Academic literature on the topic 'Change propagation'

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Journal articles on the topic "Change propagation"

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Clarkson, P. John, Caroline Simons, and Claudia Eckert. "Predicting Change Propagation in Complex Design." Journal of Mechanical Design 126, no. 5 (September 1, 2004): 788–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1765117.

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In redesign and design for customization, products are changed. During this process a change to one part of the product will, in most cases, result in changes to other parts. The prediction of such change provides a significant challenge in the management of redesign and customization of complex products where many change propagation paths may be possible. This paper reports on an analysis of change behavior based on a case study in Westland Helicopters of rotorcraft design; the development of mathematical models to predict the risk of change propagation in terms of likelihood and impact of change; and the development of a prototype computer support tool to calculate such information for a specific product. With knowledge of likely change propagation paths and their impact on the delivery of the product, design effort can be directed towards avoiding change to “expensive” sub-systems and, where possible, allowing change where it is easier to implement while still achieving the overall changes required.
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You, Chun-Fong, and Shen-Chou Yeh. "Engineering Change Propagation System using STEP." Concurrent Engineering 10, no. 4 (December 1, 2002): 349–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/a030348.

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Reducing the time for engineering changes can greatly shorten a product's life cycle and improve the productivity of enterprises. This work proposes an approach to engineering change propagation between CAD and product data management (PDM) systems. A system for modeling and triggering changes of models of engineering data, geometries, and features, using STEP AP 214 and AP224, is developed. A change in CAD and PDM systems can propagate along a defined path and trigger a rule by which data of another system are changed. The proposed engineering change propagation (ECP) system provides a flexible, virtually integrated framework to enable engineering change. Affected items and propagation sequences of engineering changes are inferred with the help of an ECP network. Engineering change issued between a STEP-based solid modeling system and a PDM system is implemented and discussed to demonstrate the capability of the ECP system. Change in the feature parameters of a CAD system is propagated and the relevant data, defined in the ECP network, are triggered. Enterprises can use the ECP system to integrate various information systems, such as CAx, PDM, CAPP, ERP, and others, and facilitate collaborative engineering using a virtual framework, to promote competition.
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YU, LIGUO, and STEPHEN R. SCHACH. "APPLYING ASSOCIATION MINING TO CHANGE PROPAGATION." International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering 18, no. 08 (December 2008): 1043–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218194008004008.

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A software system evolves as changes are made to accommodate new features and repair defects. Software components are frequently interdependent, so changes made to one component can result in changes having to be made to other components to ensure that the system remains consistent; this is called change propagation. Accurate detection of change propagation is essential for software maintenance, which can be aided by accurate prediction of change propagation. In this paper, we study change propagation in three leading open-source software products: Linux, FreeBSD, and Apache HTTP Server. We use association rules-based data-mining techniques to detect change-propagation rules from the product version history. These rules are evaluated with respect to different training data sets and different test data sets. We discuss the applicability of using association-rule mining for change propagation, and several related issues. We find that a challenging issue in association-rule mining, concept drift, exists in software systems. Concept drift complicates the task of change-propagation prediction and requires special approaches, different from currently-used techniques for predicting change propagation.
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Kurt, Mehmet Necip, and Xiaodong Wang. "Multisensor Sequential Change Detection With Unknown Change Propagation Pattern." IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems 55, no. 3 (June 2019): 1498–518. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/taes.2018.2873067.

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Zhang, Hai-Zhu, Guo-Fu Ding, Rong Li, Sheng-Feng Qin, and Kai-Yin Yan. "Design Change Model for Effective Scheduling Change Propagation Paths." Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 30, no. 5 (July 27, 2017): 1081–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10033-017-0169-2.

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Wang, Yang, and Gui Jiang Duan. "Engineering Change Propagation Analysis Based on Linkage Model in Complex Product Development." Applied Mechanics and Materials 271-272 (December 2012): 887–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.271-272.887.

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To handle change propagations during complex product development, an analysis framework based on linkage model was proposed. Firstly linkage was defined to encapsulate the relations among product characteristics, and methods of linkage identification from multi-dimensions and linkage model construction were given. Then how to identify change propagation paths step by step in open scene and how to identify change propagation paths with improved mouse maze algorithm in closed scene were discussed. In the following a quantitative evaluation method of change impact risk was advanced. Finally an example of carrier robot moving structure design change was provided to validate this method.
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Wang, Rongcun, Rubing Huang, and Binbin Qu. "Network-Based Analysis of Software Change Propagation." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/237243.

