Books on the topic 'Changes in appearance'
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1
Petherbridge, Edward. Slim chances and unscheduled appearances. Brighton: Indepenpress Pub., 2011.
2
Association of Art Historians (Great Britain) and United Kingdom Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works., eds. Appearance, opinion, change: evaluating the look of paintings. London: United Kingdom Institute for Conservation, 1990.
3
Institution, British Standards. British Standard method for determination of the resistance to pilling and change of appearance of fabrics. London: B.S.I., 1986.
4
Diller, Vivian. Face it: What women really feel as their looks change : a psychological guide to enjoying your appearance at any age. Carlsbad, Calif: Hay House, 2010.
5
Meltzer, Carole Swann. Feng shui chic: Change your life with spirit and style. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2003.
6
Chen, Ajiang, Pengli Cheng, and Yajuan Luo. Chinese "Cancer Villages". Translated by Jennifer Holdaway. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789089647221.
Abstract:
The phenomenon of "cancer villages" has emerged in many parts of rural China, drawing media attention and becoming a fact of social life. However, the relationship between pollution and disease is often hard to discern. Through sociological analysis of several villages with different social and economic structures, the authors offer a comprehensive, historically grounded analysis of the coexistence between the incidence of cancer, environmental pollution and villagers’ lifestyles, as well as the perceptions, claims and responses of different actors. They situate the appearance of "cancer villages" in the context of social, economic and cultural change in China, tracing the evolution of the issue over two decades, and providing deep insights into the complex interactions and trade-offs between economic growth, environmental change and public health.
7
Fafinski, Mateusz. Roman Infrastructure in Early Medieval Britain. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463727532.
Abstract:
Early Medieval Britain was more Roman than we think. The Roman Empire left vast infrastructural resources on the island. These resources lay buried not only in dirt and soil, but also in texts, laws, chronicles, charters, even churches and landscapes. This book uncovers them and shows how they shaped Early Medieval Britain. Infrastructures, material and symbolic, can work in ways that are not immediately obvious and exert an influence long after their creators have gone. Infrastructure can also rest dormant and be reactivated with a changed function, role and appearance. This is not a simple story of continuity and discontinuity: It is a story of adaptation and transformation, of how the Roman infrastructural past was used and re-used, and also how it influenced the later societies of Britain.
8
Mal'shina, N., and Andrey Garnov. MODERN PRINCIPLES ANALYSIS OF RESOURCE FLOWS IN CRISIS CONDITIONS: CULTURE AND CREATIVE INDUSTRY. xxu: Academus Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31519/978-1-4946-0018-1.
Abstract:
The culture industry should become attractive for capital investment through the development of organizational-economic mechanisms of support in the form of integrated structures as well as through the development of mechanisms of its financing: systems of culture multi-channel backing and state-private partnership which would allow to create prerequisites for the appearance and implementation of new ideas and projects in the culture field, contributing to culture sphere formation as a full-fledged source of state income.
As a result of this project implementation, original new fundamental theoretical assumptions and empirical data in the culture industry field and the regional development will be obtained.
The project focuses on the study of fundamental basics research of the culture industry functioning, solves scientific problems of the culture industry effectiveness evaluation and direction justification of its support and funding; there are being worked out strategies and mechanisms of the culture industry efficiency development and increase in accordance with the characteristics and needs of regional economies.
9
Meurs, Wim, Robin Bruin, Liesbeth Grift, Carla Hoetink, Karin Leeuwen, and Reijnen. The Unfinished History of European Integration. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789462988149.
Abstract:
When the Treaty of Lisbon went into effect in December 2009, the event seemed to mark the beginning of a longer phase of institutional consolidation for the EU. Since 2010, however, the EU has faced multiple crises, which have rocked its foundations and deeply challenged the narrative of 'the end of the history of integration'. The military crisis in eastern Ukraine and the refugee crisis call for a joint approach, but in practice reveal the difficulty of maintaining even the appearance of European solidarity and political unanimity. The financial and socio-economic crisis in southern Europe and Brexit present the EU with the latest set of challenges. If seventy years of European integration have taught us anything, it is that fundamental crises as well as moments of rapid institutional change form integral parts of its history. The Unfinished History of European Integration presents the reader with historical and theoretical knowledge on which well-founded judgements can be based. This textbook on European integration history has been written as a student textbook for a bachelor's or master's programme in European integration history, as a manual for the analysis of EU sources and, finally, as an information resource for a bachelor's or master's thesis.
10
Paraskeva, Nicole, Alex Clarke, and Diana Harcourt. Altered Appearance from Cancer. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190655617.003.0007.
Abstract:
Abstract: This chapter delineates various appearance alterations that can result from cancer and its treatment. It focuses on describing the impact of appearance changes involving weight, scarring from surgery, alopecia, ascites, and lymphedema. It also examines the influence of patient-related factors (i.e., gender, age) and treatment-related factors on appearance-related distress. Various models of adjustment to alterations in appearance are presented with particular attention to predisposing factors, intervening cognitive processes, and measurable outcomes identified by large-scale research studies conducted by the Appearance Research Collaboration. Finally, the chapter identifies gaps in knowledge and directions for future research needed to advance the understanding of an individual’s experiences of living with an altered appearance due to cancer.
