Academic literature on the topic 'Changement de distribution des données'
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Journal articles on the topic "Changement de distribution des données"
Balagué, Christine, Marc Vanhuele, Laurence Daudigeos, and Xavier Drèze. "Mesure et analyse de la multi-fidélité aux magasins." Décisions Marketing N° 32, no. 4 (December 1, 2003): 71–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/dm.032.0071.
Full textHugonnet, Romain, Romain Millan, Jérémie Mouginot, Antoine Rabatel, and Étienne Berthier. "Un atlas mondial pour caractériser la réponse des glaciers au changement climatique." La Météorologie, no. 120 (2023): 037. http://dx.doi.org/10.37053/lameteorologie-2023-0015.
Full textBouhamidi, Lou. "Négociation et distribution des savoirs en audience pour l’asile." SHS Web of Conferences 146 (2022): 01001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202214601001.
Full textBlondeau, Hélene. "La trajectoire de l'emploi du futur chez une cohorte de Montréalais francophones entre 1971 et 1995." Revue de l'Université de Moncton 37, no. 2 (June 1, 2007): 73–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/015840ar.
Full textDionne, Georges, and Charles Vanasse. "Une évaluation empirique de la nouvelle tarification de l’assurance automobile (1992) au Québec." L’économétrie des transports et de l’assurance 73, no. 1-2-3 (February 9, 2009): 47–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/602222ar.
Full textPargman, Sheri. "On the Regularity of Hypercorrection in Phonological Change." Diachronica 15, no. 2 (January 1, 1998): 285–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.15.2.04par.
Full textChevalier, Gisèle. "Comment comme fonctionne d’une génération à l’autre*." Revue québécoise de linguistique 30, no. 2 (July 14, 2003): 13–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/000518ar.
Full textWoods, Robert, and Chris Galley. "Réflexions sur la distribution des décès au cours de la première année de vie." Population Vol. 53, no. 5 (May 1, 1998): 921–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/popu.p1998.53n5.0946.
Full textWood, Galley R. "On the Distribution of Deaths During the First Year of Life (Population, 5, 1998)." Population Vol. 54, HS1 (December 1, 1999): 35–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/popu.p1999.11n1.0059.
Full textGuy, Gregory R. "The Sociolinguistic Types of Language Change." Diachronica 7, no. 1 (January 1, 1990): 47–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.7.1.04guy.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Changement de distribution des données"
Jaffré, Mikaël. "Migration des oiseaux et changement climatique : analyse des données de migration active en France et en Europe." Thesis, Lille 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL10176.
Full textIn recent years, a number of studies have highlighted that the life cycle and behaviour of organisms are changing as a result of global warming. Birds appear to be suitable models to detect these changes because this taxonomic group is particularly well documented, with a large amount of biological datasets available over long periods. Among them, those collected at migration watchsites are particularly valuable to detect long term phenological changes and population trends of migratory birds, but these data have been poorly considered so far. In this thesis, an exhaustive inventory of monitoring watchsites in France is first performed; we then determined the minimum requirements to use such heterogeneous datasets in order to reliably estimate changes in bird phenology and population. We showed that short-distance migrants have lengthened their breeding area residence time and have shortened their migration distances. It suggests that these birds may become resident close to their breeding sites. In addition, we demonstrated that these changes in migratory behaviour do not always occur linearly or gradually, but often abruptly, suddenly, and in a synchronous way (e.g. circa 1995). Such changes are both the cause and the consequence of a dynamical reorganization of ecosystems identified through food webs, indicating a large-scale response of ecosystems to climate change
Bertelsmeier, Cleo. "Biologie des invasions de fourmis dans un contexte de changement climatique." Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA112358/document.
