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1
Lickley, Megan Jeramaz. "Quantifying uncertainties and trends in the climate change trajectory." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/127143.
Abstract:
Thesis: Ph. D. in Climate Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, May, 2020Cataloged from the official PDF of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 159-172).
The characterization of climate change depends on the location and rate of change while its impacts on nature and society also depend on vulnerabilities. This thesis contributes to the quantification of uncertainties, drivers, the spatial variability, and impacts of the climate change trajectory. Results of this work have evolved using a range of data science techniques that combine observations and Earth models aimed at informing adaptation and mitigation policies. In the first chapter, the drivers, timing, and impacts of aridity change over the 21st century are assessed using an ensemble of general circulation models (GCMs) together with population statistics. Results indicate that drier regions are projected to dry earlier, more severely and to a greater extent than humid regions, a result driven by differential changes in precipitation across aridity zones.
Impacts are exacerbated as arid regions (such as the Mediterranean etc.) are more populated and experiencing much higher population growth than humid regions (which includes the Arctic). Under an unconstrained emissions scenario, GCMs project that most of humanity will live in a more arid climate by the end of the 21st century. For the second chapter, the southern African rainfall (SAR) response to sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the Indian Ocean, Atlantic Ocean and Niño 3.4 region is examined. This is done using observations and three large ensembles of GCMs run over the 20th and 21st century. Some previous studies suggested that the Indian Ocean dominated changes in SAR. In this chapter, Niño 3.4 SSTs are found to be most strongly correlated with SAR, while correlations between SAR and the Indian Ocean are dominated by their respective responses to Niño 3.4. GCMs project that this relationship persists under a warming background state.
In the third chapter, the end of rapid warming is examined by considering emissions trajectories where atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations ([GHG]) are stabilized. Under such scenarios, the rate of global temperature increases eventually steady at a rate significantly lower than those of the 21st century. I present a framework for defining the beginning of this 'Time of Steady Change' (TSC) and, with the use of GCM ensembles, evaluate the spatial variability of TSC. Results indicate that TSC occurs latest in low latitudes and in the Arctic, despite these areas steadying at very different absolute warming rates. These broad patterns are robust across multiple GCM ensembles and alternative definitions of TSC. The fourth chapter contributes to the measurement and analysis of sea level change. As an ice sheet rapidly melts, it produces a unique geometry of sea level change driven by perturbations in the height of the sea and crustal surfaces.
While satellite altimeters only measure changes in the sea surface height (SSH), local impacts from changes in sea level depend on both changes in SSH and changes in the solid surface. The literature commonly conflates the two estimates by directly comparing them. Here I quantify the error incurred by conflating changes in SSH with changes in sea level for various ice mass flux scenarios. Results indicate that using satellite altimetry records to estimate global ocean volume changes can lead to biases that can exceed 15% and that the level of bias will depend on the relative contributions to sea level changes from the Antarctic and Greenland Ice Sheets. The final chapter of this thesis provides a probabilistic quantification of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) that were banked in old equipment and continue to be released, contributing to global CFC emissions.
A Bayesian probabilistic model is developed to quantify banks and emissions of CFC-11, 12, and 113, incorporating the broadest range of constraints to date. Implied bank sizes of CFC-11 and CFC-12 are larger than recent international scientific assessments suggest, and can account for much of current estimated CFC-11 and 12 emissions (with the exception of increased CFC-11 emissions after 2012). If current banks are left unrecovered, their future emissions could delay polar ozone hole recovery by about six years and contribute 9 billion metric tonnes of equivalent CO₂ emission. While observationally-derived CFC-113 emissions are subject to uncertainty, they are too large to explain from banks, raising questions about sources of this gas as well.
by Megan Jeramaz Lickley.
Ph. D. in Climate Science
Ph.D.inClimateScience Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences
2
Shui, Yuhao. "Strategic Trajectory Planning of Highway Lane Change Maneuver with Longitudinal Speed Control." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1431093441.
3
Deng, Weiping. "A Study on Lane-Change Recognition Using Support Vector Machine." Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4467.
Abstract:
This research focuses primary on recognition of lane-change behaviors using support vector machines (SVMs). Previous research and statistical results show that the vast majority of motor vehicle accidents are caused by driver behavior and errors. Therefore, the interpretation and evaluation of driver behavior is important for road safety analysis and improvement. The main limit to understanding driver behavior is the data availability. In particular, a full-scale lane-change data set is difficult to collect in a real traffic environment because of the safety and cost issues. Considering the data demands of the recognition model development and the obstacles of field data collection, data were collected from two aspects: simulation data and the field data. To obtain field data, an in-vehicle data recorder (IVDR) that integrates a Global Positioning System (GPS) and Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) are developed to collect data on speed, position, attitude, acceleration, etc. To obtain simulation data, a lane-change simulation with a speed controller and a trajectory tracking controller with preview ability were developed, and sufficient lane-change data were generated. Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) control is applied to the speed controller and trajectory tracking controller.
Simulation data were divided into two classes: dual lane-change data and single lane-change data; field data were further divided as single lane-change and non-lane-change data. Two-class and three-class classification SVM model are trained by simulation data and field data, and the model parameters were optimized by Genetic Algorithm (GA). A radial basis function and polynomial kernel functions were found that suitable for this recognition task. The recognition results indicate that, the SVM model trained by simulation data and non-lane-change data can correctly classify up to 85 percent of single lane-change field data.
4
Ding, Xiuhua. "MODELING DEMENTIA RISK, COGNITIVE CHANGE, PREDICTIVE RULES IN LONGITUDINAL STUDIES." UKnowledge, 2016. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/epb_etds/9.
Abstract:
Dementia is increasing recognized as a major problem to public health worldwide. Prevention and treatment strategies are in critical need. Nowadays, research for dementia usually featured as complex longitudinal studies, which provide extensive information and also propose challenge to statistical methodology. The purpose of this dissertation research was to apply statistical methodology in the field of dementia to strengthen the understanding of dementia from three perspectives: 1) Application of statistical methodology to investigate the association between potential risk factors and incident dementia. 2) Application of statistical methodology to analyze changes over time, or trajectory, in cognitive tests and symptoms. 3) Application of statistical learning methods to predict development of dementia in the future.
Prevention of Alzheimer’s disease with Vitamin E and Selenium (PREADViSE) (7547 subjects included) and Alzheimer’s disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) (591 participants included) were used in this dissertation. The first study, “Self-reported sleep apnea and dementia risk: Findings from the PREADViSE Alzheimer’s disease prevention trial ”, shows that self-reported baseline history of sleep apnea was borderline significantly associated with risk of dementia after adjustment for confounding. Stratified analysis by APOE ε4 carrier status showed that baseline history of sleep apnea was associated with significantly increased risk of dementia in APOE ε4 non-carriers. The second study, “comparison of trajectories of episodic memory for over 10 years between baseline normal and MCI ADNI subjects,” shows that estimated 30% normal subjects at baseline assigned to group 3 and 6 stay stable for over 9 years, and normal subjects at baseline assigned to Group 1 (18.18%) and Group 5 (16.67%) were more likely to develop into dementia. In contrast to groups identified for normal subjects, all trajectory groups for MCI subjects at baseline showed the tendency to decline. The third study, “comparison between neural network and logistic regression in PREADViSE trial,” demonstrates that neural network has slightly better predictive performance than logistic regression, and also it can reveal complex relationships among covariates. In third study, the effect of years of education on response variable depends on years of age, status of APOE ɛ4 allele and memory change.
5
Chow, Louis K. "Examining the Trajectory of Change in Sex Communications between African American Female Parents and their Children." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2009. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/psych_theses/59.
Abstract:
Parent child communications about sex play an important role in influencing adolescent’s sexual behaviors and attitudes. The present study was conducted to examine how sexual communications between African American mothers and their children change over a period of three years in the areas of sex education, communication about risk reduction, and child and parent report of responsiveness. Hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) analyses found significant linear or curvilinear trajectory in communication with sons and daughters in all areas. Gender differences were found such that daughters received more communication than sons. Furthermore, daugthers’ sexual maturation was found to be associated with a decrease in the rate of decline of communication about general sex information. For sons, mothers decreased in rates of responsiveness as sons got older; however, as sons’ sexual maturation increased, rates of declining responsiveness slowed down.
6
Liu, Melisande F. [Verfasser]. "Solar Energy Policies in China: Trajectory, Change and Drivers of China's Energy Transition / Melisande F. Liu." Düren : Shaker, 2019. http://d-nb.info/119052550X/34.
7
Vidler, Hailey, Tobias Wilbrink, Filippis Caroline de, and Ilja Maiber. "Taking Care to Change Trajectory: Exploring an integrated process of Collective Narrative Practices and Strategic Sustainable Development." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för strategisk hållbar utveckling, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-18412.
Abstract:
Our research paper looks at the sustainability challenge as an example of complexity in interrelated nested systems (or meta-problem) and we further explore the consequences of disruptive events induced by climate change (ie. Extreme Climate Events). Due to their potential effects on adaptive capacities of systems at all levels (macro, meso and micro) and the need for Strategic Sustainable Development (SSD) to develop meta-solutions (non-isolated, non-reinforcing) we focus on community-based interventions and participatory facilitation processes. Therefore, we enquire what might a process look like that supports a community’s psychological resilience and strategic sustainable development following a disruptive event. A way to reinforce a community’s adaptive capacities is through making meaning collaboratively and such a process can be supported by the use of stories and narrative. To this intent, we focus on the use of Collective Narrative Practices (CNP) within the implementation process (ABCD process) of the Framework for Strategic Sustainable Development (FSSD). CNP promote desired narratives and strengthen communities’ psychological resilience while the FSSD ensures the development of meta-solutions and their practical application (through the ABCD). Throughout a five-step exploration, we test their theoretical compatibility, interview FSSD and CNP practitioners, design an initial Process Prototype, test its validity by interviewing practitioners with expertise in both fields, and develop a final Process Prototype which embeds recommendations, guidelines and tools. Finally, our paper initiates the academic study of the linkage between FSSD and CNP and is aimed to guide practitioners of both fields to discern an effective way to facilitate the emergence of appropriate responses in a community, while maintaining or rebuilding its resilience and complying with SSD core principles.
8
AMRIK, SINGH PHUMAN SINGH. "Autonomous Collision Avoidance by Lane Change Maneuvers using Integrated Chassis Control for Road Vehicles." Kyoto University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/242443.
9
Foster, Sarah Quinn. "Denitrification and nutrient cycling dynamics over a trajectory of increasing eutrophication: evidence of change in a shallow coastal ecosystem." Thesis, Boston University, 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/12387.
Abstract:
Thesis (M.A.)--Boston University
PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.The natural gradient of eutrophic conditions that exists in Waquoit Bay, (Cape Cod, Massachusetts) allowed us to examine how key biogeochemical processes respond to eutrophication over time. Using a space-for-time substitution we measured oxygen (O2), nutrient, and di-nitrogen (N2) gas fluxes from sediments collected at four stations. The objective of this study was to assess how sediment metabolism, nutrient cycling, denitrification and the balance between N and P limitation may change over a trajectory of increasing eutrophication. In addition, for two sites we compared our more recent measurements to those made in the bay nearly 20 years ago (1992-1994). While we did not find a spatial pattern that was linearly linked to nitrogen (N) loading, our results show characteristics of a system in change. Sediment oxygen consumption was measured at 45% of its historic rate and ammonium flux at only 30%. The difference in net denitrification rate was particularly large, as our mean rate (29.9 µmol N2-N m-2 h-1) was considerably lower than the mean historic value (172 µmol N2-N m-2 h-1). This 83% reduction represents the substantial dampening of a key microbial process for the removal of reactive nitrogen from the ecosystem. Additionally, at our most impacted site, North Basin, we measured significant rates of net N fixation, indicating that the sediments are becoming a net source of reactive N. In another important example of change, we observed an anomalous efflux of phosphate (PO4 3-) from the sediments during the summer and high ratios of both oxygen uptake to phosphate release (O2:PO4 3-) and ammonium to phosphate release (NH4+:PO4 3-). This unexpected result suggests that, at least in some times of year, Waquoit Bay may be co-limited by both nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). If these observations of N and P co-limitation hold into the future, it will have important consequences for the ecology and management of this coastal system.
10
Jennings, Karen Marlene. "Patterns of Change in Body Weight Among Individuals During Inpatient Treatment for Anorexia Nervosa." Thesis, Boston College, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:105067.
Abstract:
Thesis advisor: Barbara E. WolfeDespite the chronicity and less than optimal outcomes of inpatient treatment (IPT) for anorexia nervosa (AN), treatment guidelines continue to reflect the common notion of one-size-fits-all and the process of weight restoration continues to be poorly understood. Weight restoration, a primary goal of IPT for AN, does not occur in isolation but rather reflects an adaptation process within internal and external environments. It is unknown whether or not there are unique patterns of change in body weight that are associated with factors identified in the existing literature as being predictors of weight gain. The purpose of this study was to explore the extent to which patterns of change in body weight existed among individuals during IPT for AN, and the relationship with factors identified in the existing literature as being predictors of weight gain (i.e., age at time of admission, admission caloric intake, percent of ideal body weight [IBW] at time of admission, body weight at time of discharge, body mass index [BMI] at time of discharge). Individuals who were diagnosed with AN and admitted to the inpatient unit of an eating disorder treatment facility in the Northeast between January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2015 were included in this retrospective, exploratory study (N = 500). Group-based trajectory modeling (GBTM) was used to identify distinct trajectories of change in body weight, and to determine the risk of being in a particular trajectory. Four distinct trajectories were identified: weight gain (n = 197), weight loss (n = 177), weight plateau (n = 82), and weight fluctuate (n = 44) groups. Significant predictors of trajectories were age, history of prior IPT for AN, admission caloric intake, body weight at time of admission and discharge, and length of stay. Results from this study suggest that a further understanding of patterns of change in body weight among individuals with AN, will help guide assessment and treatment interventions and consequently influence outcomes. Additionally, there is an opportunity to update treatment guidelines and recommendations for AN
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2016
Submitted to: Boston College. Connell School of Nursing
Discipline: Nursing
11
Kjellsson, Joakim. "Atmospheric & Oceanic Applications of Eulerian and Lagrangian Transport Modelling." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Meteorologiska institutionen (MISU), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-97348.
