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1
Smith, Lindsay C. "Organizational Change Development Interventions: Are Multiple Interventions Useful?" Thesis, University of North Texas, 2005. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4802/.
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The effects of multiple interventions in organizational development change were studied in a comprehensive meta-analytic review. Thirteen organizational interventions were assessed on five outcome variables based upon previous research of six major meta-analytic reviews. Findings based on 138 studies indicated that there were no significant effects of multiple interventions on positive organizational change as opposed to individually implemented interventions. The findings are not congruent with previous findings of organizational development change, and possible issues surrounding these differences are discussed.
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van, Beurden Samantha Barbara. "Designing, delivering, and evaluating novel interventions to support dietary change for weight management." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/34519.
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Background: Recent empirical research and theoretical models acknowledge that impulsive processes, can often undermine peoples’ attempts to lose weight despite currently available and effective support (Chapter 2). Aim: To develop, deliver, and evaluate an impulse management intervention to support weight loss in adults. Methods: A systematic review was conducted to identify available impulse management techniques for influencing eating behaviour (Chapter 3). Intervention Mapping was used to develop the intervention (Chapter 4) which drew on various sources including the findings from the systematic review, stakeholder consultations, existing guidance, and qualitative interviews. A two-arm randomised controlled feasibility trial (Chapter 5), with nested mixed-methods process evaluation and two cycles of intervention delivery and data collection (Chapter 6), was conducted. This assessed the feasibility and acceptability of, and informed refinements to, both the intervention and trial procedures in preparation for a full-scale effectiveness evaluation. Weight was measured as the proposed primary outcome for a full-scale trial at baseline, one-month, and three-months of follow-up, app usage data were collected at both follow-up time points, and semi-structured interviews were conducted at one-month with a subsample of intervention group participants only. Results: The systematic review critically appraised and synthesised evidence on 17 identified techniques which were categorised as Impulse-focused or Reflective techniques. Promising changes in eating behaviour and craving were found for the techniques of visuospatial loading, physical activity, and implementation intentions. Intervention Mapping resulted in development of a novel smartphone app-based intervention (ImpulsePal) aimed to reduce unhealthy snacking, overeating, and alcoholic and sugary drink consumption using impulse management techniques identified in the systematic review. Eighty-eight adults with a Body Mass Index of ≥25kg/m2 and wishing to lose weight, were recruited and randomised in a 2:1 ratio to use ImpulsePal (n=58) or to a waiting list control (n=30) group. Data were available for 74 participants (84%) at one-month and 67 (76%) at three months. Exploratory analyses suggest that the ImpulsePal group (n=43) lost 1.03kg (95% CI 0.33 to 1.74) more than controls (n=26) at one-month, and 1.01kg (95% CI -0.45 to 2.47) more at three months. Participants reported high satisfaction with the intervention and trial procedures. The process evaluation suggests that ImpulsePal and the impulse management techniques are feasible to deliver and acceptable to users. Interviews with twenty-two participants suggest that they valued having access to in-the-moment support, felt more aware of their own eating behaviour and influences on it, and felt an increased ability to resist temptations. Conclusions: This work has developed a novel, theory- and evidence-informed, person-centred app which showed potential to improve impulse management, promote healthier eating, and support weight loss. ImpulsePal is acceptable to overweight and obese adults who want to lose weight and is now ready for evaluation in a full-scale trial. The thesis discusses theoretical, methodological, and practical implications for the future development, evaluation, and implementation of digital behaviour change interventions.
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Parra, Agudelo Leonardo. "Street interventions for change: Designing with grassroots organisations." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2017. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/106912/4/Leonardo_Parra-Agudelo_Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis explores how to achieve social change through street design interventions from the bottom-up in Bogota, Colombia. The study seeks to better understand challenges and opportunities of urban activism by examining two grassroots community organisations that tackle social issues including inequality, poverty, and segregation.
Design is increasingly being directed towards social change. This thesis outlines an innovative approach for urban grassroots organisations to address social issues through design. The thesis provides a critical discussion informed by empirical studies about the role of design in a post-conflict Colombia as an inclusive process for fostering social inclusion, and civic innovation.
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Booth, Richard. "The process of change during three interventions for claustrophobia." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30600.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the process of change during three interventions for claustrophobia, and to provide descriptive data about this fear. Forty-eight participants, recruited from the community through the local media, were randomly assigned to one of four groups: exposure to the locked test closet used for assessment, exposure to the sensations of anxiety (interoceptive exposure), modification of underlying negative cognitions, or a control group. All interventions were given over three sessions. The exposure group proved superior to the control on a wide range of measures. In the cognitive group, scores of reported fear and panic, but not predictions of fear or heart rate, were lowered, an important finding since this group had no exposure to the closet during training. The interoceptive group made some modest gains, but these did not translate into reduction in fear scores. An analysis of the timing of fear reduction, and of treatment generalization, provided some clues as to the mechanism of change. Structured interviews provided data on aspects of the fear including its onset, patterns of current avoidance, and common salient cognitions. The results are discussed in the light of recent findings on panic disorder.Arts, Faculty of
Psychology, Department of
Graduate
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Bitter, James. "Adlerian Interventions in the Process of Change, Keynote Address." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2002. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/6082.
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Lloyd, J. J. "Preventing childhood obesity : developing complex interventions for behaviour change." Thesis, Exeter and Plymouth Peninsula Medical School, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.700624.
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Nazaruk, Marcin. "Developing safety culture interventions in the manufacturing sector." Thesis, University of Bath, 2011. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.545340.
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This thesis offers a commentary on the use of an embedded approach to explore variables impacting on employee safety culture at a large manufacturing plant. A mixed method approach was adopted in order to assess the safety culture of the company. The assessment stage consisted of point-of- work observations; unstructured individual interviews, semi-structured focus groups and a safety culture survey. This afforded a detailed insight into a rich array of context-specific variables impacting on employee perceptions of safety in the company, referenced to leadership style, incident reporting, rule breaking / risk taking, time pressure, communication and reactive approach to addressing safety issues. The safety culture assessment was followed by the development and implementation of two safety culture improvement programmes (interventions). Two matched pairs of departments (two experimental and two control) were chosen in which to conduct the interventions. The first intervention comprised a replication (with enhancements) of Zohar’s (2003) safety climate improvement intervention. The results indicated that low trust towards the management and the researcher, the face validity of the intervention, negative past experiences, insufficiently transparent communication and alienation engendered a high resistance to change. Seeking to address the shortcomings of the first, the second intervention represented a more organic approach, in which the improvement programme was designed to mesh with and complement established quality management systems. An improvement in employee safety performance was observed in the first month following its introduction, however, it is also possible that this was a consequence of a lean manufacturing intervention that took place at the same time. Variables affecting the intervention success were further explored though interviews with a sample of safety experts. This resulted in the development of a six stage model for successful safety culture intervention design and implementation. The insights gained from these studies were fed back to the industrial sponsor to contribute to corporate insight and understanding into variables impacting on employee safety culture and the design of successful safety improvement programs.
