beijing Twin Study (BeTwiSt) was established. A representative sample of adolescent twins in Beijing (N = 1,387 pairs of adolescent twins, mostly between the ages of 10 and 18 years) was recruited and assessed longitudinally. Data collection included the following: emotional and behavioral problems (e.g., depressive symptoms, anxiety, delinquency, drinking, and smoking); family, peer, and school environments; stress; social and academic competence; cognitive traits (e.g., emotion suppression, rumination, and effortful control); and saliva samples for DNA genotyping and sequencing. The combination of quantitative and molecular genetic approaches and the timeliness of the project, with the sample residing in a region with a rapidly changing economic and cultural climate, are particular strengths of this study. Findings from this study are expected to help understanding of the etiological mechanisms underlying child and adolescent normal and abnormal development in regions undergoing substantial social, cultural, and economic changes.
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I. Dolgova, V., N. V. Mamylina, G. Yu. Golieva, E. G. Kapitanets, and O. A. Kondratieva. "CHANGING SCHOOL-BASED ANXIETY DURING PHYSICAL EDUCATION, TAKING THE INDIVIDUAL TYPOLOGICAL APPROACH INTO ACCOUNT." Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews 7, no. 6 (December 17, 2019): 700–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2019.76104.
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Purpose of the study: The purpose of the study is to identify changes in school-based anxiety in children aged 12 – 13 during their physical education using a special Program for the individual typological approach implementation.
Methodology: Two groups had been formed: reference and experimental (25 people each); three methods were used (Method for studying individual typological peculiarities of middle-school children by A. Belov, Method of Kondash's anxiety scale (1973), and Method of identifying general physical education of students); diagnostic testing of physical fitness was conducted (long jump from the spot; lifting the body in 30 sec. (press); push-up (girls); pulling up on the crossbar (boys); running 30 meters, shuttle running 3x10; bending forward from a sitting position).
Main Findings: The results of the study have been statistically processed with Excel 2000 and STATISTICA 8.0, using the Student's t-test for dependent and independent samples. The M average has been found; the differences have been considered significant at p < 0.05.
Applications of this study: The Program for the individual typological approach implementation has been compiled with an emphasis on reducing school-based anxiety in children aged 12 – 13; its features, objectives, indicators, criteria, content, and forms of implementation have been substantiated; a set of general physical exercises has been developed for each type of temperament, which includes the exercises for some groups of muscles of the upper shoulder girdle, back muscles, abdomen, and hips.
Novelty/Originality of this study: The significant improvement in the physical fitness of students from the experimental group compared to the reference one identified during the term proves the efficiency of the implemented physical education program, taking into account the individual typological approach to the personality of adolescents with an emphasis on reducing their school-based anxiety. The results of the study have allowed formulating recommendations for improving the approaches to conducting physical education classes.
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Kuchma, Vladislav R., L. M. Sukhareva, M. I. Stepanova, P. I. Chramtsov, I. E. Aleksandrova, and S. B. Sokolova. "SCIENTIFIC BASES AND TECHNOLOGIES OF SECURITY HYGIENIC SAFETY OF CHILDREN IN THE «DIGITAL SCHOOL»." Hygiene and sanitation 98, no. 12 (December 15, 2019): 1385–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2019-98-12-1385-1391.
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Introduction. Modern education of children is one of the most rapidly changing systems, actively using modern capabilities of information and communication technologies and e-learning tools. Information and communication technologies increase the load on the visual, auditory analyzers, the nervous system and contribute to the development of overwork in children. The use of digital media is becoming increasingly widespread, not only in school, before and in preschool education. To substantiate the concept and integrated system of the hygienic safety of electronic educational content and children’s life in conditions of hyper-informatization, physiological and hygienic studies are required. Materials and methods. In order to develop the scientific foundations and technologies for ensuring the hygienic safety of children in the “Digital School”, an expert-analytical study was carried out based on the results of representative hygienic observations and non-randomized controlled studies with Contribution of volunteers. Results. Studies of childhood hygiene allowed justifying the modern system of hygiene and health care of children and adolescents in a hyper-informational society, including criteria of the hygienic safety, including in the editorial, intended for children and adolescents; sanitary rules and norms of ensuring the hygienic safety of the new generation; federal recommendations of medical support of students in the conditions of using information and communication technologies; federal guidelines for students ’mental health and well-being; recommendations to the family in the field of ensuring the safety of children’s life in a digital environment; recommendations to producers and distributors of content in the field of ensuring the medical, psychological and pedagogical safety of children’s life, including the age marking of information products; gaming educational and educational programs on the rules for the safe use of children on the Internet; a system for monitoring the effectiveness of hygienic safety policies and protecting children from negative information in a hyper-information society. Conclusion. The developed system and technologies for ensuring the hygienic safety of the “Digital School” are significant for the medical and preventive basis of the health saving of students in the Decade of Childhood in Russia (2018-2027).