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The object-oriented software systems frequently evolve to meet new change requirements. Understanding the characteristics of changes aids testers and system designers to improve the quality of softwares. Identifying important modules becomes a key issue in the process of evolution. In this context, a novel network-based approach is proposed to comprehensively investigate change distributions and the correlation between centrality measures and the scope of change propagation. First, software dependency networks are constructed at class level. And then, the number of times of cochanges among classes is minded from software repositories. According to the dependency relationships and the number of times of cochanges among classes, the scope of change propagation is calculated. Using Spearman rank correlation analyzes the correlation between centrality measures and the scope of change propagation. Three case studies on java open source software projects Findbugs, Hibernate, and Spring are conducted to research the characteristics of change propagation. Experimental results show that (i) change distribution is very uneven; (ii) PageRank, Degree, and CIRank are significantly correlated to the scope of change propagation. Particularly, CIRank shows higher correlation coefficient, which suggests it can be a more useful indicator for measuring the scope of change propagation of classes in object-oriented software system.
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Liu, Pei Zhi, Wei Yan Chai, and Jun Ji. "Engineering Change Propagation in Collaboration Environment." Applied Mechanics and Materials 271-272 (December 2012): 897–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.271-272.897.

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Engineering change is an important and complex activity for manufacturing enterprises. In order to improve the efficiency of engineering change, we proposed a method of EC propagation in collaboration environment. First, we analyzed the method of creating the knowledge database; then, studied the way knowledge sharing in collaboration; furthermore, proposed a algorithm change propagation in collaboration environment; finally, a created a system based on the method above and the experiment of managing a type of military vehicle engine was employed to validate our method and it showed the correctness of the proposed method.
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You, Chun-Fong, and Shen-Chou Yeh. "Engineering Change Propagation System using STEP." Concurrent Engineering 10, no. 4 (December 1, 2002): 349–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/106329302129140241.

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Cheng, Yifeng, Lu Wang, and Tim Li. "Causes of Interdecadal Increase in the Intraseasonal Rainfall Variability over Southern China around the Early 1990s." Journal of Climate 33, no. 21 (November 1, 2020): 9481–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-20-0047.1.

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AbstractThe southern China (SC) summer rainfall exhibits prominent intraseasonal variability, which exhibits a significant increase in the early 1990s with the turning point at 1993. The SC intraseasonal rainfall events could be divided into three categories according to different propagations, including the southward-propagating (SP) events, the northwestward-propagating (NWP) events, and the northward-propagating (NP) events. This study explores the causes of the observed interdecadal increase in the intraseasonal rainfall variability over SC by comparing the SC intraseasonal rainfall events of each category between the former decadal period (P1) and the later decadal period (P2). The result indicates that such interdecadal change is due to the more frequent NP events coming from the South China Sea (SCS). Based on the moisture and vorticity budget analysis, it is revealed that the summer mean southerly wind in the middle to lower troposphere is the dominant factor of the northward propagation over the SCS, as it could induce positive meridional moisture and vorticity advection anomalies ahead of the convection. A marked interdecadal enhancement of the summer mean southerly wind over the SCS is the cause of more frequent occurrence of NP events over SC, as it provides more favorable conditions for the northward propagation. The change of the atmospheric instability over the SCS where the NP convection perturbation originates was also investigated, but no significant change was found.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Change propagation"

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Giffin, Monica L. (Monica Lee). "Change propagation in large technical systems." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/42351.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, System Design and Management Program, 2007.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 76-77).
Propagation of engineering changes has gained increasing scrutiny as the complexity and scale of engineered systems has increased. Over the past decade academic interest has risen, yielding some small-scale in-depth studies, as well as a variety of tools aimed at aiding investigation, analysis and prediction of change propagation. This thesis applies many of the methods and seeks to apply and extend prior reasoning through examination of a large data set from industry, including data from more than 41,000 change requests (most technical, but others not) over nearly a decade. Different methods are used to analyze the data from a variety of perspectives, in both the technical and managerial realms, and the results are compared to each other and evaluated in the context of previous findings. Macro-level patterns emerge independent of smaller scale data patterns, and in many cases offer clear implications for technical management approaches for large, complex systems development.
by Monica L. Giffin.
S.M.
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Pasqual, Michael C. "Multilayer network modeling of change propagation for engineering change management." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/62481.

