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Academic literature on the topic 'Changements thermohalins'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Changements thermohalins"
Silvy, Yona. "Emergence des changements de température et de salinité dans l’océan intérieur en réponse au changement climatique : échelles de temps et mécanismes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022SORUS124.
Full textHuman-induced climate change is already affecting every inhabited region of the planet. Yet, over 90% of the excess heat associated with human activities has been absorbed by the ocean since the 1970s, which acts to largely damp atmospheric warming, but has large impacts on human societies and marine life. In this thesis, I explore when and where thermohaline changes in the ocean interior become large enough to be unambiguously set apart from internal variability and investigate their associated physical drivers, using ensembles of climate models and dedicated numerical experiments. We find that the climate signal in the upper ocean water-masses emerges between the late 20th century and the first decades of the 21st. The Southern Hemisphere mid-latitude Mode Waters emerge before their Northern Hemisphere counterparts. The associated warming at these timescales is mostly caused by the uptake of heat from the atmosphere, passively transported into the ocean interior. In the deeper parts of the ocean, circulation changes play a more important role in the emergence timescales of the climate signals. Increased buoyancy gain at the surface in the subpolar areas cause a slowdown in the meridional overturning circulation. This warms the subsurface and abyssal waters in the Southern Ocean as soon as the mid-20th century, adding up to the weaker passive uptake of heat, but counteracts it in the deep North Atlantic over the 21st, delaying the emergence. Although climate models miss some important aspects of the ocean response to climate change, they allow to shed light on the balance of processes at play, and suggest anthropogenic influence has already spread to large parts of the ocean
Swingedouw, Didier. "Origine et impact climatique d'un changement de circulation thermohaline au cours des prochains siècles dans le modèle IPSL-CM4." Paris 6, 2006. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00451249.
Full textThe thermohaline circulation (THC) strongly influences the climate of the North Atlantic. The warming caused by the release of anthropic CO2 risks to affect this oceanic circulation and then the climate. We point here to evaluate this risk thanks to the tri-dimensional ocean-atmosphere IPSL-CM4 coupled model. In a first part we have done a survey of the principal theories concerning the THC. We have then validated the pertinence of IPSL-CM4 to lead our study. We have then analysed some scenario simulations for next centuries showing a significant diminution of the THC in those simulations, which is strongly magnified if the melting of Greenland is taken in account. The analysis of several scenarios taking into account or not this glacier melting has permitted to isolate in an original manner the role played by THC feedbacks. Last, the effect of the THC on the climate has been quantified in IPSL-CM4. It appears to be more slight that the global warming, even locally on Europe
Swingedouw, Didier. "ORIGINE ET IMPACT CLIMATIQUE D'UN CHANGEMENT DE CIRCULATION THERMOHALINE AU COURS DES PROCHAINS SIECLES DANS LE MODELE IPSL-CM4." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00451249.
Full textBozec, Alexandra. "La circulation thermohaline de la Mer Méditerranée sous les climats présents et futurs." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066009.
Full textSomot, Samuel. "Modélisation climatique du bassin méditerranéen : variabilité et scénarios de changement climatique." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00165252.
Full textgrâce au développement d'un modèle régional couplé (AORCM). Il reproduit correctement
ces processus et permet de quantifier et d'étudier leur variabilité climatique. Le couplage
régional a un impact significatif sur le nombre de cyclogénèses intenses en hiver et sur
les flux et précipitations associés. Il simule une variabilité interannuelle plus faible qu'en
mode forcé pour les flux et la convection et permet de comprendre les rétroactions
qui la pilotent. L'impact régional d'un scénario climatique est analysé avec les modèles
non-couplés : le nombre de cyclogénèses diminue, les pluies associées augmentent au
printemps et en automne et diminuent en été. En outre, la Méditerranée se réchauffe,
se sale et sa circulation thermohaline s'affaiblit fortement. Cette thèse conclut de plus à
la nécessité des AORCMs pour étudier l'impact du changement climatique en Méditerranée.
De, Boyer Montégut Clément. "Couche melangee oceanique et bilan thermohalin de surface dans l'Ocean Indien Nord." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011449.
Full textverticales en densite en hiver dans les gyres subtropicales et dans la zone de convergence subtropicale. On propose des mecanismes de formation de ces structures peu discutees precedemment.