Abstract:
This thesis presents several ways to understand transports of air and water masses in the atmosphere and ocean, and the transports of energy that they imply. It presents work using various kinds of observations as well as computer simulations of the atmosphere and oceans. One of the main focuses is to identify similarities and differences between models and observations, as well as between different models. The first half of the thesis applies Lagrangian methods to study flows in the atmosphere and oceans. Part of the work focuses on understanding how particles follow the currents in the Baltic Sea and how they disperse. It is suggested that the commonly used regional ocean model for the Baltic Sea, RCO, underestimates the transport and the dispersion of the particles, which can have consequences for studies of e.g. biogeochemistry as well as for operational use. A similar methodology is used to study how particles are transported between the tropics and mid-latitudes by the large-scale atmospheric circulation. It is found that the mass transport associated with northbound and southbound particles can cancel in the zonally averaged circulation, and we propose that the degree of cancellation depends on the method of averaging. The latter half of the thesis focuses on Eulerian stream functions and specifically a thermodynamic stream function that combines the zonal and meridional circulations of the atmosphere into a single circulation. The results are used to study the inter-annual variability of the intensity and thermodynamic properties of the global atmospheric circulation. A significant correlation to ENSO variability is found both in reanalysis and the EC-Earth coupled climate model. It is also shown that a set of models from the CMIP5 project show a slowdown of the atmospheric circulation as a result of global warming and associated changes in near-surface moisture content and upper-level radiative cooling.Denna avhandling presenterar olika metoder för att studera datormodeller av atmosfä- ren, haven, och klimatsystemet. Metoderna använder såväl Lagrangeska synsätt dvs att betrakta atmosfären eller haven som individuella partiklar i rörelse, som Eulerska synsätt där atmosfären och haven ses som gas eller vätska i rörelse. I artikel 1 sjö- sätts ett antal “surface drifters” i Östersjön som driver fritt med havsströmmarna och vars hastighet mäts av satelliter. Genom att modellera Lagrangeska partiklars rörelser i Östersjön och jämföra med dessa “surface drifters” kan det visas att datormodeller kan underskatta både medelhastigheten av partiklarna samt deras utbredning. I ar- tikel 2 simuleras luftmassornas rörelser mellan tropikerna och mellanbreddgraderna (∼ 45◦N/S). Ett medelvärde över all longituder tenderar att ignorera betydande mass- och energitransporter mellan tropikerna och mellanbredderna, och dessa kvantifieras i detalj i artikel 2. Artiklarna 3 och 4 presenterar en metod för att studera atmosfärens storskaliga rörelser utifrån ett termodynamiskt perspektiv där luftmassornas värme och fukt studeras. Det visas att variationer ytvattentemperatur vid ekvatorn i Stilla havet kan få atmosfären att, i ett globalt medelvärde, bli fuktigare och varmare samtidigt som masstransporter- na saktar ner. På samma sätt visas att en global uppvärmning till följd av ökade utsläpp av växthusgaser kan få atmosfären att bli varmare, fuktigare och att masstransporterna kan sakta ner.
At the time of the doctoral defence the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 3: In press; Paper 4: Manuscript.
BalticWay
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House, Matthew Neal. "Identifying Forest Conversion Hotspots in the Commonwealth of Virginia using Multitemporal Landsat Data and Known Change Indicators." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/86139.
Abstract:
This study examines the effectiveness of using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) derived from 1326 different Landsat Thematic Mapper and Enhanced Thematic Mapper images in finding isolated housing starts within the Commonwealth of Virginia's forests. Individual NDVI images were stacked by year for the years 1995-2011 and the yearly maximum for each pixel was extracted, resulting in a 17-year image stack of all yearly maxima (a 98.7% data reduction). Using location data from housing starts and well permits, known previously forested housing starts were isolated from all other forest disturbance types. Samples from housing starts and other forest disturbances, as well as from undisturbed forest, were used to derive vegetation index thresholds enabling separation of disturbed from undisturbed forest. Disturbances, once identified, were separated accurately (overall accuracy = 85.4 percent, F-statistic = 0.86) into housing starts and other forest disturbances using a classification tree and only two variables from the Disturbance Detection and Diagnostics (D3) algorithm: the maximum NDVI in the available recovery period and the slope between the NDVI value at the time of the disturbance and the maximum NDVI in the available recovery period. Landsat time series stacks thus show promise for identifying even the small changes associated with exurban development.Master of Science
13
Billings, Giovanni, and Michelle Moser. "Collaboration to Change the Trajectory for Child Welfare Involved Infants, Young Children, and Their Families: Implementation of Research Informed Infant Courts." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7689.
Abstract:
USA Infant Court is a multisystem, trauma-focused approach designed to address the complex needs of infants, toddlers, and their parents involved in the child welfare system and to improve outcomes. Infant mental health values and principles as well as knowledge areas such as the impact of trauma on early brain development, attachment theory, and trauma -informed care are integrated into the practice of infant courts. The core components of evidenced informed infant and early childhood courts will be reviewed. Presenters will describe two pilot infant court projects and the expansion of infant courts statewide through legislation.
14
Pardos, I. Aybar Daniel. "The influence of COVID-19 on the trajectory of tourism businesses with respect to climate change mitigation : Case study: Northern Dalarna region, Sweden." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Institutionen för kultur och samhälle, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-37711.
Abstract:
This research study is based on the way COVID-19 has affected the tourism businessesof the northern Dalarna region, Sweden. Moreover, how they responded to the crisis andif this response involved reconsidering their way of selling their touristic products. WithCOVID-19 effectively suspending the operations of the tourism sector such as air travel,the positive implications for climate change mitigation have been noted. This led toseveral speculations by researchers about the tourism industry taking this moment toreconsider their way of operating. However, these speculated decisions the tourismindustry will take amidst COVID-19 remain unproven. Therefore, this study aims todetermine how COVID-19 has affected the tourism companies of Northern Dalarna.Moreover, how these effects relate to conscious responses regarding climate changemitigation. Ultimately, this study intends to identify the relationship between the impactsof the present crisis COVID-19 and the future crisis that is climate change through thelens of the interviewed businesses in Northern Dalarna that effectively represent thetourism industry.Semi-structured interviews were employed as the main method for data collection. Seveninterviews of a diverse range of tourism businesses were conducted. The findingsacquired from the interviews show how these businesses have successfully overcome theeffects of COVID-19 while remaining open. The study concludes with very diverseperceptions of climate change from the companies. Moreover, how these perceptionshave evolved since the onset of COVID-19. Nevertheless, these companies had acommon point where independently of their opinion about climate change, all of themtook some actions to mitigate it. It was found that, for the case of Dalarna, Sweden,COVID-19 did not result in a moment for tourism companies to transform theirbusinesses to focus more on climate change mitigation. Business proceeded as usual interms of climate change mitigation and in the presence of COVID-19.There are several hypothetical studies on this topic, however, very few empirical studieswere found. This research contributes by showing how COVID-19 was not a time toconsider climate change mitigation according to the interviewed companies of NorthernDalarna, Sweden but merely a moment for minor adaptions.
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Dupre, Marie. "La transition agroécologique à l'épreuve des acteurs : de l'analyse des pratiques des agriculteurs à l'aide à la réflexion pour les décideurs politiques. Cas de la production fruitière à La Réunion." Thesis, Montpellier, SupAgro, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NSAM0033.
Abstract:
Les consommateurs demandent aux producteurs de fruits, via leurs achats ou leurs représentants politiques, de réduire les impacts négatifs des pratiques agricoles sur l’environnement et la santé. Les pratiques agroécologiques, mobilisant des processus ou produits naturels, permettent de réduire l’utilisation problématique des produits de synthèse. Mais les agriculteurs font face à des décisions complexes pour organiser la transition agroécologique dans leurs exploitations, souvent diversifiées, et l’accompagnement politique de ces transitions est encore hésitant. Face à ces défis, notre étude s’est intéressée aux processus de transition agroécologique dans les exploitations agrumicoles de La Réunion pour comprendre la diversité de leurs dynamiques et mieux les accompagner via des politiques d’aides. La diversité des transitions agroécologiques au sein de 31 exploitations diversifiées a été analysée dans une première étape. Une typologie d’exploitations a été formalisée, sur laquelle s’est appuyée la deuxième phase de la démarche basée sur la conception d’un outil opérationnel d’évaluation ex-ante des politiques publiques. L’outil ENTICIP (EvaluatioN Territoriale des Interactions entre Consommation, Interventions publiques et Production agricole) est un modèle bioéconomique d’optimisation couplant les échelles exploitation et bassin de production. ENTICIP permet de simuler les choix des agriculteurs et leurs conséquences économiques, environnementales et sociales pour des scénarios exploratoires de politiques d’aides sous divers contextes de marché.De nombreux facteurs internes et externes à l’exploitation interviennent dans l’adoption de pratiques agroécologiques, les principaux étant le circuit de vente, la sensibilité environnementale de l’agriculteur et le rôle économique de la production dans l’exploitation. Au sein des exploitations diversifiées, des interactions entre productions favorisant les pratiques agroécologiques apparaissent : échanges de biomasse et de connaissances, ou mutualisations d’intrants alternatifs. L’étude a mis en évidence quelques trajectoires « en rupture » conduisant rapidement à une forte écologisation, mais la majorité des trajectoires est beaucoup plus progressive, avec parfois des retours en arrière. Les vitesses d’écologisation des productions peuvent être hétérogènes au sein de l’exploitation, permettant notamment de minimiser les risques liés à l’adoption de pratiques agroécologiques. ENTICIP a été appliqué au cas de l’ananas et du tangor à La Réunion (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr. et Citrus reticulata Blanco x Citrus sinensis (L.) Osb.). Des scénarios d’augmentation des aides pour l’Agriculture Biologique (AB) dans un contexte de marché favorable ont permis d’identifier les conditions d’un développement massif de l’AB. Les montants d’aides déclenchant la conversion à l’AB sont variables selon la production et le type d’exploitation, en fonction de leurs conditions bioclimatiques et de leurs circuits de vente. Plus les produits conventionnels sont bien valorisés, comme sur le marché export, plus le montant d’aides nécessaire pour passer à l’AB est élevé. Ces scénarios ont été présentés à des décideurs politiques réunionnais, avec qui le modèle a été utilisé de manière participative. La démarche permet de rassembler des connaissances sur le fonctionnement des systèmes productifs et de proposer des pistes d’améliorations pour les politiques agricoles à visée environnementale. Ce travail devrait contribuer à renforcer le partenariat chercheurs-décideur politiques initié à La Réunion, afin de doter les acteurs locaux d’outils pour d’organiser la transition agroécologique de leur territoire. Dans cette perspective, les efforts de recherche pourraient s’orienter vers le développement d’un dispositif multi-échelles et interdisciplinaire autour de l’analyse et de l’accompagnement des changements des agriculteursThrough their purchase choices and political representatives, consumers are putting an increasing pressure on fruit growers to reduce the negative environmental and sanitary impacts of their agricultural practices. Agroecological practices enhancing natural processes can help reducing synthetic inputs use. However, proceeding to an agroecological transition is a complex management challenge for farmers who often combine diverse activities. Moreover, policy support for agroecological transitions remains to be improved. In this context, our study focused on agroecological transition processes in diversified citrus farms in La Réunion Island in order to understand the diversity of their dynamics and improve their support through public incentives.The first step of the study aimed at describing and explaining the diversity of agroecological transitions on 31 diversified farms. A farm typology sorting this diversity was built in order to be communicated to policy makers. The second step used this diagnosis to design an ex-ante evaluation tool of public policies linked to fluctuating market at the productive system scale. The tool, named ENTICIP (Territorial Evaluation of Interactions between Consumption, Public grants and agricultural Production), is a bioeconomic optimization model combining farm and productive system scales. ENTICIP can run exploratory scenarios of policies supporting agroecological transition under various market conditions. It estimates farmers’ choices and economic, environmental and social consequences at the productive system scale. Agroecological practices adoption depended on numerous internal and external factors at farm scale, the most significant being the marketing channel, the farmer eco-friendliness and the economic role of the production for the farm. Beneficial interactions for agroecology occurred within diversified farms, such as synergetic exchanges of biomass and knowledge, or alternative input and equipment sharing. Some cases of radical trajectories leading rapidly to a strong ecologization level were identified, but most of the trajectories were really progressive, eventually with back steps. The ecologization speeds differed depending on productions in diversified farms. This process helped minimizing risks induced while adopting agroecological practices.Based on this knowledge ENTICIP was used on the cases of pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr) and tangor (Citrus reticulata Blanco x Citrus sinensis (L.) Osb.) productive systems in La Réunion. Conditions for a massive development of organic farming were explored in scenarios with increased organic farming subsidies and favorable organic market context. Subsidies rates to trigger organic conversion are variable regarding the kind of production and the farm type, according to their bioclimatic conditions and their marketing channels. Moving to organic production required the highest amounts of subsidies when high prices for conventional products were available, such as in export markets. Local policy makers were presented these scenarios and involved in a participatory process to use the model and evaluate the results of scenarios.The research process enabled to gather knowledge on productive systems functioning, and to suggest orientations to improve agricultural policies with an environmental perspective. Prospects could be to strengthen the partnership between policy makers and scientists in La Réunion, to provide local stakeholders with tools to manage the agroecological transition in their territory. Research efforts could target the development of a multi-scale and interdisciplinary program on the issue of farmers’ changes
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Kristjónsdóttir, Marta Karen. "Shaping the Climate Action trajectory within the Fashion Industry : a case study of a Small Medium Sized Enterprise." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Naturresurser och hållbar utveckling, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-388637.
Abstract:
The apparel and footwear industry’s contribution to global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is one of the fifth largest per industry, equal to that of livestock, after electricity and heat, oil and gas, agriculture, and transportation (Ellen MacArthur Foundation, 2017). For industry-wide emissions reduction, investing in renewable energy and energy efficiency programs across highest impacting life cycle phases offer the most effective solution. However, identifying the highest impacting life cycles phases shows varied results depending on the particular type of business model under examination. This paper responds to the lack of existing data and empirical research on how to accurately measure, report and reduce carbon emissions across the highly complex and globally interconnected apparel value chain. This is done through a single case study investigation of an Icelandic fashion brand. A hybrid approach of a standard Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and the Sustainable Global Value Chain (SGVC) functions to produce a Hotspot Identification Tool (HIT) to establish a holistic portrayal of business operations in relation to emission impacts and level of controllability across Scopes. The conceptual analysis and qualitative results identify the most relevant emission hotspots to lie within the company’s privately owned manufacturing facilities, as well as the procurement phase, due to its direct connection with and influence on material production, user phase, and end-of-life. The main obstacle in this pursuit is identified as restriction of resources in terms of time, capital and expertise. It is suggested that this be overcome by joining a Multi-Stakeholder Initiative where resources and expertise is pooled in a pre-competitive manner to reach common objectives. The investigation further suggests a need for global fashion brands to leverage their influential position on down- and upstream activities across the value chain, i.e. with their supply chain partners and consumers. I argue that fashion brands play an integral role in supporting local efforts to build a decarbonisation pathway towards climate neutral economies on a global scale.
17
Hobeika, Graziella. "Analyse multiniveaux des trajectoires de changement associées aux démarches d'e-gouvernement : étude de cas de deux ministères au Liban." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 10, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023PA100146.