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Thesis (S.M. in Technology and Policy)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, Technology and Policy Program; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2010.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 141-143).
Engineering change management is a critical and challenging process within product development. One pervasive source of difficulty for this process is the phenomenon of change propagation, by which a change to one part or element of a design requires additional changes throughout the product. Research efforts to understand and manage change propagation have largely drawn on network analysis. This thesis builds upon past research by introducing a multilayer network model that incorporates three proposed layers, or domains, that contribute to change propagation: namely, the product layer, change layer, and social layer. Each layer contains a distinct network of nodes and intralayer edges, but also connects to the other two layers through inter-layer dependencies. The model facilitates extensive quantitative analysis of change propagation using a repository of single-layer, double-layer, and triple-layer tools and metrics. A case study of a large technical program, which managed over 41,000 change requests in eight years, is employed to demonstrate the practical utility of the model. Most significantly, the case study explores the program's social layer and discovers a real-world correspondence between an engineer's organizational role and the propagation effects of his or her work, as measured by the newly proposed Engineer Change Propagation Index (Engineer-CPI). The case study also reveals that parent-child propagation often spanned more than one, but never more than three, system interfaces, thus confirming the possibility of indirect propagation. Finally, the study finds that propagation always stopped after five, and rarely more than four, generations of descendants. In all, the multilayer network model's holistic approach has significant policy implications for engineering change management in industry.
by Michael C. Pasqual.
S.M.
S.M.in Technology and Policy
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Keller, René. "Predicting change propagation : algorithms, representations, software tools." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.443494.

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Gonzalez, Marco A. "A new change propagation metric to assess software evolvability." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/44607.

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The development of software-intensive systems faces many challenges; one of the most important from an economic perspective is to reduce their maintenance costs. This thesis proposes a modified change propagation metric as a tool to assist the analysis of evolvability and maintainability of a software system and to ultimately support the reduction of its maintenance cost. The technical complexity of software systems has a great impact on their ability to make increased functionality and adaptability to the environment possible. One approach to understand and master the complexity of large software systems, varying from thousands to millions of lines of source code, is through software architecture. This study examines a sample of software systems from the dependencies of their static structural view. The dependencies and their importance are expressed as a design structure matrix (DSM) that is used as an indicator to reflect the strength of dependence and connection among the different modules. In this thesis, we propose a “modified change propagation” metric as a set of incremental improvements over the original Propagation Cost (PC) metric proposed by MacCormack (2008). Our improved metric uses dependencies weighted with strength to convey more information about the incidence of strongly connected relationships and it discounts weak dependencies. Moreover the original propagation metrics considered that the system should be acyclical; but we found that in practice a very few real systems are exempt of cycles. Furthermore, if cyclic dependencies are heavy rather than weak then these cycles should be treated differently. Finally, our metric is normalized to minimize the effect of both change in the total depth of the dependency graph, and increases in the size of the code. Our modified change propagation metric can help software designers assess the maintainability of a software system at design time and over a proposed release sequence by comparing change propagation measures for different designs of software architecture. For instance, after refactoring. We validated our metric both on a system developed at UBC, and on several large open-source repositories for which we were able to obtain long release histories.
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CAFEO, BRUNO BARBIERI DE PONTES. "ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FEATURE DEPENDENCIES AND CHANGE PROPAGATION." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2015. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=26957@1.