11
Lewis-Smith, Helena, Diana Harcourt, and Alex Clarke. Interventions to Support Patients Affected by an Altered Appearance. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190655617.003.0004.
Abstract:
Abstract: Changes to appearance as a result of disease and treatment can be a source of considerable distress for many patients. This chapter applies a stepped model of care as a framework to consider the use of psychosocial approaches to support people whose appearance and/or body image has changed as a result of cancer. In doing so, it explores the use of a range of interventions, from societal-level approaches aiming to shift attitudes toward appearance amongst the general population through to high-level interventions for patients with high levels of distress, delivered by psychosocial specialists with expertise in this field. The chapter also reflects on the challenges facing health professionals and researchers who are looking to provide evidence-based care and offers suggestions for the future direction of research.
12
Solomon, Miriam. On the appearance and disappearance of Asperger’s syndrome. Edited by Kenneth S. Kendler and Josef Parnas. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198796022.003.0023.
Abstract:
Asperger’s syndrome was added to the psychiatric disease classifications in DSM-IV (1994), and removed from DSM-5 (2013) almost 20 years later. This is a short life for a psychiatric syndrome. This chapter examines the case in depth in order to see what can be learned from it about appropriate criteria for making changes in the DSM nosology. Scientific criteria, clinical considerations, and patient/family perspectives are considered. In general, I recommend broadening the criteria to include the impact on patient self-understanding and identity.
13
Lai, Kar Neng, and Sydney C. W. Tang. Immunoglobulin A nephropathy diagnosis. Edited by Neil Turner. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0067_update_001.
Abstract:
The defining histological hallmark of immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy is the presence of IgA in the mesangium as the sole or dominant immunoreactant. Light microscopy appearances vary very widely. The most common appearance is mesangial cell proliferation and an increase in mesangial matrix. However, this is not diagnostic in the absence of immunohistology. Focal segmental proliferative or necrotizing glomerulonephritis may be seen in ‘vasculitic’ disease with or without the skin changes of Henoch–Schönlein purpura. Extracapillary proliferation and crescent formation may occur. Occasionally florid haematuria may cause renal failure through acute tubular injury. Most commonly the disease is slowly evolving and focal or global sclerosis and tubulointerstitial scarring develop. The Oxford classification scheme may give some prognostic weight to these changes. There are no reliable serological or urine tests for the disease. Although average levels of serum IgA are above the population average this is not diagnostically useful in individual patients. Promising biomarkers in urine and serum are under investigation.
14
Bocks, Donna. Came to Say Good-Bye: After a devastating loss, Donna Bocks main character refuses to be swallowed by self-pity, changes her personal appearance, ... and embarks on a journey into a new life. Open Window Creations, 2011.
15
Siddiqui, Salman, and Dhananjay Desai. Drug-induced lung disease. Edited by Patrick Davey and David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0144.
Abstract:
Pulmonary drug toxicity is being increasingly recognized as a cause of various forms of lung disease. The spectrum of disease can range from transient, minor reactions to rapidly progressive disease with fatal consequences. A large number of drugs are linked to pulmonary disease; however, causality is often difficult to establish, because the length of the latency period between exposure and the onset of disease can vary and because there can be discordance between symptom development and the appearance of radiological changes, which may not be present at all (e.g. angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors can cause cough-related airways disease in the absence of radiological change).
16
Turner, Neil. Exercise-related pseudonephritis. Edited by Neil Turner. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0049.
Abstract:
Vigorous and prolonged physical exercise can produce a range of urinary abnormalities which would normally be considered alarming. They include haematuria, haemoglobinuria, the appearance in urine of red cells in urine, some fragmented in a ‘glomerular’ manner, red cell cast formation, and proteinuria. A variety of names have been given to these syndromes, including march haematuria and march haemoglobinuria. Mostly these changes seem benign and self-limiting. Rarely they are associated with acute kidney injury but this is often in the context of other renal insults, extreme dehydration, or hyperpyrexic conditions. Vigorous exercise is also commonly associated with various electrolyte changes related to both over- and under-hydration. These can complicate assessment. Transient proteinuria in the absence of haematuria appears to be a physiological response to even short-term exercise, its degree related to the intensity of the exercise. Causation of these syndromes is mixed and not fully explained. There is good evidence for physical trauma to red cells being a significant part, but this cannot explain the appearance of glomerular red cells and red cell casts. Exercise-related changes mostly resolve within less than a day, and almost all by 72 hours.
17
Hall, Patrik. The Swedish Administrative Model. Edited by Jon Pierre. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199665679.013.17.
Abstract:
This chapter discusses four features which together form the backbone of what is called the Swedish administrative model. These four features are the “dualism” (i.e. the relatively high degree of autonomy that Swedish state agencies enjoy in relation to the government), openness, decentralization, and corporatism. Each feature’s historical and constitutional foundation is discussed, as well as various tensions surrounding them. It is argued that the oldest features (the dualism and the openness) are still highly institutionalized while the younger ones (decentralization and corporatism) have weakened in recent decades. However, it is also argued that administrative practices linked to the dualism and the openness have changed quite rapidly in recent decades, giving these features the appearance of façades. In other words, government “talk” remains intact while actual government changes.
