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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Change processes'
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Taylor, Anna Jane. "Change and processes of change on shore platforms." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geography, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/4784.
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This thesis examines morphological change and processes causing change on shore platforms formed in five different lithologies around New Zealand. Study platforms located at Kaikoura, Akaroa Harbour and Lake Waikaremoana are variously eroded into limestone, greywacke, basalt and two types of mudstone.
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Yang, Jiangbin. "Change detection in autocorrelated processes." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0009/NQ41349.pdf.
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Fischer, Rhonda. "Principals' perceptions of change processes." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ60392.pdf.
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Tighe, A. C. "Processes of change in multisystemic therapy." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2010. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/854993/.
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This thesis investigated processes of change in Multisystemic Therapy (MST) for adolescents with antisocial behaviour problems. Part 1, the literature review, critically evaluates 28 studies investigating how neighbourhood effects on youth antisocial behaviour are mediated and moderated by family, peer and individual variables. The research demonstrated that neighbourhood risk influences young people's behaviour indirectly through more proximal processes such as parenting practices, peer deviancy and individual antisocial beliefs. Family risk was generally found to be amplified in disadvantaged neighbourhoods, such that parenting practices, especially monitoring, had a closer relationship to child behaviour in high-risk contexts, compared to in more advantaged neighbourhoods. Less interaction was found for individual risk factors such as low empathy, which tended to predict delinquency regardless of neighbourhood context Part 2, the empirical paper, is a qualitative study of families' experiences of receiving Multisystemic Therapy, with a particular focus on processes of change. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 22 parents and 19 young people, and accounts analysed with thematic analysis. Findings highlighted a wide range of positive changes in the young person's behaviour and attitude, as well as family relationships and parenting practices. Increased parenting confidence and competence, reduced conflict in the home, and a return to education for the young person were key to youth behaviour change. Accounts supported an ecosystemic model of intervention for youth antisocial behaviour. Part 3, the critical appraisal, addresses methodological issues of the study. This includes consideration of the influence of researcher perspective, and the impact the research has had on the researcher's future clinical thinking and practice.
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Jeffries, Fiona Margaret. "Health promotion and Hutterite cultural change, individual and group change processes." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1996. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/mq21912.pdf.
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Tluchowska, Malgorzata. "Management of group processes during organisational change /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2002. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17057.pdf.
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Wilson, Alexander David. "Sociotechnical processes of organizational change and continuity." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2009. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/2802/.
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This research combines the in-depth study of technical rationality and social practices with broader institutional influences that support or subvert the course of technology-led change in organizations. It contends that technology is socially shaped within the institutional and technical boundaries and that the choices made by individuals embedded in power relations shape the course of technological adoption in organizations. Two in-depth qualitative case studies are used to explore the sociotechnical processes of continuity and change.
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Johansson, Anna. "TECHNOLOGY ENHANCED BEHAVIORAL CHANGE PROCESSES : Changing an organizational change process with ICT." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för teknikvetenskaplig kommunikation och lärande (ECE), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-180708.
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In our rapidly developing society, companies and education have to continuously reflect upon their ways of working in order learn and improve. Learning within organizations can be measured by studying behavioral change, and research has shown that behavioral change can be achieved with technology enhanced interventions and coaching. The purpose of this study is to explore how the participants perceive a behavioral change process when it is matched with technology, what aspects of the process that effect the participants’ learning and behavior, and to find a technological solution which enables coaching for behavioral change. This has been done by a user-centered designed process where the participants used surveys to assess their behavior and attitudes. The data collected was then used as basis for coaching, reflection and feedback. In conclusion, this study showed a perceived change in behavior due to reflection and increased transparency into the change process, both facilitated by the technology added to the process.I vårt snabba utvecklingssamhälle måste företag och utbildning ständigt reflektera över sitt arbetssätt för att lära sig och utvecklas. Lärande inom organisationer kan mätas genom att studera förändringar i beteende, och forskning har visat att beteendeförändring kan åstadkommas med teknikförstärkta interventioner och coaching. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur deltagarna uppfattar en process för beteendeförändring när den matchas med teknik, vilka aspekter av processen som påverkar deltagarnas lärande och beteende, samt att hitta en teknisk lösning som möjliggör coaching för beteendeförändring. Detta har gjorts genom en användarcentrerad designprocess där deltagarna använde enkäter för att skatta sina beteende och attityder. Den data som samlades in användes sedan för coaching, reflektion och återkoppling. Sammanfattningsvis visade studien en upplevd beteendeförändring på grund av reflektion och ökad transparens i förändringsarbetet, vilka underlättades av teknikförstärkningen.
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Waters, John Frederick. "Knowledge and commitment in innovation processes." View thesis, 2004. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20050615.153801/index.html.
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Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Western Sydney, 2004."A thesis presented to the University of Western Sydney in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy" Includes bibliography.
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Morris, Eric. "Processes of change in psychological therapy for psychosis." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2012. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/processes-of-change-in-psychological-therapy-for-psychosis(c9323073-2a4b-4eb6-b0b8-355f962e177b).html.
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Moloi, K. D., and P. C. N. Groenewald. "Bayesian analysis of change-points in poisson processes." Interim : Interdisciplinary Journal, Vol 3, Issue 2: Central University of Technology, Free State, Bloemfontein, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/449.
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Published ArticleChange-point analysis deals with the situation where an abrupt change has possibly taken place in the underlying mechanism that generates random variables. In a parametric setting, this means a change in the parameters of the underlying distribution. The interest is in whether such a change has actually taken place, and if it has, at which point in time. Also, there may have been more than one change during the period of interest. Application of change-point analysis is wide, but is particularly relevant in finance, the environment and medicine. The violability of markets may change abruptly, the rate and intensity of natural phenomena may change, or the effect of treatments in clinical trails may be studied. The literature on change-point problems is, by now, enormous. In this study we consider only the so-called non-sequential or fixed sample size version, although an informal sequential procedure, which follows from Smith (1975), is a routine consequence. Still, literature is substantial and our focus is on a fully Bayesian parametric approach. Use of the Bayesian framework for inference with regard to the change-point dates to work by Chernoff and Zacks (1964). Smith (1975) presents the Bayesian formulation for a finite sequence of independent observations. See also Zacks (1983). In our study we will consider only Poisson sequences and will address four situations: 1) When it is assumed that there is exactly one change-point, and proper priors are used. This can be generalised to more than one change-point. If the number of change-points is fixed and known, improper priors are also valid as will be explained later. 2) When there is a fixed number of change-points, the Markov Chain Monte Carlo method of Chib (1998) is useful, especially for large samples and multiple changepoints This approach will be described and applied. 3) When the number of change-points is unknown, and we want posterior probability distributions of the number of change-points, only proper priors are valid for calculating Bayes factors. In the case when no prior information is available, improper priors will cause the Bayes factor to have an indeterminate constant. In this case we apply the Fractional Bayes factor method of O’Hagan (1995). 4) When the data consists of multiple sequences, it is called multi-path changepoint analysis, and the distribution from which the change-points are drawn is of interest. Here the posterior distributions of parameters are estimated by MCMC methods. All the techniques are illustrated using simulated and real data sets.
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A'Bear, Andrew Donald. "Climate change, fungus-invertebrate interactions and ecosystem processes." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2014. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/58513/.