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Ashworth, Mark. "Interventions to change general practitioner prescribing in primary care organisations." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.403970.
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Wang, Yunlong [Verfasser]. "Designing Digital Health Interventions for Sedentary Behavior Change / Yunlong Wang." Konstanz : KOPS Universität Konstanz, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1198680180/34.
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Taylor, C. A. "Investigating fidelity of health behaviour change interventions in general practice." Thesis, Coventry University, 2012. http://curve.coventry.ac.uk/open/items/961d5cd9-b24d-4b0b-8be5-2010a539b7ab/1.
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The aims of this thesis are to investigate the factors influencing treatment fidelity of health behaviour change (HBC) interventions. The thesis will focus on HBC interventions delivered by practice nurses (PNs) and health care assistants (HCAs) to patients within general practice, although the findings will be explored within the context of the wider treatment fidelity literature. The thesis comprises five studies, focussed on exploring, enhancing and assessing fidelity of delivery and receipt of HBC interventions. Through developing an enhanced understanding of these areas of treatment fidelity, the thesis will also make recommendations for strategies to enhance and assess fidelity of delivery and receipt of future HBC interventions. Study one is a meta-synthesis of qualitative studies that explored the views and experiences of nurses who had delivered HBC interventions with a focus on how this can inform future delivery of HBC interventions. Study two is an Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis of PNs’/HCAs’ experiences of helping patients to change their health behaviours within the context of their routine care, and before and after delivery of an intervention to facilitate increased walking. Study three reports a quantitative assessment of delivery of intervention techniques to facilitate increased walking, as specified in an intervention protocol, by PNs/HCAs. Study four explores PNs’/HCAs’ views and experiences of the factors that influenced their delivery of the walking intervention. Study five investigates treatment receipt, by exploring patients’ understanding of, and experiences of receiving the walking intervention. The key findings from this research are that delivery and receipt of HBC interventions within general practice are influenced by a range of factors that include the providers’ confidence and skills, the patients’ expectations and/or engagement with the intervention and the general practice within which the intervention is delivered. A number of these factors are difficult to influence and so research teams need to develop a range of strategies to enhance delivery and receipt of HBC interventions. These may include appropriate preparation for providers to deliver the intervention, the provision of a simple intervention resource to support delivery of the intervention and the development of strategies to enhance patients’ understanding of intervention techniques.
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Mylonopoulou, V. (Vasiliki). "MAD:designing social comparison features in health behaviour change technological interventions." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2019. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526222851.
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Abstract Health behaviour change is challenging and is addressed by the international community. Many people try to effect change for a healthier lifestyle, but they find it difficult to sustain their new habits. Today, technological applications support people who want to change their behaviour, oftentimes by utilising social influence: The influence of others on one’s behaviour. Social influence consists of different aspects, the particularities of which are often neglected in design. This thesis focusses on the design of the social comparison aspect of social influence. Social comparison psychology supports the view that when facing a lack of objective measurements, people tend to compare themselves to others who are similar to them for self-evaluation, self-enhancement, self-prediction, and coping. In psychology, social comparison theory has shown great potential in the aforementioned areas as well as challenges regarding its application. In the design of technology, social comparison theory has been utilised but lacks extensive exploration. In this thesis, four perspectives are considered to better understand social comparison in design: Existing designs, designers’ perspective, healthcare professionals’ perspective, and user research for social comparison. The four perspectives are explored using qualitative methodologies and through design science research. The knowledge took the form of a Multiple-perspective Approach Design (MAD) for social comparison features in technology that supports health behaviour change. MAD aims to support designers when working with social comparison in health behaviour change, by presenting social comparison potentials and challenges informed by the different perspectives. MAD builds upon the knowledge transferred from the field of psychology regarding social comparison and on the research conducted to understand the four perspectives of social comparisonTiivistelmä Terveyskäyttäytymisen muutos on haastavaa ja sitä käsittelee kansainvälinen yhteisö. Monet ihmiset yrittävät tehdä muutoksia kohti terveellisempiä elämäntapoja, mutta heidän on vaikea ylläpitää uusia tapojaan. Tänä päivänä teknologiset sovellukset tukevat ihmisiä, jotka haluavat muuttaa käyttäytymistään, usein hyödyntämällä sosiaalista vaikutusta: toisten vaikutusta omaan käyttäytymiseen. Sosiaalinen vaikutus koostuu erilaisista näkökulmista, joiden erityispiirteitä on usein laiminlyöty suunnittelussa. Tässä opinnäytetyössä keskitytään sosiaalisen vertailun näkökulman suunnitteluun sosiaalisessa vaikutuksessa. Sosiaalisen vertailun psykologia tukee näkemystä siitä, että objektiivisten mittausten puuttuessa, ihmiset pyrkivät vertaamaan itseään muihin, jotka ovat samankaltaisia, itsearvioinnin, itsensä vahvistamisen, itsearvioinnin ja selviytymisen kannalta. Psykologiassa sosiaalisen vertailun teoria on osoittanut potentiaalinsa edellä mainituilla aloilla, mutta sen soveltamiseen liittyy haasteita. Sosiaalisen vertailun teoriaa on hyödynnetty teknologian suunnittelussa, mutta laaja-alaisempi tutkimus aiheesta on puutteellista. Tässä opinnäytetyössä tarkastellaan neljää näkökulmaa ymmärtämään paremmin sosiaalista vertailua suunnittelussa: Olemassa olevat mallit, suunnittelijoiden näkökulma, terveydenhuollon ammattilaisten näkökulma ja käyttäjätutkimus sosiaaliseen vertailuun. Näitä neljää näkökulmaa tutkitaan käyttämällä laadullisia tutkimusmenetelmiä ja suunnittelutieteellistä tutkimusta. Kerätyn tiedon perusteella muodostettiin monia toimijoita tarkasteleva lähestymistapa suunnitteluun (MAD), joka koskee sosiaalisen vertailun ominaisuuksia teknologiassa, joka tukee terveyskäyttäytymisen muutosta. MAD pyrkii tukemaan suunnittelijoita, jotka työskentelevät sosiaalisen vertailun parissa terveyskäyttäytymisen muutoksessa, esittämällä sosiaalisen vertailun mahdollisuuksia ja haasteita, joita on kerätty eri näkökulmista. MAD perustuu psykologian alalta kerättyyn tietämykseen sosiaalista vertailusta ja toteutettuun tutkimukseen, joka on tehty sosiaalisen vertailun neljän näkökulman ymmärtämiseksi
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Hampton, Brandy M. "Tailoring Messages within the Stages of Change." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/46184.
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Tailored communications have been effective in increasing both recall and readership of health information. However, there is no clear evidence that tailoring is necessary or beneficial in creating behavior change. There are many possible sources for the inconsistencies in the empirical literature. This current research explores possible approaches to increase the effectiveness of message tailoring by incorporating components from the four main conceptual structures found in the literature.