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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
PROGRAMA DE EXCELENCIA ACADEMICA
PROGRAMA DE DOUTORADO SANDUÍCHE NO EXTERIOR
Características são abstrações-chave para o desenvolvimento e manutenção de linhas de produto de software. Um desafio encarado na manutenção de linhas de produto de software é o entendimento das dependências que existem entre características. No código-fonte, uma dependência entre características ocorre sempre que um elemento de programa dentro dos limites de implementação de uma característica depende de elementos externos a esta característica. Exemplos são atributos ou métodos definidos na implementação de uma característica, mas utilizados no código responsável pela implementação de outra característica. A medida que desenvolvedores modificam o código-fonte associado com uma característica, eles devem garantir que outras características são consistentemente atualizadas com as novas mudanças – as chamadas propagações de mudanças. No entanto, a apropriada propagação de mudanças não é uma tarefa trivial, pois características geralmente não são modularizadas no código-fonte. Dessa forma, dado uma mudança em uma determinada característica, é desafiador revelar quais (partes de) outras características também devem ser alteradas. Propagação de mudanças se torna, portanto, um aspecto central e não-trivial da manutenção de linhas de produto de software. Desenvolvedores podem negligenciar partes importantes de código que deveriam ser revisadas ou alteradas, portanto não propagando mudanças de forma completa. Por outro lado, desenvolvedores também podem analisar de forma desnecessária partes de código que não são relevantes para a tarefa de manutenção de características, portanto aumentando o esforço de manutenção ou até propagando mudanças de forma indevida. A criação de um bom modelo mental da estrutura das dependências de características se torna essencial para ganhar compreensão sobre o complexo relacionamento de características com o objetivo de propagar mudanças de forma apropriada. Infelizmente, não existe entendimento no estado-da-arte sobre propriedades estruturais de dependências de características que afetam a propagação de mudanças. Este entendimento ainda não é possível, pois: (i) não existe meios de caracterização e quantificação para propriedades estruturais de dependências de características, e (ii) não existem investigações empíricas sobre a influência dessas propriedades na propagação de mudanças. Nesse contexto, esta tese apresenta três contribuições para superar os problemas acima mencionados. Primeiro, foi desenvolvido um estudo para entender a propagação de mudanças na presença de dependência de características em várias linhas de produto industriais. Segundo, é proposto um arcabouço de medidas com o propósito de quantificar propriedades estruturais de dependências de características. Nesse contexto, também foi desenvolvido um estudo revelando que métricas convencionais tipicamente aplicadas em trabalhos de linha de produto, tais como a métrica de acoplamento, não são indicadores efetivos da propagação de mudanças em linhas de produto de software. As métricas propostas nesta tese superaram consistentemente as métricas convencionais estudadas. Terceiro, esta tese propõe um método para auxiliar a propagação de mudanças encarando informações sobre a organização de dependência de características encarando-as como um problema de agrupamento. Foi avaliado se a organização de informações proposta nesta tese tem potencial para auxiliar desenvolvedores a propagar mudanças em linhas de produto de software.
Features are the key abstraction to develop and maintain software product lines. A challenge faced in the maintenance of product lines is the understanding of the dependencies that exist between features. In the source code, a feature dependency occurs whenever program elements within the boundaries of a feature s implementation depend on elements external to that feature. Examples are either attributes or methods defined in the realisation of a feature, but used in the code realising other features. As developers modify the source code associated with a feature, they must ensure that other features are consistently updated with the new changes – the so-called change propagation. However, appropriate change propagation is far from being trivial as features are often not modularised in the source code. In this way, given a change in a certain feature, it is challenging to reveal which (part of) other features should also change. Change propagation becomes, therefore, a central and non-trivial aspect of software product-line maintenance. Developers may overlook important parts of the code that should be revised or changed, thus not fully propagating changes. Conversely, they may also unnecessarily analyse parts that are not relevant to the feature-maintenance task at hand, thereby increasing the maintenance effort or even mis-propagating changes. The creation of a good mental model based on the structure of feature dependencies becomes essential for gaining insight into the intricate relationship between features in order to properly propagate changes. Unfortunately, there is no understanding in the state of the art about structural properties of feature dependencies that affect change propagation. This understanding is not yet possible as: (i) there is no conceptual characterisation and quantification means for structural properties of feature dependency, and (ii) there is no empirical investigation on the influence of these properties on change propagation. In this context, this thesis presents three contributions to overcome the aforementioned problems. First, we develop a study to understand change propagation in presence of feature dependencies in several industry-strength product lines. Second, we propose a measurement framework intended to quantify structural properties of feature dependencies. We also develop a study revealing that conventional metrics typically used in previous research, such as coupling metrics, are not effective indicators of change propagation in software product lines. Our proposed metrics consistently outperformed conventional metrics. Third, we also propose a method to support change propagation by facing the organisation of feature dependency information as a clustering problem. We evaluate if our proposed organisation has potential to help developers to propagate changes in software product lines.
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Garg, Tushar. "Estimating change propagation risk using TRLs and system architecture." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/110134.