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Saprotrophic fungi are the main agents of primary decomposition and nutrient cycling in woodland ecosystems. Powerful enzymatic capabilities enable then to break down the most recalcitrant components of wood and leaf litter, such as lignin and cellulose. Nutrients are retained by dynamic networks of mycelium, which are vulnerable to grazing by soil invertebrates. The studies reported in this thesis employed laboratory microcosm, mesocosm and field manipulations to further mechanistic understanding of climate change effects on basidiomycete fungal-dominated woodland decomposer community dynamics and ecosystem processes. Increased mycelial growth at elevated temperature can be prevented by collembola grazing in soil microcosms. The strength of this top-down effect varied with fungal palatability, which had a bottom-up effect on collembola populations and their responses to warming. A mesocosm multispecies collembola population was more strongly regulated by the bottom-up effect of inoculation with cord-forming fungi than climate change (warming, in combination with soil wetting or drying). Collembola can graze fungal cords, but thickness and chemical defences make them less palatable than soil microfungi, which are outcompeted by basidiomycete mycelia. In the absence of fungal biomass limitation by collembola, abiotic conditions regulated microbial community functioning. Warming stimulated fungal-mediated wood decomposition, particularly in drier soils. Moisture was the most important determinant of enzyme activity and displayed an interaction with temperature analogous to that for wood decay. Macro-invertebrates, such as woodlice, are better able to exploit nutritious, but thick and defensive, fungal cords. The consequences of macro-invertebrate grazing for fungal-dominated microbial community function were tested in a field manipulation of woodlouse (Oniscus asellus, Isopoda) population densities, predicted to increase due to climate warming. This provides the first evidence for bottom-up effects of fungal palatability on woodlouse populations. Body lipid analysis revealed fungi as a major component of the generalist woodlouse diet. Despite low population densities at the site, altered O. asellus abundance influenced aspects of microbial community functioning. The importance of biotic effects on decomposition may be more heterogeneous than abiotic influences, depending on microbial community dominance and the abundance of key macro-invertebrate taxa.
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Johncock, Suzanne. "Older people's psychological change processes : a research portfolio." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/23425.
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Objectives. The empirical qualitative study explored Older People’s (over 65 years of age) perceptions of psychological change and the processes by which these occurred. It also aimed to add to understanding of the barriers to therapeutic change. Subsequently, a systematic review of the current literature pertaining to older people’s attachment styles, and how attachment is measured within this population, was conducted. This scrutinised the literature regarding role of attachment (as a trans-diagnostic construct) in old age, as this may influence their change processes. Design. As the empirical study was exploratory, it adopted a Grounded Theory methodology, influenced by the constructivist perspective as described in Charmaz (2014). Data was obtained via semi-structured interviews, with the later interview schedule grounded in emergent codes and memos of earlier interviews. Literature pertaining to older people, attachment, and how attachment is measured, was obtained from a systematic review. Method. Twelve participants were interviewed using a semi-structured interview, following discharge from an Older Peoples Psychological Therapy Service, for the empirical project. Participants were aged 65 years or over and had received varying models of therapy over varying durations. Those reporting improvement, or no change, as a result of receiving psychological therapy, were approached to participate. Through detailed analysis, a tentative model of older people’s psychological change processes was constructed. This model was further checked by some participants for quality control. Subsequently the systematic review explored a key theme of attachment (as suggested by the categories highlighted in the empirical project). Literature regarding attachment, older people and how attachment is measured within this population, was obtained through a systematic search through major databases, compared against a checklist, constructed for this review, with all analysis prorated by qualified clinical psychologists supervising this study. Results. Interview transcriptions were analysed in line with a constructivist perspective of grounded theory. A non-linear model of psychological change, grounded in the data, was constructed. The main concepts of the model were Age as Context, Seeking Help and Entering the Therapeutic Environment, Building a Therapeutic Relationship, Developing a New Understanding, Therapeutic Changes and Post Therapy Reflections and Commitments of Continuation. In addition, some similar processes were highlighted across different therapeutic modalities, thus supporting trans-theoretical models of psychological change. In addition, the model highlighted a theme of models of relationships having continuity through the lifespan (as evidenced in the concepts of Seeking Help and Building a Therapeutic Relationship). This echoed the trans-therapeutic concept of attachment. Therefore, a systematic review of attachment in older people was conducted. Overall the quality of the literature pertaining to attachment, older people and how attachment is measured within this population was poor. There was a paucity of evidence of minimisation of bias reported in either design or analysis. Conclusions. The empirical project demonstrated the process of psychological change in older people is non-linear in nature. Some constructs of change were similar to those found in the adult literature, but there were also some constructs relating specifically to ageing, and the theoretical developmental stage of old age. This supports suggestions that age specific constructs should be held in mind when working therapeutically with older people. The systematic review found research exploring attachment in older people is a growing field of research, but one which is still in its infancy compared to other clinical populations. In addition, several studies had serious methodological issues and therefore readers are encouraged to interpret their results with caution.
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Vázquez, María Inés. "Self-management of change processes in educational centers." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2013. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/117260.
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This paper addresses the self-management processes of change, referring to a series of processes that take place in education centers undergoing change. The perspective from which the approach is proposed is educational management. The evidences integrated into the document are the result of a study conducted in Uruguay, which involved seven primary, secondary, and technical schools. The approach used has been the study of multiple cases with the intention of analyzing the phenomenon in specific contexts, integrating the possibility of studying it from a global perspective. The overall objective was to achieve greater understanding of the self-evaluation and change processes in schools. Within the specific objectives we highlight: to identify the possible links between self-assessment and decision makingEste trabajo aborda los procesos de autogestión del cambio, haciendo alusión a una serie de procesos que se desarrollan en centros educativos en fase de cambio. La perspectiva desde la cual se propone su abordaje es la gestión educativa. Las evidencias integradas al documento, son el resultado de un estudio desarrollado en Uruguay, que involucró a siete centros de educación primaria, media y técnica. El abordaje utilizado ha sido el estudio de casos múltiples con la intención de analizar el fenómeno en contextos específicos, integrando la posibilidad de estudiarlo desde una perspectiva global. El objetivo general fue lograr mayor comprensión sobre los procesos de autoevaluación y cambio en centros educativos. Entre los objetivos específicos destacamos el de identificar posibles vinculaciones entre la autoevaluación y la toma de decisiones
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Satterstrom, Patricia. "How Micro-Processes Change Social Hierarchies in Teams." Thesis, Harvard University, 2016. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:32744408.
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Social hierarchies can prevent teams from hearing and using all of their members’ contributions. They are also ubiquitous and difficult to change, reinforced by conscious and unconscious factors as well as social-structural systems. Social hierarchies in teams, however, can and do change. This dissertation diverges from recent research focused on the stability of social hierarchies to argue that social hierarchies in teams can become more dynamic over time; it also explores why and how this shift comes about and how it impacts team member relationships and interaction patterns. In chapter 2, “Toward a more dynamic conceptualization of social hierarchy in teams,” I theorize about the antecedents and processes that allow teams to shift their social hierarchy, focusing on the importance of socialized schemas, identity, emotions, and behaviors. Chapters 3 and 4 draw from a 31-month ethnographic investigation into these processes in three multidisciplinary “change teams” in primary health care clinics. These teams were specifically charged with moving their organization toward a more dynamic social hierarchy to remain competitive in their industry. I studied how team members did this within their own team. In chapter 3, “Microwedges: Moving teams from rigid to dynamic social hierarchy,” I identify and theorize about the process through which an extra-role behavior, over time, helps to create cognitive changes in team members, prompting them to change their task strategies, role responsibilities, and communication patterns to promote dynamic social hierarchy in the team. Chapter 4, “The changing nature of social hierarchy and voice” follows a change team on a weekly basis over 22 months to document a shift to dynamic social hierarchy and to theorize about the relationship between social hierarchy and voice and silence via “opening” and “closing” behaviors and the team conversation structure. My dissertation extends and generates theory about social hierarchy and voice. It introduces the concepts of dynamic social hierarchy and the microwedge process to further our understanding of how teams and their members change over time. It also has practical implications for how team members can engage with the social hierarchy in which they are embedded, alter their teams’ processes, and help their organizations rethink entrenched assumptions about the capabilities and preferences of their members.
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Waters, John Frederick. "Knowledge and commitment in innovation processes." Thesis, View thesis, 2004. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/530.
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This study was aimed at achieving an understanding of the role of knowledge and commitment in the process of innovation. To do that, the study confronted several intractable problems of innovation research that have created barriers to knowledge accumulation. Theoretical models were developed based on organizational knowledge and commitments and aimed at overcoming the shortcomings of the traditional research models. Theoretical models of organizational change were investigated through multiple case studies of innovation projects that compared organizations of different types and size, and change processes of both technological and administrative character. A conclusion from this research is that innovation research should learn to live with the dialectic that innovation is unrelated to knowledge or outcomes. This would help to focus research attention on the means by which knowledge is transformed into action, the central problem of the management of innovation.
