Academic literature on the topic 'Changements climatiques – Afrique occidentale'
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Journal articles on the topic "Changements climatiques – Afrique occidentale"
Hessou, Tohouindji Christian, and Kristin Bartenstein. "Le principe des responsabilités communes mais différenciées et les déplacés climatiques en Afrique : un partage du fardeau avec les États riches ?" Les Cahiers de droit 55, no. 1 (June 3, 2014): 289–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1025506ar.
Full textVansina, Jan. "L'homme, les forêts et le passé en Afrique." Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales 40, no. 6 (December 1985): 1307–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/ahess.1985.283239.
Full textMunang, Richard, and Jesica Andrews. "Le commerce en Afrique au temps des changements climatiques." Afrique Renouveau 28, no. 2 (August 31, 2014): 10–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/b9002a39-fr.
Full textKomlavi Hahonou, Eric, and Caroline Schaer. "Coproduire les services publics." Emulations - Revue de sciences sociales, no. 20 (June 12, 2017): 35–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.14428/emulations.020.003.
Full textPerrin, Thomas, Tiphaine Dachy Dachy, Esther López-Montalvo, Claire Manen Manen, and Grégor Marchand Marchand. "Quelles relations entre l’Afrique du Nord et l’Europe au début de l’Holocène ?" Tabona: Revista de Prehistoria y Arqueología 22 (2022): 13–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.25145/j.tabona.2022.22.01.
Full textAllam, Antoine, Jinane El Hassan, Wajdi Najem, Claude Bocquillon, and Roger Moussa. "Classification climatique méditerranéenne pour l'hydrologie." La Houille Blanche, no. 1 (February 2020): 60–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/lhb/2020008.
Full textBailon, Salvador, and Hugues-Alexandre Blain. "Faunes de reptiles et changements climatiques en Europe occidentale autour de la limite Plio-Pléistocène." Quaternaire, no. 18/1 (March 1, 2007): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/quaternaire.960.
Full textMarret, Fabienne, James Scourse, J. H. Fred Jansen, and Ralph Schneider. "Changements climatiques et paléocéanographiques en Afrique centrale atlantique au cours de la dernière déglaciation : contribution palynologique." Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series IIA - Earth and Planetary Science 329, no. 10 (November 1999): 721–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1251-8050(00)88491-8.
Full textBouka Dipelet, Ulrich Gaël. "Structuration de la biodiversité des forêts africaines et changements climatiques : une étude à travers le genre Khaya (Meliaceae)." BOIS & FORETS DES TROPIQUES 339 (April 17, 2019): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/bft2019.339.a31718.
Full textLANCELOT, R., E. ZUNDEL, and C. DUCROT. "Spécificités de la santé animale en régions chaudes : le cas des maladies infectieuses majeures en Afrique." INRAE Productions Animales 24, no. 1 (March 4, 2011): 65–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2011.24.1.3237.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Changements climatiques – Afrique occidentale"
Nka, Nnomo Bernadette. "Contribution à l'Actualisation des Normes Hydrologiques en relation avec les Changements Climatiques et Environnementaux en Afrique de l'Ouest." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066142.
Full textWater resources plays a key role in the social progress and economic development of west african countries. But the mobilization of water is hampered by climate and environmental changes that undergoes the region since 1970. Extremes parts of hydrological regimes are also impacted, but less studies have focus on their evolution, in relation with climate and environmental changes. The main objective of this thesis is to characterize hydrological extreme events in West Africa, we tried to answer the following questions:- What are the trends of maximum discharge in west Africa?- Are these trends due to climate changes or enviromental changes?- Which speculations can be made from these evolutions, according to future climate simulations?In the first part of the work, we analyzed the trends of floods over 14 watersheds of the region. This analysis allowed us to highlight a clustering behavior of flood according to the climatic region the catchments belong to. Increasing trends have been found on flood magnitude and flood frequency of the 3 sahelian catchments used, and decreasing trends of flood magnitude were found on three sudanian catchments. Finally, the remaining catchments did not showed significant trend in their flood regime
Sakho, Issa. "Evolution et fonctionnement hydro-sédimentaire de la lagune de la Somone, Petite Côte, Sénégal." Rouen, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ROUES036.