Full textClimate change and biological invasions are both among the greatest threats to biodiversity and their impacts might increase by the end of the century. Among invasive species, ants are a prominent group due to their negative impacts on native species, ecosystem processes, human and animal health, agro-ecosystems and the economy. The objective of this thesis was to forecast future ant invasions – especially in the light of on-going climate change, which is generally thought to favour invasive species by removing thermal barriers. I used three complementary approaches to study the potential of different ant species to invade in the future: species distribution modelling, behavioural experiments and the analysis of a database of ecological traits. I modelled suitable area for 15 of the worst invasive ant species, both currently and with predicted climate change, globally, regionally and within the world’s 34 biodiversity hotspots. Surprisingly, the potential distribution of only five species was predicted to increase (up to 35.8%) with climate change, with most declining by up to 63.3%. The ant invasion hotspots are predominantly in tropical and subtropical regions of South America, Africa, Asia and Oceanic islands, and particularly correspond with biodiversity hotspots. Contrary to general expectations, climate change and biological invasions will not systematically act synergistically for ants. In addition, I found that the impacts of climate change can change over time and even reverse the trend of the impact (i.e., an increase instead of a decrease or vice versa). However, ant invasions will likely remain as a major global problem, especially where invasion hotspots coincide with biodiversity hotspots. The species distribution models have identified large potentially overlapping distributions of several invasive ants. In the future, these species may arrive simultaneously in the same regions and compete with each other. In a series of experiments, I tested behavioural differences among 7 highly invasive ant species (Anoplolepis gracilipes, Paratrechina longicornis, Myrmica rubra, Linepithema humile, Lasius neglectus, Wasmannia auropunctata and Pheidole megacephala). I discovered two different behavioural strategies among invasive ants. Interactions at the colony level, exhibited more complex demographic processes and more variability. Further, I investigated resource competition and differences in resource exploitation. I found significant differences among species, with competitive abilities that were negatively correlated with behavioural dominance. This series of experiments suggests that the ‘mechanisms’ of invasiveness are more complex than previously thought and that different invasive ant species may use different behavioural strategies. Since there are more than 250 exotic species of ants, it would be interesting to identify potential future invaders. In order to identify traits associated with invasiveness in ants, I set up a database with 2193 ant species and 24 ecological characteristics. I performed a preliminary analysis of trait differences between native and invasive ants that shows clearly different clusters of invasive and native species, with exotic species in between. These results could be used as a basis to construct a predictive model of future ant invasions. The different methods used (models, experiments, database) are complementary in that they explore different aspects of the future ant invasions which are likely to be influenced by on-going climate change. The worst invaders of tomorrow may not be the same as today and similarly, areas most at risk are likely to change
Alglave, Baptiste. "Inférer la distribution spatio-temporelle des espèces d’intérêt halieutique et identifier leurs habitats essentiels : modéliser l’échantillonnage préférentiel et le changement de support pour intégrer des sources de données hétérogènes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022NSARH117.
Full textMapping fish distribution and identifying fish essential habitats grounds is key to ensure species renewal and manage the marine space. Information on the location of fish essential habitats and specifically of fish spawning grounds is still lacking for many harvested species.The reference data to map fish distribution and identify spawning grounds are scientific survey data. These data benefit from a standardized sampling protocol. However, due to their costs, they also generally suffer from a low sampling density in space and time. In particular, they generally occur once or twice a year and they may mismatch fish reproduction.Commercial declarations combined with Vessel Monitoring System data could prove highly valuable to complement the information brought by scientific survey data as fishermen landings provide information on the full year with a much denser sampling density. In this PhD, we developed an integrated statistical framework that allows to combine commercial and scientific data sources to infer fish distribution in space and time. Our approach accounts for fishermen targeting behavior towards areas of higher biomass (preferential sampling) and allows to infer fine scale species distribution based on spatially aggregated declarations data (change of support). We demonstrate the ability of the framework to produce monthly maps of fish distribution and to identify aggregation areas during reproduction season. We also outline the potential applications of the framework for Marine Spatial Planning and discuss several extensions that could be added to the actual model
Charru, Marie. "LA PRODUCTIVITÉ FORESTIÈRE DANS UN ENVIRONNEMENT CHANGEANT : CARACTÉRISATION MULTI-ÉCHELLE DE SES VARIATIONS RÉCENTES À PARTIR DES DONNÉES DE L’INVENTAIRE FORESTIER NATIONAL (IFN) ET INTERPRÉTATION ENVIRONNEMENTALE." Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AGPT0027/document.