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André, Karin. "Climate change adaptation processes : Regional and sectoral stakeholder perspectives." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tema vatten i natur och samhälle, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-90500.
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This thesis analyses how societal adaptation processes in public and private sectors at the regional to local level in Sweden are enacted. The thesis pays particular attention to critical factors that constrain or enable adaptation by focussing on: who are the stakeholders, how do different stakeholders perceive their capacity to adapt, and the role of stakeholder interaction in facilitating adaptation processes A combination of two analytical perspectives is used where one is based on key concepts within adaptation literature, and the other draws on boundary crossing and transdisciplinary knowledge production (stakeholders, adaptive capacity, and science-based stakeholder dialogues). The study is conducted within the scope of two overall case studies of local adaptation processes within an urban region, and a land-use based sector, the private forestry sector. The cases are setting the scene for the collection of empirical material which is achieved through qualitative methods, primarily focus groups discussions with local and regional, public and private stakeholders with an interest in, and responsibility for adaptation. The focus groups meetings are organized as a series of meetings to which different participatory techniques are applied. The study also builds on a comprehensive stakeholder mapping. First, the results suggest a systematic method for identifying stakeholders in adaptation research, policy, and planning applicable in both sectors and regions that combines top-down knowledge with experience and knowledge based on bottom-up processes. Second, the analysis of perceived adaptive capacities reveal several facilitating and constraining factors that relates both to the characteristics of climate risks, experience of climate variability and extreme weather events, and responsibility- and decision-making structures. Third, the analysis of the interaction between local experts and scientists show that there is potential for the boundary spanning function of science-based stakeholder dialogues in facilitating adaptation through stimulating questions and sharing different knowledge bases and experiences among the participants. However further attention needs to be taken to the institutional environment and the role of so called anchoring devices that help local experts to contextualise, discus and thus anchor scientific knowledge in their own decision-making context. In conclusion, there are both commonalities between adaptation processes in the two case studies and some marked differences, e.g., regarding the concept of adaptation, what type of adaptation actions that are identified, the perceived opportunities for adaptation and degree of complexity.Denna avhandling analyserar hur klimatanpassningsprocesser inom privata och offentliga sektorer på regional till lokal nivå i Sverige initieras, utvecklas och genomförs. Avhandlingen ägnar särskild uppmärksamhet åt identifiering av vilka intressenter (”stakeholders”) som är involverade i att underlätta och genomföra anpassning, uppfattningar om anpassningsförmåga samt vilken roll interaktion mellan olika intressenter kan ha för att underlätta anpassning. En kombination av två analytiska perspektiv används som bygger på tidigare forskning om klimatanpassningsprocesser samt transdisciplinär kunskapsproduktion. Studien genomförs inom ramen för två övergripande fallstudier av anpassningsprocesser i en urban region samt den privata skogssektorn. Fallstudierna utgör grunden för insamlingen av det empiriska materialet som bygger på kvalitativa metoder. Den främsta metoden är fokusgruppsdiskussioner med lokala och regionala, privata och offentliga aktörer med intresse av, eller ansvar för klimatanpassning. Fokusgrupperna organiseras som en serie möten där olika deltagandetekniker tillämpas. Studien bygger också på en omfattande intressentkartläggning. I avhandlingen utvecklas och ges förslag på en stegvis metod för att identifiera intressenter för anpassningsprocesser som kan användas inom forskning och praktik. Studien analyserar också hur olika intressentgrupper upplever förmågan att hantera klimatförändringar. Ett antal möjliggörande och begränsande faktorer identifieras så som karaktären på de upplevda klimatriskerna, erfarenhet av klimatvariationer och extrema väderhändelser, samt ansvar- och beslutsstrukturer. Slutligen, analyseras om och i så fall hur interaktionen mellan lokala experter och forskare som deltar i intressantdialoger (”science-based stakeholder dialogues”) kan underlätta anpassning. Resultaten visar att det finns potential genom att deltagarna ges möjlighet att ställa frågor tillvarandra och dela med sig av sina olika kunskapsbaser och erfarenheter, samt utforska olika anpassningsalternativ. Däremot behövs vidare studier för att undersöka betydelsen av det institutionella sammanhanget samt hur olika verktyg (”anchoring devices”) kan bidra när det gäller att förankra och omsätta kunskap om klimatförändringar i olika beslutskontexter. Avslutningsvis visar denna studie på att det finns både likheter och skillnader i hur anpassningsprocesser kommer till uttryck bland de olika aktörsgrupperna inom fallstudierna, t.ex. när det gäller hur begreppet anpassning används, vilken typ av anpassning som identifieras, upplevda möjligheter för anpassning samt graden av komplexitet.
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Tapsell, Jane. "Change processes and team implementation : strategic and operational issues." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2001. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/14467/.
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This is a study of the organisational change to self-managed team working in UK-based manufacturing organisations. There are few models to guide research into the organisational change to team working and this study focuses on the under-researched area of the implementation process. Descriptions of team development models imply a smooth, linear change process. Yet this strategic change involves major restructuring at an operational level and in reality is a complex and political transition process that unfolds in unpredictable directions. This research proposes a processual framework to explore team development and to increase understanding of the ways in which this transition is shaped at critical junctures. This research was based on case study data collected over periods of up to five years in four brownfield, manufacturing organisations. This data provided detailed illustrations of the major challenges facing organisations in the transition to self-management. Specifically, the research findings indicated that the change to self-managed team working was an unfolding, non-linear process and that its success was shaped not only by the congruence between team design and production setting, but also by the congruence between new work structures and supporting organisational arrangements. Senior management commitment was pivotal to the success of the change process, as were clear definitions of operational roles and required actions and behaviours. Finally, the research indicated the importance of key players adopting appropriate change-driver roles and of paying attention to political tensions and perceived threats associated with changes to traditional role demarcations. This research increases understanding of the implementation and development of self managed work teams at an operational level and the results may be of considerable practical use for organisations in determining their strategies for organisational change and development.
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Small, Caroline Armentha. "A study of the use of modelling in manufacturing change projects." Thesis, University of Derby, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.326176.
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Läubli, Daniel. "Emotions in change processes a review of what we know about affect in organizational change /." St. Gallen, 2007. http://www.biblio.unisg.ch/org/biblio/edoc.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/02600310002/$FILE/02600310002.pdf.
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Waters, John Frederick, University of Western Sydney, College of Law and Business, and School of Management. "Knowledge and commitment in innovation processes." THESIS_CLAB_MAN_Waters_J.xml, 2004. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/530.
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This study was aimed at achieving an understanding of the role of knowledge and commitment in the process of innovation. To do that, the study confronted several intractable problems of innovation research that have created barriers to knowledge accumulation. Theoretical models were developed based on organizational knowledge and commitments and aimed at overcoming the shortcomings of the traditional research models. Theoretical models of organizational change were investigated through multiple case studies of innovation projects that compared organizations of different types and size, and change processes of both technological and administrative character. A conclusion from this research is that innovation research should learn to live with the dialectic that innovation is unrelated to knowledge or outcomes. This would help to focus research attention on the means by which knowledge is transformed into action, the central problem of the management of innovation.Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
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Capasso, John C. Baker Paul J. "Structures and processes of planned change in Illinois high schools." Normal, Ill. Illinois State University, 1993. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ilstu/fullcit?p9416866.
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Thesis (Ed. D.)--Illinois State University, 1993.Title from title page screen, viewed February 28, 2006. Dissertation Committee: Paul J. Baker (chair), Sally B. Pancrazio, Clayton F. Thomas, Calvin C. Jackson. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 126-132) and abstract. Also available in print.
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Mihalache, Stefan-Radu [Verfasser]. "Sequential change-point detection for diffusion processes / Stefan-Radu Mihalache." Köln : Universitäts- und Stadtbibliothek Köln, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1013739531/34.