Abstract:
Notre travail de recherche porte sur l’analyse de l’impact transformationnel de l’e-gouvernement dans deux ministères au Liban. Des carences bibliographiques liées à cette thématique sont constatées dans la littérature sur l’e-gouvernement, notamment dans le contexte de pays en développement. En outre, l’impact transformationnel de l’e-gouvernement, peu exploré empiriquement, suscite des débats continus entre vision optimiste et pessimiste de ce phénomène. Cela invite à mobiliser une perspective holistique pour mieux cerner la complexité de l’e-gouvernement et pour approfondir la compréhension des changements associés. Nous avons cherché à examiner l’évolution des trajectoires de changement, impulsées par ces démarches, au sein des ministères des Finances publiques et de la Santé publique au Liban sur une période historique (1992-2010), emblématique pour la modernisation du secteur public libanais par les SI. Nous avons élaboré un cadre conceptuel original qui couple la théorie néo-institutionnelle et le courant théorique de la transformation organisationnelle par les SI et qui a permis une lecture intégrale du changement qui se déploie aux niveaux macro, méso et micro dans les deux ministères. Nos résultats révèlent des trajectoires de changement différentes. Dans le même contexte institutionnel, les démarches d’e-gouvernement déployées au sein des deux ministères impulsent, dans un cas, une trajectoire de changement profond et un impact transformationnel réel, alors que dans l’autre, elles engendrent une trajectoire de changement superficiel et un impact transformationnel limité. Ces deux trajectoires de changement mettent en évidence un enchevêtrement de facteurs internes et externes, ayant une influence sur l’impact transformationnel des démarches d’e-gouvernementOur research focuses on analyzing the transformational impact of e-government at two ministries in Lebanon.The literature on e-government, particularly in the context of developing countries, is limited. Furthermore, the transformational impact of e-government has not been empirically explored, giving rise to ongoing debates between optimistic and pessimistic views of the phenomenon. This calls for the mobilization of a holistic perspective to better capture the complexity of e-government and to deepen the understanding of the changes it could trigger.We sought to examine the evolution of change trajectories, driven by e-government initiatives, within the ministry of Finance and the ministry of Public Health in Lebanon over the 1992-2010 period, which is emblematic of the modernization of the Lebanese public sector through IS.We have developed a conceptual framework that combines the neo-institutional theory with the IT-enabled organizational transformation theoretical perspective, which enabled an integral reading of the change unfolding at macro, meso and micro levels at the two ministries.Our results show different trajectories of change. Within the same institutional context, the e-government initiatives deployed at the two ministries, drive, in one case, a trajectory of profound change and a real transformational impact, while in the other, they generate a trajectory of superficial change and a limited transformational impact. These two trajectories of change highlight a tangle of internal and external factors which largely affect the transformational impact of e-government
18
Condie, Nathan John. "The transformation of men." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1999. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36584/1/36584_Condie_1999.pdf.
Abstract:
Men can undertake to transform their lives. This transformation involves a complex
and often recursive learning process of a man challenging his very own identity,
exploring the source of present attitude and behaviour patterns, and undertaking
strategies to alter those inappropriate attitudes and behaviours. This process of
transformation emphasizes the centrality of personal relationships in the lives of men,
and their desires to achieve deep and meaningful relationships with the significant
people in their lives. Through the development of this ability to connect deeply, men
may experience an alteration to their direction in life.
This thesis explores the process of transformation in men, and develops a provisional
theory, grounded in the data, for such a process of transformation. This theory is
termed the Life Trajectory Alteration theory for men. The theory offers a
comprehensive explanation of how men come to question their life trajectory, the
process by which they undertake to change or transform their life, and indicates the
possible results of completing such a process. The theory also identifies the conditions
and contexts that may either facilitate or impede this process of transformation.
Included within these conditions are a combination of psychological and sociological
factors. Of the sociological factors, a man's masculinity is identified as playing an
influential role.
19
馮德操 and Russell Fung. "Trajectory calculation in an electrostatic positron beam using a reformulated extended charge density model." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31220836.
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Tam, Tapia Augusto José. "Space craft reliable trajectory tracking and landing using model predictive control with chance constraints." Master's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2017. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/8897.
Abstract:
This work considers the study of chance constrained Model Predictive Control (MPC)
for reliable spacecraft trajectory tracking and landing.
Objectives of the master thesis: • To identify and study mathematical dynamic models of a spacecraft.
• To study the trajectory design and landing schemes for a given mission.
• To study the source of uncertainty in the model parameters and external disturbances.
• To study the chance constrained MPC scheme for the reliable and optimal trajectory
tracking and landing.
• To testing the new analytic approximation approaches, Inner and Outer, for chance
constraints.
• To study appropriate MPC algorithms and implement on case-studies.
In the first part of the thesis considers deterministic dynamical models of spacecraft are
discussed.
The first example is about the tracking of trajectory and soft landing on the surface of
an asteroid EROS433, this model uses Cartesian coordinates.
In the second example, in a similar way to the first example, the trajectory and soft
landing is performed on the surface of a celestial body. It is assumed that the celestial
body is a perfect sphere, something that does not happen in the first example. Thus,
the second example uses a Spherical coordinate system.
The third example is about a Lander that enters the Martian atmosphere. This Lander
follows a designed trajectory until reaching a certain altitude over the Martian surface.
At this altitude the Lander deploys a parachute to make the landing.
To solve the deterministic examples described above, the following sequence of steps are:
• pose the deterministic Nonlinear Optimal Control Problem (NOCP),
• convert the infinite Optimal Control Problem (OCP) to a finite Nonlinear Programming
Problem (NLP), applying the Runge-Kutta 4th order discretization
method,
• apply the Quasi-sequential method to the deterministic NLP obtained from the
previous step,
• solution of the reduced NLP obtained from the previous step using IpOpt software. The steps outlined above are also part of the Nonlinear Model Predictive Control (NMPC)
approach.
In the second part of the thesis, the same examples of the first part are used but now
with stochastic variables. To find the control law in each model, the stochastic NMPC
was used. The above mentioned approach begins with a chance constrained OCP.
The latter is discretized obtaining an NLP. The problem with this NLP, with chance
constraints, is that is very difficult to solve in analytic form. So these chance constraints
are approached by a different method that exist in the state of the art. This thesis
work is focused on approaching the chance constraints through Analytic Approximation
Strategies, specifically by the recent: Inner and Outer Approximation methods.
The chance constrained MPC is expensive from a computational point of view, but it
allows to find a control law for a more reliable trajectory-tracking and soft landing .
That is suitable for applications with random disturbances, model inaccuracies, and
measurement errors.Tesis
21
Fung, Russell. "Trajectory calculation in an electrostatic positron beam using a reformulated extended charge density model /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B20567017.
22
Wehmann, Adam. "A Spatial-Temporal Contextual Kernel Method for Generating High-Quality Land-Cover Time Series." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1398866264.
23
Merlinge, Nicolas. "State estimation and trajectory planning using box particle kernels." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS425/document.
Abstract:
L'autonomie d'un engin aérospatial requière de disposer d'une boucle de navigation-guidage-pilotage efficace et sûre. Cette boucle intègre des filtres estimateurs et des lois de commande qui doivent dans certains cas s'accommoder de non-linéarités sévères et être capables d'exploiter des mesures ambiguës. De nombreuses approches ont été développées à cet effet et parmi celles-ci, les approches particulaires présentent l'avantage de pouvoir traiter de façon unifiée des problèmes dans lesquels les incertitudes d’évolution du système et d’observation peuvent être soumises à des lois statistiques quelconques. Cependant, ces approches ne sont pas exemptes de défauts dont le plus important est celui du coût de calcul élevé. D'autre part, dans certains cas, ces méthodes ne permettent pas non plus de converger vers une solution acceptable. Des adaptations récentes de ces approches, combinant les avantages du particulaire tel que la possibilité d'extraire la recherche d'une solution d'un domaine local de description et la robustesse des approches ensemblistes, ont été à l'origine du travail présenté dans cette thèse.Cette thèse présente le développement d’un algorithme d’estimation d’état, nommé le Box Regularised Particle Filter (BRPF), ainsi qu’un algorithme de commande, le Box Particle Control (BPC). Ces algorithmes se basent tous deux sur l’utilisation de mixtures de noyaux bornés par des boites (i.e., des vecteurs d’intervalles) pour décrire l’état du système sous la forme d’une densité de probabilité multimodale. Cette modélisation permet un meilleur recouvrement de l'espace d'état et apporte une meilleure cohérence entre la prédite et la vraisemblance. L’hypothèse est faite que les incertitudes incriminées sont bornées. L'exemple d'application choisi est la navigation par corrélation de terrain qui constitue une application exigeante en termes d'estimation d'état.Pour traiter des problèmes d’estimation ambiguë, c’est-à-dire lorsqu’une valeur de mesure peut correspondre à plusieurs valeurs possibles de l’état, le Box Regularised Particle Filter (BRPF) est introduit. Le BRPF est une évolution de l’algorithme de Box Particle Filter (BPF) et est doté d’une étape de ré-échantillonnage garantie et d’une stratégie de lissage par noyau (Kernel Regularisation). Le BRPF assure théoriquement une meilleure estimation que le BPF en termes de Mean Integrated Square Error (MISE). L’algorithme permet une réduction significative du coût de calcul par rapport aux approches précédentes (BPF, PF). Le BRPF est également étudié dans le cadre d’une intégration dans des architectures fédérées et distribuées, ce qui démontre son efficacité dans des cas multi-capteurs et multi-agents.Un autre aspect de la boucle de navigation–guidage-pilotage est le guidage qui nécessite de planifier la future trajectoire du système. Pour tenir compte de l'incertitude sur l'état et des contraintes potentielles de façon versatile, une approche nommé Box Particle Control (BPC) est introduite. Comme pour le BRPF, le BPC se base sur des mixtures de noyaux bornés par des boites et consiste en la propagation de la densité d’état sur une trajectoire jusqu’à un certain horizon de prédiction. Ceci permet d’estimer la probabilité de satisfaire les contraintes d’état au cours de la trajectoire et de déterminer la séquence de futures commandes qui maintient cette probabilité au-delà d’un certain seuil, tout en minimisant un coût. Le BPC permet de réduire significativement la charge de calculState estimation and trajectory planning are two crucial functions for autonomous systems, and in particular for aerospace vehicles.Particle filters and sample-based trajectory planning have been widely considered to tackle non-linearities and non-Gaussian uncertainties.However, these approaches may produce erratic results due to the sampled approximation of the state density.In addition, they have a high computational cost which limits their practical interest.This thesis investigates the use of box kernel mixtures to describe multimodal probability density functions.A box kernel mixture is a weighted sum of basic functions (e.g., uniform kernels) that integrate to unity and whose supports are bounded by boxes, i.e., vectors of intervals.This modelling yields a more extensive description of the state density while requiring a lower computational load.New algorithms are developed, based on a derivation of the Box Particle Filter (BPF) for state estimation, and of a particle based chance constrained optimisation (Particle Control) for trajectory planning under uncertainty.In order to tackle ambiguous state estimation problems, a Box Regularised Particle Filter (BRPF) is introduced.The BRPF consists of an improved BPF with a guaranteed resampling step and a smoothing strategy based on kernel regularisation.The proposed strategy is theoretically proved to outperform the original BPF in terms of Mean Integrated Square Error (MISE), and empirically shown to reduce the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of estimation.BRPF reduces the computation load in a significant way and is robust to measurement ambiguity.BRPF is also integrated to federated and distributed architectures to demonstrate its efficiency in multi-sensors and multi-agents systems.In order to tackle constrained trajectory planning under non-Gaussian uncertainty, a Box Particle Control (BPC) is introduced.BPC relies on an interval bounded kernel mixture state density description, and consists of propagating the state density along a state trajectory at a given horizon.It yields a more accurate description of the state uncertainty than previous particle based algorithms.A chance constrained optimisation is performed, which consists of finding the sequence of future control inputs that minimises a cost function while ensuring that the probability of constraint violation (failure probability) remains below a given threshold.For similar performance, BPC yields a significant computation load reduction with respect to previous approaches
24
Yin, Feijia, Volker Grewe, Christine Frömming, and Hiroshi Yamashita. "Impact on flight trajectory characteristics when avoiding the formation of persistent contrails for transatlantic flights." Elsevier, 2018. https://publish.fid-move.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A72194.
Abstract:
This paper studies the impacts on flight trajectories, such as lateral and vertical changes, when avoiding the formation of persistent contrails for transatlantic flights. A sophisticated Earth-System Model (EMAC) coupled with a flight routing submodel (AirTraf) and a contrail submodel (CONTRAIL) is used to optimize flight trajectories concerning the flight time and the flight distance through contrail forming regions (contrail distance). All the trajectories are calculated taking into account the effects of the actual and local meteorological parameters, e.g., wind, temperature, relative humidity, etc. A full-year simulation has been conducted based on a daily flight schedule of 103 transatlantic flights. The trade-off between the flight time and contrail distance shows a large daily variability, meaning for the same increase in flight time, the reduction in contrail distance varies from 20% to 80% depending on the daily meteorological situation. The results confirm that the overall changes in flight trajectories follow a seasonal cycle corresponding to the nature of the potential contrail coverage. In non-summer seasons, the southward and upward shifts of the trajectories are favorable to avoid the contrail formation. In summer, the northward and upward shifts are preferred. A partial mitigation strategy for up to 40% reduction in contrail distance can be achieved throughout all the seasons with a negligible increase in flight time (less than 2%), which represents a reasonable trade-off between flight time increase and contrail avoidance.
25
Billman, Eric J. "Changes in Life History within an Individual's Lifetime." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2011. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2667.
Abstract:
A central goal of life history theory is to understand the selective factors that generate the diversity of reproductive patterns observed in nature. Within lifetime changes in reproductive investment will determine an organism's fitness; however, this area of life history theory has received less attention than comparisons among population that characterize life history traits as a single population mean. Reproductive allocation can be affected by multiple cues; the integration of these cues across an organism's lifetime generates the diversity in life history strategies observed in nature. Life history studies should examine the interacting effects of multiple cues on life history strategies to generate better predictions and generalizations of age-related changes in reproductive investment. An individual's life history strategy is inherently multivariate consisting of a coordinated suite of life history traits that, when combined across the organism's lifetime, determines its fitness. Life history strategies can therefore be described as a trajectory through multivariate space defined by life history traits. Here I describe life history trajectory analysis, a multivariate analytical approach for quantifying and comparing phenotypic change in life history strategies; this methodology is adapted from an analytical framework originally described for studies of morphological evolution. Life history trajectories have attributes (magnitude, direction, and shape) that can be quantified and statistically compared among taxa to determine if life history patterns are predictable. Using the life history trajectory analysis, I demonstrate the effect of prior experience on reproductive allocation in the burying beetle Nicrophorus orbicollis. The effect of prior experience resulted in a terminal investment or accentuated response to age-based cues, or resulted in a conservative investment strategy or reproductive restraint. In the livebearing fish Gambusia affinis, females adjust the level of reproductive investment to current reproduction based on age- or environment-based cues. Age-0 females decreased the level of reproductive investment to current reproduction in late summer prior to the onset of fall and winter months. Old females, on the other hand, increased the level of reproductive investment as the summer progressed. The reproductive restraint and terminal investment patterns exhibited by age-0 and age-1 females, respectively, were consistent with the predictions from the cost of reproduction hypothesis. These studies demonstrate how the life history trajectory analysis provides an analytical tool to test predictions of life history theory. Additionally, I provide evidence that organisms use multiple cues to determine the level of reproductive investment and that the strength of the effect of each cue will depend on the age of an individual.
26
Piprek, Patrick [Verfasser], Florian [Akademischer Betreuer] Holzapfel, Sébastien [Gutachter] Gros, and Florian [Gutachter] Holzapfel. "Robust Trajectory Optimization Applying Chance Constraints and Generalized Polynomial Chaos / Patrick Piprek ; Gutachter: Sébastien Gros, Florian Holzapfel ; Betreuer: Florian Holzapfel." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1211086992/34.
27
Servais, Etienne. "Trajectory planning and control of collaborative systems : Application to trirotor UAVS." Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA112188/document.