18
Schuler, Tammy A., Andy Roth, and Jimmie Holland. Age-Related Considerations for Treating Body Image Issues in Cancer Patients (Older Adults). Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190655617.003.0013.
Abstract:
Abstract: It is vital to improve knowledge regarding body image concerns in older cancer patients. This chapter describes complex interactions of cancer and body image in women and men 65 years and older. The chapter is broadly divided by diagnosis, and discusses research from around the globe. Overall, the empirical literature does not (yet) provide enough evidence that attitudes affecting body image in older cancer patients are unequivocally different than younger patients. However, there appears to be a trend which parallels findings regarding attitudes toward body image in healthy populations—namely that body image investment (i.e., the importance placed on appearance) decreases with age. In addition, anecdotes from patients indicate that distress from internal changes that occur with such cancers as ovarian, uterine, and prostate may have a profound impact despite external normal appearance. The chapter includes empirically supported clinical recommendations for approaching body image concerns in this group.
19
Horvath, Laura J. Reduction Mammoplasty. Edited by Christoph I. Lee, Constance D. Lehman, and Lawrence W. Bassett. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190270261.003.0061.
Abstract:
Reduction mammoplasty is a surgical procedure performed to decrease breast size. Breast parenchyma and skin are resected, and the nipple is repositioned to a more superior location on the smaller breast mound. The goals of the procedure are to alleviate a variety of physical and psychological complaints. Because women with a history of reduction surgery are commonly seen for screening mammography and other breast imaging studies, it is important to be aware of the normal post-operative appearance. This chapter, appearing in the section on intervention and surgical change, reviews the key imaging and clinical features, imaging protocols and pitfalls, differential diagnoses, and management recommendations for reduction mammoplasty. Topics discussed include clinical indications, surgical technique, and benign post-operative changes, including scars, oil cysts, fat necrosis, and calcifications.
20
Harper, Kristina, and Hanne Konradsen. Cultural Considerations in Body Image and Cancer. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190655617.003.0016.
Abstract:
Abstract: This chapter discusses the Western cultural perspective of the body ideal and how cultural norms may influence the body image experiences of patients with cancer. The chapter begins with an overview of the sociocultural standards of appearance embraced in Western society, including the body-ideal shift throughout the 20th and 21st centuries, and how this specifically relates to physical changes that can co-occur with cancer, followed by a broader look at additional facets of Western culture (e.g., consumerism, surgical enhancement, media) that may shape the body image experience and ultimately treatment decisions of cancer patients. Specific research findings are discussed primarily in relation to body image in breast cancer with brief discussion of other cancers that impact one’s appearance. Finally, current interventions for working within the Western cultural framework are discussed, as well as clinical considerations for health care providers working with patients on body image issues in the oncology setting.
21
Brown, Nadia E., and Danielle Casarez Lemi. Sister Style. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197540572.001.0001.
Abstract:
Sister Style: The Politics of Appearance for Black Women Political Elites centers Black women’s bodies, specifically their hair texture and skin tone, to argue that phenotypic differences among Black women politicians directly impact how they experience political office and how Black voters evaluate them. The book brings together an interdisciplinary, multi-method, and blended epistemological approach of positivism and interpretivism to ask whether African American women’s appearances provide a more nuanced lens through which to study how their raced-gendered identities impact their candidacies and shape their political behavior. The authors take a deep dive into intersectional theory-building, through which they examine the intra-categorical differences among Black women. They find that Black women vary in their political experiences because of their appearances, and that dominant, Eurocentric beauty standards influence the electoral chances of Black women. They observe that skin tone and hair texture, along with the historical legacies that have shaped the current cultural and political contexts, dictate Black women elites’ political experiences and voter evaluations of them. The book asks the following questions: What do the politics of appearance for Black women mean for Black women politicians and for Black voters who evaluate them? What are the origins of the contemporary focus on Black women’s bodies in public life? How do Black women politicians themselves make sense of the politics of appearance? Is there a phenotypic profile into which most Black women politicians fit? What is the effect of variation in Black women’s phenotypes for candidate evaluations? And how do voters process the appearances of Black women candidates?
22
Ringrose, Kathryn. The Byzantine Body. Edited by Judith Bennett and Ruth Karras. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199582174.013.028.
Abstract:
The Byzantines perceived the body as malleable, able to be changed to suit the needs of society. They also believed that the appearance of the outer body reflected the quality of the inner person's soul. As a result, bodily appearance became an important marker for gender, class, and moral worth. Within the religious community, sexuality represented the ungoverned worldliness of the body and abstention the purity of the soul. The Byzantines bridged the gap between the worldly and the ascetic by creating a new kind of man, the eunuch. The eunuch lived and worked outside the realities of family and clan and was believed to have special connections to the spiritual world. Because the Byzantines were so conscious of outward appearances, they regularly commented on the appearance and actions of eunuchs, ascribing to them the best and worst kinds of natures and, in turn, reflecting attitudes about their own bodies.
23
Webster, Michael A. Adaptation Aftereffects in the Perception of Faces. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199794607.003.0094.