Full textLocated at the Petite Côte of Senegal, Somone is a small coastal river that flows into the Atlantic Ocean by a microtidal lagoonal-estuarine ecosystem. Today, the contribution of the watershed is absent due to a combination of several factors including the dam of Bandia. The only freshwater inputs are from precipitation and groundwater. Somone is a lagoonal-estuarine system characterized by an inverse hydrological functioning where marine influences predominate. Mangrove, dominated by Rhizophora, is the main characteristic unit of this coastal system. The diachronic evolution of 60 years shows a significant change for all the morphological units of the ecosystem. The mobility of the sandy spit, which caused the closures of the mouth in 1967-1969 and in 1987, is related to meteorological variations. The regressive surface of mangroves between 1954 and 1989 is the result of the combined effect of these closures of the mouth, drought and traditional uses of mangroves. The restoration of the mangrove is mainly due to reforestation policies administered in the 2000s. The annual and seasonal trend shows that the internal reworking is the main hydro-sedimentary processes. Sedimentation rate of the mud flats is 2 to 3 mm. Year-1. The dynamics of the sandy spit of the Somone plays an important role in the development and quality of internal units, the mangroves in particular. The permanent opening of the mouth allows a twice-daily renewal of water in the lagoon, which is essential for regulating the high salt content. The low content of sediment in total organic carbon, reflect the low organic matter production of the mangrove because it is a young and stunted mangrove. Diagenetic processes are anaerobic and mostly in the top 10 cm of the sediment, on the recent deposit. The contribution of young mangroves, like Somone, in the carbon storage process, is low. The lagoonal-estuarine ecosystem of the Somone is fragile and highly reactive and his evolution is fast and linked to the cumulative effects of natural and anthropogenic factors
Generoso, Rémi. "Le rôle des transferts de fonds dans un contexte de variabilité climatique : le cas des pays d'Afrique de l'Ouest." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013VERS036S.
Full textThe aim of this PhD thesis is to analyze the links between migration process and climate variability in West Africa and especially in those countries characterized by a Sahelian climate. Our estimations highlight the important role of remittances toward precipitation variability in West Africa. At the microeconomic level, we show that migrant remittances enhance households coping capacities to deal with the negative impact of drought on vulnerability to food insecurity. However, remittances are mostly spent to maintain consumption over time and our results show that they have non significant impacts on poverty when mesured by households productive assets. In a macroeconomic perspective, an increased dependency to remittances may be exerted if remittances are spent in basic consumer goods. They can encourage an increase in the demand exceeding the production capacity of the economy. In return, remittances have no or not enough spillover effects. Our results indicate that any positive shock on remittances leads to a small increase in agricultural value added, without significant impact on GDP. Thus, spillover effects of remittances are low in the short term. Remittances positive shocks lead in return to a rise in agricultural imports by in sahelian countries while a rainfall shock leads to an immediate decline in agricultural production
Ouédraogo, Mahaman. "Contribution à l'étude de l'impact de la variabilité climatique sur les ressources en eau en Afrique de l'ouest. Analyse des conséquences d'une sécheresse persistante : normes hydrologiques et modélisation régionale." Montpellier 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON20217.
Full textRoudier, Philippe. "Climat et agriculture en Afrique de l'Ouest : quantification de l'impact du changement climatique sur les rendements et évaluation de l'utilité des prévisions saisonnières." Paris, EHESS, 2012. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00874724.