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Turner, Ryan Darby. "Gaussian processes for state space models and change point detection." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/242181.
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This thesis details several applications of Gaussian processes (GPs) for enhanced time series modeling. We first cover different approaches for using Gaussian processes in time series problems. These are extended to the state space approach to time series in two different problems. We also combine Gaussian processes and Bayesian online change point detection (BOCPD) to increase the generality of the Gaussian process time series methods. These methodologies are evaluated on predictive performance on six real world data sets, which include three environmental data sets, one financial, one biological, and one from industrial well drilling. Gaussian processes are capable of generalizing standard linear time series models. We cover two approaches: the Gaussian process time series model (GPTS) and the autoregressive Gaussian process (ARGP).We cover a variety of methods that greatly reduce the computational and memory complexity of Gaussian process approaches, which are generally cubic in computational complexity. Two different improvements to state space based approaches are covered. First, Gaussian process inference and learning (GPIL) generalizes linear dynamical systems (LDS), for which the Kalman filter is based, to general nonlinear systems for nonparametric system identification. Second, we address pathologies in the unscented Kalman filter (UKF).We use Gaussian process optimization (GPO) to learn UKF settings that minimize the potential for sigma point collapse. We show how to embed mentioned Gaussian process approaches to time series into a change point framework. Old data, from an old regime, that hinders predictive performance is automatically and elegantly phased out. The computational improvements for Gaussian process time series approaches are of even greater use in the change point framework. We also present a supervised framework learning a change point model when change point labels are available in training.
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Andersson, Per. "Concurrence, transition and evolution : perspectives of industrial marketing change processes." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Economic Research Institute, Stockholm School of Economics [Ekonomiska forskningsinstitutet vid Handelshögsk.] (EFI), 1996. http://www.hhs.se/efi/summary/409.htm.
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Bourne, Elizabeth Charlotte. "Plant local adaptation and environmental change : patterns, processes and impacts." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2010. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=166030.
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Understanding how local adaptation arises within species is essential when making predictions about how populations may respond to environmental change. Serpentine soils present an ideal system to study the processes leading to local adaptation in plant populations. Theses soils have a scattered distribution, are deficient in several nutrient minerals, have high heavy metal content, and a poor water holding capacity; all factors contributing to a strong selective pressure against plant growth. This thesis investigates local adaptation to serpentine soil in populations of Arabidopsis lyrata ssp. petraea, a perennial of low competition habitats and which within Scotland occurs both on and off serpentine soil. Trait measures were made of plants from twelve populations across the species’ Scottish range to explore if there are trait patterns which are particular to the serpentine sites, finding that climatic and soil factors both contributed to observed trait patterns. In a controlled growth room experiment the response of five of the populations to growth on serpentine and non-serpentine soil treatments was assessed to determine if trait differences were the result of local adaptation. Plants from serpentine populations survived and performed well on all treatments, while non-serpentine plants showed reduced survival and poor growth on serpentine soil. Combined with patterns of differentiation in microsatellite markers indicating that there is not a single serpentine genetic strain of Scottish A. l. petraea it appears that serpentine populations have adapted to serpentine soil, and separately more than once. Finally, an individual based computer model was developed to explore the evolutionary consequences of local adaptation in a changing environment, finding that the strength of local adaptation, gene flow, and population size are all important determinants of population survival. These results have implications for conservation management practices used to protect small populations in changing environments; especially where local adaption is likely.
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Martin, Elaine B. "The detection of change in spatial processes with environmental applications." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.361063.
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Ever since Halley (1686) superimposed onto a map of land forms. the direction of trade winds and monsoons between and near the tropics and attempted to assign them a physical cause. homo-sapiens has attempted to develop procedures which quantify the level of change in a spatial process. or assess the relationship between associated spatially measured variables. Most spatial data. whether it be originally point. linear or areal in nature. can be converted by a suitable procedure into a continuous form and plotted as an isarithmic map i.e. points of equal height are joined. Once in that form it may be regarded as a statistical surface in which height varies over area in much the same way as the terrain varies on topographic maps. Particularly in environmental statistics. the underlying shape of the surface is unknown. and hence the use of non-parametric techniques is wholly appropriate. For most applications. the location of data points is beyond the control of the map-maker hence the analyst must cope with irregularly spaced data points. A variety of possible techniques for describing a surface are given in chapter two, with attention focusing on the methodology surrounding kernel density estimation. Once a surface has been produced to describe a set of data. a decision concerning the number of contours and how they should be selected has to be taken. When comparing two sets of data. it is imperative that the contours selected are chosen using the same criteria. A data based procedure is developed in chapter three which ensures comparability of the surfaces and hence spurious conclusions are not reached as a result of inconsistencies between surfaces. Contained within this chapter is a discussion of issues which relate to other aspects of how a contour should be drawn to minimise the potential for inaccuracies in the swface fitting methodology. Chapter four focuses on a whole wealth of techniques which are currently available for comparing surfaces. These range from the simplest method of overlaying two maps and visually comparing them to more involved techniques which require intensive numerical computation. It is the formalisation of the former of these techniques which forms the basis of the methodology developed in the following two chapters to discern whether change/association has materialised between variables.One means of quantifying change between two surfaces, represented as a contoured surface, is in terms of the transformation which would be required for the two surfaces to be matched. Mathematically, transformations are described in terms of rotation, translation and scalar change. Chapter five provides a geometrical interpretation of the three transformations in terms of area, perimeter, orientation and the centre of gravity of the contour of interest and their associated properties. Although grid resolution is fundamentally a secondary level of smoothing, this aspect of surface fitting has generally been ignored. However to ensure consistency across surfaces, it is necessary to decide firstly, whether data sets of different sizes should be depicted using different mesh resolutions and secondly, how fine a resolution provides optimal results, both in terms of execution time and inherent surface variability. This aspect is examined with particular reference to the geometric descriptors used to quantify change. The question of random noise contained within a measurement process has been ignored in the analysis to this point. However in practice, some form of noise will always be contained within a process. Quantifying the level of noise attributable to a process can prove difficult since the scientist may be over optimistic in his evaluation of the noise level. In developing a suitable set of test statistics, four situations were examined, firstly when no noise was present and then for three levels of noise, the upper bounds of which were 5, 15 and 25%. Based on these statistics, a series of hypothesis tests were developed to look at the question of change for individual contour levels Le. local analysis. or alternatively for a whole surface by combining the statistics and effectively performing a multivariate test. A number of problems are associated with the methodology. These difficulties are discussed and various remedial measures are proposed. The theoretical derivation of the test statistic, both in the absence and presence of random noise, has proved mathematically to be extremely complex, with a number of stringent assumptions required to enable the theoretical distribution to be derived. A major simulation study was subsequently undertaken to develop the empirical probability distribution function for the various statistics defining change for the four levels of noise. Also for each of the statistics, the resultant power of the test was examined.The remaining chapter explicitly examines two case studies and how the methodology developed in the preceding two chapters may be implemented. The first example cited raises the question, 'Has a seasonal temperature change resulted during the fifty year span, 1930 to 1980, within the contiguous United States of America?' The data base was provided by the United States Historical Climatology Network (HCN) Serial Temperature and Precipitation Data, Quinlan et al (1987). The second problem examines whether there is an association between background radiation levels, within three regions of the south-west England, and the location of various fonns of leukaemia or whether case location is a product of the population distribution. Differences between this example and the previous illustration materialise in terms of the spatial resolution of the data; the leukaemia data are defined as punctual data points and are extremely sparse; the population distribution is defined as areal regions; with the radiation data being of a more continuous format. The methodology developed required modification, but aside of this a preliminary set of conclusions were reached.
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Thomas, Robert Eryl. "Flow processes and channel change in sand-bedded braided rivers." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.441189.
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Rixon, Paul. "Processes of change in British Television : broadcasters as active mediators." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1995. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.766342.
