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Academic literature on the topic 'Changements climatiques – Groenland'
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Journal articles on the topic "Changements climatiques – Groenland"
Michel-Guillou, Élisabeth, Isabelle Richard, and Karine Weiss. "Évaluation locale d’un problème global : la représentation sociale du changement climatique en France et au Groenland." Bulletin de psychologie Numéro548, no. 2 (2017): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/bupsy.548.0117.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Changements climatiques – Groenland"
Le, clec'h Sébastien. "Sensibilité et rétroactions de la calotte groenlandaise face à des changements climatiques passé et futur." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLV003/document.
Full textThe evolution of the Greenland ice sheet in the future is a major societal issue, given its potential contribution to global sea level rise. The ice sheet is controlled by ice dynamics and climate conditions. Its modelling is a challenge due to the lack of data covering the whole ice sheet and the fine scale of the interaction processes between the ice sheet and the atmosphere. To improve our understanding of the role of the Greenland ice sheet in the climate system, I have first developed an inverse method to obtain appropriate initial conditions for the GRISLI ice sheet model. I then applied this procedure for coupling the MAR regional atmospheric model to GRISLI. I have shown that representing atmosphere – ice sheet interactions at fine scales is essential to avoid underestimating global sea level rise in multi-centennial future projections. Finally, I have used the same models to study the last interglacial (130 – 115 ky BP), which is a warm period during which the sea-level was 6 to 9 m higher than today. My work shows that downscaling large scale model outputs at the regional scale is required to represent climate – ice sheet interactions
Le, clec'h Sébastien. "Sensibilité et rétroactions de la calotte groenlandaise face à des changements climatiques passé et futur." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLV003.
Full textThe evolution of the Greenland ice sheet in the future is a major societal issue, given its potential contribution to global sea level rise. The ice sheet is controlled by ice dynamics and climate conditions. Its modelling is a challenge due to the lack of data covering the whole ice sheet and the fine scale of the interaction processes between the ice sheet and the atmosphere. To improve our understanding of the role of the Greenland ice sheet in the climate system, I have first developed an inverse method to obtain appropriate initial conditions for the GRISLI ice sheet model. I then applied this procedure for coupling the MAR regional atmospheric model to GRISLI. I have shown that representing atmosphere – ice sheet interactions at fine scales is essential to avoid underestimating global sea level rise in multi-centennial future projections. Finally, I have used the same models to study the last interglacial (130 – 115 ky BP), which is a warm period during which the sea-level was 6 to 9 m higher than today. My work shows that downscaling large scale model outputs at the regional scale is required to represent climate – ice sheet interactions
Guillemot, Typhaine. "Réponses sédimentaires et moléculaires des remplissages lacustres groenlandais aux changements climatiques holocènes et à l'évolution des pratiques agropastorales." Thesis, Besançon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BESA2034/document.
Full textIn the current context of global change, understanding the interactions between Human/Environment/Climate is necessary to develop adaptive strategies and preserve ecosystems. A retrospective approach is therefore realized in three lacustrine cores to reconstruct the paleo-environmental history during the last five millennia. Lake Igaliku (N61°00’22’’, W45°26’28’’), located at 2km from the medieval episcopal cathedral in the historical farming center, has a sedimentation mainly driven by anthropogenic activities. A complete molecular inventory has been made on this sequence to characterize past agropastoral dynamics and their impacts on south Greenlandic ecosystems. The identified fecal biomarkers revealed two agropastoral phases, during the Norse settlement and recently, separated by the Little Ice Age (LIA) and mainly characterized by sheep breeding. Vegetation molecular biomarkers (n-alkanes, triterpenyl acetates) and palynological data showed a reduction of trees and shrubs cover during these two periods especially. Erosion biomarkers (TTHCs) and sedimentological data identified only one drastic erosion in the 1980s synchronous with the mechanized creation of fodder parcels. Moreover, an eutrophication of the lake waters was recorded with short chain length n-alkanes and mesotrophic diatoms. Lake Qallimiut (N60°43’27’’, W45°23’12’’) and Little Kangerluluup (N60°38’32’’, W45°38’11’’), less impacted by anthropogenic activities, are fed by major streams influenced by hydrological variations. Their sedimentation is therefore mainly driven by climate changes. To improve the temporal and spatial resolution of climate changes during the Holocene, a multi-proxy sedimentological study was made on these two sites. Petrophysical, mineralogical and geochemical analyses have identified flood events especially occurring during cooler and wetter periods such as the Middle to Late Holocene transition (ca. 2500 BC), the Sub-boreal/Sub-atlantic transition (ca. 700 BC) and the LIA (between ca. AD 1300 et ca. AD 1900). These climate pejorations have impacted local human societies. For example, during the LIA, a maximum of flood events and drop of temperatures are recorded, partly responsible of the Norse demise
Degeorges, Damien. "Le rôle du Groënland dans les enjeux de l'Arctique." Paris 5, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA05D014.