Abstract:
L'objet de cette thèse est de proposer un cadre complet, du haut niveau au bas niveau, de génération de trajectoires pour un groupe de systèmes dynamiques indépendants. Ce cadre, basé sur la résolution de l'équation de Burgers pour la génération de trajectoires, est appliqué à un modèle original de drone trirotor et utilise la platitude des deux systèmes différentiels considérés. La première partie du manuscrit est consacrée à la génération de trajectoires. Celle-ci est effectuée en créant formellement, par le biais de la platitude du système considéré, des solutions à l'équation de la chaleur. Ces solutions sont transformées en solution de l'équation de Burgers par la transformation de Hopf-Cole pour correspondre aux formations voulues. Elles sont optimisées pour répondre à des contraintes spécifiques. Plusieurs exemples de trajectoires sont donnés.La deuxième partie est consacrée au suivi autonome de trajectoire par un drone trirotor. Ce drone est totalement actionné et un contrôleur en boucle fermée non-linéaire est proposé. Celui-ci est testé en suivant, en roulant, des trajectoires au sol et en vol. Un modèle est présenté et une démarche pour le contrôle est proposée pour transporter une charge pendulaireThis thesis is dedicated to the creation of a complete framework, from high-level to low-level, of trajectory generation for a group of independent dynamical systems. This framework, based for the trajectory generation, on the resolution of Burgers equation, is applied to a novel model of trirotor UAV and uses the flatness of the two levels of dynamical systems.The first part of this thesis is dedicated to the generation of trajectories. Formal solutions to the heat equation are created using the differential flatness of this equation. These solutions are transformed into solutions to Burgers' equation through Hopf-Cole transformation to match the desired formations. They are optimized to match specific requirements. Several examples of trajectories are given.The second part is dedicated to the autonomous trajectory tracking by a trirotor UAV. This UAV is totally actuated and a nonlinear closed-loop controller is suggested. This controller is tested on the ground and in flight by tracking, rolling or flying, a trajectory. A model is presented and a control approach is suggested to transport a pendulum load
28
Nuemi, Tchathouang Gilles Eric. "Identification des profils de changement sur données longitudinales, illustrée par deux exemples : étude des trajectoires hopsitalières de prise en charge d'un cancer. Construction des profils évolutifs de qualité de vie lors d'un essai thérapeutique pour un cancer avancé." Thesis, Dijon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014DIJOMU02/document.
Abstract:
ContexteDans le domaine de la santé, l’analyse des données pour l’extraction des connaissances est un enjeu en pleine expansion. Les questions sur l’organisation des soins ou encore l’étude de l’association entre le traitement et qualité de vie (QdV) perçue pourraient être abordées sous cet angle. L’évolution des technologies permet de disposer d’outils de fouille de données performants et d’outils statistiques enrichis de méthode avancées, utilisables par les non experts. Nous avons illustré cette méthode au travers de deux questions d’actualité :1 / Quelle organisation des soins pour la prise en charge des cancers ? 2/ étude de la relation chez les patients souffrant d’un cancer métastatique entre la QdV liée à la santé perçue et les traitements reçus dans le cadre d’un essai thérapeutique.Matériels et méthodesNous disposons aujourd’hui de volumineuses bases de données. Certaines retracent le parcours hospitalier des patients, comme c’est le cas pour les données d’activités hospitalières recueillies dans le cadre du programme de médicalisation des systèmes d’information (PMSI). D’autres conservent les informations sur la QdV perçues par les patients et qui recueillies en routine actuellement dans les essais thérapeutiques. L’analyse de ces données a été réalisée suivant trois étapes principales : Tout d’abord une étape de préparation des données dont l’objectif était la compatibilité à un concept d’analyse précisé. Il s’agissait par exemple de transformer une base de données classique (centrée sur le patient) vers une nouvelle base de données où « l’unité de recueil » est une entité autre que le patient (ex. trajectoire de soins). Ensuite une deuxième étape consacrée à l’application de méthodes de fouille de données pour l’extraction connaissances : les méthodes d’analyse formelle des concepts ou encore les méthodes de classifications non-supervisée. Et enfin l’étape de restitution des résultats obtenus et présenté sous forme graphique.RésultatsPour la question de l’organisation des soins, nous avons construit une typologie des trajectoires hospitalières des soins permettait de réaliser un état des lieux des pratiques dans la prise en charge des cancers étudié depuis la chirurgie jusqu’à un an de suivi des patients. Dans le cas du Cancer du sein, nous avons décrit une typologie de prise en charge sur la base des coûts d’hospitalisation sur un suivi d’un an. Pour la deuxième question, nous avons également construit une typologie des profils évolutifs de la QdV. Celle-ci comportait 3 classes : une classe d’amélioration, une classe de stabilité et une classe de dégradation.ConclusionL’intérêt majeur de ce travail était de mettre en évidence des pistes de réflexion permettant des avancées dans la compréhension et la construction de solutions adaptées aux problèmesContext In healthcare domain, data mining for knowledge discovery represent a growing issue. Questions about the organisation of healthcare system and the study of the relation between treatment and quality of life (QoL) perceived could be addressed that way. The evolution of technologies provides us with efficient data mining tools and statistical packages containing advanced methods available for non-experts. We illustrate this approach through two issues: 1 / What organisation of healthcare system for cancer diseases management? 2 / Exploring in patients suffering from metastatic cancer, the relationship between health-related QoL perceived and treatment received as part of a clinical trial. Materials and methods Today we have large databases. Some are dedicated to gather together all hospital stays, as is the case for the national medico-administrative DRG-type database. Others are used to store information about QoL perceived by patients, routinely collected in clinical trials. The analysis of these data was carried out following three main steps: In the first step, data are prepared to be useable according to a defined concept of data analysis. For example, a classical database (patient-centered) was converted to a new database organised around a new defined entity which was different from the patient (eg. Care trajectory). Then in the second step, we applied data mining methods for knowledge discovery: we used the formal analysis of concepts method and unsupervised clustering techniques. And finally the results were presented in a graphical form. Results Concerning the question of the organisation of healthcare system, we constructed a typology of hospital care trajectories. We were able then to describe current practice in the management of cancers from the first cancer related surgical operation until one year of follow-up. In the case of breast cancer, we’ve described a typology of care on the basis of hospital costs over a one year follow up. Concerning the second question, we have also constructed a typology of QoL change patterns. This comprised three groups: Improvement, stability and degradation group.Conclusion The main interest of this work was to highlight new thoughts, which advances understanding and, contributing in appropriate solutions building
29
Kalasin, Kiattichai. "The international expansion of emerging-economy firms : The influence of path-breaking change and its antecedents." Thesis, Jouy-en Josas, HEC, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHEC0011/document.
Abstract:
Cette thèse présente les mécanismes qui expliquent l'expansion internationale des entreprises multinationales des pays émergents vers des pays développés. Nous suggérons que les changements radicaux en termes de routines contribuent à expliquer l'expansion des entreprises des pays émergents. Nous soutenons que ce type de changement radical est uneétape indispensable pour que les entreprises des pays émergents puissent construire un avantage compétitif et entrer dans les économies avancées.De plus, nous nous intéressons aux antécédents du changement radical des routines de l’entreprise. En nous appuyant sur la théorie de l’échelon supérieur, nous suggérons que la composition des équipes de direction a un impact sur les changements radicaux de routines. Nous soutenons le fait que les dirigeants étrangers et ceux disposant d’une expérienceinternationale peuvent apporter de nouvelles connaissances et pratiques de gestion dans leurs organisations, ce qui contribue à les rendre plus compétitives. Toutefois, le succès sur le marché domestique peut empêcher l'entreprise d’évoluer à l’international. Les entreprises ont tendance à construire leurs capacités dans le prolongement de leur trajectoire passée ; une diversification conglomérale, des liens avec le gouvernement et une position de leader de marché peuvent empêcher les entreprises d'entrer dans les économies développéesThis dissertation introduces mechanisms that explain the international expansion of emerging-market multinational enterprises (EM MNEs) into advanced economies. It aims to provide a theoretical explanation of global champions from emerging economies. We propose path-breaking change as a complementary view that is the driver of emerging-economy firms’ international expansion into advanced economies. We argue that path-breaking change is a prerequisite before emerging-economy firms build and, in turn, leverage their ownership advantages in advanced economies. In addition, we further investigate the antecedents of path-breaking change. Building upon the upper-echelon theory, we assert that the composition of a top management team (TMT) and a board of directors (BOD) have an impact on the extent of a firm's path-breaking change. We argue that foreigners and executives with international exposure may bring new knowledge and introduce new management practices to their organizations. They may usesuch knowledge and skills to transform firms into more market-oriented entities. However, success in the domestic market may prevent a firm from changing. Firms tend to build their capabilities upon their historical path trajectory. Hence, market leadership position, conglomerate diversification, and government ties deter firms from venturing into advanced economies
30
Bonnemains, Anouk. "Vulnérabilité et résilience d'un modèle de développement alpin : Trajectoire territoriale des stations de sports d'hiver de haute altitude de Tarentaise." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAA009/document.
Abstract:
Les deux grands phénomènes contemporains que sont le tourisme et les changements climatiques traversent et questionnent les territoires. Le tourisme comme modèle de développement structure et organise le territoire pour son fonctionnement et permet de créer une activité économique pour la population locale. Quant aux changements climatiques, ils rendent visible la vulnérabilité intrinsèque des territoires en remettant en question la durabilité d'un modèle économique basé sur l'émission de gaz à effet de serre.L'histoire des sports d'hiver français a engendré un modèle de stations spécifique : la station de 3ème génération, exportée à l'étranger depuis les années 1980. Après la Seconde Guerre mondiale, la Tarentaise, en Savoie, devient le laboratoire d'expériences pour le développement de ce type de stations. En 2014 les huit grandes stations de Tarentaise représentent 37 % de la fréquentation des stations de sports d'hiver français (soit 220 stations). Cette recherche doctorale analyse donc la trajectoire territoriale des stations de haute altitude de Tarentaise, comme un modèle de développement à travers ses les évolutions : socioéconomiques, politiques, environnementales et climatiques.Retracer et comprendre les différentes phases de l'implantation d'un modèle de développement sur un territoire permet de questionner sa vulnérabilité et sa résilience face aux changements climatiques.Les politiques climatiques comme la gestion du tourisme sont aujourd'hui territorialisées, comment sont intégrées ces deux dimensions à l'échelle d'un Pays (l'Assemblée Tarentaise-Vanoise) ? Les politiques climatiques territoriales non contraignantes ont-elles la capacité de remettre en cause une économie unique basée sur une ressource naturelle unique : la neige, dont la fiabilité va être de plus en plus problématique ?Dans un premier temps, nous interrogerons les vulnérabilités des modèles de développement et la construction politique du problème climat, à travers le tourisme comme levier de modernisation de la montagne (Chapitre 1), les changements climatiques comme révélateurs des vulnérabilités liées aux modèles de développement (chapitre 2) et les territoires comme l'échelle de pertinence pour l'action politique climatique (chapitre 3). La partie 2 questionnera un modèle de développement alpin à l'intersection entre évolution sociétale et changements climatiques par la création du modèle des stations de 3ème génération et les évolutions de la stratégie touristique (chapitre 5) pour déboucher sur l'analyse de la vulnérabilité des stations de sports d'hiver et la vulnérabilité territoriale (Chapitre 6). Enfin la troisième partie met en avant comment les politiques climatiques territoriales renforcent le tourisme hivernal, par la construction et le renforcement d'une échelle territoriale : la Tarentaise-Vanoise (chapitre 7), celle-ci peut-elle déboucher sur un nouveau modèle ? (Chapitre 8)Tourism and climate Change are two major contemporary phenomena wicht cross and question territories. The tourism as the model of development structures and organizes the territory for its functioning and allows to create an economic activity for the local population. When climate change, they make visible the intrinsic vulnerability of the territory by questioning the sustainability of an economic model based on the emission of greenhouse gases.The story of the French winter sports has generated Specific Model of resorts: the resort of 3rd generation, Exported abroad since the 1980s. After the Second World War, Tarentaise becomes the laboratory of experiment for the development of this specifique of resorts, even today (in 2014) eight big resorts of Tarentaise represent French 37 % of the attendance of winter sports resorts (that is 220 resorts). This Phd research thus analyzes the territorial trajectory of the resorts of high height of Tarentaise since the 1930s, as a model of development co-built by the evolutions: socioeconomic, political, environmental and climatic.To Trace and understand the different phases of the implementation of a development model on territory, allows to question its vulnerability and resilience to climate change.Climate policies such as tourism management are now territorialized, how these two dimensions are integrated at the level of a regional (Assembly Tarentaise-Vanoise) ? Non-binding territorialized climate policies, have they ability to question a only economy based on a only natural resource: the snow, the reliability is going to be increasingly problematic.First, we will examine the vulnerabilities of development models and climate problem political construction, through tourism as mountain modernization lever (Chapter 1) climate change as indicative of the development models as revelations vulnerabilities (Chapter 2) and the territories as relevance scale climate for political action (Chapter 3). Part 2 will question an Alpine development model at the intersection between societal evolution and climate change through the creation of the third-generation model of the stations and changes in the tourism strategy (Chapter 5) to lead the analysis of the vulnerability of ski resorts and territorial vulnerability (Chapter 6). Finally, the third section highlights how local climate policies strengthen winter tourism by building and strengthening a territorial level: the Tarentaise-Vanoise (Chapter 7), it can it lead to a new model? (Chapter 8)
31
Gilet, Louis. "Charriage et obstacles à la continuité sédimentaire sur les cours d'eau du Morvan." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01H059.
Abstract:
En France, les récentes évolutions réglementaires (DCE, 2000 ; LEMA, 2006) obligent à assurer une certaine continuité sédimentaire au droit des barrages. L’exigence se pose singulièrement dans le massif du Morvan, où une dizaine de barrages se sont installés depuis le milieu du XIXe siècle. Les questionnements y sont complexes : plusieurs des cours d’eau sur lesquels les ouvrages ont été édifiés ont été assez peu étudiés (lit plat de moyenne énergie à substrat grossier mixte). En outre, les systèmes fluviaux étudiés – l’Yonne supérieure, la Cure et le Chalaux – sont marqués par une anthropisation ancienne, caractérisée notamment par des usages multiples antérieurs aux barrages (moulins, flottage du bois). L’énergie de ces rivières, en partie régie par les barrages, est un facteur important mais insuffisant pour comprendre le charriage actuel. Celui-ci s’avère particulièrement influencé par certains paramètres morphologiques (substrat très grossier, structures sédimentaires, pente). Or les conditions morphologiques actuelles paraissent largement résulter de plusieurs décennies de modification des apports liquides et solides par les barrages. Leurs effets sur les processus fluviaux doivent donc être appréhendés à plusieurs échelles temporelles. Les travaux indiquent qu’ils dépendent également des influences héritées des anciens usages hydrauliques. La trajectoire hydromorphologique passée de la rivière semble aussi jouer sur les impacts morpho-sédimentaires qui ont pu être observés à la suite d’un démantèlement de barrage. Plutôt qu’une table rase ou un retour en arrière, les barrages ou leur démantèlement représentent ainsi davantage une nouvelle évolution de la trajectoire fluviale, faite de ruptures, de continuités et de mutationsIn France, recent regulatory developments (WFD, 2000; LEMA, 2006) require sediment continuity across the dams to be ensured. This requirement is particularly acute in the Morvan massif, where a dozen dams have been installed since the middle of the 19th century. The questions are complex: several of the rivers on which the structures have been built have only been poorly studied (medium energy plane bed with mixed coarse substrate). In addition, the fluvial systems - the Upper Yonne, the Cure and the Chalaux - are marked by a long anthropogenic influence, characterized in particular by multiple uses prior to the dams (mills, log driving). Those rivers’ energy, partly governed by the dams, is an important factor but insufficient to understand current bedload transport. The latter is indeed significantly influenced by certain morphological parameters (very coarse substrate, sedimentary structures, slope). However, current morphological conditions appear to be largely the result of several decades of disturbance in liquid and solid inputs by dams. Their effects on river processes must therefore be understood on several time scales. The study indicates that they also depend on the influences inherited from previous hydraulic uses. The past hydromorphic trajectory of the river also seems to influence the morpho-sedimentary impacts that were observed following a dam removal. Rather than a clean slate or a step backwards, dams or their removal thus represent a new evolution of the river trajectory, made up of ruptures, continuities and mutations
32
Mvondo, Emile Thierry. "L'hypothèse de neutralité monétaire : une application à la Zone Franc." Thesis, Nancy 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NAN20011/document.