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This work has applied a gatekeeping approach to the study of the mediating roles taken by professional national broadcasters at a time of change. The aim has been three fold: to explore the changes that are occurring within the British broadcasting system specifically, and in Europe generally; to see how applicable a gatekeeping type approach is to the study of such developments; and to predict what type of broadcasting order will be emerging. The approach adopted, because of restrictions of time and cost, has centred upon a case study of the developments occurring within the British television system. The first part of the analysis concentrates on adapting the gatekeeping type approach followed by delineating television's national environment, namely the forces and processes at work in such an area. This is followed by a series of interviews exploring how observed impulses or tendencies of change are being mediated into the national television process by professional broadcasters. By exploring broadcasters' perceptions and experiences of such change, it was apparent that different paths of development are being taken, dependent on function and organisation. It was also evident that such a divergence is being amplified by structural-functional changes within respective broadcasting organisations, where a process of disaggregation is occurring. Broadcasters are not, however, passive, many exhibit signs of actively mediating change into the broadcasting process, though constrained by their circumstances. This work therefore shows how the homogeneous nature of broadcasting organisations is being redefined, dynamically, becoming more heterogeneous in character and outlook. While similar tendencies are also to be observed at work in Europe the existence of intervening variables, at the national level, are leading to diverging national routes of development. Apparently the current broadcasting Order, built upon a shared form of national-public broadcasting, is being superseded by one constituted by various types and forms of broadcasting organisations. This thesis shows that the gatekeeping type approach is applicable to the study of the developments occurring within British and European broadcasting. This is especially so as it is evident that professional broadcasters, the main gatekeepers in the broadcasting channel, are active mediators between the tendencies of change and the broadcasting process itself. They must therefore be understood and treated as important defining actors in the developments currently occurring.
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Chin-Yee, Simon. "Defining climate policy in Africa : Kenya's climate change policy processes." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2018. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/defining-climate-policy-in-africa-kenyaas-climate-change-policy-processes(3b7440d0-7f08-4e87-b47d-ea4ad0a56d50).html.
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This thesis seeks to investigate what shapes climate change policies in Kenya. Using Peter Haas' concept of usable knowledge, it argues the need to move beyond conventional perspectives on knowledge and power and provides a framework for understanding what knowledge and mechanisms are usable for policy makers. I argue that Kenyan climate policy is shaped by the interaction of knowledge and power across three crucial levels of influence - global, regional and national. As climate change forces us to rethink how we combine economic policies with environmental realities in Africa, each level encompasses distinct policy narratives where critical actors have an impact on national climate change policy. First, I argue that the standards, norms and regulations established by the global climate regime are directly reflected in national climate strategies of African countries, not only in terms of diplomatic moves to adhere to commitments made, but also in respect to benefiting from international mechanisms put in place to aid developing countries. Second, I examine the One Voice, One Africa narrative. This looks at the rise of the African Group of Negotiators within the global climate regime and their ability to influence Kenyan policy. Third, Kenya's climate change policy is shaped by the interaction of economic, political, and environmental constructs in national policy-making. The principle goal of this thesis is to open African environmental scholars and climate change policy analysts to a rigorous and flexible questioning of how climate policy processes operate in the African context.
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Hsu, Po-Han. "Communicating climate change in Internet discussion fora : processes and implications." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2014. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/48710/.
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Communicating climate change issues in the Internet era requires new strategies that incorporate online communication. The rapid growth of new media and widespread use of the internet has marked everyday lifestyles in modern society. Information on a wide range of social issues, including climate change, is disseminated and debated through online discussions in internet fora. In this research, communication on internet fora and other potential forms of online social interaction are explored, to identify ways to enhance climate change communication on the Internet. The thesis raises three research questions to explore the communication context of internet fora discussion, namely: what are characteristics of the communication process on internet fora? Who is involved in the communication process? What influences do these online communication activities have on users’ everyday activities? The research applies a mixed-methods approach of analysing the usage of Internet fora and the contents of fora communication activities to explore these questions. This includes qualitative reviews of topic-thread discussions to reveal users’ roles in discussions, as well as surveys of fora users. It is argued that with increasing levels of interaction among communicators (people who post or reply to articles in order to express or respond ideas) on internet fora, these communicators are mobilised to join the online discussion process, competing for opinion leadership. The online discussions further contribute to the formation of opinions on climate change, as climate change and related issues are discussed The thesis thereby aims to contribute to the development of effective approaches for opinion formation and climate change communication online, and to encourage individuals to discuss changing behaviour patterns and public engagement of greenhouse gas reduction actions.
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Hönel, Sebastian. "Efficient Automatic Change Detection in Software Maintenance and Evolutionary Processes." Licentiate thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för datavetenskap och medieteknik (DM), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-94733.
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Software maintenance is such an integral part of its evolutionary process that it consumes much of the total resources available. Some estimate the costs of maintenance to be up to 100 times the amount of developing a software. A software not maintained builds up technical debt, and not paying off that debt timely will eventually outweigh the value of the software, if no countermeasures are undertaken. A software must adapt to changes in its environment, or to new and changed requirements. It must further receive corrections for emerging faults and vulnerabilities. Constant maintenance can prepare a software for the accommodation of future changes. While there may be plenty of rationale for future changes, the reasons behind historical changes may not be accessible longer. Understanding change in software evolution provides valuable insights into, e.g., the quality of a project, or aspects of the underlying development process. These are worth exploiting, for, e.g., fault prediction, managing the composition of the development team, or for effort estimation models. The size of software is a metric often used in such models, yet it is not well-defined. In this thesis, we seek to establish a robust, versatile and computationally cheap metric, that quantifies the size of changes made during maintenance. We operationalize this new metric and exploit it for automated and efficient commit classification. Our results show that the density of a commit, that is, the ratio between its net- and gross-size, is a metric that can replace other, more expensive metrics in existing classification models. Models using this metric represent the current state of the art in automatic commit classification. The density provides a more fine-grained and detailed insight into the types of maintenance activities in a software project. Additional properties of commits, such as their relation or intermediate sojourn-times, have not been previously exploited for improved classification of changes. We reason about the potential of these, and suggest and implement dependent mixture- and Bayesian models that exploit joint conditional densities, models that each have their own trade-offs with regard to computational cost and complexity, and prediction accuracy. Such models can outperform well-established classifiers, such as Gradient Boosting Machines. All of our empirical evaluation comprise large datasets, software and experiments, all of which we have published alongside the results as open-access. We have reused, extended and created datasets, and released software packages for change detection and Bayesian models used for all of the studies conducted.
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Mäkäräinen, Minna. "Software change management processes in the development of embedded software /." Espoo [Finland] : Technical Research Centre of Finland, 2000. http://www.vtt.fi/inf/pdf/publications/2000/P416.pdf.
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Harris, Fiona M. "Growing Gods : Bidayuh processes of religious change in Sarawak, Malaysia." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/23037.
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In 1959, a road was built from Kuching, the state capital of Sarawak, to Padawan on the Indonesian border. This road facilitated an increased flow of people and commodities between the villages of the Padawan area and ‘urban’ centres. Soon, mission schools and wage labour followed, and as rice gradually shifted from the centre to the periphery of most people’s lives, the path was made clear for the first conversions to Catholicism. This thesis explores processes of religious change through discussions of the motivating factors behind ‘conversion’ and by exploring how the adoption of Catholicism articulates with the lifeworld as it was before baptism. Although this research focuses primarily on Kampung Gayu and its offshoot villages, the analysis presented here contributes to a growing body of literature on the anthropology of ‘conversion’. Dominant themes from studies of Southeast Asian kinship are drawn together to show how these can effectively enhance an understanding of religious change: particularly by exploring relatedness, sociality and incorporation. Furthermore, the notion of ‘fluidity’ provides a conceptual starting point from which the analysis explores ‘ethnicity’ and the production of locality, power and ‘potency’, house form, and work, ritual and the economy. The thesis demonstrates how a broad range of theoretical interests are implicated in the study of ‘conversion’.
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Mahgerefteh, Hengameh. "Integrative behavioral couple therapy| A case study focusing on change processes, change mechanisms, and cultural considerations." Thesis, Pepperdine University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3716468.