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Thesis: S.M. in Engineering and Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, System Design and Management Program, 2017.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 27-28).
Risk estimation is a key activity for product development and technology integration programs. There are a number of decision support tools that help project managers identify and mitigate risks in a project, however few explicitly consider the effects of architecture on risk. We propose a novel risk estimation framework that includes considerations of the system architecture. By starting with traditional project management literature, we define risk as a combination of likelihood and impact. We use Technology Readiness Levels as our measure for likelihood, and given that change propagates through interfaces, we used metrics that relate to connectivity to estimate impact. To analyze the connectivity, we model systems using networks of nodes and edges and calculate centrality metrics. This framework is applied to an industry example and we visualize the data in different formats to aid in analysis. The insights gained from this analysis are discussed, and we conclude that the risk estimation framework provides estimates that are in line with the experience of engineers at the company.
by Tushar Garg.
S.M. in Engineering and Management
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Koh, Chan Yang Edwin. "Managing change propagation in the development of complex products." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609499.

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Ariyo, Owolabi Opeyemi. "Change propagation in complex design : predicting detailed change cases with multi-levelled product models." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.612492.

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Seifert, Mirko. "Designing Round-Trip Systems by Change Propagation and Model Partitioning." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-71098.

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Software development processes incorporate a variety of different artifacts (e.g., source code, models, and documentation). For multiple reasons the data that is contained in these artifacts does expose some degree of redundancy. Ensuring global consistency across artifacts during all stages in the development of software systems is required, because inconsistent artifacts can yield to failures. Ensuring consistency can be either achieved by reducing the amount of redundancy or by synchronizing the information that is shared across multiple artifacts. The discipline of software engineering that addresses these problems is called Round-Trip Engineering (RTE). In this thesis we present a conceptual framework for the design RTE systems. This framework delivers precise definitions for essential terms in the context of RTE and a process that can be used to address new RTE applications. The main idea of the framework is to partition models into parts that require synchronization - skeletons - and parts that do not - clothings. Once such a partitioning is obtained, the relations between the elements of the skeletons determine whether a deterministic RTE system can be built. If not, manual decisions may be required by developers. Based on this conceptual framework, two concrete approaches to RTE are presented. The first one - Backpropagation-based RTE - employs change translation, traceability and synchronization fitness functions to allow for synchronization of artifacts that are connected by non-injective transformations. The second approach - Role-based Tool Integration - provides means to avoid redundancy. To do so, a novel tool design method that relies on role modeling is presented. Tool integration is then performed by the creation of role bindings between role models. In addition to the two concrete approaches to RTE, which form the main contributions of the thesis, we investigate the creation of bridges between technical spaces. We consider these bridges as an essential prerequisite for performing logical synchronization between artifacts. Also, the feasibility of semantic web technologies is a subject of the thesis, because the specification of synchronization rules was identified as a blocking factor during our problem analysis. The thesis is complemented by an evaluation of all presented RTE approaches in different scenarios. Based on this evaluation, the strengths and weaknesses of the approaches are identified. Also, the practical feasibility of our approaches is confirmed w.r.t. the presented RTE applications.
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Hamraz, Bahram. "Engineering change modelling using a function-behaviour-structure scheme." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/245074.

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Engineering changes are unavoidable and occur throughout the lifecycle of products. Due to the high interconnectivity of engineering products, a single change to one component usually has knock-on effects on other components causing further changes. This change propagation significantly affects the success of a product in the market by increasing development cost and time-to-market. As such engineering change management is essential to companies, but it is a complex task for managers and researchers alike. To address this challenge, the thesis at hand investigates the state-of-the-art of research in engineering change management and develops a method to support engineering change propagation analysis, termed FBS Linkage. This method integrates functional reasoning with change prediction. A product is modelled as a network of its functional, behavioural, and structural attributes. Change propagation is then described as spread between the elements along the links of this network. The FBS Linkage concept is designed based on a comprehensive set of requirements derived from both the literature and industry practices as well as a comparative assessment of existing change methods and functional reasoning schemes. A step-by-step technique of building and using an FBS Linkage model is demonstrated. The method’s potential benefits are discussed. Finally, the application of the method to two industrial case studies involving a diesel engine and a scanning electron microscope is presented. The method evaluation indicates that the benefits of the method outweigh its application effort and pinpoints areas for further refinement.
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Books on the topic "Change propagation"

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Water wave propagation over uneven bottoms. River Edge, NJ: World Scientific Pub., 1997.