Abstract:
Most people are adept at recognizing a face they have seen previously, or inferring from the face an individual’s traits. These abilities suggest that some aspects of the visual representation of faces remain stable. Yet, face perception may also involve highly dynamic processes that are continuously recalibrated by the variety of faces to which we are exposed. In particular, the appearance of a face can be rapidly and dramatically changed after viewing—and thus adapting—to a different face. Thus tThe perceived identity or characteristics of a face appears can be strongly biased by the set of faces seen previously. For example, after viewing a narrow face, a normally proportioned face appears too wide. These face aftereffects are similar in form and dynamics to the classic adaptation effects of color, form, and motion but may depend in part on response changes at high and possibly face-specific levels of visual processing.
24
Lee, Amie Y., and Bonnie N. Joe. Post-Lumpectomy/Post-Radiation Breast. Edited by Christoph I. Lee, Constance D. Lehman, and Lawrence W. Bassett. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190270261.003.0062.
Abstract:
Mammography is currently the primary imaging modality for post-operative evaluation and surveillance of the conservatively treated breast. Tumor recurrence has been shown to occur at a rate of approximately 1–2% per year, and the goal of imaging surveillance is to detect recurrent and new cancers at the earliest stages while avoiding unnecessary biopsies for characteristically benign findings. The radiologist should be familiar with the expected mammographic appearance and evolution of benign post-lumpectomy/post-radiation change, while also recognizing findings suspicious for residual and recurrent disease. This chapter, appearing in the section on intervention and surgical changes, reviews the key imaging and clinical features, imaging protocols and pitfalls, and clinical recommendations for the post-lumpectomy and post-radiation breast. Topics discussed include the evolution of benign post-surgical/post-radiation findings and the detection of suspicious lesions. The primary emphasis will be on mammographic surveillance. The role of ultrasound and MRI will also be discussed.
25
Nelson, Margaret C., and Patricia A. Gilman. Mimbres Archaeology. Edited by Barbara Mills and Severin Fowles. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199978427.013.14.
Abstract:
The Mimbres cultural tradition once dominated southwestern New Mexico and adjacent areas, and is best known for intricate and beautiful pottery with black designs painted on a white background. The apex of population and tradition—1000–1130 ce—is labeled the Mimbres Classic period. Several major changes distinguish this period from earlier Pithouse periods, including the appearance of the first pueblos in the southern Southwest, increased population, change from enclosed to open ritual spaces, elaboration of black-on-white pottery, and a shift in pan-regional connections from west with the people of the Hohokam region to south into Mesoamerica. This chapter describes these trends and their implications. It then explores three research themes that have contributed to this cultural tradition and to broader understandings of society, ecology, and worldview: human-environment interactions; organizational variation of large pueblos, room layouts, ritual practices, and ceramic production; and the representational and geometric black-on-white pottery.
26
Spalding, Susan Eike. Afterword. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038549.003.0009.
Abstract:
This book has explored what has given life and meaning to old time dancing in six communities in Eastern Kentucky, Northeast Tennessee, and Southwest Virginia in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. Through interviews, it has identified a variety of circumstances responsible for the appearance of dancing in these dance communities, and the ways that residents of each community experienced and responded to industrialization and other societal changes. It has also examined how decisions made by individuals and groups shaped dancing and how decision making was affected by factors such as culture and cultural exchange. Finally, it has discussed the decline and revival of old time dancing in the six communities as well as change and continuity as evidence of the power of local tradition in the Appalachian region. The book concludes with an afterword, which expresses the hope that all six stories will stimulate thinking and exploration and pave the way for future projects on American dance traditions.
27
Haupt, Heinz‐Gerhard. Small Shops and Department Stores. Edited by Frank Trentmann. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199561216.013.0014.
Abstract:
Recent studies have carefully analysed the role of small shops and department stores, placing the emergence of department stores within the context of the broader changes that took place in the retail trade. This article looks at changes in the constellation of the retail trade, stressing the importance of consumer behaviour as both a factor influencing the trade and as a product of changes in the trade itself. It draws attention to the influence of the organization of shops upon consumers, and the effect of consumer attitudes upon the structure and appearance of the retailing trade. Furthermore, the article examines how much consumers adjusted to changing conditions of trade and the development of new retailing regimes, as well as the degree to which the trades themselves reacted to conditions in the labour market, the process of urbanization, and changes in consumer preferences. Finally, it discusses the triumph of self-service and supermarkets, the impact of retailing on time and space, the politics of retailing, and retailing as part of global history.
28
O’Donoghue, John L. Neurologic Manifestations of Organic Chemicals. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199937837.003.0176.
Abstract:
Organic chemicals can produce many different effects on the nervous system. The nervous system functions are affected by a variety of different organic chemicals. Organic chemicals that induce neurotoxicity may be naturally occurring or synthetic. Those that are naturally occurring products of plants or animals are referred to as “toxins,” whereas those that are synthetic are referred to as “toxicants”; however, publications and regulations sometimes use these terms interchangeably. Underlying these functional changes are cellular and subcellular changes that mediate the clinical and pathological appearance of the neurotoxicity. The ability to make a diagnosis of organic-chemical-induced neurotoxicity is dependent on being able to link a clinical situation with an exposure in a dose-related manner. Treatment and management of organic-chemical-induced neurotoxicity in affected individuals is dependent upon the specific chemical involved and the underlying mechanism by which toxicity occurs.