Full textIn this thesis, we first aim at reviewing all the studies assessing the impact of future climate changes on agricultural yields. The median value of all relative changes of yield is -11%. We also underline the relevance for future studies to define a large range of climatic scenarios. Based on these conclusions, we next intend to evaluate the impact of future climate change on West African yields using 35 meteorological stations. Results reveal a negative evolution of average yield, mainly driven by temperature rise. Rainfall anomalies can only compensate (positive anomaly) or aggravate (negative) this tendency. We also find that potential impacts are more pessimistic for cultivars with a constant cycle length. Given these previous findings about high year-to-year variability of rainfall (thus entailing a variability of yields) and given the uncertain future climate, we are led to study next what interest the farmers would have in having climatic information such as seasonal forecasts. These forecasts can be used to minimize the impacts of rainfall variability. We compute the value of such forecasts for millet growers in Niger, using a simple economic model. Results reveal a positive impact of such forecasts on average income, even for dry years and with a forecast accuracy close to a real one. This increase reaches +34% if other information such as the onset and the offset of the rainy season are given. Finally, we develop participatory workshops in Senegal (i) to study precisely how farmers change their cropping strategies with seasonal and decadal forecasts and (ii) to quantify the impact of such forecasts on yields. This study reveals that forecasts have mainly no impact on yields (62%). However, it is positive in 31% of cases
Nka, Nnomo Bernadette. "Contribution à l'Actualisation des Normes Hydrologiques en relation avec les Changements Climatiques et Environnementaux en Afrique de l'Ouest." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066142/document.
Full textWater resources plays a key role in the social progress and economic development of west african countries. But the mobilization of water is hampered by climate and environmental changes that undergoes the region since 1970. Extremes parts of hydrological regimes are also impacted, but less studies have focus on their evolution, in relation with climate and environmental changes. The main objective of this thesis is to characterize hydrological extreme events in West Africa, we tried to answer the following questions:- What are the trends of maximum discharge in west Africa?- Are these trends due to climate changes or enviromental changes?- Which speculations can be made from these evolutions, according to future climate simulations?In the first part of the work, we analyzed the trends of floods over 14 watersheds of the region. This analysis allowed us to highlight a clustering behavior of flood according to the climatic region the catchments belong to. Increasing trends have been found on flood magnitude and flood frequency of the 3 sahelian catchments used, and decreasing trends of flood magnitude were found on three sudanian catchments. Finally, the remaining catchments did not showed significant trend in their flood regime
Traore, Amadou. "Changement climatique et agriculture en Afrique subsaharienne. Perception des agriculteurs et impact de l'association entre une céréale et une légumineuse sur les rendements des deux espèces et leur variabilité inter-annuelle sous climat actuel et futur. Cas du sorgho et du niébé dans l'environnement soudano-sahélien." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. https://theses.hal.science/tel-03847646.
Full textIn the Sudano-Sahelian zone of West Africa, agricultural productivity is strongly affected by climate variability and change. Agricultural production is dominated by rainfed cereal production such as maize, millet and sorghum for food consumption. Farmers have small and variable yields, leading to increasing uncertainty about their ability to produce more to feed a rapidly growing population. The aim of this thesis was to design more productive and stable cropping systems, adapted to climate change, by exploring the benefits of sorghum-cowpea intercropping, combined with contrasting choices of sorghum variety, mineral fertilisation and sowing date. The approach was based on a survey, field experimentation and simulation using a crop model, for a case study in central Mali in West Africa. The first step was to identify farmers' perceptions of climate change and the agricultural adaptation strategies they consider relevant to cope with climate variability and change. Secondly, the STICS crop model was calibrated on the basis of two years of experimentation (2017, 2018) of the sorghum-cowpea intercrop at the N'Tarla agronomic station. In this experimental set-up, two sorghum varieties (local and improved) with contrasting sensitivity to photoperiod were studied in sole crops and in intercropping with cowpea. Two sowing dates and two levels of mineral fertilisation were also studied. The relevance of the model to represent competition and complementarities between sorghum and cowpea fo water and nitrogen use was evaluated. Finally, the performance (average productivity and productivity stability of a range of technical options for integrated soil fertility management
Caminade, Cyril. "Rôle de l'océan et influence des émissions d'origine anthropique sur la variabilité climatique en Afrique." Toulouse 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU30239.