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Rubinstein, Robert. Non-ideal gas effects on shock waves in weakly ionized gases. Hampton, VA: Institute for Computer Applications in Science and Engineering, NASA Langley Research Center, 2000.

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Rubinstein, Robert. Non-ideal gas effects on shock waves in weakly ionized gases. Hampton, VA: Institute for Computer Applications in Science and Engineering, NASA Langley Research Center, 2000.

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Rubinstein, Robert. Non-ideal gas effects on shock waves in weakly ionized gases. Hampton, VA: Institute for Computer Applications in Science and Engineering, NASA Langley Research Center, 2000.

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Rubinstein, Robert. Non-ideal gas effects on shock waves in weakly ionized gases. Hampton, VA: Institute for Computer Applications in Science and Engineering, NASA Langley Research Center, 2000.

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Rubinstein, Robert. Non-ideal gas effects on shock waves in weakly ionized gases. Hampton, VA: Institute for Computer Applications in Science and Engineering, NASA Langley Research Center, 2000.

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Rubinstein, Robert. Non-ideal gas effects on shock waves in weakly ionized gases. Hampton, VA: Institute for Computer Applications in Science and Engineering, NASA Langley Research Center, 2000.

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Rubinstein, Robert. Non-ideal gas effects on shock waves in weakly ionized gases. Hampton, VA: Institute for Computer Applications in Science and Engineering, NASA Langley Research Center, 2000.

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Hsieh, Jinmeei Kuo. Influencing fourth grade students' conceptual change about light propagation. 1995.

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Helfont, Samuel. Continuity and Change in the Gulf War. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190843311.003.0007.

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This chapter discusses the Ba’thist regime’s use of religion during the Gulf Crisis in 1990 and the Gulf War in 1991. In 1990, Saddam invaded Kuwait and then Saddam again raised eyebrows in 1991 by delivering what became known as his first and second “jihad speeches,” which highlighted long-held Ba’thist ideas about Islam. Saddam was able to integrate the regime’s political instrumentalization of religion into its broader strategies for the war. Those ideas were then echoed throughout Iraq’s religious landscape and in its official and unofficial propaganda during the war. As this chapter shows, the increase in regime’s propagation of religious propaganda during the conflict reflected an increase in its institutional capacity to organize and present its views on religion rather than a shift in ideology away from Ba’thism toward Political Islam.
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Book chapters on the topic "Change propagation"

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Salay, Rick, Jan Gorzny, and Marsha Chechik. "Change Propagation due to Uncertainty Change." In Fundamental Approaches to Software Engineering, 21–36. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-37057-1_3.

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Melnik, Sergey. "5. Change Propagation Scenario." In Generic Model Management, 91–99. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-24684-8_5.

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Dowse, J. N., and B. W. Skews. "Area Change Effects on Shock Wave Propagation." In 28th International Symposium on Shock Waves, 581–86. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-25685-1_88.

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Yin, Leilei, Yanchen Liu, Ziran Shen, and Yijin Li. "A Technique to Predict Software Change Propagation." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 538–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-14680-1_59.

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Indiono, Conrad, and Stefanie Rinderle-Ma. "Dynamic Change Propagation for Process Choreography Instances." In On the Move to Meaningful Internet Systems. OTM 2017 Conferences, 334–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69462-7_22.

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Grinnell, Rachael, Robert Schmidt, and Simon Austin. "CLASSIFYING COMPONENTS BASED ON CHANGE PROPAGATION POTENTIAL." In Gain competitive advantage by managing complexity, 315–28. München: Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KG, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/9783446434127.025.

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Kurniawan, Tri A., Aditya K. Ghose, Hoa Khanh Dam, and Lam-Son Lê. "Relationship-Preserving Change Propagation in Process Ecosystems." In Service-Oriented Computing, 63–78. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-34321-6_5.

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Bauer, Wolfgang, Chucholowski Nepomuk, Udo Lindemann, and Maik Maurer. "Domain-Spanning Change Propagation in Changing Technical Systems." In Complex Systems Design & Management Asia, 111–23. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12544-2_9.

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Tang, Dunbing, Leilei Yin, and Inayat Ullah. "Workload-Based Change Propagation Analysis in Product Design." In Matrix-based Product Design and Change Management, 83–109. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5077-0_5.