In the first study, the Stages of Change Model was used to segment the sample into four distinct groups (precontemplative, contemplative, action, and maintenance). The behavioral determinants for respondents in each group were then identified. The differences between the precontemplative and contemplative segment suggest that an affective message will be more effective in changing intention for precontemplative respondents and a cognitive message will be more effective for the respondents in the contemplative segment. In a second study, an experimental study was conducted to test these alternative approaches. Results show that the proposed approaches did influence males as expected. However, females did not behave in the manner expected. Possible explanations for the differences between gender, such as behavior salience and information processing styles, are discussed. Overall, support is found for the use of tailoring messages to create behavior change.Master of Science
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Denford, Sarah. "Identifying processes associated with behaviour change in asthma self-care interventions." Thesis, Exeter and Plymouth Peninsula Medical School, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.541701.
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Ball, Emily. "Investigating support, sanctioning and behaviour change mechanisms in family-based interventions." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2017. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/19815/.
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This thesis investigates the use of conditionality mechanisms in family-based intensive interventions in England to achieve behaviour change in families who are perceived to exhibit problematic conduct in society. Conditionality can be defined as a contractual relationship based on ideas of social responsibility, where the citizen receives social assistance from the state, which is reciprocated by practices of positive behaviour change by the citizen (Dwyer, 2004; Deacon, 2004). The use of intensive intervention projects to challenge problematic behaviour in families has been a key strategy in social and family policy in England since 1997, however similar models of intensive case work approaches were used during the 1940s (Ball et al, 2016; Starkey, 2002). Intensive interventions are based on a key worker model and can be described as a holistic approach to support all family members in order to tackle the root causes of problems that are costly to society. However, if the family does not engage with the project they risk being subject to penalties (Flint, 2011a). When the Conservative-Coalition Government was elected in 2010 there was some ambiguity as to whether the use of intensive interventions would continue (Nixon et al, 2010). However, the 2011 urban riots appeared to be a trigger for David Cameron, the Prime Minister at the time, to reinstate a need for people to take responsibility, which could be learnt through the morals, values and routines that are embedded within paid labour (Arthur, 2015). Alongside ongoing welfare reform, the Troubled Families Programme was launched in 2012 and claimed it would ‘grip’ families and their problems and ‘make’ them change their behaviour by using enforcement if necessary (DCLG, 2012). This thesis explores the extent to which an intensive intervention project can ‘make’ individuals change their behaviour, and if so, by what means this may be achieved. The research has used a qualitative and longitudinal methodology and has explored the interactions between families engaged with, and the practitioners employed by different service providers in a large northern English city. Part of the methodology involved following 10 families subject to interventions over a seven-month period, in order to capture the micro-processes of behaviour change. The findings of the research are framed and analysed using Foucault’s conceptualisation of disciplinary power traditionally associated with projects of this nature (Garrett, 2007a; 2007b). This research found that existing governance logics are present in these intervention practices, but there are interesting nuances in the practitioner-family relationship that are not explored in existing academic critiques of governance and social control. However, despite these nuances that centre on the complex interaction between individual agency and practitioner authority, punitive tools (rather than supportive mechanisms) which can be used to influence behaviour though conditionality, can nevertheless, have profound effects on the lives of society’s most marginalised families and these raise ethical implications about the current direction of contemporary welfare policy.
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Zagorscak, Pavle [Verfasser]. "Mechanisms of Change in Internet-Based Interventions for Depression / Pavle Zagorscak." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2020. http://d-nb.info/120573550X/34.
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McLaughlin, Patrick. "Exploring aspects of organizational culture that facilitate radical product innovation in a small mature company." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1826/1119.
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Much recent discussion has highlighted the challenges posed by what have variously
been called “disruptive”, “discontinuous”, “breakthrough” and “radical” innovations.
Although the labelling may vary, the underlying themes appear to be consistent. In
particular it is clear that under conditions in which the dominant “rules of the game”
change as a result of emergent or shifting markets, major movements at the
technological frontier, dislocations in the regulatory environment etc, even
organizations with well-developed innovation capabilities get into difficulties. This is
less a matter of particular technological, market or political stimuli than of the
limitations of the repertoire of organizational responses available to the firm. This
resurfaces a long-running concern with managing innovation in two different modes,
namely “exploitation” and “exploration”.
This thesis reports the results of exploratory research into specific aspects of the
organizational culture within the Research and Development (R&D) setting of a small
mature UK based company, Cerulean. In doing so it also identifies and discusses key
management interventions for developing an innovation culture that facilitates radical
product innovation. Cerulean designs and manufactures quality control instrumentation
and has in the past been very successful with radically new products. In recent years
this propensity for “radicalness” has declined and the company now wishes to regain
this capability. A grounded research methodology and a participative action research
approach was utilised to surface issues that clearly illustrated both the presence and
intensity of aspects of organisation culture that enabled and inhibited radical product
innovation. Participative analysis of the data identified nine emerging themes and key
constructs of an innovation culture that was found to influence “radicalness” in new
product development ventures. The interrelationships between the themes were
discussed in the context of current theoretical perspectives in the field of innovation
management. This led to the development of a conceptual model that incorporates two
“ideal” archetypal forms of innovation culture. A composite instrument was developed
based on existing evaluation tools and used to assess the innovation culture. First use of
the instrument indicated areas of opportunity in developing a radical innovation culture.
Further participative analysis of the emergent themes and the assessment and
evaluations of the extant innovation culture, resulted in a series of management
interventions to stimulate the development of a culture to facilitate radical product
innovation. The design of the interventions was also informed by the literature and
other organizations, part of a national Discontinuous Innovation Forum (DIF)
undergoing similar ambitions. The proposed interventions comprise a series of linked
management actions in the form of a plan to shift the innovation culture of the company
closer to a desired radical innovation culture.
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White, Tom. "Climate change communications : understanding people's perceptions and evaluating the effectiveness of interventions." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/5410.
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A government-funded scheme, the UK Climate Change Communications Initiative (UKCCCI), provided money for organisations to deliver projects that attempted to impact positively on people’s attitudes towards climate change and to increase knowledge and awareness of the issue. This devolution of communications is a relatively novel approach after previous centralised campaigns. This thesis adopts a mixed-method approach; a qualitative and a quantitative study have been conducted based on three case studies of individual projects funded under the UKCCCI. The quantitative study analyses pre- and post-project surveys to assess whether the communications produced the desired changes in attitude, knowledge and awareness; results are generally mixed in relation to all three case studies as some statistics are more positive after communications, whereas some are less positive. Data from a regional UKCCCI project are compared with a nationally representative dataset; this analysis shows that attitudes, knowledge and awareness differ at regional and national scales, supporting the policy of devolving communications. Regional data are also analysed to see if there are differences between socio-demographic groups within a single target audience for communications; this analysis suggests that interventions must strike a balance between personalisation of information and the higher cost of targeting smaller groups with more specific material. The quantitative study uses conceptual content cognitive mapping (3CM) to discover the climate change-related knowledge of twenty subjects who received communications from two of the case study projects. Results suggest that people have knowledge of a wide range of issues related to climate change, but they do not possess a detailed scientific understanding. However, there is a high knowledge of how to mitigate climate change and this is expressed largely through individual actions and lifestyle choices. A template analysis was also conducted to discover what interviewees thought specifically about the communications and a range of practical recommendations are made for future projects. Implications are discussed in relation to future practical climate change communications projects, wider policy and academic research.