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Sununtnasuk, Celeste, Hanna Berhane, Sunny Kim, Purnima Menon, Abdulaziz Oumer, Tina Sanghvi, and Tamirat Walissa. "School-Based Nutrition Interventions Had Impacts on Dietary Diversity and Meal Frequency of Adolescent Girls in Ethiopia." Current Developments in Nutrition 6, Supplement_1 (June 2022): 607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzac060.065.
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Abstract Objectives Adolescence is a critical period of physical and psychological development, especially for girls as poor nutrition can affect their well-being as well as the well-being of their children. In Ethiopia, where the population is very young, evidence on the nutrition of adolescent girls and their determinants is scant. We tested the impact of a package of nutrition interventions delivered primarily through schools and implemented by Alive & Thrive (A&T) on the diet of adolescent girls. Methods A cluster-randomized trial design compared 27 primary school clusters in A&T areas to 27 clusters in non-A&T areas in the SNNP and Somali regions. We surveyed adolescent girls (n = 536) aged 10–14 years and enrolled in primary school grades 4–8, following at least one school semester (approximately 4 months) of implementation in March-April 2021. Using linear regression models, we tested for differences between program groups on dietary diversity, meal frequency, and consumption of unhealthy foods. In adjusted models, we controlled for age, household food security and wealth, and region. Results We observed significant impacts on dietary diversity score (1.4 food groups) and minimum dietary diversity (OR: 5.2). Among the food groups, there was significantly higher consumption of 5 groups in A&T areas: pulses, meats, eggs, vitamin A-rich fruits and vegetables, and other fruits. There was also a significant impact on meal frequency of 0.9 meals/snacks in the previous 24 hours, with girls in A&T areas consuming 4.0 meals/snacks out of 6 eating times compared to 3.2 in control areas. There was no significant impact on consumption sweets, baked sweets, sweetened beverages, and fried and salty foods among girls, but there was lower consumption of sweets in the previous 24 hours in A&T (14%) versus control areas (23%). Conclusions Integrating nutrition interventions into primary schools in Ethiopia was feasible and achieved a significant impact on girls’ dietary diversity and meal frequency. Reinforcing messages about eating better and more often resulted in incremental behavior change related to dietary diversity and meal frequency; however, telling adolescents not to eat junk foods that they crave or enjoy without changing their food environments may be less successful in curbing consumption. Funding Sources Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, through A&T, managed by FHI Solutions.
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Fadilah, Syaiful, and Fatimah Haniman. "Bipolar Type 1 Disorder Comorbid with Idiopathic Epilepsy in Children: A Case Report." Scientia Psychiatrica 2, no. 3 (July 8, 2021): 83–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.37275/scipsy.v2i3.41.
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Intoduction. Bipolar disorder in children and adolescents, is a clinical disorder that causes public mental health problems that need attention. In the last decade, bipolar disorder in children and adolescents has become a field of great interest, both in the clinical field and in research, especially in terms of the diagnosis which is still controversial. This case report aims to describe type 1 bipolar disorder in children accompanied by idiopathic seizures.
Case presentations. A boy, Mr. M, 10 years old, came to the polyclinic with the chief complaint of walking around during lessons. From the autoanamnesis, the patient said that he was happy, had good achievements in school. The patient experienced a change in behavior for 1 year, which had worsened for 4 months ago. The patient walks around the school while the other students are studying, the patient can't sit still and feels bored. Patients sometimes sing while banging the table. About a week of changing behavior, the patient began to experience frequent seizures. The patient has seizures while sleeping, has seizures if during the day the patient is angry with other people or has too much activity. The patient received pharmacological therapy in the form of aripiprazole, valproic acid and lorazepam. Non-pharmacological interventions are given in the form of family psychoeducation about the disease suffered by the patient.
Conclusion. Clinical and phenomenological characteristics of bipolar disorder in children and Teenagers are unique. In connection with the presence of a unique clinical picture, it is necessary to introduce cases and treatment as early as possible.
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Santaló, María Isabel, Sandra Gibbons, and Patti-Jean Naylor. "Using Food Models to Enhance Sugar Literacy among Older Adolescents: Evaluation of a Brief Experiential Nutrition Education Intervention." Nutrients 11, no. 8 (July 31, 2019): 1763. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11081763.