29
Wendorf, Richard. Printing History and Cultural Change. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192898135.001.0001.
Abstract:
This study provides one of the most detailed and comprehensive examinations ever devoted to a critical transformation in the material substance of the printed page; it carries out this exploration in the history of the book, moreover, by embedding these typographical changes in the context of other cultural phenomena in eighteenth-century Britain. The gradual abandonment of pervasive capitalization, italics, and caps and small caps in books printed in London, Dublin, and the American colonies between 1740 and 1780 is mapped in five-year increments which reveal that the appearance of the modern page in English began to emerge around 1765. This descriptive and analytical account focuses on poetry, classical texts, Shakespeare, contemporary plays, the novel, the Bible, the Book of Common Prayer, sermons and religious writings, newspapers, magazines, anthologies, government publications, and private correspondence; and also examines the reading public, canon formation, editorial theory and practice, and the role of typography in textual interpretation. These changes in printing conventions are then compared to other aspects of cultural change: the adoption of the Gregorian calendar in 1752, the publication of Johnson’s Dictionary in 1755, the transformation of shop signs and the imposition of house numbers in London beginning in 1762, and the evolution of the English language and of English prose style. This study concludes that this fundamental shift in printing conventions was closely tied to a pervasive interest in refinement, regularity, and standardization in the second half of the century—and that it was therefore an important component in the self-conscious process of modernizing British culture.
30
Roger, Mccormick, and Stears Chris. Part II The Financial Crisis of 2007–2011, 7 The Initial Impact of the Financial Crisis on Financial Markets. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198749271.003.0008.
Abstract:
This chapter discusses the initial impact of the global financial crisis, covering the seize-up of the inter-bank market; the run on Northern Rock in September 2007; the ‘regulatory failure’ in the UK and proposed changes; other UK financial institution failures, near failures, and rescues; and US financial market problems. It argues that throughout history, there have been episodes of over-eager lending, reckless investing and poor risk management, leading to financial failure and calls for help. Although the recent crisis was supposedly different because the securitization of debt gave the appearance of liquidity and sophisticated risk management, it also had the same common themes of greed and stupidity.
31
Holm, Soren, Inez De Beaufort, and Medard Hilhorst. In the Eye of the Beholder: Ethics and Medical Change of Appearance. Scandinavian University Press, 1996.
32
Menz, Georg. The State as an Actor. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199579983.003.0008.
Abstract:
Despite the state being such a central actor in establishing and policing the rules of the game of any given political economy, its role is often neglected. In this chapter, we briefly review relevant state theories and explore changes to the nature and appearance of the capitalist state. The awesome increase in the political fire power of the financial service sector has unfortunately led to regulatory capture. The state can no longer be considered a neutral umpire, being heavily influenced by the prerogatives of major banking institutions. This state of affairs corrupts the hopes that liberals place in the self-policing powers of the marketplace and reflects certain fears on the political left regarding the pernicious effects of ‘financialization’.
33
Costambeys, Marios. Archives and Social Change in Italy, c.900–1100. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198777601.003.0021.
Abstract:
Chris Wickham’s chapter on ‘Land disputes and their social framework in Lombard- Carolingian Italy’ set the tone for a generation of scholarship, revealing, like other chapters in the same book, the utility of dispute records for writing the social history of early medieval Europe. Societal changes are nowhere more obvious than in the disputes to which they give rise. It is no accident, therefore, that documents generated by law courts have been central to historiography concerned with the nature and sharpness of social change in the post-Carolingian West, to which Chris has also contributed significantly. Increasingly after c.800, however, Italian law court records look to become less useful as social documents because they come to follow a very limited number of formulaic templates, which erased any points in dispute and cast claims in court as undefended. This chapter argues that social changes can still be detected in such documents, though less through their texts than through their patterns of preservation. It shows how in two cases—the abbey of Monte Amiata and the ecclesiastical institutions in Piacenza—the shape of archives of law court documents mirrors and is related to the crystallization of local power into the hands of restricted elite groups focused on single families. In doing so it addresses the current debate, arising largely out of French examples, about the appearance and reality of a ‘transformation’ in Western society around the year 1000.
34
Tiwari, Sandip. Phase transitions and their devices. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198759874.003.0004.
Abstract:
Phase transitions as a collective response of an ensemble, with appearance of unique stable properties spontaneously, is critical to a variety of devices: electronic, magnetic, optical, and their coupled forms. This chapter starts with a discussion of broken symmetry and its manifestation in the property changes in thermodynamic phase transition and the Landau mean-field articulation. It then follows it with an exploration of different phenomena and their use in devices. The first is ferroelectricity—spontaneous electric polarization—and its use in ferroelectric memories. Electron correlation effects are explored, and then conductivity transition from electron-electron and electron-phonon coupling and its use in novel memory and device forms. This is followed by development of an understanding of spin correlations and interactions and magnetism—spontaneous magnetic polarization. The use and manipulation of the magnetic phase transition in disk drives, magnetic and spin-torque memory as well as their stability is explored. Finally, as a fourth example, amorphous-crystalline structural transition in optical, electronic, and optoelectronic form are analyzed. This latter’s application include disk drives and resistive memories in the form of phase-change as well as those with electochemical transport.