L'analyse des bilans thermohalins de la couche melangee du modele d'ocean nous montre ensuite plusieurs preuves du role de l'Ocean Indien Nord dans la regulation de la TSO. Meme si le vent reste un facteur important dans le controle du cycle saisonnier de la TSO, plusieurs phenomenes oceaniques participent activement
a cette variabilite. En ete, dans l'ouest de la Mer d'Arabie, les upwellings oceaniques contribuent a diminuer considerablement la TSO et dominent la contribution atmospherique. A l'est de la Mer d'Arabie et dans le Golfe du Bengale, la salinite de surface est en grande partie controlee par les courants oceaniques de mousson. Les couches barrieres creees par ces changements de salinite en surface permettent de stocker de la chaleur sous la couche melangee et de la redistribuer par entrainement en hiver. A l'echelle interannuelle, a l'ouest de la Mer d'Arabie, les vents et le melange oceanique vertical participent aussi de maniere equivalente a la variabilite de la TSO. Cependant, les mecanismes de regulation de la TSO semblent etre plus complexes qu'a l'echelle saisonniere et necessitent une etude plus approfondie.
Khodri-Chouchou, Myriam. "Modélisation couplée Océan-Atmosphère-Glace de mer de la réponse climatique aux changements d'insolation du dernier interglaciaire." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066420.
Full textLEMOINE, FLAVIEN. "Changements de l'hydrologie de surface (temperature et salinite) de l'ocean austral en relation avec les variations de la circulation thermohaline au cours des deux derniers cycles climatiques." Paris 6, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA066737.
Full textBarrier, Nicolas. "Variability of the ocean circulation in the North-Atlantic in response to atmospheric weather regimes." Thesis, Brest, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BRES0064/document.
Full textThe aim of the PhD is to investigate the impacts of the large-Scale atmospheric variability on the North- Atlantic ocean circulation. This question has already been addressed in a large number of studies, in which the atmospheric variability is decomposed into modes of variability, determined by decomposing sea-Level pressure anomalies into Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOFs). These modes of variability are the North-Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), the East-Atlantic Pattern (EAP) and the Scandinavian Pattern (SCAN). EOF decomposition assumes that the modes are orthogonal and symmetric. The latter assumption, however, has been shown to be inadequate for the NAO. Hence, a different framework is used in this study to assess the atmospheric variability, the so-Called weather regimes. These are large-Scale, recurrent and quasi-Stationary atmospheric patterns that have been shown to capture well the interannual and decadal variability of atmospheric forcing to the ocean. Furthermore, they allow to separate the spatial patterns of the positive and negative NAO phases. Hence, these weather regimes are a promising alternative to modes of variability in the study of the ocean response to atmospheric variability. Using observations and numerical models (realistic or in idealised settings), we have shown that the Atlantic Ridge (AR), NAO− and NAO+ regimes drive a fast (monthly to interannual) wind-Driven response of the subtropical and subpolar gyres (topographic Sverdrup balance) and of the meridional overturning circulation (MOC, driven by Ekman transport anomalies). At decadal timescales, the subpolar gyre strengthens for persistent NAO+ and Scandinavian Blocking (BLK) conditions via baroclinic adjustment to buoyancy fluxes and slackens for persistent AR conditions via baroclinic adjustment to wind-Stress curl anomalies. The latter mechanism also accounts for the strengthening of the subtropical gyre for persistent NAO+ conditions and its weakening for persistent AR conditions. The gyres response to persistent NAO− conditions reflects the southward shift of the gyre system (the intergyre gyre). The MOC spins-Up for persistent NAO+ and BLK conditions via increased deep water formation in the Labrador Sea, and conversely for the NAO− and AR regimes. Last, heat budget calculations in the subpolar gyre and the Nordic Seas have been performed using four global ocean hindcasts. The winter averaged heat convergence in the western subpolar gyre is positively correlated with the NAO− winter occurrences, which is due to the intergyregyre circulation, while it is negatively correlated with AR winter occurrences, because of the wind-Driven reduction of both gyres. Downward surface heat flux anomalies are negatively correlated with NAO+ occurrences, and conversely for the NAO−. In the Nordic Seas, they are positively correlated with BLK and to a lesser extent AR occurrences. Furthermore, we suggest that the heat content variability in the western subpolar gyre is the signature of the delayed response (6-Year lag) to the time-Integrated NAO+ forcing, due to the combination of the immediate (0-Lag) response of surface heat flux and the lagged (3 year lag) response of ocean heat convergence