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Millward, Helen Amy. "The role of theatrical interventions in developing community change : an ethnographic study." Thesis, Keele University, 2017. http://eprints.keele.ac.uk/4181/.
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The purpose of this thesis is to explore the role of theatrical interventions in developing community change. The study explores the work of one theatrical outreach department known as Encompass, with reference to the five key themes of individual and collective change, space and play, co-production, communication and catharsis. This thesis argues that the work of Encompass can be seen as successful in facilitating change for community members both individually and collectively. Furthermore, this thesis suggests that the five key themes explored are interlinking and as such are combinable components in pursuit of change. An ethnographic approach underpinned by an interpretivist paradigm was employed during this study. Data collection was completed via semi-structured interviews, participant observations, document analysis and photography. This thesis suggests that theatrical outreach departments have the potential to make real and sustained contributions to the lives of individuals and communities. Creative methods such as Cultural animation are shown to have significant impacts in bringing together diverse sets of individuals to work on shared community problems, while also improving participant confidence. The study offers insight into the consequences of such work for theatrical practitioners, while also offering a new theoretical model illuminating the potentially interdependent relationships of the key themes explored within this thesis in relation to achieving individual and collective change. This thesis adds to the existing literature on how theatrical interventions can facilitate community change. The thesis also has the potential to benefit theatrical practitioners attempting to develop their work within their local communities, and individuals contemplating participation in Encompass projects.
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Andargachew, Sara. "The mechanisms of change in psychological interventions for children with emotional disorders." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.556151.
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There are significant variations in the effectiveness of psychological interventions for children with emotional problems and little is known about what makes them work. Nonspecific therapy factors are thought to be important to therapeutic outcome in psychological interventions for adults. However, literature in the area of child therapy is much more limited. The first paper critically reviews 14 empirical studies focusing on nonspecific factors in relation to therapeutic outcome of psychological interventions for children with emotional disorders. The nonspecific factors in question include therapeutic alliance factors, parent involvement, therapist factors and child involvement. The methodological strengths and weaknesses of these studies are considered in depth. Conclusions in this body of literature are tentative and there is limited evidence for a significant predictive relationship between nonspecific therapy factors and treatment outcome for children with emotional disorders. The purpose of paper B was to measure the relative impact of both specific and nonspecific therapy factors in relation to treatment outcome for 75 children (aged 7- 12) receiving cognitive behavioural therapy for anxiety disorders. The specific therapy factors included changes in the children's interpretations and plans in relation to hypothetically ambiguous scenarios. The nonspecific therapy factors included the therapeutic alliance, who the therapist was and adherence to a therapeutic manual. The results indicated that change in anticipated distress in response to hypothetically ambiguous scenarios (one of the specific therapy factors) was significantly associated with treatment outcome from the child's perspective. None of the nonspecific factors and none of the other specific factors were significantly associated with outcome. Perceived coping may be an important focus in psychological interventions for children with anxiety disorders. Clinical implications and considerations for future research are discussed in both papers.
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Zafar, Sonia. "Health psychology principles in behaviour change interventions : insights from practice and research." Thesis, City University London, 2012. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/3669/.
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The overall objective of the study was to identify factors which play a key role in diet and exercise behaviour for migrant and Danish bus drivers in a workplace setting. The aim was to develop a framework to illustrate how the individual, contextual and cultural influences on health behaviour (diet and physical activity) interplay in an everyday perspective. Data was collected using a qualitative approach. Methods applied consisted of contextual based observations and semi structured interviews with sixteen (n=16) bus drivers. Four interviews were conducted with Danish, four with Somali, four with Turkish and four with participants with a Pakistani ethnic origin. The data was analysed using grounded theory. The core category which emerged from the data was „impact of individual, contextual and cultural influences on health behaviours‟. The core category was supported by five higher order categories. These were as follows: (1) Meanings of health (2) health behaviour and the potential to change, (3) Maintaining Balance (4) Workplace influences on health (5) Positioning in the social context. Each of the higher order categories was further supported with categories and sub-categories. The analysis illustrated findings on different levels. As a result of the impact of individual, contextual and cultural findings, strive for balance through a process of equilibrium was core to well-being and health in an everyday perspective. A collection of factors from the different levels of influence played a key role on diet and physical activity in an everyday work-day context. These have been illustrated through the use of quotes and frameworks. Based on the findings of the study, future research and practice recommendations are outlined.
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Klyn, de Novelo Jessica. "The impact of intercultural differences in change agentry interventions in technology transfer." Scholarly Commons, 2012. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/833.
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This qualitative study explored the effects of intercultural differences on technology transfer interventions. More specifically, the emphasis was on key differences between the worldviews of change agents and clients that impact such change agentry attempts. Utilizing frameworks taken from intercultural relations, change agentry, and diffusion of innovations research, the study examined a single case of change agentry-the distribution of cookstoves to a rural community in Peru-in an attempt to answer the following question: How do intercultural differences help shape the results of change agentry interventions in technology transfer attempts?
The focus of this study was the distribution of "improved cookstoves" in rural Andean, Peru, by a rural aid organization based at a university in Lima, Peru. Individuals from both the aid organization and the community were interviewed regarding their experience, including the engineering and technical team responsible for diffusing the technology, as well as community members who adopted the technology, others who did not, and a third group trained by the aid organization to be local "experts" in the use of cookstoves.
The research contributes to a deeper understanding of the relationships between change agents and client recipients by contributing a,n intercultural perspective to discussions of the diffusion of innovations and development interventions.
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Elaheebocus, Sheik Mohammad Roushdat Ally. "On the inclusion of social media features in digital behaviour change interventions." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2018. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/423552/.
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Digital Behaviour Change Interventions are techniques for providing targeted advice and support for enabling sustainable and positive change in people through digital platforms. The possibility for conducting large scale interventions at low cost are becoming a reality while also offering increased flexibility in terms of time and location at which they can be undertaken. With the ubiquity of social media, there is a growing interest in tapping into the social influence prevalent among potential participants for enhancing the effectiveness of behavioural interventions. However, the lack of a consistent approach to incorporate social media features has resulted in only a limited number of interventions making use of them through non-standardised designs, making it difficult to compare the efficacy of social media features across studies. This thesis sets out the integration of social media features in a generic framework to demonstrate how intervention builders can identify, include and evaluate the most appropriate social media features into their behavioural interventions in a more standardised way. A systematic literature review was conducted to identity social media features that are commonly included in these interventions. This review, coupled with a thematic analysis of a focus group based study composed of experienced intervention builders and a pilot experiment to test for usability and feasibility, led to the development of an annotated taxonomy of social media features for behavioural interventions. An experiment to evaluate the inclusion of generic social media features in a behavioural intervention, facilitated by the taxonomy and though our framework was performed. This research demonstrated the feasibility and potential of using generic social media features in behavioural interventions with standardised designs, which will facilitate future evaluations of the impact of these features within interventions.