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Adolescent diets high in sugar are a public health concern. Sugar literacy interventions have changed intake but focused more on children, adults, and early adolescents and on sugar sweetened beverages rather than total sugar consumption. Food models are an efficacious experiential learning strategy with children. This study assessed the impact of two 45 min nutrition lessons using food models on adolescents’ sugar literacy. Classes (n = 16) were randomized to intervention or control with knowledge, label reading skills, intentions to limit sugar consumption measured at baseline and follow-up. Two hundred and three students aged 14 to 19 from six schools on Vancouver Island, BC, Canada participated in the study. Adolescents’ knowledge of added sugar in foods and beverages and servings per food group in a healthy diet was limited at baseline but improved significantly in the intervention condition (F(1, 201) = 104.84, p < 0.001) compared to controls. Intention to consume less added sugar increased significantly after intervention (F(1, 201) = 4.93, p = 0.03) as did label reading confidence (F(1, 200) = 14.94, p < 0.001). A brief experiential learning intervention using food models was efficacious for changing student’s knowledge about sugar guidelines and sugar in food, label reading confidence, and intention to change sugar consumption.
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Olekšák, Filip, Pavol Dvoran, Ľubica Jakušová, Peter Ďurdík, Matúš Igaz, and Peter Bánovčin. "Reference Values for Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing in Young Male Slovak Athletes." Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic) 64, no. 2 (2021): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.14712/18059694.2021.20.
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Background: The reference values of young athletes for cardiopulmonary exercise testing are lacking. Expert opinions encourage production of local values specific for certain population. Patients and methods: The study population consisted of 136 healthy male caucasian athletic children and adolescents coming from one specific football school in northern Slovakia. Exercise testing with continuous electrocardiography was performed, and ventilatory parameters, oxygen uptake (VO2), and carbon dioxide (CO2) production were measured continuously with a respiratory gas analysis system. Results: Peak VO2max/kg was changing very little across the childhood, whereas the peak work rate, heart rate and O2Pulse were. Linear regression analysis showed a significant effect of age on VE/VCO2. Conclusion: This work provides a reference values for the most important cardiopulmonary variables that can be obtained during cardiopulmonary exercise testing in athletic children.
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Mizen, Phillip, Angela Bolton, and Christopher Pole. "School Age Workers: the Paid Employment of Children in Britain." Work, Employment and Society 13, no. 3 (September 1999): 423–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09500179922118015.
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The recognition that the majority of British children are involved in paid employment at some time before the minimum school leaving age has not been accompanied by comparable analytical advances. Large numbers work in areas beyond those traditionally identified with `children's work' and are to be found in marginal, flexible, service sector jobs, defined by unskilled and low paid manual labour. The efforts of US researchers to link `adolescent work' to child development and socialisation merely pathologises children's involvement in work, while the greater sensitivity of British researchers to the possible connections between work and changes to children's social lives provides only limited insight. It is demonstrated here that children's involvement in work is closely related to employers' increased demand for part-time student labour and that children are making themselves available for work in response to both the changing distribution of family income and the commodification of their leisure time.
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Chudinova, Vera P. "Reading and Literary Preferences of Generation Z Schoolchildren: Socio-Cultural Context." Observatory of Culture 15, no. 6 (December 28, 2018): 668–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.25281/2072-3156-2018-15-6-668-681.
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The article is devoted to the problem of transferring literary culture from previous generations to “Generation Z”. A brief description of this generation is presented from the perspective of the theory of generations by American researchers Neil Hove and William Strauss. The topic of children’s reading for generations of the 20th century is briefly covered. By the example of the reading repertoire of children and teenagers, works of literary classics and actual children’s literature, the article shows the process of gradual weakening of the transfer of values of literary culture from generation to generation. The materials of complex and sociological research, conducted by the Russian State Children’s Library at the beginning of the 21st century, highlight the problems of reading the best literature that traditionally has been included in the reading of generations. The results of research given in the article testify to the process of losing the nearly century-old literary tradition. For instance, this problem can be seen in the example of parents choosing books for children of primary and secondary school age. In many ways, the repertoire of reading literary classics by children and adolescents is formed by school: this is the school curriculum and lists of extracurricular reading. The interest of schoolchildren in classical literature and in books of previous generations continues to fall. The process of changing the repertoire of leisure reading in adolescents is shown. The repertoire of their reading is significantly fragmented. This is largely due to trends in the development of book publishing and the spread of literature. The article indicates the pros and cons of adolescents’ reading, caused by new information technologies; shows the influence of these technologies on reading literacy and reading culture. The process of literature selection by adolescents, boys and girls, is illustrated basing on the results of another new study. It is shown that the choice of schoolchildren is largely random and contains works of modern literature with a predominance of fantasy genre books. The research results demonstrate that today the main factors that have a significant impact on the choice of literature for teenagers and young people are video production and peers’ advice. Solving the problem of supporting reading and forming a reading circle of “Generation Z” schoolchildren, in the context of literary tradition attenuation, is a difficult task to be accomplished by competent adult mentors together with adolescents and young people themselves.
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Jarakovic, Milana, Bojan Mihajlovic, Snezana Cemerlic, Filip Adjic, Miroslava Sladojevic, and Bogoljub Mihajlovic. "The level of grammar school students’ knowledge on cardiovascular disease risk factors." Medical review 68, no. 3-4 (2015): 98–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/mpns1504098j.