Full textNdiaye, Cassien Diabe. "Attribution et prévision des modulations de la mousson ouest-africaine à l’échelle de temps décennale." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS327.
Full textIn West Africa, rainfall during the summer period (July, August and September) has shown strong modulations on decadal time scales during the 20th century. In particular, there was a very wet period in the 1960s followed by a drought in the 1980s and a recovery of rainfall in the 2000s. These modulations have major regional socio-economic consequences. Considered as one of the most important signals of climate change in Africa, they have been the subject of numerous studies in order to understand their origin(s) and to anticipate future changes. These modulations have long been associated with the internal variability of the climate system and in particular with the role of the surface temperature of the Atlantic Ocean. However, recent studies show a significant contribution of external forcings, notably greenhouse gases and anthropogenic aerosols, in particular during the second half of the 20th century, either via Atlantic Ocean surface temperatures or via direct radiative forcing. In all cases, the link with ocean surface temperatures offers prospects for predicting these precipitation modulations. Decadal climate forecasts, i.e. with a 5-30 year time horizon, have been developed to exploit this source of predictability. They are potentially very important for economic and structural planning in West Africa. In this thesis, we propose to attribute, first, the decadal modulations of Sahel rainfall over the time period of 1901-2014. Secondly, we propose to evaluate the prediction of rainfall in West Africa on the decadal time scale over the period 1968-2012. All this study is carried out through the diagnosis of climate simulations carried out from models contributing to the phase 6 of the coupled models intercomparison project. Since coupled models commonly underestimate the maximum rainfall in the Sahel region during the summer period, we first proposed an adaptive rainfall domain for the Sahel. Our results from the first part of this thesis show that external forcings, in particular anthropogenic aerosols, contribute significantly to the timing of decadal modulations of Sahel rainfall. These aerosols indeed modulate the ocean surface temperature which is translated into precipitation modulations in the Sahel by the displacement of the intertropical convergence zone and the Saharan Heat Low. The second part of this thesis focuses on the predictability of precipitation on decadal time scales in West Africa and in particular in the Sahel. Our results show that rainfall is predictable in the Sahel in 5⁄8 of the models studied at lead times between 1 and 10 years. However, only 3 of these 5 models simulate a decadal signal combined with a realistic total variance (signal-to-noise ratio close to 1) at these lead times. The multi-model mean is generally more predictable than the majority of individual models. Initialization of climate variables improves Sahel rainfall prediction skills for the multi-model mean and 3⁄5 of the models showing predictability and forecast reliability for a single model. This relatively small impact corroborates the importance of external forcings inferred from the first part of this thesis. In conclusion, our results suggest that anthropogenic effects on climate become major factors in explaining decadal modulations of mean monsoon rainfall in the Sahel. In perspective, these modulations are associated, during the 20th century, with extreme rainfall events that have become frequent nowadays. It would be interesting to ask whether these extreme events are predictable in West Africa on decadal time scales
Malavelle, Florent. "Effets direct et semi-direct des aérosols en Afrique de l'ouest pendant la saison sèche." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00697346.
Full textBooks on the topic "Changements climatiques – Afrique occidentale"
Changements climatiques, dynamiques des milieux et crises de sociétés en Afrique de l'ouest: Bénin, Mali, Sénégal, Togo. Paris: L'Harmattan, 2012.
Find full textÉtude sur l'agriculture pluviale face aux changements climatiques en Afrique du Nord. FAO, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4060/cc0014fr.
Full textSultan, Benjamin, Richard Lalou, Mouftaou Amadou Sanni, Amadou Oumarou, and Mame Arame Soumaré, eds. Les sociétés rurales face aux changements climatiques et environnementaux en Afrique de l’Ouest. IRD Éditions, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/books.irdeditions.8914.
Full textBook chapters on the topic "Changements climatiques – Afrique occidentale"
Schwartz, Dominique, and Groupe Ecofit. "Changements climatiques holocènes en Afrique centrale." In Peuplements anciens et actuels des forêts tropicales, 157–68. IRD Éditions, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/books.irdeditions.1501.
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