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Frantz, Shalagh A. "Mindfulness-Based Interventions and Processes of Change: A Conceptual Model for Clinicians." Wright State University Professional Psychology Program / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wsupsych1370434321.
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Coppin, Darren. "A psychosocial stage of change approach to unemployment: A psychosocial, stage of change approach to improve employment outcomes for the unemployed." Thesis, Australian Catholic University, 2018. https://acuresearchbank.acu.edu.au/download/a32d0047127fe68955837360512f8fb849e4be1878c942fad03d8f706d75d139/2739112/Coppin_2018_A_psychosocial_stage_of_change_approach.pdf.
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Unemployment has been found to have a detrimental impact on an individual’s well-being and mental health. This thesis aims to enhance our understanding of whether all jobseekers are truly jobseeking and explore what can be done to support behaviour changes in those who are not initially committed to returning to work. A first study tested the predictive validity of a stage of change measure on the re-employment success of 1,247 unemployed Australians. The study evidenced that different stages of commitment to jobseeking exist, and re-employment success rates corresponded to the predictions of the transtheoretical model of change. The stages are precontemplation (not considering getting a job), contemplation (not yet trying to get a job), preparation (wanting a job, but lacking confidence) and the action stage (actively seeking a job). This study uncovered a new stage of change, labelled unauthentic action (going through the motions of seeking a job without genuine commitment or confidence in gaining one). A second study tested the hypothesis that interventions focused on building well-being, resilience and self-efficacy may be packaged into a single psychosocial workshop (PS) to improve re-employment rates in a treatment group of 16- to 25-year-old unemployed Australians (N=75) versus a comparison group who received treatment as usual (TAU. N=257). The treatment group achieved significantly higher re-employment and sustained employment (13 weeks+) outcomes. A third study applied this PS intervention on a larger scale to adult jobseekers (N=2,459, with 549 randomly assigned to the PS program and 1,910 to TAU), measuring responses to the treatment corresponding to different stages of change. An important focus of the study was evaluating the extent to which the PS intervention effects were moderated by key variables in addition to the jobseeker’s stage of change. These variables included gender, age, location and length of time unemployed. As hypothesised, the PS intervention had varying effects corresponding with different stages of readiness to change. It was more effective than TAU among people classified as being in the precontemplation, contemplation, unauthentic action and preparation stages. However, the PS intervention added no value above TAU for those classified in the action stage (actively seeking a job). Study IV sought to build on Studies II and III by adding a customised one-to-one coaching program that was stage-matched to a jobseeker’s readiness for change, in addition to the group workshops. Given the ineffectiveness of the PS intervention for those in the action stage, and for pragmatic reasons, this group was provided only with the stage-matched coaching treatment. Variables were tracked to establish whether demographics such as age, gender, region, government jobseeker classification (‘stream’) and ethnicity impacted the efficacy of the intervention. This study involved 20,057 jobseekers who were randomly assigned to either the PS intervention (N=8,028) or TAU (N=12,029). The intervention, comprising both the PS intervention and stage-matched coaching, was more effective than TAU regardless of stage of change, age, gender and ethnicity (e.g. indigenous versus non-indigenous). The intervention was not effective for those living in remote areas and may have even had a negative influence. In this thesis, we discuss the importance of considering stage of change and context when utilising positive PS interventions to improve re-employment rates for the unemployed.
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Macdonald, Wendy Jane. "The role of positive emotions within parenting interventions as part of therapeutic change." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-role-of-positive-emotions-within-parenting-interventions-as-part-of-therapeutic-change(2f47f89c-1d78-4bac-bfec-5ceb6abaa4a0).html.
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This thesis has considered findings from evaluations of parenting programmes which have traditionally used outcome measures of negative affect and behaviour to measure change. Drawing on the considerable body of research on parenting programmes and their theoretical basis Paper 1 advances a line of argument about the potential for incorporating measures developed from research in the area of positive psychology. Extending outcomes of interest to incorporate measures of positive affect, attitudes and behaviour has the potential to contribute to our understanding of the mechanisms of change. No studies of parenting programmes using positive outcome measures were identified. Paper 1 concludes that future research of parenting programmes could begin to investigate the role of positive emotions as mechanisms of change. Paper 2 aimed to examine session-by-session changes in gratitude, positive and negative affect, satisfaction, authenticity, self-efficacy, defeat and entrapment in parents attending a Triple P Positive Parenting program. This study found that entrapment had a significant concurrent relationship with gratitude, negative and positive affect, authenticity, and satisfaction with life. Entrapment was also found to be a significant predictor of session by session change with lower levels of entrapment predicting increases in gratitude, negative and positive affect, and satisfaction. The study concludes that reductions in entrapment are a significant predictor of increases in positive affect and attitudes in carers attending a parenting programme. Paper 3 is a critical reflection and considers both Paper 1 and Paper 2. Within this paper the approaches used, the challenges encountered, and future research are considered.
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Thompson, Robert M. "Bottom-up constructions of top-down transformational change : change leader interventions and qualitative schema change in a spatially differentiated technically-oriented public professional bureaucracy." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2006. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16425/1/Robert_Thompson_Thesis.pdf.
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In the face of knowledge deficits in and poor outcome assessments of Organisation Transformation (OT), there is a need for a better understanding of the relationship between change leader interventions and qualitative organisational schema change, the collective knowledge structures that must be replaced or significantly elaborated if OT is to be realised.
Previous research on this relationship has (a) focused on imposed structural interventions and given little attention to large-scale human process interventions, (b) given little attention to the radical structural interventions frequently involved in the transformation of public organisations, (c) given little scrutiny to how organisational schema have been conceptualised, (d) given little scrutiny to recent propositions on schema change dynamics that may be contentious, and (e) given little consideration to the change management contexts in which leader influence may be neutralised.
In the light of these gaps in the literature, this thesis investigates, from the perspective of change recipients, the relationship between complex large-scale change leader interventions and qualitative organisational schema change in change management contexts thought to be inimical to leader influence. In particular, how efficacious are change leader interventions in realising qualitative organisational schema change in such contexts?
An interpretive longitudinal case study design was used to address this question. The case organisation is a spatially differentiated technically-oriented public Professional Bureaucracy located in Queensland. In this context, this thesis investigates, over a three-year period, the creation and evolution of three schema change contexts, or change trajectories, created by two temporally disconnected yet functionally inter-related change leader interventions.