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Introduction. Cardiovascular diseases are one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. The atherosclerotic process in the aorta starts in childhood, while atheroclerotic changes of coronary heart vessels start in adolescence. The aim of the study was to evaluate the knowledge of the students attending all four grades of grammar school about the risk factors for cardiovascular disease, with special attention to the risk factors that can be influenced by modification of life-style. Material and Methods. Data from the entrance and exit tests were collected from 197 students attending a grammar school in Novi Sad. Chi-square test and Student T-test or Mann-Whitney U test were used to examine the statistical difference between categorized variables and the continuous variables, respectively. Results. The difference between the number of correct answers for all the students on the entrance test and exit test was statistically significant (p<0.0005) and the overall knowledge level after lectures was increased by 29.4%. The lowest level of knowledge on the entrance tests was noted among the students of the third grade of grammar school and after the lectures, the student?s knowledge level was increased by 82.3% (p<0.0005). Conclusion. Children and adolescents from Vojvodina and Serbia should be well informed about the cardiovascular disease risk factors and their prevention with special attention paid to the risk factors that can be influenced by changing lifestyle habits.
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Pereira, Ana Rita, and Andreia Oliveira. "Dietary Interventions to Prevent Childhood Obesity: A Literature Review." Nutrients 13, no. 10 (September 28, 2021): 3447. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13103447.
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Several dietary interventions have been conducted to prevent/reduce childhood obesity, but most of them are known to have failed in tackling the obesity epidemic. This study aimed to review the existing literature on dietary interventions for the prevention of childhood obesity and their effectiveness. A literature search was conducted using PubMed Central®. Only articles published between 2009 and 2021, written in English, conducted in humans, and including children and/or adolescents (<18 years old) were considered. The majority of studies were school-based interventions, with some addressing the whole community, and including some interventions in the food sector (e.g., taxation of high fat/sugar foods, front-of-pack labelling) and through mass media (e.g., restrictions on food advertising for children) that directly or indirectly could help to manage childhood obesity. Most of the programs/interventions conducted focus mainly on person-based educational approaches, such as nutrition/diet education sessions, allied to the promotion of physical activity and lifestyles to students, parents, and school staff, and less on environmental changes to offer healthier food choices. Only a few trials have focused on capacity building and macro-policy changes, such as the adaptation of the built environment of the school, serving smaller portion sizes, and increasing the availability and accessibility of healthy foods and water in schools, and restricting the access to vending machines, for example. Overall, most of the intervention studies showed no consistent effects on changing the body mass index of children; they have only reported small weight reductions, clinically irrelevant, or no effects at all. Little is known about the sustainability of interventions over time.
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Gavrilova, N., and O. Mokhunko. "ORGANIZATION OF PHYSICAL CULTURE AND SPORTS ACTIVITIES OF STUDENTS IN THE PROCESS OF JUDO CLASSES." Scientific Journal of National Pedagogical Dragomanov University. Series 15. Scientific and pedagogical problems of physical culture (physical culture and sports), no. 11(143) (November 30, 2021): 9–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.31392/npu-nc.series15.2021.11(143).01.
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The article analyzes the features of the organization of physical culture and sports activities of student youth during judo classes. The state of physical culture and sports activities in the conditions of distance learning during the coronary virus pandemic is revealed. It is determined that judo classes are the most popular among students, which significantly increases their level of motivation to exercise. It was found that the optimization of physical culture and sports has a positive effect on improving the mental and physical condition and health of those involved. It is established that the need to organize physical culture and sports activities of students in the process of judo is due not only to the demands and rights of students, age, developmental conditions, constantly changing, but also the social order of society to form a healthy generation.
However, the development of these innovative processes is constrained due to insufficient software and methodological support for new forms of physical education, as existing sports training programs for children and adolescents are focused on the preparation of sports reserves and are not designed for mass use in secondary school.
However, the development of these innovative processes is constrained due to insufficient software and methodological support for new forms of physical education, as existing sports training programs for children and adolescents are focused on the preparation of sports reserves and are not designed for mass use in secondary school.
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Siregar, Yafrinal, Kintoko Rochadi, and Namora Lubis. "THE EFFECT OF HEALTH PROMOTION USING LEAFLETS AND AUDIO-VISUAL ON IMPROVING KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE TOWARD THE DANGER OF HIV/AIDS AMONG ADOLESCENTS." International Journal of Nursing and Health Services (IJNHS) 2, no. 3 (September 14, 2019): 172–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.35654/ijnhs.v2i3.213.