Full textGrowth trends have been reported in many regions of Europe over the twentieth century. However, an integrated assessment of productivity changes, including focus on a wide geographical scale, analysis of spatial heterogeneity, and the inter-specific diversity of growth responses is still lacking. The aim of this Ph.D work was to assess recent changes in forest productivity on a national, regional and local scale in France, and to investigate their potential environmental causes, based on statistical modeling approaches of stand basal area increment (BAI), and environmental indicators. We used the French NFI data for 8 species of contrasted ecological niches and distributions (Fagus sylvatica, Quercus robur, Quercus petraea, Quercus pubescens, Picea abies, Abies alba, Pinus sylvestris and Pinus halepensis), taken in pure and even-aged stands. We identified the main factors influencing tree species productivity on a national scale, and produced productivity maps suggesting that species distribution ranges are not always limited by environmental conditions. Between 1980 and 2005, the productivity trends reported were positive, modal or non-significant for all species, except the two Mediterranean species for which productivity decreased, highlighting inter-specific differences in these changes. We observed strong variations of productivity changes, both in intensity and sign, on a regional and intra-regional scale. These results question the relevance of wide-scale average assessments and highlight their context-dependence. The role of recent climatic warming in featuring the BAI trends was highlighted. This work provides an enriched scale- and species-dependent assessment of tree species reaction to a changing environment. We emphasized the species- and context dependence of productivity changes, due to differences in species autecology and spatial variations in the limiting factors. Further focus on the effect of environmental factors and their complex interactions is needed for the prediction of species future productivity
Dadalto, Câmara Gomes Eduardo. "Improving artificial intelligence reliability through out-of-distribution and misclassification detection." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASG018.
Full textThis thesis explores the intersection of machine learning (ML) and safety, aiming to address challenges associated with the deployment of intelligent systems in real-world scenarios. Despite significant progress in ML, concerns related to privacy, fairness, and trustworthiness have emerged, prompting the need for enhancing the reliability of AI systems. The central focus of the thesis is to enable ML algorithms to detect deviations from normal behavior, thereby contributing to the overall safety of intelligent systems.The thesis begins by establishing the foundational concepts of out-of-distribution (OOD) detection and misclassification detection in Chapter 1, providing essential background literature and explaining key principles. The introduction emphasizes the importance of addressing issues related to unintended and harmful behavior in ML, particularly when AI systems produce unexpected outcomes due to various factors such as mismatches in data distributions.In Chapter 2, the thesis introduces a novel OOD detection method based on the Fisher-Rao geodesic distance between probability distributions. This approach unifies the formulation of detection scores for both network logits and feature spaces, contributing to improved robustness and reliability in identifying samples outside the training distribution.Chapter 3 presents an unsupervised OOD detection method that analyzes neural trajectories without requiring supervision or hyperparameter tuning. This method aims to identify atypical sample trajectories through various layers, enhancing the adaptability of ML models to diverse scenarios.Chapter 4 focuses on consolidating and enhancing OOD detection by combining multiple detectors effectively. It presents a universal method for ensembling existing detectors, transforming the problem into a multi-variate hypothesis test and leveraging meta-analysis tools. This approach improves data shift detection, making it a valuable tool for real-time model performance monitoring in dynamic and evolving environments.In Chapter 5, the thesis addresses misclassification detection and uncertainty estimation through a data-driven approach, introducing a practical closed-form solution. The method quantifies uncertainty relative to an observer, distinguishing between confident and uncertain predictions even in the face of challenging or unfamiliar data. This contributes to a more nuanced understanding of the model's confidence and helps flag predictions requiring human intervention.The thesis concludes by discussing future perspectives and directions for improving safety in ML and AI, emphasizing the ongoing evolution of AI systems towards greater transparency, robustness, and trustworthiness. The collective work presented in the thesis represents a significant step forward in advancing AI safety, contributing to the development of more reliable and trustworthy machine learning models that can operate effectively in diverse and dynamic real-world scenarios
Saby, Nicolas. "Distribution à l'échelle nationale des charactéristiques des sols et détection des changements. : Apport des bases de données géographiques, des techniques d’analyse spatiale et de la modélisation." Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NSARB026.