Abstract:
Cette thèse s'interroge sur la validité de l'hypothèse de neutralité monétaire en Zone franc, en partant des conclusions de la nouvelle synthèse néoclassique (Goodfriend et King, 2000), et du renouveau de ladite hypothèse avec l'extension des unions monétaires. A court terme, l'existence de rigidités nominales imputables aux asymétries d'information, à la viscosité ou à la rigidité des prix [Gordon (1980), Akerlof et Yellen (1977), Mankiw et Reis (2002)] confère à la monnaie la capacité de retarder l'entrée en cycle ou d'accélérer la sortie, à condition que soit maîtrisé le cheminement des impulsions monétaires vers la sphère réelle. A long terme, les conclusions monétaristes sur la neutralité monétaire demeurent, justifiant la nécessité sur cet horizon de cibler un taux d'inflation oscillant autour du taux de chômage naturel, tel que préconisé par Milton Friedman (1968) et Edmund Phelps (1968). Cette recommandation issue du débat autour de la courbe de Phillips, relation fondamentale des modèles macroéconomiques, suppose pour un équilibre compatible avec le plein-emploi, que la cible d'inflation du moyen terme corresponde à l'intersection des courbes de Phillips du court et du long terme : un « taux naturel d'inflation ». En unions monétaires toutefois, les arbitrages susceptibles d'être opérés à court terme et le choix d'une cible d'inflation à moyen terme s'avèrent complexes, du fait de la diversité des courbes de Phillips dans le temps et dans l'espace. Cette difficulté se dissout dans les avantages que confère une zone monétaire optimale, définie selon les critères de Robert Mundell (1961), Ronald McKinnon (1963) et Peter Kenen (1969). Ces critères, la Zone franc ne les respecterait pas d'après Philippe Hugon (1997), car elle a été et demeure davantage un simple bloc monétaire du fait de l'unification des règles de change. Pour Albert Ondo Ossa (2000), elle trouverait son optimalité non pas dans les critères standards, mais sur le plan de la solidarité. La stabilité monétaire qui y est recherchée induit selon Chicot Eboué (2000, 2002), un biais anti-inflationniste traduisant une préférence pour le chômage au détriment de l'inflation de croissance. En outre, la double contrainte de change et de réserves de change qui en découle conduit à une accumulation excessive de réserves à l'instar des caisses d'émission, exposant la zone aux dangers qui en résultent. D'où la question qui mérite d'être signalée dans cette thèse : Quels sont les choix de politique monétaire adaptés face à la pauvreté et l'inertie de la croissance en Zone franc ? Pour répondre à cette question, nous avons examiné la possibilité de manipuler les agrégats monétaires en vue d'assurer la stabilité monétaire et partant, régler finement la conjoncture, ainsi que les conséquences y afférentes. Cet examen est parti de l'actualité de l'hypothèse de neutralité monétaire dans la zone, pour s'appesantir par la suite sur sa portée. Au terme de l'analyse, il est apparu que la conduite de la politique monétaire serait confrontée à de nombreuses difficultés dont l'hétérogénéité des comportements des agents et des caractéristiques pays, l'instabilité des fonctions de demande de monnaie et la persistance des chocs. L'incidence de la monnaie sur le bien-être serait limitée, du fait de la dépendance des fonctions de réaction des autorités monétaires aux facteurs extérieurs à l'instar du taux de couverture de la monnaie, des différentiels d'inflation, et du taux d'intérêt de la monnaie d'ancrage. Cette incidence pourrait toutefois être accrue avec la détermination et le suivie d'une trajectoire optimale de réserves de change, garantie d'une marge de manoeuvre additionnelle à la politique monétaire, et la définition d'une stratégie de communication visant à ancrer les anticipationsThis thesis aims to investigate on the validity of monetary neutrality hypothesis in CFA zone, in respect with the new neoclassical synthesis (Goodfriend and King, 2000) and his resurgence due to the extension of monetary unions. In short run, nominal rigidities may induce some real effects of monetary policy due to information asymmetries, prices viscosities or rigidities [Gordon (1980), Akerlof and Yellen (1977), Mankiw and Reis (2002)]. This confers a capability of managing negative effects of business cycles to monetary policy, with respect to the necessity of tying down agents expectations and knowing monetary transmission mechanism. In long run, monetary neutrality hypothesis steel holds, justifying the necessity to target and inflation rate around the natural rate of unemployment, as preconized by Milton Friedman (1968) and Edmund Phelps (1968). This inflation-unemployment trade-off, a fundamental relationship of macroeconomic models suppose for a full employment equilibrium that the medium or long run inflation target corresponds to the intersection of short run Phillips curve to the long run one: "a natural rate of inflation". The above trade-off between inflation and unemployment may seem somewhat problematic in monetary unions, due to the diversity of Phillips curves with respect to time and space. This difficulty may be overcome in an optimal currency area, as defined by Robert Mundell (1961), Ronald McKinnon (1963) and Peter Kenen (1969). Unfortunately, CFA zone has been and steel mostly a simple monetary bloc, due to the unification of exchange rate rules as pointed by Philippe Hugon (1997). For Ondo Ossa (2000), rather than standard criterion, his optimality may be found on solidarity. Chico Eboué (2000, 2002) claims the goals of monetary policy of the zone induces a bias against inflation, traducing a preference for unemployment over inflation for growth. Also, it results an exchange constraint and a reserve constraint witch induce an excessive accumulation of reserve as in currency board, exposing the zone on dangers of excessive accumulation. This conduce us to the question of this thesis: What are the appropriated monetary policy choices for the inertia and poverty of the CFA zone? The answer to this question has been taken in two ways with respect to the possibility to manage monetary aggregates for fine tuning: (i) firstly, we have investigated on the actuality of monetary neutrality in CFA zone; (ii) Secondly, the consequences of conducing monetary policy with respect of this hypothesis were our purpose. Monetary policy may face some difficulties as heterogeneous behaviours and countries characteristics, instability of money demand functions and persistence of shocks. The welfare effects of money may be limited, due to the dependence of the monetary authority's reaction functions to external factors as the ratio of reserves to short-term external debt, expected inflation differential, and the interest rate of the anchorage money. This welfare effect may be increase by determining and following an optimal trajectory of reserves as a guarantee of and additional cyclical role of monetary policy. Also, inflation expectation must be anchorage by a definition of a communication strategy
33
Guion, Vincent. "Prise en charge de la douleur et de la fin de vie en EHPAD : prévention, anticipation et accès aux soins palliatifs." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30107.
Abstract:
Les établissements d'hébergement pour personnes âgées dépendantes (EHPAD) constituaient en 2015 le dernier lieu de vie pour 148.300 résidents, soit un quart des personnes décédées en France. La plupart de ces décès (87%) sont attendus et leur prise en charge pourrait être anticipée. Environ 130.000 résidents d'EHPAD chaque année pourraient bénéficier de soins palliatifs à la fin de leur vie. Pourtant, presqu'un quart des résidents sont "dans un réel inconfort physique" lors de leur dernière semaine de vie, et la sensibilisation des médecins traitants aux soins à apporter en fin de vie est très inégale dans les EHPAD. Un résident d'EHPAD sur quatre est hospitalisé en urgence dans ses deux dernières semaines de vie, et/ou décède lors d'une hospitalisation. Leur prise en charge palliative reste donc insuffisante dans ses dimensions de prévention, d'anticipation et d'accès aux soins palliatifs. L'objectif de la première étude était de déterminer si une intervention forte en EHPAD associant un audit, un retour d'information comparatif avec le bassin de santé et la région, et un accompagnement personnalisé et collaboratif dans la filière gériatrique locale permettait de diminuer la prévalence des résidents douloureux comparativement à une intervention associant seulement l'audit et le retour d'information. L'objectif de la deuxième étude était de décrire les trajectoires fonctionnelles des résidents d'EHPAD après leur transfert aux urgences et de rechercher les déterminants des capacités fonctionnelles et de la mortalité après ce transfert. L'objectif de la troisième étude était de décrire les trajectoires conjointes de douleur, dyspnée, confusion, agitation et altération de l'état général des résidents d'EHPAD après transfert aux urgences et de rechercher les facteurs prédictifs de l'évolution symptomatique. Les données des études IQUARE et FINE ont été utilisées pour répondre à ces objectifs. Les analyses statistiques incluaient des modèles de survie, un modèle logistique à effets mixtes, un modèle linéaire à effets mixtes, et des modèles mixtes à classes latentes. L'intervention forte dans l'étude IQUARE était associée à un moindre risque de douleur et à un accès plus large des résidents à une prise en charge antalgique conforme aux bonnes pratiques que dans le groupe d'intervention faible. Presque la moitié des résidents dans l'étude FINE ont perdu de l'autonomie fonctionnelle ou sont décédés après leur transfert aux urgences. Le déclin fonctionnel a été surtout influencé par l'état de santé du résident (symptômes d'inconfort, fracture, AVC) et par le parcours de soins après le transfert (durée de séjour hospitalier, mode de sortie). Les trajectoires fonctionnelles des résidents permettent de mieux appréhender leur résilience au travers d'un stress tel qu'un passage aux urgences. L'évolution des symptômes après un transfert aux urgences dans l'étude FINE différait selon leur nature : les symptômes spécifiques de l'affection causale ont été bien soulagés, contrairement à ceux plutôt liés aux comorbidités ou au terrain.[...]Nursing home residents (NHRs) accounted for a quarter of all decedents in France in 2015, 87% of which died from predictable causes. About 130,000 NHRs could require palliative care at the end of life every year. Yet, previous works suggested about a fourth of these NHRs were in "a severe physical discomfort" in their last week of life and nursing home medical directors' training on end of life management was scarce. In addition, one fourth of NHRs get transferred to hospital in emergency in their last two weeks of life or die in hospital. Palliative care in NHRs needs to be developed in its dimensions of prevention, anticipation, and access to care. The objective of the first study was to determine whether a strong intervention involving auditing and feedback plus a cooperative work between a hospital geriatrician and the nursing home (NH) staff around quality indicators of care compared to a light intervention involving auditing and feedback only decreases the number of residents with a pain complaint. We also investigated whether this type of intervention improves pain management in NHs. The objectives of the second study were to describe the trajectories of functional ability of NHRs before the emergency department (ED) transfer, during hospital stay, and after hospital discharge, and to examine the determinants of both functional ability and mortality after a transfer to ED. The objectives of the third study were to describe the joint trajectories of pain, dyspnea, fever, confusion, agitation, and fatigue in NHRs from a week before their transfer to ED until the week following their discharge back to NH, and identify predictive factors of symptomatic outcomes. Data from the IQUARE and FINE studies were used to address these objectives. Statistical analyses included survival models, mixed-effects logistic and linear models and latent-class mixture models. Our results support that a general geriatric intervention based on education and professional support to NH staff not only improved the quality of pain management in the IQUARE study but was also associated with a lower number of residents who complained about pain. Almost one-half of NHRs declined on their functional ability or died after being transferred to ED in the FINE study, but the majority either remained stable or even improved. Functional decline across trajectory groups was mainly driven by transfer characteristics, such as condition during transfer (number of distressing symptoms, fracture, or stroke) and care pathway after ED (length of hospital stay and discharge department). Functional trajectories allow us to better understand the resilience capacities of residents facing the challenging stress of a transfer to ED. The course of symptom burden in the FINE study shows distinct trajectories depending on the nature of symptoms: specific symptoms were well alleviated, but non-specific symptoms, i.e. related to comorbidities or disease burden, were frequently uncontrolled.[...]
34
DE, SANTIS GIOVANNA. "Intra-urban spatial inequalities: neighborhood change and residential mobility dynamics in Turin (1971-2011)." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/241199.
Abstract:
La distribuzione non casuale degli individui nello spazio urbano riflette, e in un certo senso rinforza, la loro stratificazione sociale, creando un complesso mosaico di aree residenziali diversificate. La struttura socio-spaziale delle città ha rappresentato uno dei temi centrali della sociologia urbana sin dalla sua fondazione con gli studi dei sociologi della Scuola di Chicago negli anni Venti. L’analisi di “who gets what where” (Lobao et al. 2007) permette di approfondire l’interesse generale per le disuguaglianze sociali, tipico dell’indagine sociologica, focalizzandosi sulla dimensione spaziale. In letteratura è ormai oggi consolidata l’idea per cui, oltre alle caratteristiche individuali, anche il contesto geografico e spaziale ha un ruolo nella strutturazione delle disuguaglianze.
A livello intra-urbano, i quartieri rappresentano la scala a cui prendono forma le disuguaglianze socio-spaziali. La strutturazione socio-spaziale delle città non è tuttavia statica, ma può modificarsi nel tempo. Da un punto di vista macro, evolve come risultato delle trasformazioni nella composizione della popolazione che abita ciascun quartiere, guidate da processi di mobilità residenziale selettiva, cambiamenti in situ o demografici. Da un punto di vista micro, gli individui e le famiglie possono fare esperienza di diversi tipi di quartiere, non solo perché le caratteristiche delle aree urbane in cui vivono si modificano nel tempo, ma anche come conseguenza di eventi di mobilità residenziale che li portano ad uscire ed entrare in quartieri con diversi profili.
Questa tesi affronta, a partire da un framework metodologico che si è sviluppato recentemente, entrambe queste dinamiche. L’obiettivo è quello di contribuire alla letteratura sulle disuguaglianze spaziali intra-urbane attraverso un’analisi descrittiva ed esplorativa dei processi di cambiamento di quartiere e di mobilità residenziale a Torino, tenendo conto dell’intera gamma dei tipi di quartieri esistenti, senza concentrarsi quindi solamente sui quelli nelle posizioni più alte o basse della gerarchia urbana. In primo luogo si è elaborata una tipologia di quartieri articolata in sette classi, a partire dalle caratteristiche demografiche, socio-economiche e relative all’abitazione dei residenti in ciascun quartiere. Utilizzando tecniche di sequence analysis sono inoltre state identificate le più frequenti traiettorie di quartiere di lungo periodo, mappandole per poterne analizzare la distribuzione spaziale. Inoltre, si sono esplorati i movimenti residenziali intra-urbani analizzando la propensità al movimento a partire da un set di caratteristiche individuali e familiari. Particolare attenzione è stata dedicata alla probabilità di migliorare, peggiorare o di non modificare il tipo di quartiere di residenza, definito a partire dal profilo di maggiore o minore svantaggio relativo rispetto agli altri tipi di quartieri che costituiscono la gerarchia urbana.