35
Thompson, Lana. Plastic Surgery. ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400697258.
Abstract:
This book provides a complete history of plastic surgery, a description of the modern techniques and choices available, and an overview of the controversies surrounding the choice to voluntarily change your physical appearance. Plastic surgery was historically considered a medical necessity. These were procedures specifically developed to treat burn or accident victims, to correct those born with cleft palates, or to repair extreme cases of cosmetic disfigurement, such as amputations performed as a punishment for adulterous men. Today, however, plastic surgery is a common option for those seeking to modify their normal and uninjured bodies to conform to an unrealistic, idealized model of perfection. This book presents the fascinating history of how therapeutic techniques were adapted to offer cosmetic changes to patients without disfiguring bodily flaws. The first section of Plastic Surgery details this evolution by tracing the history from development of the medical techniques to the choices currently available today. The second section digs deeper to examine the controversies and issues associated with plastic surgery, such as race, beauty, and gender reassignment. The third section offers primary documents produced by medical authorities regarding accepted procedures and practices, as well as an expansive glossary and timeline.
36
Zhang, Ning, Li-Jun Ji, and Tieyuan Guo. Culture and Lay Theories of Change. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199348541.003.0003.
Abstract:
Lay theories of change refer to beliefs people hold about how events develop over time and are related to each other. This chapter reviews cultural differences in lay theories of change between East Asians and Euro-Americans/Canadians. The overarching theme from the existing research is that East Asians tend to believe more than Westerners that phenomena change in a cyclical way, whereas Westerners tend to believe that events are either relatively stable or develop in a linear fashion. This cultural variation is manifested in a wide range of predictions and decisions. Furthermore, Euro–North Americans are more likely than East Asians to hold linear beliefs about the correspondence between cause and effect in magnitude, and between appearance and reality (e.g., a strong appearance corresponds to a strong internal state). The chapter also discusses the cultural underpinnings of lay theories of change and directions for future research.
37
Ayala, Francisco J., and Camilo J. Cela-Conde. The hominin lineage. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198739906.003.0003.
Abstract:
This chapter describes the origin of the human lineage within the evolution of the hominoids, which raises the difficult issue of how to integrate the evolution of dentition and terrestrial locomotion. Next is the investigation of the appearance and initial dispersal of the hominins toward the end of the Miocene, with particular attention to the models of colonization of new territories as a function of climate changes. The hypothesis of the adaptation to the open savanna by bipedalism is explored. Finally, there is a summary description of the different deposits and localities of the main African localities with human fossils, pointing out the different geological formations and exemplars found in each deposit, including two sites north of the Rift Valley of great importance: Toros-Menalla (Tchad) and Dmanisi (Georgia).
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Frosio, Giancarlo, ed. Oxford Handbook of Online Intermediary Liability. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198837138.001.0001.
Abstract:
The theoretical—and market—background against which the intermediary liability debate developed has changed considerably since the first appearance of online intermediaries almost two decades ago. These changes have been reflected—or will soon most likely be reflected—in changing policy approaches. The role of Online Service Providers (OSPs) is unprecedented for their capacity to influence the informational environment and users’ interactions within it. The ethical implications of OSPs’ role in contemporary information societies are raising unprecedented social challenges. The decisions made by these platforms increasingly shape contemporary life. Therefore, whether and when access providers and communications platforms such as Google, Twitter, and Facebook are liable for their users’ online activities is a key factor that affects innovation and fundamental rights. There are emerging legal, policy, and ethical issues facing online intermediaries that have so far received various inconsistent answers even within the same jurisdiction. To better understand the heterogeneity of the international online intermediary liability regime, The Oxford Handbook of Online Intermediary Liability is designed to provide a comprehensive, authoritative, and ‘state-of-the-art’ discussion of this topic. This book will review fundamental legal issues in online intermediary liability, while also describing advances in intermediary liability theory and identifying recent policy trends.
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Nikiforidis, Lambrianos, Ashley Rae Arsena, and Kristina M. Durante. The Effect of Fertility on Women’s Intrasexual Competition. Edited by Maryanne L. Fisher. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199376377.013.23.
Abstract:
This chapter examines how the ovulatory cycle affects the tactics women use to compete with one another. As fertility increases near ovulation, women’s mating psychology changes, with implications for intersexual courtship (i.e., attracting opposite-sex mates) and intrasexual competition (i.e., outshining same-sex rivals) which is the primary focus of this chapter. The ovulatory competition hypothesis refers to the effect of fertility on women’s competition, manifested mainly in the domains of physical attractiveness and relative status. Previous research shows that women’s tendency to enhance their appearance near ovulation is driven not by a desire to impress men, but by a motivation to outcompete other women, when those women are perceived as potential rivals. Moreover, the effect of fertility on women’s consumption and financial decision making stems from a desire to surpass other women in status and resources. Implications for women’s materialism, consumption of luxury items, and financial decision making are discussed.