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HIV/AIDS in adolescents cannot be separated from globalization development, which causes their current social changes and negative lifestyle such as pre-marriage sex, keeping on changing sex partners, and drug abuse. Promotional action should be done to prevent from HIV/ASIDS in adolescents by using leaflet and audio-visual media, which provide information and education about the danger of HIV/AIDS so that they will have good knowledge and positive attitude. The research problem was how about the influence of promotion media using leaflets and audio-visual on adolescents' knowledge and attitude, The objective of the research was to analyze the influence of promotion media using leaflets and audio-visual on adolescents' knowledge and attitude toward the danger of HIV/AIDS at SMK Swasta Imelda, Medan. Using the Wilcoxon test tested the hypothesis. The result of the research showed that there was significant influence of leaflet and audio-visual media (p<0.05) on adolescents' knowledge and attitude in the post intervention. The conclusion was that leaflet and audio-visual media were more effective in increasing adolescents' knowledge and attitude toward the danger of HIV/AIDS. It is recommended that parents control democratically their children at home or outside their homes. The school management should increase the cooperation with parents in order to increase students' academic development, and the health care providers in the neighborhood should increase health education program.
Keywords: Leaflet, Audio-Visual, Knowledge, Attitude, Danger of HIV/AIDS
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Vieira, Margarida, and Graça S. Carvalho. "The Impact of the ‘Planning Health in School’ Programme on a Pair of Twins with Obesity." Children 9, no. 12 (November 30, 2022): 1866. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children9121866.
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This case study describes the impact of the ‘Planning Health in School’ programme (PHS-pro) on the nutritional status and lifestyle behaviours of two twins with obesity. As part of a larger research project involving 449 adolescents in grade-6, PHS-pro aims at preventing obesity and guiding children towards healthy behaviours. Twins were evaluated for anthropometric measurements—height, weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and lifestyle behaviours before (baseline) and after (8 months) PHS-pro and at a follow-up (one-year later). At the baseline, both twins were obese according to the international cut-off points of Cole. After PHS-pro, improvements in anthropometric parameters were found: the boy decreased his BMI by 10% and lost 9.0 cm in WC, while remaining obese; the girl decreased her BMI by 8% and lost 8.7 cm in WC, changing to the overweight category. At the follow-up, a slight increase in the anthropometric parameters was found in both twins; however, they did not return to the baseline values. The programme successfully promoted positive changes in behaviours and improved nutritional status, showing the long-term effects of the PHS-pro. Although it is a school-based intervention to prevent obesity, the PHS-pro is helpful in weight reduction even in children already with obesity.
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Rezaee, H., A. Shafiabady, Y. Ghaedi, A. Delavar, M. Esmaeili, and L. Fattah Moghaddam. "Development and investigating the effectiveness of an integrated school-based program for changing attitude toward substance abuse based on philosophy for children components and emotional intelligence." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S336. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.02.288.
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BackgroundSubstance abuse in the youth is one of the major problems of any society. The research purpose was the development of a program for changing female adolescents’ attitude toward substance abuse and evaluating its effectiveness.MethodsTo develop the treatment, important variables influencing in shaping attitudes toward substance abuse were selected. Afterwards, structural equation modeling approach was conducted for examining the relationship among variables (emotional intelligence, critical thinking, caring thinking and reasoning) and identifying significant paths and variables. Based on these variables, a program developed for changing students’ attitudes. To evaluate effectiveness of programs a pretest-post test design with the control group was used. Random sampling was carried out for selecting 26 students attending senior high schools in district 2 of Tehran. Then, sample randomly assigned in experimental and control groups. Experimental group exposed to philosophy for children intervention in the form of community of inquiry. Control group didn’t receive the intervention. The data were collected from Nazari's questionnaire for attitude toward substance abuse.ResultsANCOVA revealed that based on a composite score of attitude toward substance abuse (adjusting pretest effect), there is a significant difference between two groups at 0.99 significance level (partial = 0.329, P < 0.001, = 11.28).ConclusionsIt is recommended that the school based program should be used for developing and strengthen the students’ attitude based on exploring itself, rather than simply giving awareness about substance abuse. In this treatment, rather than highlighting accumulating knowledge, put emphasis on, thinking, decision-making, and management of emotions.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Hiremath, Bhavana R., and Deepti Shettar. "A study to assess the knowledge and practices of menstruation among rural adolescent girls." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 8, no. 5 (April 27, 2021): 2414. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20211766.