Il focus sulle dinamiche di lungo periodo contribuisce a migliorare la comprensione di questi processi che raramente sono stati studiati con una tale profondità temporale. Infine, in questo lavoro si è scelto di utilizzare un’unità spaziale di analisi a grana molto fine (sezioni di censimento) che ha permesso di investigare le disuguaglianze spaziali intra-urbane in modo molto dettagliato, rivelando la complessità della struttura socio-spaziale della città e fino a che punto questa sia rimasta stabile o si sia invece modificata nel corso dei decenni.The non-random distribution of individuals within cities reflects, and to some extent reinforces, their social distance and stratification, creating a complex mosaic of distinctive residential areas. The city socio-spatial arrangement has been a central issue in urban sociology since the traditional studies of the Chicago school scholars in the 1920’s. The study of “who gets what where” (Lobao et al. 2007) enhances the more general interest for social inequalities which is at the core of sociological investigation, by focusing on its spatial dimension. Research has indeed acknowledged the importance of geography and place, and there is now a widespread consensus in the literature about the statement that where you live matters in addition to who you are. In this regard, neighborhoods represent the scale at which the intra-urban structure of social inequalities arises. The urban socio-spatial organization, however, is not static but changes over time. From a macro level point of view, it evolves as a result of the transformation of neighborhood population composition, driven by processes of selective residential mobility, in situ and demographic changes. From a micro level point of view, individuals and households may experience a discontinuity in neighborhood characteristics not only because the area where they live changes over time, but also as a consequence of their residential movements in and out of different neighborhood types. This dissertation addresses, drawing on recent methodological advances, these two issues. It aims to contribute to the literature on neighborhood inequality by providing a descriptive and explorative analysis of neighborhood change and residential mobility in Turin (Italy), by accounting for the entire spectrum of neighborhoods, rather than considering only those at the bottom or the top of the urban hierarchy. A seven-class neighborhood typology is developed starting from the demographic, socio-economic and housing characteristics of neighborhood residents, and, by using sequences analysis techniques, several neighborhood trajectories are identified and mapped. The residents’ likelihood of intra-urban residential mobility is also explored, accounting for the probability of not changing, improving or worsening neighborhood quality, defined in terms of its relative socio-economic compositional attributes, when moving. The focus on long-term dynamics contributes to enhance the understanding of these processes which very rarely have been studied with a comparable temporal perspective. Finally, in this work a very small spatial scale of analysis has been used (census block, “sezione di censimento”) which allows to investigate neighborhood inequality in a very detailed manner and to reveal how cities are socially and spatially patterned as well as to what extent this structure tends to persist or evolve over time.
35
Delmas, Pierre. "Génération active des déplacements d'un véhicule agricole dans son environnement." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00669534.
Abstract:
Dans ces travaux, nous proposons un système de guidage automatique pour la navigation sûre d'un robot mobile dans un monde ouvert. Le principe est de contrôler la direction et la vitesse du véhicule afin de préserver son intégrité physique et celle de son environnement. Cela se traduit par la généralisation du concept d'obstacle permettant d'estimer l'espace de vitesses admissibles par le véhicule en fonction de la surface de navigation, des capacités du véhicule et de son état. Afin d'atteindre cet objectif, le système doit pour chaque itération : 1) fournir à la tâche de perception une zone sur laquelle elle devra focaliser son attention pour la reconstruction de l'environnement ; 2) générer des trajectoires admissibles par le véhicule ; 3) estimer le profil de vitesse admissible pour chacune d'entre elles ; 4) pour finir, sélectionner la plus optimale par rapport à un critère prédéfini. Des résultats simulés et obtenus sur un démonstrateur réel permettent d'analyser les performances obtenues du système face à des scénarios divers et en démontre la pertinence.
36
Posenitskiy, Evgeny. "Dynamique moléculaire non-adiabatique des complexes de type PAH." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30080.
Abstract:
Les hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (PAH) ont été proposés comme porteurs principaux de bandes interstellaires diffuses observées dans le milieu interstellaire, motivant des études approfondies de leur réponse photophysique et photochimique au rayonnement UV. Les mécanismes sous-jacents en compétition déterminent l'évolution du gaz dans le milieu interstellaire. L'objectif principal de cette thèse est de décrire et de comprendre les mécanismes de relaxation dans des PAHs de grande taille, par des simulations de dynamique moléculaire non-adiabatique, couplées à l'approche de la réponse linéaire "Time-Dependent Density Functional based Tight Binding" (TD-DFTB) des états excités. Des développements substantiels, prérequis ont été effectués dans le code DFTB deMon-Nano (http://demon-nano.ups-tlse.fr), d'abord avec le calcul des gradients analytiques des surfaces d'énergie potentielle (PES) et des couplages non-adiabatiques des états TD-DFTB. Puis, l'algorithme de trajectoire à sauts de surface minimaux (FSSH) de Tully a été adapté à l'approche TD-DFTB afin de prendre en compte les effets non-adiabatiques. Après comparaison avec des méthodes de structure électronique de référence, la première application est dédiée à la dynamique non-adiabatique de PAHs cata-condensés linéairement. La relaxation électronique de l'état excité le plus brillant a été simulée pour des polyacènes neutres constitués de 2 à 7 cycles aromatiques. Les résultats montrent une alternance marquée dans les temps de dépopulation de l'état initial pour les polyacènes contenant jusqu'à 6 cycles aromatiques, ce qui est corrélé avec une alternance des écarts d'énergie entre l'état initial et l'état situé juste dessous. Puis, l'influence de la géométrie sur la relaxation a été étudiée en comparant deux isomères, le chrysène de type "armchair-edge" et le tétracène de type "zigzag-edge". Après évaluation des paramétrages DFTB, la relaxation électronique à partir de l'état excité le plus brillant, situé autour de 270 nm pour les deux isomères, à été analysée. Les résultats montrent que la population électronique excitée du chrysène décroît un ordre de grandeur plus rapidement que celle du tétracène. Ceci est aussi corrélé à une différence significative des écarts d'énergie entre l'état initial et l'état situé juste dessous. Un dernier développement majeur concerne l'utilisation d'algorithmes "Machine Learning" (ML) proposés comme un moyen d'éviter la plupart des calculs de structure électronique, très coûteux en temps calcul. Les performances d'algorithmes de réseaux de neurones appliqués à la dynamique des états excités ont été évaluées. Le cas de la relaxation électronique dans le phénanthrène neutre a été choisi comme test en raison de divers résultats expérimentaux disponibles. L'apprentissage de plusieurs réseaux de neurones a été effectué et leurs précision et efficacité analysés. De plus, des approximations de trajectoires à sauts de surface ont été interfacées à l'approche ML, résultant en un coût négligeable des simulations de dynamique non-adiabatique. L'efficacité des diverses approches simplifiées a été comparée à FSSH. Dans l'ensemble, ML se révèle un outil très prometteur pour la dynamique dans les états excités à l'échelle de la nanoseconde. Ce travail de thèse ouvre de nouvelles voies pour étudier la photophysique théorique de complexes moléculaires de grande taille. Enfin, les outils développés et implémentés dans deMon-Nano, de manière modulaire, peuvent être combinés avec d'autres approches DFTB sophistiquées (tel que "Configuration Interaction") plus adaptées aux états à transfert de chargePolycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) have been proposed as main carriers of diffuse interstellar bands that are observed in the interstellar medium. This has motivated an extensive study of their photophysical and photochemical response to UV irradiation. Underlying competing mechanisms drive the evolution of gas in the interstellar medium. The main objective of this thesis is to describe and to get theoretical insight in the energy relaxation mechanisms in large PAH molecules via extensive non-adiabatic molecular dynamics simulations coupled to the linear response Time-Dependent Density Functional based Tight Binding (TD-DFTB) approach of the excited states. Prerequisite substantial development was made in the DFTB deMon-Nano package (http://demon-nano.ups-tlse.fr), firstly with the implementation of analytical gradients of potential energy surfaces (PESs) and of non-adiabatic couplings within the TD-DFTB scheme. Next, the Tully's fewest-switches trajectory surface hopping (FSSH) algorithm has been adapted and coupled to the TD-DFTB scheme in order to take into account non-adiabatic transitions. After detailed methodological considerations and comparison with higher-level electronic structure methods, the first full-scale application is dedicated to non-adiabatic molecular dynamics of linearly cata-condensed PAHs. Electronic relaxation from the brightest excited state has been simulated for neutral polyacenes with 2 to 7 aromatic cycles. The results display a striking alternation in decay times of the brightest singlet state computed for polyacenes with up to 6 aromatic cycles, which is correlated with a qualitatively similar alternation of energy gaps between the brightest state and the state lying just below in energy. Next, the influence of geometry on relaxation has been investigated through the comparison of two isomers: armchair-edge chrysene versus zigzag-edge tetracene. After assessing the performance of DFTB parameter sets, the main focus is given to the analysis of the electronic relaxation from the brightest excited state, which is located around 270 nm for both isomers. The results show that the electronic population of the brightest excited state in chrysene decays an order-of-magnitude faster than that in tetracene. This is correlated with a significant difference in energy gaps between the brightest state and the state lying just below in energy, which is consistent with the previous conclusions for polyacenes. A last major development concerns the use of Machine Learning (ML) algorithms that have been proposed as a way to avoid most of the computationally-demanding electronic structure calculations. It aims to assess the performance of neural networks algorithms applied to excited-state dynamics. Electronic relaxation in neutral phenanthrene has been chosen as a test case due to the diversity of available experimental results. Several neural networks have been trained with different parameters and their respective accuracy and efficiency analyzed. In addition, approximate trajectory surface hopping schemes have been interfaced to ML-based PESs and gradients, resulting in non-adiabatic dynamics simulations at a negligible cost. Various simplified hopping approaches have been compared with FSSH. Overall, ML is found to be a highly promising tool for nanosecond-long molecular dynamics in excited states. This PhD research opens new avenues to investigate theoretical photophysics of large molecular complexes. Last but not least, the theoretical tools developed and implemented in deMon-Nano in a modular way can be further combined with other advanced (such as Configuration Interaction) DFTB techniques better adapted to charge-transfer states
37
Gaborieau, David. "Des usines à colis : trajectoire ouvrière des entrepôts de la grande distribution." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01E058.
Abstract:
Face cachée de la grande distribution, les entrepôts reçoivent les produits des fournisseurs et les distribuent aux magasins. Ils sont rattachés à un secteur relativement méconnu, la logistique, qui s'est progressivement autonomisé pour devenir un acteur majeur, bien que subalterne, des économies contemporaines. Cette thèse étudie les transformations induites par ce positionnement ainsi que les réformes organisationnelles et sociotechniques qui l'ont accompagné et qui ont fait de l'entrepôt une usine à colis dans laquelle des ouvriers produisent le flux. Des trajectoires professionnelles marquées par la contrainte et la pénibilité les amènent à composer avec l'intensification des tâches, le contrôle informatique des procédures, un temps de travail élastique et une rémunération au rendement, au sein d'un univers où il est difficile d'inscrire sa présence dans la durée. Lorsqu'ils revendiquent un attachement au métier ou une volonté de faire carrière, ils se heurtent à une déqualification des postes qui restreint les possibles en entrepôt. Plus que la relation marchande, ce sont des contraintes industrielles auxquels ils se confrontent au quotidien et qu'ils tentent de mettre à distance à défaut de toujours pouvoir les contourner. Dans ce contexte, la résistance des corps constitue une limite dont le dépassement est un enjeu individuel et collectif. La prise en charge informelle de la souffrance implique des équilibres précaires qui engagent l'individu dans et au-delà de son travail, alors que la problématique de santé intégrée à des dispositifs de gestion entraîne l'entrepôt vers un durcissement de la dynamique de rationalisationWarehouses - the hidden side of food retail firms - take in products sent in by suppliers and dispatch them to stores. They are part of a relatively little-known industry, the logistics sector, which progressively developed as an independent sector and became a major player, although subordinate, in contemporary economies. This thesis studies the transformations induced by this singular position as well as its consequent organizational and sociotechnical remodels that made the warehouse into a veritable « package factory » where workers produce the flow of merchandise. The workers' professional trajectories, marked by constraint and drudgery, lead them to cope with the intensification of their tasks, computerized monitoring and oversight of procedures, elastic shifts and hours as well as performance-based remuneration, all taking place in a world where keeping a long-term presence is proving difficult. When workers assert a real attachment to their trade or a desire to stake a career in it, they are confronted with a disqualification of the positions that limits the possibilities inside the warehouse. More than a commercial relationship, what these workers encounter and practice every day are industrial constraints, which they attempt to distance themselves from when they find no way of bypassing them. In this context, the resistance of bodies constitutes a limit, the surpassing of which is an individual and collective stake. The informal treatment of suffering implies some precarious balancing acts engaging the individual in their work as well as beyond, while the health issue, integrated into management mechanisms, is leading warehouses to a hardening of the rationalization -dynamic
38
RUSSO, Stefania. "STUDY OF LARGE PELAGIC FISH LIFE-HISTORY TRAITS IN THE CENTRAL MEDITERRANEAN SEA AND PROJECTION UNDER FUTURE CLIMATE CHANGE SCENARIOS." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/10447/560330.
Abstract:
One of the most sensitive life periods for each species is the first life stages (larval and juvenile). The survival rates of pelagic fish larvae in these phases are usually very low and subject to fluctuations, consequently affecting the recruitment of new generations.
From historical Tuna landing data, the stock's abundance is fluctuating, especially for Atlantic Bluefin Tuna (ABT) (Thunnus thynnus, Linnaeus, 1758) Eastern stock. It is the largest Mediterranean Tuna and one of the most expensive species in the world. Some studies hypothesized that the fluctuations are dictated by environmental factors, particularly in the early life stages.
Therefore, it appears necessary to better understand the reproductive biology, structure of the reproductive population, and the recruitment processes related to the environmental drivers of the Mediterranean Sea. In fact, it is a crucial area for maintaining ABT at a global level. It is essential for the other two species too, which share time and space during spawning in summer and their first life stages: ABT, Albacore Tuna (Thunnus alalunga, Bonnaterre, 1788), and Bullet Tuna (Auxis rochei, Risso, 1810). They carry out an essential ecological role as top predators, are fisheries targets globally, and have a fundamental influence on the structure and function of marine communities. Therefore, their sustainable management is essential and depends on a better understanding of the fish ecology, especially early life-history (LH) traits.
Despite the Strait of Sicily (Central Mediterranean Sea) being an important spawning site for Tuna species, little is known about the relationship between the environmental variables and their larval spatial distribution in this area. Using historical larval collections from seven yearly surveys, in-situ environmental measurements, and satellite data, in this thesis, the interaction between ecological conditions and Tuna LH traits, horizontal distribution and spatial structure of the three Tuna species at the larval stage has been modelled.
A multidisciplinary approach involving lagrangian simulations, species distribution modelling, and morphometric analysis has been used to verify the influence of environmental conditions on the distribution pattern of Tuna spawning and its effects on larval development and, consequently, on their survival probability.
Finally, the potential impacts of the identified main driver have been investigated through forecasting models to determine the Tuna larval habitat patterns under possible future climate change scenarios.