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Lehmann, Vicky, and Marrit A. Tuinman. Body Image Issues Across Cancer Types. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190655617.003.0005.
Abstract:
Abstract: This chapter provides a broad overview of body image challenges experienced by cancer patients and survivors, first focusing on patient characteristics and common treatment side effects that can affect body image and then summarizing findings specific to certain clusters of diagnoses. Research in the area of body image and cancer has largely focused on patients with breast cancer. A growing body of research also recognizes the negative impact of altered appearance and functioning on body image outcomes of patients with sexual organ-related, gastrointestinal, head and neck, skin, and other cancers. Body image is typically evaluated within the context of a single type of cancer and rarely compared across different types. This chapter proposes a visibility-stability model as a conceptual framework to facilitate understanding of the impact of cancer on body image across cancer types. This framework further considers functional body changes and survivors’ subjective evaluations as core components.
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McCormick, Lisa. Music Sociology in a New Key. Edited by Jeffrey C. Alexander, Ronald N. Jacobs, and Philip Smith. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195377767.013.27.
Abstract:
This article examines how scholarship in the sociology of music has been dominated by an economic framework known as the production/consumption paradigm. It first traces the history of the production/consumption paradigm through its appearance in key texts, showing how it changes as it passes from Theodor W. Adorno and Pierre Bourdieu to the American production of culture perspective. It then presents a thematic overview of the literature and highlights the strengths of established research agendas as well as the blind spots that reveal the need for a more cultural approach. It also considers music as a text, as a resource, as a product, and as performance before proposing an alternative to the production/consumption dichotomy. The article argues that the growing interest in performance presents an opportunity not only to advance the study of music, but also to engage with the core theoretical issues in sociology.
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Fergusson, David, and Mark Elliott, eds. The History of Scottish Theology, Volume III. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198759355.001.0001.
Abstract:
A three-volume work, The History of Scottish Theology surveys in diachronic perspective the theologies that have flourished in Scotland from early monasticism until the end of the twentieth century. Written by an international team of specialists, these volumes provide the most comprehensive review yet of the theological movements, figures, and themes that have shaped Scottish culture and exercised a significant influence in other parts of the world. Particular attention is given to different traditions and to the dispersion of Scottish theology through exile, migration, and missionary activity. Volume I covers the period from the appearance of Christianity around the time of Columba to the era of Reformed Orthodoxy in the seventeenth century. Volume II begins with the early Enlightenment and concludes with late Victorian Scotland. In Volume III, the ‘long twentieth century’ is examined with reference to changes in Scottish church life and society.
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Sullivan, Denis J., and Kimberly Jones. Global Security Watch—Egypt. Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400657689.
Abstract:
Despite the appearance of political and military stability, Egypt may be standing at the edge of a precipice as the state remains grounded in rigid authoritarianism while the population, including a struggling civil society, readies itself to make the leap to democratization. This characterization has far-reaching implications for relations between citizens and the government, as well as Egypt’s foreign affairs posture, particularly in the Middle East. State repression of civil, political, and religious actors; the ineffectual provision of social services; and two religious divides, between Coptic Christianity and Islam on the one hand, and secular and conservative Islamic traditions on the other, make for an incendiary domestic environment. The resulting over-reliance on security services to quash dissent could result in a population more amenable to less democratic methods of regime change and/or the development of stronger linkages between regional Islamist groups, whether they be political, militant, or some combination thereof. Global Security Watch—Egypt explores the historical background that created the current realities in Egypt and examines the players and events influencing the nation today. It concludes with a series of recommendations for the Egyptian political establishment, and for the American government, in the belief that meaningful political and policy changes in Egypt can lead to an improvement in human rights, democracy, justice, stability, and security for Egypt, and an improved partnership between Egypt and the United States.
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Borodin, Alexei. Random matrix representations of critical statistics. Edited by Gernot Akemann, Jinho Baik, and Philippe Di Francesco. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198744191.013.12.
Abstract:
This article examines two random matrix ensembles that are useful for describing critical spectral statistics in systems with multifractal eigenfunction statistics: the Gaussian non-invariant ensemble and the invariant random matrix ensemble. It first provides an overview of non-invariant Gaussian random matrix theory (RMT) with multifractal eigenvectors and invariant random matrix theory (RMT) with log-square confinement before discussing self-unfolding and not self-unfolding in invariant RMT. It then considers a non-trivial unfolding and how it changes the form of the spectral correlations, along with the appearance of a ghost correlation dip in RMT and Hawking radiation. It also describes the correspondence between invariant and non-invariant ensembles and concludes by introducing a simple field theory in 1+1 dimensions which reproduces level statistics of both of the two random matrix models and the classical Wigner-Dyson spectral statistics in the framework of the unified formalism of Luttinger liquid.
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Cogger, Harold. Reptiles and Amphibians of Australia. CSIRO Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9781486309702.