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This qualitative discovery-oriented case study sought to examine and describe change processes and change mechanisms related to successful treatment with Integrative Behavioral Couple Therapy. The model of psychotherapy change by Brian Doss (2004) was utilized as a framework for this study, which included one couple who experienced marital distress at the outset of therapy and was categorized as “recovered” at the end of treatment. Cultural considerations were also emphasized in this study. Processes of change included, but were not limited to, vulnerability, unified detachment, and empathic joining. Some notable change mechanisms included increases in acceptance and decreases in negative behaviors. Ideas for future psychotherapy change research are provided.
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Pardikes, Nicholas A. "Global Change and Trophic Interaction Diversity| Complex Local and Regional Processes." Thesis, University of Nevada, Reno, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10282934.
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The structure and functioning of ecosystems across the globe are rapidly changing due to several components of global environmental change (GEC). My dissertation aims to illustrate how regional and local aspects of GEC impact diverse assemblages of species and species interactions. All organisms are embedded in complex networks of species interactions, and future efforts to predict and mitigate the impacts of GEC on ecological communities will be facilitated by such studies that incorporate a suite of species and species interactions. This study advances our understanding of how GEC will impact ecological communities by investigating two questions about GEC: 1) How will shifts in global climate cycles (e.g., El Nino Southern Oscillation), as a consequence of global warming, impact a diverse assemblage of butterflies that exist across a heterogeneous landscape? 2) What are the consequences of woody plant encroachment on complex, specialized interactions between plants, insect herbivores, and natural enemies (e.g., insect parasitoids)? Furthermore, I helped develop a tool to identify characteristics of ecological communities that are essential for promoting the diversity of trophic interactions. While the loss of species diversity is well recognized, interactions among species are vanishing at an astonishing rate, yet we know little about factors that determine the diversity of interactions within a community. Using data from a long-term butterfly monitoring dataset, I was able to demonstrate the utility of large-scale climate indices (e.g., ENSO) for modeling biotic/abiotic relationships for migratory butterfly species. Next, I used encroaching juniper woodlands in the Intermountain West to uncover that population age structure of dominant tress, such as juniper, can affect plant-insect dynamics and have implications for future control efforts in the expanding woodlands. Additionally, reductions of understory plant diversity, as a consequence of juniper expansion, resulted in significantly lower parasitism rates and parasitoid species diversity. Finally, simulated food webs revealed that species diversity and, to a lesser degree, consumer diet breadth, promote the diversity of trophic interactions. As ecosystems across the globe experience changes and the loss of species diversity continues, these findings offer insight into how GEC will impact species and species interactions.
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Hooten, Mevin B. "Hierarchical spatio-temporal models for ecological processes." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4500.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file viewed on (April 26, 2007) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Pathack, Beenay M. R. "Modulation of South African summer rainfall by global climatic processes." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/21735.
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Global climatic processes which control the interannual variability of summer rainfall over South Africa are studied. Monthly and seasonal rainfall variations are analysed with respect to fluctuations in sea surface temperature (SST), outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) and tropospheric winds. OLR is used as a proxy for convective intensity and for the identification of areas of sympathy and opposition to convection over South Africa. Wind data (and derived parameters) are employed to explore large- scale tropical dynamical structures. Plausible explanations are offered for the observed associations. A change in sign of the correlation structure from the October/November rainfall regime to the December through March regime is indicative of a shift from downstream advective processes (Atlantic side) to a teleconnection-type of behaviour (Indian Ocean side). Rainfall variations during the late summer months show significant (and negative) links with SST fluctuations within the equatorial/tropical Pacific and Indian Ocean areas and are consistent with results obtained in analyses with respect to OLR fluctuations. December OLR in the Western Equatorial Indian Ocean is associated with a large portion of the variance in late summer rainfall, and points to a possible relation with the evolution of the Indian monsoon. The positive association implies that reduced cloudiness off the eastern coast of equatorial Africa in the spring precedes above normal mid- and late- summer rainfall over South Africa. Vertical mass overturnings are investigated through the velocity potential and derived parameters (the Zonal Circulation and Meridional Circulation Indices). The results suggest that the vertical tropospheric cells are among the important associated components which modulate climate across southern Africa, and that broad scale flows have an impact upon regional circulation cells. Evaluation of the vertical circulations with respect to wet and dry composites reveals that the Walker-type cell which connects a branch over the Indian Ocean gradually forms after November and reaches peak development in February. A slight increase of SST in the Central Equatorial Indian Ocean (CEI) modifies the Walker cell anomaly leading to below normal summer rainfall over South Africa. Additional thermodynamic inputs in the CEI region are conducive to deeper convection, hence elevated outflow signatures are observed in the velocity potential and related fields. It is conjectured that the teleconnections between South Africa, the CEI and the remote Pacific Ocean regulate the depth of moisture influx and convergence over South Africa. Based on the results of this study, it is believed that empirical models could be designed for long-range prediction of summer rainfall anomalies over the central interior of South Africa.
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Hussain, Sumerra. "Estimating the magnitude of change following and modelling change processes in, cognitive behaviour therapy for chronic pain." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.418749.
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Hart, James M. "Change in policing systems : a systems perspective of the processes and management of change in police organisations." Thesis, City University London, 1995. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/7704/.
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Neighbourhood Policing (N.P.) was first described and presented in two undergraduate theses at the City University, London. An experimental system was designed to test the N.P. propositions and implementation of evaluated trials followed at selected London and Surrey police divisions between 1982 and 1986. From this origin, the Metropolitan and Surrey Police organisations developed their present geographical policing systems. The duration of the change process exceeded ten years from specification to widespread and effective implementation of the N.P. principles. The period of change is argued to be associated with the process and management of change in police organisations, rather than features of the N.P. project itself. It is argued that design of the N.P. system was an appropriate and practical derivation of an accurate systems analysis of the policing 'problem situation'. Change in police organisations is the focus of this research, using the N.P. project as an empirical study. A systems based, multidisciplinary approach is adopted to review the N.P. project and evaluations, as well as to analyse the nature of organisational change in the context of policing systems. Chapter One introduces the subject and specifies the research objectives. Chapters Two and Three describe details of the policing environment, the N.P. concepts, the elements of the policing system and the N.P. systems evaluation concept. Chapter Four reviews the project evaluation material and advances a critical analysis of the findings. Chapters Five, Six and Seven analyse the process of change within policing systems, examining both organisational issues and human characteristics. Heuristic models of the processes, dynamics and complexity of change are proposed. Chapter eight concludes that the systems approach, the systems analysis and the systemic design of N.P. are all appropriate to contemporary policing. The implementation processes and the subsequent evaluations of N.P. are argued to have made less than adequate contributions to the successful achievement of major organisational change. The research concludes by advancing a number of principles for change management in police organisations.
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Capell, René. "Modelling dominant runoff processes using tracers and landscape organisation in larger catchments." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2011. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=186120.
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This work has contributed to the understanding of dominant runoff generation at the large catchment scale and to the understanding of the relationships between landscape properties and hydrological behaviour. The developed models were used to estimate the climate change impact on the hydrology in the study catchment. A multivariate geochemical tracer survey was carried out in North Esk catchment in north east Scotland. A generic typology was developed using multivariate statistical methods to characterise the hydrochemical tracer response. Upland headwater runoff was dominant downstream in winter and provided significant flows during base flow periods in summer. These insights were complemented by a conjunctive analysis of long-term river flow data and a one year stable isotope survey. Integrative metrics of transit times, hydrometric responses, and catchment characteristics were explored for relationships at the large catchment scale. The evaluation that the associated soils and bedrocks, themselves controlling the flow path distribution, have a strong influence on the integrated hydrological catchment response. The empirically-based understanding of dominant runoff generation processes in the North Esk uplands and lowlands were used in a stepwise rainfall-runoff model development. Tracers were directly incorporated to reduce structural and parameter uncertainty. The integration of tracers helped reduce parameter uncertainty. These tracer-aided models increased confidence for using them to explore the effects of environmental change. Climate change impacts in the catchment where explored by forcing the models with projected climate change forcing from the UK Climate Projections 2009. The results revealed landscape-specific changes in the hydrological response with increased summer drought risk in the lowlands and diminishing snow influence and increased winter floods in the uplands. The spatial integration mediated the extremes observed in the subcatchments.