Full textThe aim of this work is to assess the potential of spatial databases to monitor soil quality at a national level. Data were collected in the framework of French National Programmes. To adress this issue we show that the spatio-temporal statistical analyses must be adapted to the sampling design and to the nature of the information studied. Among the set of the possible soil variables, this work focused on some of those having a high environmental impact : the organic carbon content and the content of same trace elements. Our results show the possiblity to map soil properties at national scale, to reveal strong spatial structures and, to attribute them to different natural and artifcial processes. Large temporal trends could also be detected and explained. I discuss the limitation of the present designs and of the statistical analyses we conducted and i propose further research developpements for monitoring of soil quality
Girardeau-Montaut, Daniel. "Détection de changement sur des données géométriques tridimensionnelles." Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2006. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001745.
Full textGoyette, Nil. "Banque de données et banc d'essai en détection de changement." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6584.
Full textFonlupt, Cyrille. "Distribution dynamique de données sur machine SIMD." Lille 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LIL10155.
Full textBen, Salem Mélika. "Changement structurel et croissance : essai d'économétrie comparative sur données françaises et américaines." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010078.
Full textThis dissertation analyses the empirical implications of growth models, a la Solow-Swan (1956) and Romer (1986,1990). According to the nature of the shocks affecting the economy and the nature of growth (exogenous or endogenous), the macroeconomic variables are characterized by particular statistical properties of persistence, that may originate from a common source. These statistical properties are tested in the framework of new time series methods, in order to reveal the propagation mechanisms of growth from data. Thus the stability of trend component in output, capital and hours worked, as well as the constancy of connections between production and its usual inputs, is studied in french and american data, with annual observations during the period 1870-1994, and at a quarterly rate with postwar observations
Books on the topic "Changement de distribution des données"
Danièle, Paquette-Desjardins, and Paquette-Desjardins formation-conseil, eds. Analyse et interprétation des données, planification des interventions: Reconnaître la problématique et planifier le changement. Montréal: Chenelière/McGraw-Hill, 2003.
Find full textGérardin, V. Une classification climatique du Québec à partir de modèles de distribution spatiale de données climatiques mensuelles: Vers une definition des bioclimats du Quebec. [Québec]: Direction du patrimoine ecologique et du developpement durable, Ministere de l'Environnement, 2001.
Find full textParfett, Nicola. Using a geographical information system for the input and analysis of historical western spruce budworm in British Columbia. Victoria: Canadian Forest Service, 1994.
Find full textoffice, United Nations statistical, ed. National accounts statistics: Compendium of income distribution statistics. New York: United Nations, 1985.
Find full textQuébec (Province). Ministère des finances. La distribution de produits financiers aux particuliers: Relever résolument le défi du changement : rapport quinquennal sur la mise en oeuvre de la Loi sur les intermédiaires de marché. Québec: Gouvernement du Québec, Ministère des finances, 1996.
Find full textOntario. Esquisse de cours 12e année: Mathématiques de la gestion des données mdm4u cours préuniversitaire. Vanier, Ont: CFORP, 2002.
Find full textOrganisation for Economic Co-operation and Development., ed. Greenhouse gas emissions: The energy dimension. Paris, France: OECD, 1991.
Find full textNumériques: Essai. Paris: B. Grasset, 2014.
Find full textKey indicators of the labour market. Geneva: ILO, 2009.
Find full textKey indicators of the labour market: Country profiles. Geneva: International Labour Office, 1999.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Changement de distribution des données"
Few, Roger, Daniel McAvoy, Marcela Tarazona, and Vivien Margaret Walden. "Partie 2: Outils et méthodes de collecte des données." In Contribution au changement, 21–64. Rugby, Warwickshire, United Kingdom: Practical Action Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9781780448336.002.
Full textCONRADSEN, Knut, Henning SKRIVER, Morton J. CANTY, and Allan A. NIELSEN. "Détection de séries de changements dans des séries d’images SAR polarimétriques." In Détection de changements et analyse des séries temporelles d’images 1, 41–81. ISTE Group, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51926/iste.9056.ch2.