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Background: Adolescence is phase of maturations where an individual experiences drastic changes in growth and development. Age group 10-19 years is defined as adolescent age by World health organization. In developing countries, this is the period when many children drop-out of school and miss out on education. Among adolescent girls’ menstruation is a major life changing event. We conducted this study among rural adolescent girls to know their knowledge, attitude and practices towards menstruation. We also educated all girls on physiology and hygienic practices during menstruation.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among adolescent girls attending our out-patient clinic in the rural area. All girls were interviewed to assess their knowledge and practices towards menstruation. Informed consent was taken from all girls before stating the study. Data presented in form of frequency, percentages. Chi-square test was applied to analyze for association.Results: 87% were students, 88% adolescent girls belonged to Below Poverty Line (BPL) families. 98% adolescent girls had attained menarche before 15 years of age, 27% adolescent girls had dysmenorrhea presenting as pain in abdomen region. Sanitary pad was being used by only 64% adolescent girls, of whom, 59.4% change sanitary pad twice daily, 75% dispose it by burning. Overall, 36% adolescent girls used cloth, of whom, 41.7% changed cloth twice a day, 69.4% adolescent girls wash and burn the cloth. Among adolescent girls still studying in school 71.2% used sanitary pads which was statistically significant.Conclusions: Education is essential to empower girls to take informed decisions. On receiving adequate information on menstruation, girls were willing to adapt healthy hygienic practices. Hence, health education activities should be started at all schools so as to inculcate good practices early in life.
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Tartakovsky, Eugene. "Children of perestroika: the changing socioeconomic conditions in Russia and Ukraine and their effect on the psychological well-being of high-school adolescents." Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 45, no. 1 (March 25, 2009): 25–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00127-009-0037-1.
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Kuchma, Vladislav R., Irina K. Rapoport, Lyudmila M. Sukhareva, Natalia A. Skoblina, Anna S. Sedova, Vladimir V. Chubarovsky, and Svetlana B. Sokolova. "The health of children and adolescents in school ontogenesis as a basis for improving the system of school health care and sanitary-epidemiological wellbeing of students." HEALTH CARE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION 65, no. 4 (September 7, 2021): 325–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.47470/0044-197x-2021-65-4-325-333.
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Introduction. Against the background of socio-economic transformations and the digitalization of education, the health indicators of students are changing, which requires in-depth research. Aim of the study: based on the longitudinal observation of the health of schoolchildren, to identify the patterns of its formation for the scientific justification of improving the medical care of students. Material and methods. From the 1st to the 11a grade (2005-2015), the same students (199 boys and 227 girls) of 4 Moscow schools were examined annually with the performance of anthropometry, electrocardiography, functional tests, and questionnaire to identify complaints and anamnesis; specialist doctors carried out 25,298 examinations. In addition to the analysis of morbidity, a qualitative analysis of the course of pathological processes in students was carried out to determine positive and negative dynamics. Results. Over 11 years, the prevalence of functional disorders increased by 14.7%, chronic diseases by 52.8%, the frequency of visual disturbances, diseases of the musculoskeletal system, digestive organs, neurotic reactions increased; new forms of risk behaviour and information dependence appeared. An unfavourable period of development of pathological processes in schoolchildren is training in grades 9-11. Compared with the 1990 morbidity rates obtained by similar methods, there was an increase in the prevalence of functional disorders among adolescents by 2-3 times and chronic diseases by 20-70%. When comparing physical development with peers of the second half of the XX century, the observed schoolchildren increased the average values of body length and weight with a decrease in functional indicators. Distance learning during the first wave of COVID-19 in spring 2020 has increased the prevalence of computer vision, carpal tunnel syndromes, and neurotic reactions. Discussion. The main patterns of health formation in school ontogenesis, coinciding with the change of generations and the transition to the digitalization of education, are revealed. Conclusion. The study results allow predicting an increase in the prevalence of neuropsychiatric disorders, myopia, scoliosis, computer-visual and carpal tunnel syndromes. To preserve students’ health, to counteract COVID-19, a modern model of school health care is proposed.
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Mansfield, Karen Laura, Stephen Puntis, Emma Soneson, Andrea Cipriani, Galit Geulayov, and Mina Fazel. "Study protocol: the OxWell school survey investigating social, emotional and behavioural factors associated with mental health and well-being." BMJ Open 11, no. 12 (November 2021): e052717. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-052717.
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IntroductionImproving our understanding of the broad range of social, emotional and behavioural factors that contribute to mental health outcomes in adolescents will be greatly enhanced with diverse, representative population samples. We present a protocol for a repeated self-report survey assessing risk and protective factors for mental health and well-being in school pupils aged 8–18 years with different socioeconomic backgrounds in England. The survey will provide a comprehensive picture of mental health and associated risks at the community level to inform the development of primary and secondary prevention and treatment strategies in schools.Methods and analysisThis protocol is for a large-scale online repeated self-report survey, representative of children and adolescents aged 8–18 years attending schools or further education colleges in participating counties in England. The survey consists of around 300 questions, including validated measures of mental health and well-being, risk and protective factors, and care-seeking behaviour and preferences. Additional questions each year vary to address current events and novel hypotheses, developed by the research team, collaborators and stakeholders. Primary analyses will investigate current and changing risk and protective factors, care-seeking behaviour and attitudes to allowing linkage of their sensitive data to other databases for research, and will compare measures of mental health to measures of well-being.Ethics and disseminationThe study was approved by the University of Oxford Research Ethics Committee (Reference: R62366). Tailored data summaries will be provided to participating schools and stakeholders within 3 months of data collection. The main findings will be presented at scientific meetings, published in peer-reviewed journals and shared via digital and social media channels. At the end of the study, other researchers will be able to apply for access to anonymous data extracts.