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Henning, Matthias. "Preparation for lane change manoeuvres: Behavioural indicators and underlying cognitive processes." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-201001033.
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Die vorliegende Arbeit widmet sich der Erforschung der Fahrer-Fahrzeug-Interaktion mit dem Ziel der Fahrerabsichtserkennung bei Spurwechselmanövern. Diese Fahrmanöver sind mit einer überproportionalen Unfallhäufigkeit verbunden, die sich in den Unfallstatistiken widerspiegelt. Laut Statistischem Bundesamt (2008) kamen im Jahr 2007 12,0% (1857) aller Unfälle mit schwerem Sachschaden auf Autobahnen in Deutschland aufgrund von Zusammenstößen mit seitlich in die gleiche Richtung fahrenden Fahrzeugen zustande (S. 65). Mit Hilfe der Information über einen intendierten Spurwechsel kann ein System an das zukünftige Fahrerverhalten angepasst werden, um so die Funktionalität und damit das Sicherheitspotential des Gesamtsystems zu erhöhen. Zusätzlich können mit dieser Information auch unerwünschte Systemeingriffe unterdrückt werden, die den Fahrer stören und so zu einer Minderung der Akzeptanz des jeweiligen Fahrerassistenz- und Informationssystems führen könnten. So kann einerseits ein Assistenzsystem eingeschaltet werden, das den Spurwechsel erleichtert (z.B. Side Blind Zone Alert, Kiefer & Hankey, 2008). Zum anderen kann ein Assistenzsystem abgeschaltet werden, das den Fahrer irrtümlich warnen würde, wie zum Beispiel ein Spurverlassenswarner im Falle eines beabsichtigten Überfahrens der Fahrspur (Henning, Beyreuther et al., 2007).
In diesem Zusammenhang bilden drei Untersuchungen das Herzstück der vorliegenden Arbeit. In einer Feldstudie untersuchten Henning, Georgeon, Dapzol und Krems (2009) Indikatoren, die auf die Vorbereitung eines Spurwechsels hindeuten und fanden dabei vor allem Blickverhalten in den linken Außenspiegel als einen geeigneten und sehr frühen Indikator. Dieser dient wahrscheinlich vor allem dem Aufbau einer mentalen Repräsentation des rückwärtigen Verkehrs. In einer anschließenden Fahrsimulatorstudie wurde experimentell erforscht, wie diese mentale Repräsentation beschaffen ist und in welchen Komponenten des Arbeitsgedächtnisses sie gespeichert wird (Henning, Beyreuther, & Krems, 2009). In einer dritten Studie, bestehend aus zwei Laborexperimenten, wurde nach einer Schwelle für den Übergang von einer statischen in eine dynamische mentale Repräsentation sich nähernder Fahrzeuge mit Hilfe des Paradigmas des Representational Momentum (Freyd & Finke, 1984) gesucht und ebenfalls deren Lokalisation im Arbeitsgedächtnis erforscht (Henning & Krems, 2009).
Die den drei Manuskripten vorangestellte Einleitung dient der allgemeinen Einführung in das Thema und der Einordnung der Befunde. Dabei wird zuerst der Spurwechselprozess dargestellt, gefolgt von einer Diskussion der zugrundeliegenden kognitiven Prozesse und einem Exkurs über die Möglichkeiten der Spurwechselabsichtserkennung und deren Verbesserung im Lichte der Befunde.
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Huygens, Ingrid Louise Maria. "Processes of Pakeha change in response to the Treaty of Waitangi." The University of Waikato, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2589.
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The sense of crisis that marks our times may be seen as a crisis for dominant groups whose once-secure hegemony is being challenged by marginalised others. It is in theorising the reply from the dominant group to the voices of the oppressed that existing Western conceptions of social change fall silent. The dominant Pakeha group in Aotearoa New Zealand has used discourses of benign colonisation and harmonious race relations to resist 165 years of communication from indigenous Māori about their oppression and a dishonoured treaty for settlement. My research documents the appearance of the Treaty of Waitangi into the Pakeha consciousness, and the now 30 year-long response by a Pakeha antiracism movement to educate their own cultural group about its agreements. Targeting government, community and social services organisations, activist educators used Freire's (1975) approach of conscientising dialogue to present a more critical view of colonisation, and to encourage participants to consider the complicity of their organisations in ongoing structural and cultural racism. Based on my membership of local and national networks of activist educators, I was able to organise and facilitate data gathering from three sources to investigate processes of Pakeha change in: (i) unpublished material describing the antiracism and Treaty movement's historical theorising and strategies over 30 years, (ii) a country-wide process of co-theorising among contemporary Treaty educator groups about their work and perceived influence, and (iii) a collection of organisational accounts of Treaty-focused change. The collected records confirmed that a coherent anti-colonial discourse, which I have termed 'Pakeha honouring the Treaty', was in use to construct institutional and constitutional changes in non-government organisations. My interpretation of key elements in a local theory of transforming action included emotional responses to counter-cultural information, collective work for cultural and institutional change and practising a mutually agreed relationship with Māori. I concluded that these emotional, collective and relationship processes in dominant group change were crucial in helping to construct the new conceptual resources of 'affirming Māori authority' and 'striving towards a right relationship with Māori'. These counter-colonial constructions allowed Pakeha a non-resistant and facilitative response to Māori challenge, and enabled a dialogue with Māori about decolonisation. By examining in one research programme the genealogy and interdependencies of a new discourse, my research contributes to theorising about the production of new, counter-hegemonic discourses, and confirms the crucial part played by social movements in developing new, liberatory constructions of the social order. My research calls for further theory-building on (i) emotional and spiritual aspects of transformational learning, (ii) processes involved in consciously-undertaken cultural change by dominant/coloniser groups, and (iii) practising of mutually agreed relationships with indigenous peoples by dominant/coloniser groups. My research has implications for theorising how coloniser and dominant groups generally may participate in liberatory social change and decolonisation work, and the part played by the Western states in the global struggles by indigenous people for recognition of their world-views and aspirations. It remains to be seen whether counter-colonial discourses and organisational changes aimed at 'honouring the Treaty' with indigenous peoples will be sufficiently widely adopted to help transform Western dominating cultures and colonial projects. In the meantime, acknowledging and documenting these counter-colonial discourses and their constructions opens up increasing possibilities for constructing, from a history of colonisation, a different future.
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Hylander, Ingrid. "Turning processes : the change of representations in consultee-centered case consultation /." Linköping : Univ, 2000. http://www.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp2000/ibv74s.htm.
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Villemain, Stéphane. "Statistical modeling of daily streamflow processes in consideration of climate change." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=19279.
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Water resource planners need to develop contingency plans to deal with the potential impacts of climate variability and changes in the frequency and magnitude of riverflows. Recently, General Circulation Models (GCMs) have been recognized to be able to represent reasonably well the main features of the global atmospheric circulation for the current climate and could produce details of future climate conditions. This study is concerned with the development of statistical models that could describe accurately the linkage between large-scale GCM simulations and observations of the streamflow process at Eaton, Quebec, Canada. Such a linkage could be used to predict the resulting change of the selected streamflow characteristics from the projected change of climate conditions given by GCMs. These models are based on the application of linear regression methods to link historical streamflow data with climatic predictors at the daily scale as well as on the use of stochastic autoregressive modeling. Results of this numerical application have indicated that the combined regression-autoregressive model with log-normal random noise could provide accurate description of observed statistical daily flow properties at the study site. This model was then used to assess future streamflow conditions from CGCM1 (Coupled Global Climate Model from the Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis, version 1) and HadCM3 (Hadley Centre Coupled Model, version 3) outputs for different climate change scenarios.L'étude des impacts potentiels des changements du climat et de sa variabilité sur les ressources en eau demande de modéliser l'évolution future des débits de rivières. Les Modèles de Circulation Générale (GCMs) sont de récents outils qui fournissent une l'information fiable sur l'évolution future des variables atmosphériques. La présente étude a pour but de développer des modèles statistiques permettant de relier ces variables climatiques aux variables de débit. De tels outils permettraient d'obtenir de l'information sur l'évolution future des débits à partir des simulations GCM. Ces modèles sont fondés sur l'utilisation conjointe à l'échelle journalière de techniques de régression linéaires et de techniques stochastiques autorégressives. En particulier, le modèle combiné régression-autorégression avec une génération aléatoire lognormale de résidus donne des résultats satisfaisants. Ce modèle a été utilisé pour évaluer l'évolution future des conditions de débit en utilisant des scénarios de changement climatique CGCM1 (Modèle couplé climatique global du Centre Canadien de la modélisation et de l'analyse climatique, version 1) et HadCM3 (Modèle couplé du centre Hadley, version 3).