Understanding what influences the growth and survival of individuals among large pelagic fish populations, particularly during the larval stage, is crucial because these factors will eventually determine recruitment variability and the number of survivors that reach the adult stage.
This work aims to improve knowledge of the growth and survival of Tuna larval stages, casting the complex system of the Central Mediterranean Sea in a new light. A site where upwelling, gyres, and fronts play a key role and observations could indicate a meta-population structure in Tuna populations.
Chapter 1 provides an introduction with a background on the topic of study.
Chapter 2 is a work published during my PhD candidate career. It is the basis for the characterization and knowledge of the central Mediterranean larval habitat. The abundance and presence-absence of larval specimens for the three Tuna species were modelled to examine their relationships with environmental factors. The results suggest that temperature, salinity, and day of the year are the key factors for understanding these species' ecological mechanisms and geographical distribution in this area.
In Chapter 3, we look back in time and evaluate the conditions experienced by larvae, starting from their hatching to the point at which we found them. In this way, it was possible to better know the larval habitat and the spawning areas selected by the adults. We hypothesized that the environments experienced along the passive transport period would affect the development of these organisms. It seems helpful to describe not the difference in morphometric measurement but an early or late development. This work also highlighted different spatial patterns between the species.
Finally, in Chapter 4, predictive models have been structured to model recruitment under different future climate change scenarios. Thanks to these models, it was possible to verify how the proportion of species could change. Despite the potential habitat seeming to expand, the abundances do not always follow the same trend. The results of this study can help manage future adult stocks and understand recruitment patterns under different future climate change scenarios. In fact, thermal sensitivity is a fundamental physiological attribute and one of the main reasons for induced changes in natural communities.One of the most sensitive life periods for each species is the first life stages (larval and juvenile). The survival rates of pelagic fish larvae in these phases are usually very low and subject to fluctuations, consequently affecting the recruitment of new generations. From historical Tuna landing data, the stock's abundance is fluctuating, especially for Atlantic Bluefin Tuna (ABT) (Thunnus thynnus, Linnaeus, 1758) Eastern stock. It is the largest Mediterranean Tuna and one of the most expensive species in the world. Some studies hypothesized that the fluctuations are dictated by environmental factors, particularly in the early life stages. Therefore, it appears necessary to better understand the reproductive biology, structure of the reproductive population, and the recruitment processes related to the environmental drivers of the Mediterranean Sea. In fact, it is a crucial area for maintaining ABT at a global level. It is essential for the other two species too, which share time and space during spawning in summer and their first life stages: ABT, Albacore Tuna (Thunnus alalunga, Bonnaterre, 1788), and Bullet Tuna (Auxis rochei, Risso, 1810). They carry out an essential ecological role as top predators, are fisheries targets globally, and have a fundamental influence on the structure and function of marine communities. Therefore, their sustainable management is essential and depends on a better understanding of the fish ecology, especially early life-history (LH) traits. Despite the Strait of Sicily (Central Mediterranean Sea) being an important spawning site for Tuna species, little is known about the relationship between the environmental variables and their larval spatial distribution in this area. Using historical larval collections from seven yearly surveys, in-situ environmental measurements, and satellite data, in this thesis, the interaction between ecological conditions and Tuna LH traits, horizontal distribution and spatial structure of the three Tuna species at the larval stage has been modelled. A multidisciplinary approach involving lagrangian simulations, species distribution modelling, and morphometric analysis has been used to verify the influence of environmental conditions on the distribution pattern of Tuna spawning and its effects on larval development and, consequently, on their survival probability. Finally, the potential impacts of the identified main driver have been investigated through forecasting models to determine the Tuna larval habitat patterns under possible future climate change scenarios. Understanding what influences the growth and survival of individuals among large pelagic fish populations, particularly during the larval stage, is crucial because these factors will eventually determine recruitment variability and the number of survivors that reach the adult stage. This work aims to improve knowledge of the growth and survival of Tuna larval stages, casting the complex system of the Central Mediterranean Sea in a new light. A site where upwelling, gyres, and fronts play a key role and observations could indicate a meta-population structure in Tuna populations. Chapter 1 provides an introduction with a background on the topic of study. Chapter 2 is a work published during my PhD candidate career. It is the basis for the characterization and knowledge of the central Mediterranean larval habitat. The abundance and presence-absence of larval specimens for the three Tuna species were modelled to examine their relationships with environmental factors. The results suggest that temperature, salinity, and day of the year are the key factors for understanding these species' ecological mechanisms and geographical distribution in this area. In Chapter 3, we look back in time and evaluate the conditions experienced by larvae, starting from their hatching to the point at which we found them. In this way, it was possible to better know the larval habitat and the spawning areas selected by the adults. We hypothesized that the environments experienced along the passive transport period would affect the development of these organisms. It seems helpful to describe not the difference in morphometric measurement but an early or late development. This work also highlighted different spatial patterns between the species. Finally, in Chapter 4, predictive models have been structured to model recruitment under different future climate change scenarios. Thanks to these models, it was possible to verify how the proportion of species could change. Despite the potential habitat seeming to expand, the abundances do not always follow the same trend. The results of this study can help manage future adult stocks and understand recruitment patterns under different future climate change scenarios. In fact, thermal sensitivity is a fundamental physiological attribute and one of the main reasons for induced changes in natural communities.
39
Lamberti, Eliana. "Regulação e reprodução do sistema socioeconômico : análise da trajetória do desenvolvimento paraguaio." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/49857.
Abstract:
Este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar as especificidades da economia paraguaia no contexto latino-americano, explorando sua complexidade socioeconômica. A relevância do tema deve-se à ausência de estudos rigorosos sobre a economia paraguaia, e à proximidade física entre Brasil e Paraguai que resulta em pontos de interseção histórica e econômica entre esses dois países. Portanto, a proposta é estudar o desenvolvimento socioeconômico do Paraguai a partir de suas estruturas econômicas e sociais. A hipótese é de que a evolução do ambiente institucional do Paraguai é responsável por seu atraso econômico e a passagem para o regime democrático não significou mudanças qualitativas. A escola regulacionista e institucionalista, a teoria do subdesenvolvimento e da dependência são os arcabouços teóricos que orientam a análise proposta, a qual foi realizada a partir de estudos bibliográficos e de levantamento de dados secundários. A histórica instabilidade política, o autoritarismo, os conflitos bélicos, a paralisia social e as limitadas alternativas de crescimento econômico materializaram-se na Estrutura Social Autoritária de Acumulação. Essa lógica capitalista em território paraguaio esteve conformada por um Estado oligárquico e autoritário, grupos econômicos privilegiados, crescente precarização das relações trabalhistas, certa estabilidade monetária e no contexto do comércio internacional, acirra-se a especialização no setor agroindustrial e no comércio de reexportação. As décadas finais do século XX indicam não apenas uma profunda crise socioeconômica, mas também a necessidade e emergência de mudanças estruturais haja vista a imposição democrática em curso. Como resultado, o estudo aponta que o Paraguai apresenta diferenças importantes nos aspectos socioeconômicos em relação aos países vizinhos, e por isso, sua trajetória de desenvolvimento correspondeu a resultados distintos de modo que não é possível incluir o Paraguai em análises gerais sobre a América Latina.This work aims to analyze the specificities of the Paraguayan economy in the Latin American context, exploring its socio-economic complexity. The relevance of the theme is due to the absence of rigorous studies on the Paraguayan economy and, to the physical proximity between Brazil and Paraguay, which results in economical and historical points of intersection between these two countries. Therefore, the proposal is to study the socioeconomic development of Paraguay from its social and economic structures. The hypothesis is that the evolution of the institutional environment of Paraguay is responsible for its economic delay and for the transition to democratic regime, which did not result in qualitative changes. The regulationist and institutionalist schools, the theory of underdevelopment and the theory of dependence are the theoretical frameworks that guide the proposed analysis, which was held based on bibliographic studies and on secondary data collection. The historic political instability, the authoritarianism, the military conflicts, the social paralysis and the limited alternatives for economic growth have been materialized in the Authoritative Social Structure of Accumulation. This capitalist logic in the Paraguayan territory was made by an authoritarian and oligarchic State, by privileged economic groups, by growing precariousness of labor relations, by some monetary stability and in the context of international trade, all these aspects have made it extremely necessary to specialize the agro-industrial sector and the re-export trade. The final decades of the 20th century indicate not only a deep socio-economic crisis, but also the need for the emergency of structural changes owing to the ongoing democratic imposition. As a result, the study points out that Paraguay presents important differences in socioeconomic aspects in relation to its neighboring countries. Hence, its trajectory of development corresponded to distinct results so it is not possible to include Paraguay in the general analysis about Latin America.
40
Cosson, Arnaud. "Réformateurs au quotidien : approche sociologique du travail de réforme dans la mise en œuvre d’une nouvelle loi sur les parcs nationaux." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014IEPP0031/document.
Abstract:
Au croisement de la sociologie du changement institutionnel, du travail administratif et de l’action publique environnementale, notre thèse appréhende de façon originale la question de l’autonomie du réformateur à partir d’un suivi ethnographique sur six ans du travail quotidien de cadres intermédiaires de l’administration responsables de la mise en œuvre d’une réforme des politiques territoriales de la nature : les directeurs de parcs nationaux. Après avoir démontré empiriquement, puis théoriquement à partir de leurs spécificités, l’inertie institutionnelle particulièrement forte de ces politiques publiques, nous soutenons la thèse suivante : même dans un contexte fortement contraint, l’autonomie du réformateur existe mais n'est jamais donnée ni acquise. Elle dépend étroitement de la pratique quotidienne du travail de réforme. Le réformateur doit la construire et l’entretenir. Certaines phases de la trajectoire de transformation institutionnelle s’avèrent cruciales pour cela : son démarrage et de courtes parenthèses où le réformateur peut travailler à ce que la dynamique du processus de réforme lui-même contraste fortement avec l’inertie de la politique publique. La gestion du processus de réforme, plus que sa substance, est ainsi au cœur de la construction de l’autonomie du réformateur et de l’ouverture d’une trajectoire d’innovation. Nous en montrons les modalités pratiques autour d’un travail d’interprétation, de composition et de modélisation par lequel la lecture de l’action en cours se fait de plus en plus à travers le prisme de l’expérience collective récente (de mise en œuvre de la réforme) et moins à travers celui de l’histoire lointaine sur lequel se fonde l’inertie institutionnelleOur research work brings together sociology of institutional change, studies of administrative work and studies of environmental policies. Drawing on a six years ethnographical study, we document the daily activities of directors of national parks (i.e. middle managers in French administration) in charge of implementing in new law to reform this nature conservation policy. We address the issue of reformer’s autonomy. We demonstrate empirically, then theoretically, that national parks, and more generally nature conservation policies, features high institutional inertia. Then we argue that, even in a context including strong constraints, reformers have autonomy. Yet autonomy is never pre-given nor can be taken for granted. It closely depends on reformers’ daily practices. Reformers need to build and to maintain their autonomy. Certain stages in institutional change linked to the implementation of the reform are critical to achieve this : the beginning of the reform process and then short periods when reformers can work to ensure that the dynamics of the reform process itself depart strongly from the usual inertia mechanisms of the public policy. Thus, the management of the reform process, more than its substance, is at the heart of the building of reformers’ autonomy and opens up a space for institutional innovation. We document the practical modalities of reformers’ work of interpretation, of composition and of modeling which contribute to the fact that ongoing action is increasingly being considered through the lens of the recent collective experience (since the beginning of the reform) rather than through the lens of the distant history on which institutional inertia is based
41
Vanness, Pamela Myers. "Life Chances and Life Choices: Female Employee Perceptions of a University Tuition Waiver." Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1260480254.
42
Vrillon, Eléonore. "De l'égalité formelle aux usages réels : déterminants et effets du suivi des MOOC dans les trajectoires socio-professionnelles." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCH014/document.
Abstract:
L’éducation et la formation sont des institutions centrales de notre société. Garantes de l’intégration sociale et professionnelle des individus, elles ont aussi été érigées en piliers stratégiques du dynamisme économique dans la « société de la connaissance » (CE, 2000). Pour autant, bien que porteuses des valeurs démocratiques, elles sont le lieu d’observation de nombreuses inégalités, tant en formation initiale que professionnelle. Dans un contexte de précarisation du marché du travail, où le diplôme est nécessaire mais ne semble plus suffire pour assurer une intégration professionnelle stable, l’essor des Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) questionne. À partir d’une enquête mixte longitudinale, cette recherche s’est attachée à répondre à la problématique générale suivante : dans quelle mesure l’égalité formelle d’accès aux MOOC se traduit-elle par une égalité des chances pour les individus de les utiliser, d’y réussir et d’en tirer des bénéfices (objectifs et subjectifs) ? Cette étude des usages sociaux des MOOC et de leurs effets dans les trajectoires individuelles a été réalisée à partir de l’analyse de 5709 réponses d’inscrits au sein de 12 MOOC de France Université Numérique (FUN), réinterrogés un an plus tard (n=1778), et de 32 entretiens. Arguant en faveur d’une reproduction sociale des inégalités d’accès, les résultats montrent que l’égalité formelle d’accès ne suffit pas à une appropriation par tous de ces ressources. Ces usages restent principalement le fait d’individus détenant un capital humain élevé, bénéficiant d’une « insertion professionnelle assurée » (Paugam, 2007[2000]), coutumiers de la formation professionnelle et ayant d’intenses pratiques culturelles. Plus qu’une nouvelle voie d’accès à la formation, les MOOC semblent constituer un moyen supplémentaire, nécessitant des prérequis implicites. Pour autant, la construction d’une typologie d’usage a permis de mettre au jour que les MOOC peuvent constituer, même pour ces derniers, une réelle opportunité de formation. Majoritairement saisis dans un rapport a priori désintéressé de loisirs culturels, ils sont aussi utilisés pour satisfaire des objectifs formatifs variés. Ces six registres d’usage sont par ailleurs plus faiblement déterminés. L’évaluation de la réussite, lorsque les critères de l’achèvement et de la certification sont pertinents, met en évidence, pour ces individus favorisés, une égalité des chances d’y parvenir. Bien que ces usages sociaux n’aient, à court terme, aucun effet objectivable sur les trajectoires socio-professionnelles, ils sont porteurs de bénéfices plus subjectifs. Selon les particularités et la temporalité des « parcours biographiques » (Bourdon, 2010), ils participent au développement des identités personnelles et professionnelles ainsi qu’à une amélioration du vécu de certaines transitions. Loin de concurrencer en France le rôle des diplômes dans les parcours sociaux, les MOOC semblent plutôt en constituer un nouveau halo et participer à l’avènement d’une ère du signalement tout au long de la vieEducation and vocational training are central institutions in today’s society. They play an important role in guaranteeing people’s social and professional integration. They are also considered strategic pillars of economic growth in “the knowledge society” (CE, 2000). However, despite their basis in democratic values and principles, there are still many inequalities in access and outcomes in both compulsory academic and vocational education. Moreover, because of the increasing flexibility and insecurity of work in the current labor market, a diploma is a necessary, but not sufficient, condition for stable employment. In this context, the rise of Massive Open Online Courses (MOOC) raises questions about their contribution to the educational aims of equality and efficacy. Based on a mixed-methods approach, this thesis addresses the following research problem: To what extent does the formal equality of MOOC give people equal opportunities to use them, succeed in them, and earn tangible and subjective benefits? The analyses are carried out on data collected from 5709 people enrolled in 12 MOOC on the FUN platform, interviewed again one year later (n=1778), and on 32 interviews. Results show that the use of MOOC seems to reproduce social inequalities in educational access. Indeed, the people who enroll already have high levels of human capital and highly stable and qualified employment; furthermore, they are accustomed to professional training and have intense cultural practices. Rather than acting as a new way to access education and training for underserved people, MOOC seem to be a new resource for privileged individuals, and access to them appears to require implicit prerequisites. However, the typology of MOOC uses shows that even for these people, MOOC can be an additional training opportunity. Mainly used for disinterested purposes, such as “edutainment” or cultural interest, they are also real training and educational supports. Nevertheless, these types of uses are not strongly determined. When achievement and certification are used as indicators to assess the success of these social uses, results show no social inequalities in outcomes. However, at least in the short term, participating in a MOOC does not have any tangible impact on professional careers: Rather, their effects are subjective. Considering the “biographical path” of these people (Bourdon, 2010), I find that they use MOOC both to sustain individual and professional identities and to facilitate social transitions. Instead of competing with the role played by diplomas in France, MOOC seem to be a new “halo” of these educational credentials, participating in the development of the need to acquire skills throughout one’s career and reinforcing the trend towards life-long learning
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De, Moraes Rocha Katiane. "Une étude des effets du travail documentaire et collectif sur le développement professionnel des enseignants de mathématiques : apport des concepts d'expérience et de trajectoire documentaires." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEN014/document.