Data collection techniques included focus group interviews, semi-structured interviews, and secondary sources. Data were collected from several sites, including Head Office functions and Regional and District offices, across Queensland. Data were collected on four occasions across the three-year period from early 2000 to late 2002.
The results reveal that (a) while there are no panaceas, public managers need more sophisticated intervention theories based on a knowledge of the relative efficacy of different interventions rather than relying on, predominantly, structural interventions, (b) viewing organisational schema in one-dimensional rather than multidimensional terms masks both the complexity of organisational schema change and the possibility of partial rather than configurational schema change, (c) while inter-schema conflict or dialectical processes were apparent, successful schema change was better explained by teleological processes than by dialectical processes, and (d) change leaders can have a powerful influence on OT in change management contexts thought to be inimical to change leader influence yet their influence is linked to high investments of time and effort.
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Thompson, Robert M. "Bottom-up constructions of top-down transformational change : change leader interventions and qualitative schema change in a spatially differentiated technically-oriented public professional bureaucracy." Queensland University of Technology, 2006. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16425/.
Full textAbstract:
In the face of knowledge deficits in and poor outcome assessments of Organisation Transformation (OT), there is a need for a better understanding of the relationship between change leader interventions and qualitative organisational schema change, the collective knowledge structures that must be replaced or significantly elaborated if OT is to be realised.
Previous research on this relationship has (a) focused on imposed structural interventions and given little attention to large-scale human process interventions, (b) given little attention to the radical structural interventions frequently involved in the transformation of public organisations, (c) given little scrutiny to how organisational schema have been conceptualised, (d) given little scrutiny to recent propositions on schema change dynamics that may be contentious, and (e) given little consideration to the change management contexts in which leader influence may be neutralised.
In the light of these gaps in the literature, this thesis investigates, from the perspective of change recipients, the relationship between complex large-scale change leader interventions and qualitative organisational schema change in change management contexts thought to be inimical to leader influence. In particular, how efficacious are change leader interventions in realising qualitative organisational schema change in such contexts?
An interpretive longitudinal case study design was used to address this question. The case organisation is a spatially differentiated technically-oriented public Professional Bureaucracy located in Queensland. In this context, this thesis investigates, over a three-year period, the creation and evolution of three schema change contexts, or change trajectories, created by two temporally disconnected yet functionally inter-related change leader interventions.
Data collection techniques included focus group interviews, semi-structured interviews, and secondary sources. Data were collected from several sites, including Head Office functions and Regional and District offices, across Queensland. Data were collected on four occasions across the three-year period from early 2000 to late 2002.
The results reveal that (a) while there are no panaceas, public managers need more sophisticated intervention theories based on a knowledge of the relative efficacy of different interventions rather than relying on, predominantly, structural interventions, (b) viewing organisational schema in one-dimensional rather than multidimensional terms masks both the complexity of organisational schema change and the possibility of partial rather than configurational schema change, (c) while inter-schema conflict or dialectical processes were apparent, successful schema change was better explained by teleological processes than by dialectical processes, and (d) change leaders can have a powerful influence on OT in change management contexts thought to be inimical to change leader influence yet their influence is linked to high investments of time and effort.
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Peschken, Wiebke E. "Interpersonal process, therapists' supportive and interpretive interventions, and intrapsychic change in psychodynamic psychotherapy." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0008/NQ41621.pdf.
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Krebs, Paul Michael. "Computerized, tailored, theory-based interventions for health behavior change : a comprehensive meta-analysis /." View online ; access limited to URI, 2007. http://0-digitalcommons.uri.edu.helin.uri.edu/dissertations/AAI3276990.
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Rentscher, Kelly E., and Kelly E. Rentscher. "Communal Coping as a Change Process in Couple-Focused Interventions for Health Problems." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625571.
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Communal coping—a process in which romantic partners view a problem or stressor as "ours" rather than "yours" or "mine" and engage in collaborative problem solving to address it —has emerged as an important predictor of health and treatment outcomes. This study investigated communal coping as a theoretically derived and empirically supported intervention target within two couple-focused interventions for health problems: Family Systems Therapy for problematic alcohol use and Family Consultation for health-compromised smoking. With a combined sample of 56 couples (37 alcohol, 21 smoking), this study investigated within-session changes in communal coping—indexed via observable, communal coping behaviors and first-person plural pronoun use (we-talk)—prior to and following therapist implementation of specific solution-focused therapy techniques that aimed to promote communal coping in the couples during a target therapy session. Teams of trained raters observed the target therapy sessions and made independent ratings of couple communal coping behaviors and therapist adherence. Pronoun measures for each partner were obtained via computerized text analysis from transcripts of partners' speech during the target therapy sessions. Both patients and spouses showed increases in communal coping behavior and we-talk from a "baseline" problem-focused therapy block to the "active" solution-focused therapy block. In addition, exploratory analyses revealed that several couple and therapist characteristics, as well as specific solution-focused techniques were associated with within-session changes in communal coping. Findings from this study identify communal coping as a client change process and solution-focused therapy techniques as a therapist change process within the two interventions, and demonstrate successful engagement of communal coping as a therapeutic target.
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Mgquba, Nolukhanyo. "Factors influencing effectiveness of change management interventions in a selected petrochemical company in the Western Cape, South Africa." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2663.
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Thesis (MTech (Business Administration))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017.Change in today‟s business situation may be seen as unavoidable; however, the absence of standard change interventions within an organisation can cause an impact on the functioning of the business and its survival in the long run. Thus, it is ideal for the South African petrochemical industry to find a suitable intervention for change models that will assist them in navigating its effectiveness. This study has used an investigative approach to understand the effectiveness of interventions of change management in petrochemical organisations in the Western Cape, South Africa. A qualitative case study was used in this research, as data was collected directly from interviews by fieldworkers, while written documents were also consulted. It was found that a number of factors influence effective change management in the SA petrochemical industry. Some of the factors that were elicited for this study include: organisational structure and size and administrative methods; the introduction of new technology; processing and communication; changes in employee demographics; government regulations; and economic competition. Furthermore, the study also provides a framework that can be used to guide and assess effective changes within the SA petrochemical industry.
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Snabe, Birgitte. "The usage of system dynamics in organizational interventions a participative modeling approach supporting change management efforts /." Wiesbaden : Deutscher Universitäte-Verlag, 2007. http://www.springerlink.com/content/v4x321/.
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Lhakhang, Pempa [Verfasser]. "Health Behavior Change: Effects of Motivation, Self-Regulation, and Incentive-Based Interventions / Pempa Lhakhang." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1084634643/34.
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Shareef, Reginald A. T. "Assessing organizational change: quality of work life interventions in the United States Postal Service." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/54419.