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Timková, Silvia, Peter Kolarčik, and Andrea Madarasová Gecková. "Self-Reported Oral Health Related Behaviour and Gum Bleeding of Adolescents in Slovakia in Relation to Socioeconomic Status of Their Parents: Cross-Sectional Study Based on Representative Data Collection." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 14 (July 12, 2019): 2484. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16142484.
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Background: Oral health strongly affects overall health and is related to many factors. The aim of our study was to analyse oral health related behaviours (OHRBs) and gum bleeding among Slovak adolescents and assess the effect of socioeconomic factors on the outcomes. Methods: Data from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study (HBSC) were used (N = 8896, age range = 10–16 years, M = 13.4; SD = 1.4; 50.9% boys). Sociodemographic and socioeconomic indicators and frequency of OHRBs (dental hygiene, toothbrush changing, preventive check-up) and gum bleeding were collected. Effects of sociodemographic and socioeconomic variables on outcome variables were analysed by binary logistic regression. Results: We found that prevalence of OHRBs slightly decreases with age, and worse outcomes were reported by boys compared to girls (OHRB odds ratio range 0.45–0.75, (95% C.I. range 0.40–0.91), gum bleeding 1.38 (95% C.I. 1.19–1.61), p < 0.05). OHRBs were in most cases significantly associated with socioeconomic variables, lower affluence predicts worse outcomes (odds ratio range 0.76–0.88 (95% C.I. range 0.68–0.96), p < 0.05). Conclusion: Our study provides representative findings on ORHBs in Slovakia and shows important associations of socioeconomic factors related to adolescents’ oral health issues.
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Edmundson, Elizabeth, Guy S. Parcel, Cheryl L. Perry, Henry A. Feldman, Mary Smyth, Carolyn C. Johnson, Ann Layman, et al. "The Effects of the Child and Adolescent Trial for Cardiovascular Health Intervention on Psychosocial Determinants of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Behavior among Third-Grade Students." American Journal of Health Promotion 10, no. 3 (January 1996): 217–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4278/0890-1171-10.3.217.
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Purpose. The Child and Adolescent Trial for Cardiovascular Health is a multi-site study of a school-based intervention designed to reduce or prevent the development of risk factors for cardiovascular disease. The goal was to change (or prevent) related risk behaviors and the psychosocial variables that theoretically influence those behaviors. Design. A nested design was used in which schools served as the primary unit of analysis. Twenty-four schools participated at each of four sites (Austin, San Diego, Minneapolis, and New Orleans). Each site had 10 control and 14 intervention schools. Setting and Subject. Ninety-six schools (with more than 6000 students) in the four sites were randomized to three treatment conditions: control, school-based interventions, and school-plus-family interventions. The sample included approximately equal numbers of males and females and was 67.5% white, 13.9% African-American, 13.9% Hispanic, and 4.7% other. Measures. The psychosocial determinants measured included improvements in dietary knowledge, intentions, self-efficacy, usual behavior, perceived social reinforcement for healthy food choices, and perceived reinforcement and self-efficacy for physical activity. Results. The findings indicated significant improvements in all the psychosocial determinants measured (p < .0001). The results revealed a greater impact in the school-plus-family intervention schools for two determinants, usual dietary behavior and intentions to eat heart-healthy foods. Conclusions. These findings support theory-based interventions for changing selected psychosocial determinants of cardiovascular disease risk behavior among children.
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Valyavko, S. M., and Y. Y. Makagonova. "On the possibility of the parameters’ standardization in observation aimed at identifying the signs of aggressive behaviour among older preschoolers." Experimental Psychology (Russia) 13, no. 1 (2020): 184–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/exppsy.2020130114.
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The urgency of work on improving the tools of psychologists in the diagnostics of aggressive behavior in childhood is due to the persistence of a high level of aggression among children and adolescents in modern society. According to official statistics on the identification of juvenile offenders having committed criminal acts from the beginning of the year up to May 2018, there were 1,066 crimes in Russia committed by children and adolescents. Although this figure remains rather high in comparison with the previous year. One of the ways to conduct preventive work on prevention of juvenile crime is early diagnostics and the work on correction of child behavior with signs of aggression. Besides addition the urgent problems of macrosocialization (deviant behavior, crime, risks of emotional development, etc.), there are microsocial problems- changing the microclimate of the family, the immediate environment and the children’s team of an aggressive child [6; 17]. The authors of the article examine the method of observation from the point of its application as an independent object of the scientific research in psychology. The analysis was carried out on the existing experience of using the observation method for studying children, including those with health limitations. An original scheme is proposed for standardized observation of pre-school children to identify the signs of their aggressive response. The article deals with the development of a procedure for observation of preschool children behavior to identify in it the signs of aggression, as well as conducting a pilot study of the proposed scheme for senior preschoolers in Moscow and the procedure for approbation of the observation scheme. Also step-by-step work on standardization and verification of the proposed monitoring scheme was described.