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Dam, Khanh Hoa, and Michael Winikoff. "Evaluating an Agent-Oriented Approach for Change Propagation." In Agent-Oriented Software Engineering IX, 159–72. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-01338-6_12.

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Conference papers on the topic "Change propagation"

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Clarkson, P. John, Caroline Simons, and Claudia Eckert. "Predicting Change Propagation in Complex Design." In ASME 2001 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2001/dtm-21698.

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Abstract In redesign and design for customization, products are changed. During this process a change to one part of the product will, in most cases, result in changes to other parts. The accurate prediction of this change propagation provides a significant challenge in the management of redesign and customization. This paper reports on an analysis of change behavior based on a case study in GKN Westland Helicopters of rotorcraft design; the development of mathematical models to predict the risk of change propagation in terms of likelihood and impact of change; and the development of a prototype computer support tool.
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Giffin, Monica, Olivier de Weck, Gergana Bounova, Rene Keller, Claudia Eckert, and John Clarkson. "Change Propagation Analysis in Complex Technical Systems." In ASME 2007 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2007-34652.

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Understanding how and why changes propagate during engineering design is critical because most products and systems emerge from predecessors and not through clean sheet design. This paper applies change propagation analysis methods and extends prior reasoning through examination of a large data set from industry including 41,500 change requests, spanning 8 years during the design of a complex sensor system. Different methods are used to analyze the data and the results are compared to each other and evaluated in the context of previous findings. In particular the networks of connected parent, child and sibling changes are resolved over time and mapped to 46 subsystem areas. A normalized change propagation index (CPI) is then developed, showing the relative strength of each area on the absorber-multiplier spectrum between −1 and +1. Multipliers send out more changes than they receive and are good candidates for more focused change management. Another interesting finding is the quantitative confirmation of the “ripple” change pattern. Unlike the earlier prediction, however, it was found that the peak of cyclical change activity occurred late in the program driven by systems integration and functional testing. Patterns emerged from the data and offer clear implications for technical change management approaches in system design.
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Long, Daniel, and Scott Ferguson. "Exploring System Architecture Attributes and Dynamic Change Propagation." In ASME 2018 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2018-86049.

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Long-lived systems will experience many successive changes during their lifecycle as they are adapted to meet new system requirements. Existing change propagation tools predict how changes to a system’s design at a fixed point in its life are likely to spread, but have not been extended to consider a series of successive modifications where the change probabilities update. This change in propagation probabilities in response to successive changes is introduced as Dynamic Change Propagation (DCP). This paper integrates research from change propagation, network theory, and excess to achieve the following objectives: 1) describe how a DCP model predicts system propagation change trajectories, 2) use a new synthetic test case generator to correlate network parameters like degree distribution with DCP, and 3) determine the correlations between a measure of DCP and a selection of existing change propagation metrics. Results indicate that DCP is limited by reducing the number of dependencies between components (affirming the usefulness of adding modularity to a system) and including high degree component ‘hubs’ between components.
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Aryani, Amir, Ian D. Peake, Margaret Hamilton, Heinz Schmidt, and Michael Winikoff. "Change Propagation Analysis Using Domain Information." In 2009 Australian Software Engineering Conference. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aswec.2009.31.

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Dam, Hoa Khanh, and Michael Winikoff. "Supporting change propagation in UML models." In 2010 IEEE 26th International Conference on Software Maintenance (ICSM). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsm.2010.5609712.

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Wiese, Igor Scaliante, Reginaldo Re, Igor Steinmacher, Rodrigo Takashi Kuroda, Gustavo Ansaldi Oliva, and Marco Aurelio Gerosa. "Predicting Change Propagation from Repository Information." In 2015 29th Brazilian Symposium on Software Engineering (SBES). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sbes.2015.21.

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Fdhila, Walid, Stefanie Rinderle-Ma, and Manfred Reichert. "Change Propagation in Collaborative Processes Scenarios." In 8th IEEE International Conference on Collaborative Computing: Networking, Applications and Worksharing. IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/icst.collaboratecom.2012.250408.

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Hein, Phyo Htet, Varun Menon, and Beshoy Morkos. "Exploring Requirement Change Propagation Through the Physical and Functional Domain." In ASME 2015 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2015-47746.