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Because of the changing nature of our society, it is agreed by scholars and practitioners that both private and public organizations face many uncertainties. Diverse solutions have been advanced to remedy these organizational maladies. One of the most popular solutions, theoretical and applied, has been the utilization of Quality of WorkLife (QWL) interventions.
The position taken in this dissertation is that in spite of the glowing testimonials about the effectiveness of QWL applications, it is still difficult to reach any definitive conclusions pertaining to the success(es) of this approach to the organizational change process. Previous research has offered little empirical data to support many of the theoretical assumptions QWL is based on.
Furthermore, most organizations have utilized the human relations conceptual framework (i.e., satisfaction causes performance) to describe the implementation and diffusion of the QWL process. Indeed, the organization evaluated in this study utilized this approach in its QWL endeavor. However, this investigation endorses a different concept, subsystems congruence, to achieve the institutionalization of QWL. A growing body of research literature strongly suggests that this integrated approach offers the best model for successful QWL intervention. Enhancing our understanding of QWL applications and processes is the focus of this study. This knowledge is necessary so organizational leaders, consultants, and academicians will better understand the nature and complexity of implementing, evaluating and institutionalizing various QWL interventions.Ph. D.
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Hoolohan, Claire. "Reframing water efficiency : towards interventions that reconfigure the shared and collective aspects of everyday water use." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2017. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/reframing-water-efficiency-towards-interventions-that-reconfigure-the-shared-and-collective-aspects-of-everyday-water-use(9051041e-e89b-43e5-888a-f41ad9d4c926).html.
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This is a thesis about water efficiency, a particular set of practices in the water industry of England and Wales designed to reduce end-use water demand in homes and businesses. Broadly, the thesis aims to understand how water efficiency activities organised and funded by water companies might more effectively support the development of sustainable patterns of domestic demand, in order to contribute to long-term sustainable water management. To achieve this aim, mixed qualitative methods are used to; a) evaluate the extent to which two non-conventional water efficiency activities engage with the collective elements of everyday consumption that existing research deems necessary to steer demand (Strengers, 2012, Macrorie et al., 2014, Shove, 2014, Geels et al., 2015); b) develop a conceptual understanding of demand management as a professional practice, to understand how Water Company activities are shaped, sustained and stifled; and c) develop an understanding of what future water efficiency activities might look like that take account of the findings from this research. Central to this research and analysis is the notion of 'collective', a term that denotes a conceptual perspective on demand that departs from a focus on individuals, towards the shared social, technological and natural relations that structure everyday activity (Browne et al., 2014). The analysis uses this notion of collectives to examine the impacts and limitations of Save Water Swindon, a large-scale 'whole-town' approach to water efficiency (Case Study 1); to explore how Care for the Kennet contributes to demand management by reconfiguring relations between water in the home and water in the river (Case Study 2); and to uncover the collective context of the professional practices of managing demand (Case Study 3). The findings illustrate that demand is shaped by routines that extend far beyond the spaces in which water is used, both intentionally and unintentionally, and therefore highlight a distributed web of people and practices that might be involved in demand management. The findings from these empirical enquiries are used to as the basis to work with the water industry to reimagine interventions that engage in the collective context of demand, and elicit conceptual understandings of the processes and actors involved in governing social change. Overall, the approach taken in this thesis demonstrates the vitality of practice-based enquiry that provides deep analytical detail to better understand the mundane yet complex processes that sustain everyday water use. Supplementing the analysis with ideas from a variety of social science disciplines and working alongside the water industry, facilitated by the CASE studentship, pushes the analysis beyond the confines of domestic practices typical of practice-based research. Subsequently this research offers contributions to policy, practice and theoretical developments as it explores the intersections between demand and professional practices and local environments, evaluates interventions, examines practices of demand management, and unravels the possibilities for future intervention. Consequently, though focused on water management in the UK, this research offers insights for other resource agendas and regional contexts, expanding discussions in these spaces to think creatively about avenues for future policy and management practice.
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Moshofsky, Molly Miriam. "Climate change, forests, and communities : identifying the range of acceptable human interventions in forested ecosystems." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/48502.
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Forest management is presently undergoing major changes to adapt to a changing climate. The objective of this research is to examine the variation in perceived acceptability of potential forest management interventions that can mitigate the risks of climate change among rural forest-based communities in British Columbia (BC) and Alberta. Engaging communities that will be impacted by such changes allows for the formation of forest policy that benefits local users. To accomplish this, four communities were selected for case studies and a mixed method research design was employed. Three management scenarios were designed to represent a spectrum of human intervention in forested ecosystems: continuing the status quo of planting local selectively bred seed; implementing assisted migration of tree populations by utilizing genomic and climatic knowledge; and genetically engineering trees to grow well in a changing climate. Three qualitative focus groups were conducted in each community and an exit Q sort exercise was administered to measure the perceived acceptance of a set of nine forest adaptation management scenarios. In tandem, a survey was administered that collected attitudinal data on social and political issues that were used to identify participants’ cultural worldviews. This data was used to determine if the theory of cultural cognition of risk (CCR) shaped the way participants perceived adaptation strategies. Results indicate that forester participants perceived the assisted migration-based strategies as relatively less acceptable compared to the other social groups. Environmentalist participants prioritized adaptation strategies that featured mixed species and business participants perceived all of the adaptation strategies more neutrally. Cultural cognition of risk was determined to play a role in shaping perceptions of the adaptation strategies in that those who were classified as individualists were most likely to perceive the local-based strategies as acceptable and least likely to perceive the assisted migration-based strategies as acceptable. Conversely, hierarchist participants were more likely to perceive assisted migration-based strategies as acceptable than the other cultural groups. In studying the perceptions of forest-dependent community residents, delivery of forestry-related climate change adaptation policy can be tailored to address the concerns and issues that these communities face.Forestry, Faculty of
Graduate
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Tweneboah-Koduah, Ernest Yaw. "The role of behavioural change theory in social marketing interventions on HIV/AIDS in Ghana." Thesis, London Metropolitan University, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.590113.
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In Ghana, data on HIV prevalence in the ten regions indicates that, the country has failed to realise a consistent decline of HIV new infections. This has resulted in Government spending huge sums of money on HIV/AIDS-related activities instead of the other productive sectors of the economy. Therefore, the aim of this research sought to understand how theories of behaviour change could be employed to design effective social marketing intervention programmes for HIV/AIDS preventions in Ghana. The study employs both qualitative and quantitative research approaches and a stratified sampling method to achieve the aims and objectives of the study. A total of 487 respondents provided information for both qualitative and quantitative studies. The results reveal among others that implementers of social marketing intervention programmes on HIV/AIDS in Ghana do not utilise behavioural change theories/models in planning their interventions and the main challenges facing implementers include inadequate financing, health system barriers, procurement delays and lack of human resources. The research further found that majority of Ghanaians have seen or heard social marketing interventions on HIV/AIDS, know what they can do to prevent HIV/AIDS new infection, and have seen or heard interventions on HIV/AIDS for a long period of time. However, social marketing intervention programmes designed to change HIV/AIDS related behaviours of Ghanaians have, generally, been ineffective. Therefore, the study recommends that, implementers of social marketing intervention programmes on HIV/AIDS in Ghana should ascertain why most Ghanaians have not adopted HIV/AIDS protective behaviours. This can be done by utilising research findings and application of an integrative behaviour model to design intervention programmes on HIV/AIDS to convert increased awareness and attitude change into behaviour change. The implications are presented in the conclusion.