Full textThe strengthened interest for the Arctic region, due to the consequences of climate change, coincides with the emergence of Greenland on the Arctic and international scenes. At the intersection of American and European interests in the region, Greenland, a self-ruled territory four times the size of France and inhabited by about 57,000 persons, forms part of a specific debate which is of an evolutionary nature and goes beyond the regional context. Stronger autonomy within the Kingdom of Denmark is bringing Greenland closer to possible independence, generating growing interest amongst the international community. Greenland, due to its huge icecap, its natural resources, particularly an enormous potential in Rare Earth Elements, and a location at the centre of the Arctic, new frontier of international relations, assumes a strategic dimension. The territory appears as a key issue for developments in the Arctic region and for global challenges such as adaptation to climate change and energy security in the context of an economy expected to become lowcarbon. Greenland’s state-building, between the desire for independence soon and a pragmatic approach, appears as a central issue to define the role of Greenland in the Arctic. Particularly given the territory’s strategic resources, Greenland’s state-building process may become a major security issue if it goes too fast. In case of economic difficulties, assistance to a Greenlandic state from a state willing to position or strengthen its presence in the region may have consequences for developments in the Arctic and global energy security
LANDAIS, AMAELLE. "VARIABILITÉ CLIMATIQUE RAPIDE EN ATLANTIQUE NORD : L'APPORT DES ISOTOPES DE L'AIR PIÉGÉ DANS LA GLACE DU GROENLAND." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007403.
Full textCapron, Emilie. "L'air piégé dans les glaces polaires : contraintes chronologiques et caractérisation de la variabilité climatique rapide." Phd thesis, Université de Versailles-Saint Quentin en Yvelines, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00579600.
Full textMassa, Charly. "Variabilité climatique holocène et impacts anthropiques historiques en zone subarctique : étude multiparamètre de la séquence sédimentaire du lac d'Igaliku (Groenland)." Thesis, Besançon, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BESA1008/document.
Full textThe medieval Norse colonization of Greenland (986-1450 AD) and the subsequent reestablishment of agriculture in south Greenland, aided by recent climate warming, constitute a conceptual model that is particularly well adapted to understanding the relations between a community and its environment. In this perspective, a multi-parameter sedimentological study was undertaken on the sedimentary sequence of Lake Igaliku (N61°00’22”, W45°26’28”), situated in the heart of the medieval and current agricultural sector. The 4 m long sequence, covering the entire Holocene evolution of the lake (~10 000 years), was studied at high temporal resolution. The analyses included the physico-chemical characterization of the sediments (density, magnetic susceptibility, XRF, X-ray imaging, grain size, carbon, nitrogen, and sulphur content, ICP-AES, δ13C and δ15N isotopic ratios) as well as the biological components of the sediment (pollen, non-pollen palynomorphs, diatoms). 28 radiocarbon dates as well as 210Pb and 137Cs measurements created a precise temporal framework with which to reconstruct the postglacial evolution of the lake and its catchment in terms of isostatic constraints, climatic forcing and anthropogenic impacts. The first phase of basin evolution is primarily controlled by isostasy, with the rapid transition from glaciomarine conditions to a freshwater lake as the basin emerged from the fjord 9500 yr BP. Afterwards, the sedimentary sequence records the paleoclimatic evolution of the region. Paleolimnological and terrestrial proxies suggest an early warm phase likely interrupted by a cold, windy, dry period between 8600 yr BP and 8100 yr BP. A second dry, windy period between 5300 yr BP and 4800 yr BP predated the transition to neoglacial cooling, which is characterised at Igaliku by a switch to humid and perhaps cooler conditions after 4800 BP, and which caused a major shift in both aquatic and terrestrial ecology. Approximately 1000 AD, after the arrival of Norse settlers, the lacustrine system became anthropogenically dominated. Land clearing and domestic herbivores introduction in the lake catchment doubled the rate of soil erosion (from 4 mm century-1 to 8 mm century-1 by 1200 AD) and caused a major modification of the organic carbon influx. On the other hand, diatom assemblages demonstrate that the lake ecology was not strongly impacted by medieval agriculture at this site. After 1325 AD, until the end of the Norse tenure in the mid-15th century, terrestrial vegetation showed signs of rebound and soil erosion decreased. This agricultural diminishment, probably in relation to the beginning of the Little Ice Age, is consistent with an important change in subsistence patterns evidenced by archaeology in this region. The reestablishment of agriculture at the beginning of the 20th century marks the reinvigoration of erosional processes that are similar in intensity to that of the Norse settlement. On the other hand, the intensification and modernization of farming practices during the 1980s is responsible for marked soil erosion (21 mm century-1) and a shift in lake ecology (eutrophication) that is unprecedented in the 9500 yr history of the lake. The combined effects of agriculture and climate warming already underway (initiated in the 1920s at Igaliku) will have large environmental consequences for the future of this region