Abstract:
La thèse traite de la construction d’expérience, en France, par les professeurs de mathématiques quand ils interagissent avec les ressources de leur enseignement tout au long de leur carrière. Elle s’intéresse plus particulièrement à l’impact de l’introduction de l’enseignement de l’algorithmique et de la programmation au collège -proposée par la réforme de 2016- sur leur travail documentaire. Pour cette étude, nous proposons un cadre théorique qui s’appuie sur l’approche documentaire du didactique et sur la didactique professionnelle. Nous nous intéressons aux événements (liés au travail individuel et/ou collectif) qui sont porteurs de transformation sur le travail documentaire des enseignants au cours du temps, en introduisant les concepts de trajectoire et d’expérience documentaires. Nous avons développé un cadre méthodologique inspiré des principes de l’investigation réflexive. Nous avons ainsi suivi deux enseignantes (à mi-carrière) au collège :Anna et Viviane. Les deux enseignantes ont été choisies pour leurs profils contrastés par rapport au travail collectif. L’étude met en évidence que les enseignantes interagissent de façon très différente avec les ressources et leurs trajectoires documentaires aident à comprendre ce qui est sous-jacent à ces différences. Enfin, elle met en évidence le potentiel du travail collectif pour le développement professionnel des enseignants, en particulier pour faire face aux changements curriculairesThe thesis deals with the construction of experience, in France, by mathematics teachers when they interact with the resources of their teaching throughout their career. It is particularly interested in the impact of the introduction of algorithmics and programming -proposed by the 2016 reform -on their documentational work. For this study, we propose a theoretical framework based on the documentational approach to didactics and on the professional didactics. We are interested in events (related to individual and / or collective work) that have the potential to transform teachers’ documentational work over time, introducing the concepts of documentational trajectory and experience. We have developed a methodological framework inspired by the principles of reflective investigation. We followed then two middle schools mid-career teachers: Anna and Viviane. The two teachers were chosen for their contrasted profiles in relation to the collective work. The study highlights that teachers interact in a very different way with resources and their documentational trajectories help to understand what is behind these differences. Finally, it highlights the potential of collective work for the professional development of teachers, in particular to cope with curriculum changes
A tese trata da construção da experiência por professores de matemática, na França, quando eles interagem com os recursos para preparar o seu ensino durante toda carreira profissional. Ela se interessa particularmente pelo impacto da introdução do ensino de algoritmo e da programação no ensino fundamental -proposta pela reforma de 2016- sobre o trabalho documental dos professores. Para este estudo, propomos um referencial teórico baseado na abordagem documental do didático e da didática profissional. Estamos interessados em eventos (relacionados ao trabalho individual e/ou coletivo) que transformam o trabalho documental dos professores 8 ao longo do tempo, introduzindo para isso os conceitos de trajetória e experiência documentais. Desenvolvemos um quadro metodológico inspirado nos princípios da investigação reflexiva. Nós seguimos assim duas professoras (em meio de carreira) do ensino fundamental: Anna e Viviane. As duas professoras foram escolhidas por seus perfis diferentes em relação ao trabalho coletivo. O estudo mostra que as professoras interagem de forma diferente com os recursos e que suas trajetórias documentais ajudam a entender o que está por trás dessas diferenças. Finalmente, a tese destaca o potencial do trabalho coletivo para o desenvolvimento profissional dos professores, em particular para lidar com as mudanças curriculares
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Noordhuis-Fairfax, Sarina. "Field | Guide: John Berger and the diagrammatic exploration of place." Phd thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/154278.
Abstract:
Positioned between writing and drawing, the diagram is proposed by John Berger as an alternative strategy for articulating encounters with landscape. A diagrammatic approach offers a schematic vocabulary that can compress time and offer a spatial reading of information. Situated within the contemporary field of direct data visualisation, my practice-led research interprets Berger’s ‘Field’ essay as a guide to producing four field | studies within a suburban park in Canberra. My seasonal investigations demonstrate how applying the conventions of the pictorial list, dot-distribution map, routing diagram and colour-wheel reveals subtle ecological and biographical narratives.
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Duverge, kenderly Cling Jester, and 杜肯德. "The Development Trajectory of Readiness for Environmental Change: An Academic Papers Citation Network Analysis." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/bjpvzm.
Abstract:
碩士元智大學
經營管理碩士班(國際企業學程)
106
This study is a tentative to identify the overall development trajectory of readiness for environmental change. the areas of study are business and management, decision science and economics. In this study, 2949 academic papers are analyzed by two major citation network technics: Edge-betweeness clustering and Key-route main path. Four important topics have been identified: 1) Consumer willingness to pay for organic and eco-friendly products, 2) Valuation of environmental goods, 3) Contingent valuation method, 4) Green consumerism and consumer environmental behavior. The results show that the contingent Valuation is the base of readiness for environmental change, this method is used to value environmental goods and eco-friendly products. The results also show that climate change will likely be a new track of research in readiness for environmental change.
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Badat, Saleem. "The trajectory, dynamics, determinants and nature of institutional change in post-1994 South African higher education." 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006568.
Abstract:
Introduction: The institutional change agenda in post-1994 South African higher education has been extensive in its objects, ambitious in its goals, and far-reaching in nature. Given its scope, it is not possible here to critically analyse change in all its dimensions or in all arenas. Instead, this paper confines itself to analysing the trajectory, dynamics, outcomes and determinants of institutional change in South African higher education since 1994, and concludes with observations on the nature of change.Higher Education Close Up 4 : University of Cape Town, Breakwater Conference Centre, 26-28 June 2008
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Tsan, Ya-Hui, and 詹雅惠. "Exploring the change in quality of life of patients newly diagnosed with head and neck cancer across the cancer trajectory." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/79573h.
Abstract:
碩士國立陽明大學
臨床護理研究所
105
Background: Head and neck cancer is the fifth cancer incidence in Taiwan. It often occurs in the middle-aged, male adults with a negative impact on the family and society. Once the cancer diagnosis is established, the treatment may include surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and target therapy. Side effects from cancer and its treatment may affect patients’ appearance, swallowing, speaking, and breathing functioning. The aforementioned cause patients’ symptom burden and decline their quality of life (QOL). However, evidence shows that hope may help patients maintaining their QOL through a better adjustment from the limitation and threatening of cancer. Lot of cross-sectional studies explore the QOL in head and neck cancer, but still few longitudinal studies discover the QOL change and its predictors across the cancer trajectory. Purpose: The primary objective of this study was to investigate the predictors of QOL change in patients with head and neck cancer from the diagnosis to completion of treatment. The secondary one was to understand the trends of symptom burden, hope and the QOL in these patients. Methods: This was a longitudinal design with purposive sampling study. A total of 62 patients newly diagnosed with oral cancer, oropharyngeal cancer, hypopharyngeal cancer or laryngeal cancer done with the first concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) were recruited form a medical center located in Taipei. The demographic and medical information sheets, M.D. Anderson Symptom Inventory, Herth Hope Index, and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Head and Neck Cancer Scale were collected. The four measurement time points were as followings; before the CCRT (T1), the 3rd to 4th week after treatment (T2), one week after the end of treatment (T3), and one month after the end of treatment (T4). Data were analyzed with SPSS 22.0 for Window software package utilizing of descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The majority of participants were male (90.3%) with an average age of 53.29 (SD=7.98) years old. Results indicated that types of diagnosis (F=3.52, p=0.04) and surgery (F=4.43, p=0.01) significantly influence the T1 QOL. The target therapy (t=2.61, p=0.01) significantly impacts on the T2 QOL. A negative correlation between symptom burden and the QOL was detected at T1-T4. While, a positive correlation between hope and the QOL was detected at T1-T4. The trend of symptom burden was raised first and then declined. However, the trends of hope and QOL were declined first and then raised. The predictors of QOL change were the employee status (β=-4.48, p=0.006), the change of symptom burden (β=-0.47, p<0.001), and the change of hope (β=0.60, p<0.001). Couclusions: Results of this study provided the information regarding the QOL change and its predictors in patients with head and neck cancer across the cancer trajectory. The predictors of QOL change were the employee status, the change of symptom burden, and the change of hope. In order to help patients complete the entire cancer treatment successfully, the supreme patient education and interdisciplinary cooperation care should be employed during the cancer trajectory. Maintaining a positive sense of hope would improve one’s QOL and with the help in completion of cancer treatment.
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Lin, Yu-Shun, and 林毓珣. "Evalution of the concentration change of PM10 and Primary pollutants during 1996~2005 in Central and Southern Taiwan by the Gaussian trajectory Model." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/79631905053141851493.
Abstract:
碩士國立中興大學
環境工程學系所
95
This research took the renewed pollutant emission data from the Taiwan Emission Data System 5.1 (TEDS5.1), a system developed by the EPA (Environmental Protection Administration Executive Yuan,R.O.C) entrusted CTCI Corporation, with EPA air monitoring stations in Toufen, Miaoli, Fonyuan, Shalu, Chumin, Changhwa, Jhushan, Douliou, Chiayi, Annan, Meinong, and Nanzih and private monitoring stations in Taisi, Mailiao, and Tuku as Receptor, the back trajectory simulation was conducted base on the Gaussian trajectory transfer-coefficient model system. The comparison between the actually observed pollutant concentration and the simulated value enable us to explore changes of suspended particles in the south-central area and primary pollutants and analyzing causes for air pollution. The model simulation results had shown higher PM10 simulation capabilities for the GTx trajectory model. However, higher deviations can be generally observed between the simulated and the actual results; hence there were more to consider about and also rooms for improvements. For changes in concentration, the average concentration changes for the suspended particles and primary pollutants were decreasing during periods of 1996~1998 and 2003~2005 before and after the renewed TEDS emission data. Looking from the comparison between changes of monitoring results and simulation results, the SO2 concentration was increasing and positively correlated to the influences in the Yunlin area after TEDS had introduced the Sixth Naphtha Cracking Project and renewed emissions of partial point and radiation sources; other pollutants had on the other hand, did not exhibit the same positive trend. It was assumed that with no consideration in weather variation and photochemical reaction, the causes for concentration changes for both suspended particles and primary pollutants were local emissions of pollutants in different areas. Key words: emission, model simulation, air quality
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HUANG, YU-HSUAN, and 黃宥瑄. "Influential Factors Associated with Migraine Disability and Characteristics of Pain and Trajectory of Migraine Disability and its Change Trends among Patients with Migraine." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/28454831337299059669.
Abstract:
碩士國防醫學院
護理研究所
104
Background: Migraine is a common health problem. More than 14.2% of adults over 18 years old have terrible experience with migraine or severe headache. The most common causes of migraine disability were characteristics of pain including pain intensity, duration, and frequency. Also, migraine disability may be affected by time. The purpose of this study is to assess the relationship of migraine disability and characteristics of pain , examine developmental trajectory patterns of migraine disability among migraineurs and determine the relative risks in explaining the trajectories patterns of migraine disability. Methods: The study was an observational longitudinal study with a 3-month and 6-month follow-up. One hundred and twenty-seven migraineurs (78.7% in women and 21.3% in men) were recruited in this study. Data was obtained from a neurology clinic of hospital center in northern Taiwan. Participants diagnosed migraine with/without aura were asked to complete the questionnaires including demographic features, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS). SPSS 20.0 software package for descriptive statistical analysis and generalized estimating equation, latent class growth model, and multiple logistic regression analysis for inferential statistical analysis were used. P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Migraine disability were associated with gender, pain intensity, duration, frequency and using prevent agents; suzin could significantly reduce migraine disability than other preventive agents; the migraine disability can be divided into three trajectory patterns, flat decrease without disability group (47.9%), moderate decrease with mild disability group (45.8%), and sharp decrease with severe disability group (6.3%); In comparison with the “flat decrease without disability group”, “moderate decrease with mild disability group” was related to family history of migraine, menstruation, pain intensity, duration, frequency, taking painkillers days, and using prevent agents; In comparison with the “flat decrease without disability group”, “sharp decrease with severe disability group” was related to the total number of comorbidities, duration, taking painkillers days, anxiety, depression, and sleep quality. Conclusions: These findings can be used as reference for help health care workers to identify high-risk group of migraine disability trajectory, and be able to provide appropriate medical care and treatments.
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Tzou, Wei-Lun, and 鄒韋倫. "Evalution of the concentration change of PM10 and primary of pollution from specific sources of pollution in central Taiwan by the Gaussian trajectory model." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/53647819935898834069.
Abstract:
碩士國立中興大學
環境工程學系所
99
This research took the renewed pollutant emission data from the Taiwan Emission Data System 5.1、6.1、7.0(TEDS5.1 and TEDS6.1, TEDS7.0)Through the testing of EPA air monitoring stations in Fengyuan, Shalu, Chung Ming, Dali, Xitun, Erlin, Changhua, Nantou, the trajectory simulation was able to conduct base on the Gaussian trajectory transfer-coefficient model system. Thus, the comparison between the actual observed pollutant concentration and the simulated results enable us to explore changes of air quality, and the influence of having strict regulations on Industries. Due to the comparison between the actual observed pollutant concentration and the simulated results, we can find out the simulated results in Chung Ming, Xitun, Erlin, Changhua meet the needs of requirements better. Furthermore, the particulate has the best condition in the integrated simulated results of all pollutants, and the year of 2009 had best met the needs of requirements using the Emission Data System TEDS7.0, and then followed by SO2. There were more significant result for the Kwong Yuen Paper Co. which mainly pollutes and has impacts on the areas of Fengyuan, Shalu, Zhongming stations. Owing to adding the facility of new flue gas desulphurization equipment, the pollution source in 2004 to 2009 was substantially reduced comparing to the previous years. Compare the emissions of 1999 and 2009, we can understand the emissions of the year of 2009 is more then the year of 1999.The observations have some results in SO2、NOx and pm10 there were Increase in emissions. Through that we can kown the air quality were even worse then year of 1999.