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Cung, Annie. "Statistical modeling of extreme rainfall processes in consideration of climate change." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=100788.
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Extreme rainfall events may have catastrophic impacts on the population and infrastructures, therefore it is essential to have accurate knowledge of extreme rainfall characteristics. Moreover, both the scientific community and policymakers have recently shown a growing interest in the potential impacts of climate change on water resources management. Indeed, changes in the intensity and frequency of occurrence of extreme rainfall events may have serious impacts. As such, it is important to understand not only the current patterns of extreme rainfalls but also how they are likely to change in the future.The objective of the present research is therefore to find the best method for estimating accurately extreme rainfalls for the current time period and future periods in the context of climate change. The analysis of extreme rainfall data from the province of Quebec (Canada) revealed that, according to L-moment ratio diagrams, the data may be well described by the Generalized-Extreme-Value (GEV) distribution. Results also showed that a simple scaling relationship between non-central moments (NCM) and duration can be established and that a scaling method based on NCMs and scaling exponents can be used to generate accurate estimates of extreme rainfalls at Dorval station (Quebec, Canada). Other results demonstrated that the method of NCMs can accurately estimate distribution parameters and can be used to construct accurate Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF) curves.
Furthermore, a regional analysis was performed and homogenous regions of weather stations within Quebec were identified. A method for the estimation of missing data at ungauged sites based on regional NCMs was found to yield good estimates.
In addition, the potential impacts of climate change on extreme rainfalls were assessed. Changes in the distribution of annual maximum (AM) precipitations were evaluated using simulations from two Global Climate Models (GCMs) under the A2 greenhouse gas emission scenario: the Coupled Global Climate Model version 2 (CGCM2A2) of the Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis, and the Hadley Centre's Model version 3 (HadCM3A2). Simulations from these two models were downscaled spatially using the Statistical DownScaling Model (SDSM). A bias-correction method to adjust the downscaled AM daily precipitations for Dorval station was tested and results showed that after adjustments, the values fit the observed AM daily precipitations well. The analysis of future AM precipitations revealed that, after adjustments, AM precipitations downscaled from CGCM2A2 increase from current to future periods, while AM precipitations downscaled from HadCM3A2 show a mild decrease from current to future periods, for daily and sub-daily scales.
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Denford, Sarah. "Identifying processes associated with behaviour change in asthma self-care interventions." Thesis, Exeter and Plymouth Peninsula Medical School, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.541701.
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Rayner, J. Kate. "Clients' experience and understanding of change processes in cognitive analytic therapy." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2005. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/6073/.
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SECTION 1: LITERATURE REVIEW This paper reviews the qualitative literature exploring the experience of individual psychotherapy and counselling from the client's perspective. It considers the client's experience in three broad phases: pre-therapy feelings on becoming a client, the middle phase of therapy and the ending of therapy. It provides an updated synthesis of the available literature and presents a critique of that literature. The review demonstrates the rich diversity of experiences that are uncovered when exploring therapy from the clients' perspective. SECTION 11: RESEARCH REPORT This paper reports the findings of a qualitative study exploring clients' experiences and understanding of change processes in Cognitive Analytic Therapy (CAT). Using grounded theory methodology the study utilised a three stage design to develop a 'bottom up' theoretical model allowing for constant member validation. Within this process, a total of 15 end of therapy interviews were conducted with nine clients who had received a course of individual CAT. The core conceptual framework, 'doing with' emerged from the analysis and was conceptualised to represent clients' subjective experience of CAT. This framework subsumed four main inter-related themes each interacting and influencing the other; 'being with the therapist', 'keeping it real', 'understanding and feeling' and 'CAT tools'. SECTION III: CRITICAL APPRAISAL The first part of this paper presents a synopsis, with personal reflections, of the research process from its origins to write up. The second part discusses the main learning experiences gained from the study.
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Larsen, Henry. "Spontaneity and power : theatre improvisation as processes of change in organizations." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/14236.
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Theatre has gained wider use in organizational change processes, either as Forum Theatre inspired by Boal (1998, [1979] 2000) or as improvisation inspired by Johnstone (1981,1999); and in recent years, a number of authors have reflected upon this when seeking to understand its impact. Some suggest that theatre is a kind of laboratory where change takes place beside and after the work with theatre. Others, such as postmodernists, see theatre as a forum for revealing the oppression that can exist within organizations. This thesis takes another direction. Forum Theatre has been an inspiration; but, based on my experience of working with theatre improvisation as processes for organizational change, I have come to negate Boal's understanding of Forum Theatre as Theatre of the Oppressed. Instead I see conflicts between people in the organization as key. I argue for a link between theatre improvisation and understanding human interaction as complex responsive processes, and I come to see organizations and organizational change as temporal and constantly recreated through local interactions among people, where power relations, seen as dependency, are essential. The processes of relating involve responding to each other in recognisable and yet surprising ways, that is, with spontaneity. Spontaneity can be recognized as liveliness: one finds oneself in spontaneous activity when one becomes unsure of the response the other will take to one's gesture. Daring to be spontaneous is essentially risky because it challenges power relations, which themselves are maintained only by continuously responding to each other in ways that are mutually expected. Working with theatre improvisation is seen as paradoxically fictitious and real at the same time, because the actor's supposedly fictitious work is constantly met by a real response from the audience - real in the sense that people react from their own experience. By experiencing this together, power relations are immediately changing - not as a result of the work, but as a part of it. Theatre improvisation serves as an invitation to spontaneity, an invitation to be aware of changes in each other's reaction. The apparently fictitious character of the work makes it appear safe to do so.
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Kim, Min Seong. "Processes of social change in the works of Badiou and Laclau." Thesis, University of Essex, 2018. http://repository.essex.ac.uk/23439/.
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No theory of social change can circumvent the task of specifying the process that transforms the existent order into a different order, and determining that which accounts for the difference between those two orders. This thesis examines whether the theories of social change found in the works of Alain Badiou and Ernesto Laclau succeed in fulfilling this task. Badiou contends that a political process transforms the situation in which it unfolds in so far as what it produces is a ‘truth’. Certain implications of the set-theoretical ontological discourse through which Badiou conceptualizes truths, however, prevents an unambiguous appraisal of their socially transformative character. Although Badiou stipulates that the transformative potential of a truth lies in its ‘generic’ universality, this universality becomes indistinguishable from particularity when its transformative effects are limited to a situation—but it is precisely the interplay between situations, in the plural, that is not adequately reflected in set-theoretical ontology. Whilst Laclau’s theory of hegemony can be interpreted as providing an account of this interplay between pluralities of situations, it has its own shortcoming: the transition between different social orders cannot be thought under hegemony theory as anything other than a transition wherein the to-come is conditioned by the present to an extent that is theoretically underdetermined, resulting in the blurring of the distinction between social transformation and social reproduction. The final part of this thesis explores the possibility of bringing together the Laclauian notion of the ‘simplification’ of the social space through hegemonic articulation and Badiou’s theorization of truth procedure, in an attempt to conceive the particular kind of situation in which a political process would potentially have far-reaching socially transformative consequences.