Full text"Un changement s’impose en éducation." In Données d'observation et gestion de l'apprentissage, 5–28. Presses de l'Université du Québec, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1rr6d95.8.
Full textGILLET-CHAULET, Fabien. "Assimilation de données en glaciologie." In Inversion et assimilation de données de télédétection, 169–200. ISTE Group, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.51926/iste.9142.ch5.
Full textDIELE-VIEGAS, Luisa Maria. "Biogéographie et changement climatique." In La biogéographie, 327–44. ISTE Group, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51926/iste.9060.ch12.
Full textDE BOISSIEU, Aurélie. "Le concepteur et le basculement informationnel." In Les instruments de la conception architecturale, 223–54. ISTE Group, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.51926/iste.9105.ch5.
Full textFALSAFI, Babak. "Architecture de serveur pour un centre de données post-Moore." In Systèmes multiprocesseurs sur puce 2, 159–72. ISTE Group, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.51926/iste.9022.ch6.
Full textBRÜCKERHOFF-PLÜCKELMANN, Frank, Johannes FELDMANN, and Wolfram PERNICE. "Les puces photoniques." In Au-delà du CMOS, 395–422. ISTE Group, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.51926/iste.9127.ch9.
Full textMONNET, Anne-Christine, Thomas HAEVERMANS, Anne-Sophie ARCHAMBEAU, Philippe GRANDCOLAS, and Roseli PELLENS. "Utilisation des grands jeux de données naturalistes pour répondre aux enjeux scientifiques et sociétaux actuels." In Les collections naturalistes dans la science du XXIe siècle, 289–310. ISTE Group, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51926/iste.9049.ch18.
Full textGRAMOND, Delphine. "Les impacts du changement climatique sur la distribution des biomes." In Les impacts spatiaux du changement climatique, 271–92. ISTE Group, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51926/iste.9009.ch13.
Full textReports on the topic "Changement de distribution des données"
Rousseau, Henri-Paul. Gutenberg, L’université et le défi numérique. CIRANO, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54932/wodt6646.
Full textTea, Céline. REX et données subjectives: quel système d'information pour la gestion des risques? Fondation pour une culture de sécurité industrielle, April 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.57071/170rex.
Full textBernard, Sophie, Florence Lapointe, and Julien Martin. Où vont nos déchets plastiques ? CIRANO, June 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54932/hodk3449.
Full textDrouin, Olivier, Claude Montmarquette, Alexandre Prud'homme, Pierre Fontaine, Yann Arnaud, and Roxane Borgès Da Silva. Retour des enfants à l'école : intentions des parents d'enfants asthmatiques en contexte de pandémie (COVID-19). CIRANO, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54932/nmaf4163.
Full textDubé, Jean, François Des Rosiers, and Nicolas Devaux. Les propriétaires de maisons ont-ils raison de craindre l’arrivée de logements sociaux dans leur quartier ? CIRANO, March 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54932/ghjx9103.
Full textDrouin, Olivier, Claude Montmarquette, Alexandre Prud'homme, Pierre Fontaine, Yann Arnaud, and Roxane Borgès Da Silva. Retour des enfants à l’école : intentions des parents d’enfants de Laval en contexte de pandémie (COVID-19). CIRANO, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54932/lewn7553.
Full textGruson-Daniel, Célya, and Maya Anderson-González. Étude exploratoire sur la « recherche sur la recherche » : acteurs et approches. Ministère de l'enseignement supérieur et de la recherche, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52949/24.
Full textDolby, G. Palynological analysis of Carboniferous outcrop and corehole samples from the 1993–1995 Magdalen Basin NATMAP Project, with updated data files, locality data, and lists of taxa identified, Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and Quebec. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/pcqvf1214e.
Full textLatané, Annah, Jean-Michel Voisard, and Alice Olive Brower. Les réseaux de producteurs du Sénégal font face à la COVID-19. RTI Press, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2021.rr.0045.2106.fr.
Full textComment mesurer l’impact du changement de comportement des prestataires. Population Council, January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/sbsr2023.1027.
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