Abstract:
Reptiles and Amphibians of Australia is a complete guide to Australia’s rich and varied herpetofauna, including frogs, crocodiles, turtles, tortoises, lizards and snakes. For each of the 1218 species there is a description of its appearance, distribution and habits. These descriptions are also accompanied by distribution maps and, in many cases, one of the book's more than 1000 colour photographs of living animals.
The book also includes 130 simple-to-use dichotomous keys, accompanied by hundreds of explanatory drawings, that in most cases allow a specimen in hand to be identified. In addition, it has a comprehensive list of scientific references for those wishing to conduct more in-depth research, an extensive glossary, and basic guides to the collection, preservation and captive care of specimens.
This classic work was originally published in 1975. The updated seventh edition contains a new Appendix that discusses recent changes and lists over 80 new or resurrected species and genera that have been added to the Australian frog and reptile fauna since the 2014 edition.
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Crerand, Canice E., David B. Sarwer, and Margaret Ryan. Cosmetic Medical and Surgical Treatments and Body Dysmorphic Disorder. Edited by Katharine A. Phillips. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190254131.003.0030.
Abstract:
This chapter reviews the topic of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) and cosmetic medical (including surgical) treatments. One of the most concerning aspects of BDD from a clinical perspective is these individuals’ pursuit of non-mental health treatments—such as surgery, dermatologic treatment, and dental treatment—for a mental health problem. The prevalence of BDD among individuals who seek cosmetic surgical and nonsurgical treatments—especially rhinoplasty—is consistently higher than BDD’s estimated prevalence in the general population. Conversely, a high proportion of persons with BDD seek aesthetic procedures to improve their perceived appearance defects. The limited literature on changes in BDD symptoms and psychosocial functioning after these treatments suggest that outcomes appear to often be poor. BDD symptom improvement is rare and, at best, temporary; there also is risk for symptom exacerbation. Provision of cosmetic treatment for BDD concerns may also involve risks for both patients and clinicians. Taken together, these findings suggest that BDD is a contraindication for cosmetic procedures. The chapter concludes with directions for future research.
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Gilbert, Mark R., and Roberta Rudà. Ependymal tumours. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199651870.003.0005.
Abstract:
Ependymomas are uncommon central nervous system cancers that can arise in the supratentorial, infratentorial, or spinal cord region. Recently, there have been several seminal findings regarding the molecular profiles of ependymomas that have led to marked changes in the classification of this disease. In addition to the World Health Organization grading system that designates ependymomas based on histological appearance into grade I, II, or III, a new molecular classification with distinct entities within the three anatomical regions provides additional subtyping that has prognostic significance and may ultimately provide therapeutic targets. Ependymomas are typically treated with maximum safe tumour resection. Grade III tumours always require radiation treatment even with extensive resection. Radiation is also often administered to patients with grade II ependymomas. Grade I tumours typically receive radiation if there is extensive residual disease, but complete resection may be curative. Local radiation is optimal unless there is imaging or cytological evidence of dissemination in the cerebrospinal fluid. Chemotherapy is less well established although recent molecular findings may lead to subtype specific treatments.
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Fording, Richard C., and Sanford F. Schram. Hard White. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197500484.001.0001.
Abstract:
This book analyzes data from a variety of sources to understand the mainstreaming of racism today, putting this research in a historical context. With issues of globalization, immigration, and demographic diversification achieving greater public salience, racism is now more likely to manifest itself in the form of a generalized ethnocentrism that expresses “outgroup hostility” toward a diverse set of groups, including Latinos and Muslims as well as African Americans. Changes in both structure and agency have facilitated the mainstreaming of racism today. Changes in the “political opportunity structure,” as witnessed by the rise of the Tea Party Movement, enabled the mainstreaming of white extremists into the Republican Party and established the basis for an electoral politics focused on giving voice to white people more generally acting on their outgroup hostility. Changes in the political opportunity structure were matched by the appearance of a charismatic leader in the person of Donald Trump, who made great use of a transformed media landscape to stoke white people’s outgroup hostility. Trump won the presidency by strategically deploying his demagoguery to mobilize white nonvoters in swing states, with the end result greatly accelerating the mainstreaming of racism and placing it at the center of policymaking in the White House. Providing extensive empirical evidence, this book documents how the mainstreaming of racism today began before Trump started to run for the presidency but then increased under his leadership and that it is likely to be a troubling presence in U.S. politics for some time to come. The findings provided create the basis for suggestions on how to push racism back to the margins of American politics.
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Frigg, Roman. Chance and Determinism. Edited by Alan Hájek and Christopher Hitchcock. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199607617.013.24.
Abstract:
Determinism and chance seem to be irreconcilable opposites: either something is chancy or it is deterministic, but not both. Yet there are processes which appear to square the circle by being chancy and deterministic at once, and the appearance is backed by well-confirmed scientific theories, such as statistical mechanics, which also seem to provide us with chances for deterministic processes. Is this possible, and if so how? In this chapter is a discussion of this question for probabilities as they occur in the empirical sciences. Particular attention is paid to broadly Humean approaches and to the method of arbitrary functions, which seem to offer the most promising accounts of deterministic chance.
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United States Government US Air Force. Air Force Instruction AFI 36-2903 Dress and Personal Appearance of Air Force Personnel incorporating Change 4, May 2015. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2015.