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Prior research performed by Morkos [1], culminated in the automated requirement change propagation prediction (ARCPP) tool which utilized natural language data in requirements to predict change propagation throughout a requirements document as a result of an initiating requirement change. Whereas the prior research proved requirements can be used to predict change propagation, the purpose of this case study is to understand why. Specifically, what parts of a requirement affect its ability to predict change propagation? This is performed by addressing two key research questions: (1) Is the requirement review depth affected by the number of relators selected to relate requirements and (2) What elements of a requirement are responsible for instigating change propagation, the physical (nouns) or functional (verbs) domain? The results of this study assist in understanding whether the physical or functional domain have a greater effect on the instigation of change propagation. The results indicated that the review depth, an indicator of the performance of the ARCPP tool, is not affected by the number of relators, but rather by the ability of relators in relating the propagating relationships. Further, nouns are found to be more contributing to predicting change propagation in requirements. Therefore, the physical domain is more effective in predicting requirement change propagation than the functional domain.
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Htet Hein, Phyo, Beshoy Morkos, and Chiradeep Sen. "Utilizing Node Interference Method and Complex Network Centrality Metrics to Explore Requirement Change Propagation." In ASME 2017 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2017-67930.

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Requirements play very important role in the design process as they specify how stakeholder expectations will be satisfied. Requirements are frequently revised, due to iterative nature of the design process. These changes, if not properly managed, may result in financial and time losses leading to project failure due to possible undesired propagating effect. Current modeling methods for managing requirements do not offer formal reasoning necessary to manage the requirement change and its propagation. Predictive models to assist designers in making well informed decisions prior to change implementation do not exist. Based on the premise that requirement networks can be utilized to study change propagation, this research will allow for investigation of complex network metrics for predicting change throughout the design process. Requirement change prediction ability during the design process may lead to valuable knowledge in designing artifacts more efficiently by minimizing unanticipated changes due to mismanaged requirements. Two research questions (RQs) described are addressed in this paper: RQ 1: Can complex network centrality metrics of a requirement network be utilized to predict requirement change propagation? RQ 2: How does complex network centrality metrics approach perform in comparison to the previously developed Automated Requirement Change Propagation Prediction (ARCPP) tool? Applying the notion of interference, requirement nodes in which change occurs are virtually removed from the network to simulate a change scenario and the changes in values of select metrics of all other nodes are observed. Based on the amount of metric value changes the remaining nodes experience, propagated requirement nodes are predicted. Counting betweenness centrality, left eigenvector centrality, and authority centrality serve as top performing metrics and their performances are comparative to ARCPP tool.
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Li, Lin, Guanqun Qian, and Li Zhang. "Evaluation of Software Change Propagation Using Simulation." In 2009 WRI World Congress on Software Engineering. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wcse.2009.22.

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Reports on the topic "Change propagation"

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Ghassemi, Ahmad. Fracture Propagation and Permeability Change under Poro-thermoelastic Loads & Silica Reactivity in Enhanced Geothermal Systems. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1021468.

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Chu, Peter C., and Chung-Ping Hsieh. Change of Multifractal Thermal Characteristics in the Western Philippine Sea Upper Layer During Internal Wave-Soliton Propagation. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada478542.

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Alvarez, Fernando, Hervé Le Bihan, and Francesco Lippi. Small and Large Price Changes and the Propagation of Monetary Shocks. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, May 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w20155.

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Siderius, Martin. High Frequency Acoustic Channel Characterization for Propagation and Ambient Noise. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada533072.

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Liang, George. Site Specific Propagation Prediction Software Tool For Communication Channel Modeling. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada357796.

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Binder, Thomas B. A Study of Charge Propagation and Quantification of Noise Within the SuperCDMS Detector. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1632190.

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Destler, William W. Investigation of the Propagation of Intense Charged Particle Beams into Vacuum. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada225098.

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Bena, Jan, Serdar Dinc, and Isil Erel. The International Propagation of Economic Downturns Through Multinational Companies: The Real Economy Channel. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, September 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w27873.

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Ronald C. Davidson, Igor Kaganovich, and Edward A. Startsev. Weibel and Two-Stream Instabilities for Intense Charged Particle Beam Propagation through Neutralizing Background Plasma. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/827830.

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G. Shvets, N. J. Fisch, and A. Pukhov. Acceleration and Compression of Charged Particle Bunches Using Counter-Propagating Laser Beams. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/765442.

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