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May, Karen, and Delani Noel. "School Nurses and Climate Change." Annual Review of Nursing Research 38, no. 1 (December 23, 2019): 275–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0739-6686.38.275.
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Climate change is a serious threat to human health. Nurses recognize vulnerable populations are disproportionately affected by the consequences from climate change, especially the elderly, pregnant women, and children. Children with asthma and chronic health conditions are at the greatest risk for negative health outcomes and are the most important reason for climate advocacy. This descriptive correlational study seeks to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of school nurses related to the health impacts of climate change. School nurses are in a unique position to address the health impacts of climate change and become fierce advocates of climate justice because of population they serve. School-age and adolescent students are particularly vulnerable to the consequences climate change, which include poor air quality, increasing temperatures, and increasing pollen counts. School nurses were invited to participate in the study via email and provided information about the Nurses Climate Change Challenge. It was the goal of the study to assess these domains in school nurses' and later develop continuing education to support the care and advocacy of students. The results suggest more continuing education on climate change and climate conscious care is needed for school nurses. The current challenge is not only to be more prepared to treat a greater number of illnesses induced by climate change, it is also to maintain expertise and adapt to a changing environment. Nurses must address the impact of climate change on a local level by making changes in practice and engaging in research so that they are prepared with the knowledge, and skills to offer expertise in environmental health and the care of school-age populations.
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Elizabeth, Kandathil Eapen, David Ashok Ashwin, and Kesavadev Jyothidev. "Association of nutritional status with dietary and behavioural patterns among adolescents." International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 7, no. 9 (August 25, 2020): 1918. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20203655.
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Background: Changing trends in dietary habits, behavioral patterns, and prevalence of overweight/obesity among adolescents is of great concern.Methods: 6469 school children from five districts of Kerala, India were enrolled. Dietary habits and behavioral patterns were collected using a pretested questionnaire. Anthropometric measurements were recorded and compared with regional Indian Academy Pediatrics (IAP) reference charts. Data was computed and analyzed. Results: Mean age: Boys 14.51±0.93, Girls 14.42±1.04 years. Male: Female ratio 0.92:1. Practices like missing breakfast, non-compliance to weekly Iron Folic Acid supplementation and not taking exercise >2 hours/week were more in girls. Increased consumption of junk food, screen time >2 hours/week and not sharing life events with parents were more in boys. Mean anthropometric parameters were <50th percentile of reference charts. 6.1% had low BMI (boys, 4.2% vs. girls,7.6%,), 12.3% were overweight (boys, 14.9% vs. girls,10.2%) and 4.4% had obesity (boys, 4.7% vs. girls, 4.2%). Mean anthropometric parameters were higher in more urbanized districts. Daily consumption of junk food showed significant association with obesity and exercise >2 hours/week with normal BMI.Conclusions: Dietary and behavioral patterns and prevalence of overweight/obesity showed variability with respect to gender and region of residence. 12% were overweight and 4% had obesity. Daily consumption of junk food showed significant association with overweight/obesity and daily exercise >2 hours/week with normal BMI. Health education addressing behavioral change is recommended for better health.
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Schneider, Eric B. "Sample-Selection Biases and the Historical Growth Pattern of Children." Social Science History 44, no. 3 (2020): 417–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ssh.2020.10.
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ABSTRACTBodenhorn et al. (2017) have sparked considerable controversy by arguing that the fall in adult stature observed in military samples in the United States and Britain during industrialization was a figment of selection on unobservables in the samples. While subsequent papers have questioned the extent of the bias (Komlos and A’Hearn 2019; Zimran 2019), there is renewed concern about selection bias in historical anthropometric datasets. Therefore, this article extends Bodenhorn et al.’s discussion of selection bias on unobservables to sources of children’s growth, specifically focusing on biases that could distort the age pattern of growth. Understanding how the growth pattern of children has changed is important because these changes underpinned the secular increase in adult stature and are related to child stunting observed in developing countries today. However, there are significant sources of unobserved selection in historical datasets containing children’s and adolescents’ height and weight. This article highlights, among others, three common sources of bias: (1) positive selection of children into secondary school in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries; (2) distorted height by age profiles created by age thresholds for enlistment in the military; and (3) changing institutional ecology that determines to which institutions children are sent. Accounting for these biases adjusts the literature in two ways: evidence of a strong pubertal growth spurt in the nineteenth century is weaker than formerly acknowledged and some long-run analyses of changes in children’s growth are too biased to be informative, especially for Japan.