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Diaz, Ramos Laura. "Feminist curatorial interventions in museums and organizational change : transforming the museum from a feminist perspective." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/39450.
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This thesis examines the relationship between feminist curatorship and art institutions and explores how feminism challenges and problematizes the museum. This thesis also examines the challenges in changing the structure of institutions: art organizations often respond with resistance to feminism, containing and ghettoizing feminist artists and artworks. This research project proposes that the aim of feminist curatorship is to change institutions, and their structures and hierarchies in a fundamental way. However, feminism’s objective of reorganizing the museum on a structural level has not been sufficiently discussed in feminist scholarship; feminist scholars have not been involved in a critique of art institutions or a theoretical analysis of the museum. On the contrary, feminist scholarship has focused on the criticism of institutions for the underrepresentation of women artists, on the production and display of women’s or feminist work and on adding more women artists to the museum. Thus, in this thesis I propose a redefinition of feminist curatorial practices as a broad strategy and an intervention whose objective is the museum’s reform. I propose that feminist curatorship should not simply focus on installing feminist art and curating feminist exhibitions but rather should aim at dismantling museological authority, destabilizing power structures and challenging patriarchy and hierarchy.
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Yarry, Sarah J. "The Influence of Readiness to Change on the Effects of an Intervention for Dementia Caregivers." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1264135179.
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Smit, Kyara. "Food waste reduction interventions - Behavior or Practice?" Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-392542.
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The enormous amount of household food waste in developed countries is a global environmental and climate threat. To reduce household food waste, various behavior change campaigns and interventions are conducted. Most conventional behavior change interventions designed to reduce household food waste are based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and are information heavy. These have shown, however, to not be effective enough to result in a fast and sizable enough decrease of household food waste in developed countries, thus reducing climate and environmental impact in a timely and sizeable enough way. The more systemic, holistic and practically oriented Social Practice Theory (SPT) theoretical framework is proposed by different authors as an alternative to the conventionally used TPB theoretical framework to design (behavior) change interventions. SPT is thought to lead to greater and faster reduction of food waste at the household level and to a general change in the food supply system. Nevertheless, interventions are oftennot created according to their proposed theoretical framework and no “direct” comparison between both theoreticalframeworks at the intervention level has been conducted. This thesis compares two case studies describing food waste reduction interventions, one with a TPB theoretical framework and the other with a SPT theoretical framework. The results show that when considering food waste reduction interventions at the household levels in developed countries the SPT might be a more effective theoretical framework for an intervention design compared to a TPB theoretical framework. Specifically, the SPT theoretical framework includes more relevant system stakeholders in the intervention creation leading to a more context specific design. Additionally, the emphasis of actual “doing” in an intervention based on an SPT theoretical framework createsa potential for more long-term change, compared to a TPB theoretical framework. However, this thesis also suggests that merging of the two theories should be further research and discussed, because of the potential greater effectiveness in actual food waste reduction.
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Snabe, Birgitte Milling Peter. "The usage of system dynamics in organizational interventions a participative modeling approach supporting change management efforts /." Wiesbaden : Deutscher Universitäts-Verlag, 2007. http://site.ebrary.com/id/10231917.
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Morrison, Leanne Georgette. "How do users perceive and engage with Internet-based interventions to support health-related behaviour change?" Thesis, University of Southampton, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.617945.
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Previous research has shown that Internet-based health behaviour interventions can have variable effects on health -related outcomes. Effectiveness may be improved by optimising the design of interventions. However, there have been few systematic investigations to identify the specific effects on outcomes of different ways of delivering intervention content. This thesis describes the theory-based development and evaluation of three different versions of an Internet-based health intervention to compare user engagement with two interactive design features - tailoring and self management (self-assessment and activity planning). To inform the design of the intervention, reviews of the quantitative and qualitative literatures and two qualitative think-aloud studies of individuals' reactions to the intervention, and another intervention, were undertaken. A quantitative study using a partial factorial design showed that self-assessment and activity planning were more engaging when provided in conjunction with tailored feedback. The version providing self- assessment and activity planning without tailored feedback was rated as less engaging than the version which also provided tailored feedback, and a version which only provided generic information. Self-assessment and activity planning without tailored feedback was also associated with greater drop out and lower satisfaction. The think-aloud study suggested that self-assessment without tailored feedback may have been less engaging because participants were disappointed and frustrated by completing self-assessment quizzes, which offered no personal benefit and no personalised advice. The quantitative study, and a second think-aloud study of a different intervention, also suggested that participants' intrinsic motivation, health locus of control beliefs, and confidence in self-caring for medical symptoms may be associated with differences in their engagement with intervention design. This thesis has shown that there are differences between the individual and combined effect of different interactive design features on user engagement with Internet-based health behaviour interventions. This thesis also suggests that users' preferences and beliefs may influence their engagement with intervention design.
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Clarke, Amy Louise. "Developing behaviour change interventions to increase levels of physical activity in patients with chronic kidney disease." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/42391.
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This thesis aimed to develop an evidence based, theory driven behaviour change intervention to increase levels of physical activity (PA) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Using mixed-methods the following studies were conducted: Cross-sectional study of self-reported PA levels and PA correlates: Survey of 1015 patients indicated a high prevalence of PA insufficiency (85.3%), but a readiness to change. Regression modelling indicated self-efficacy, physical function, older age and sex as independent predictors of PA. Observational study of walking and survival: Walking behaviours were shown through Cox proportional hazard modelling to be independently associated with mortality in a 44-month median follow-up of 437 persons and 89 deaths. Qualitative study exploring patient factors influencing exercise: Factors influencing exercise were captured via focus groups and semi-structured interviews with 36 patients. Analysed thematically findings were conceptualised within a social cognitive perspective and included: personal influences (co-morbidities, symptom burden, ageing, fear, previous experiences, and internal drive); behavioural influences (health and wellbeing, maintaining normality, and enjoyment); and environmental influences (organisation, physical, and social). Findings highlighted PA and disease information needs, and modifiable psychological targets for intervention. Person-Based Approach to the development of a PA intervention: Expert consultations (n=9), examination of theory and evidence, observations of patient education programmes; Public Patient Involvement (n=9) to establish intervention guiding principles; user testing with patients (n=14) to refine the Physical Activity Changing Together (PACT) intervention, a structured group-based PA education programme. PACT feasibility study: Recruitment, retention and engagement/acceptability were assessed using mixed methods in a 12-week study. Post intervention step counts indicated a mean increase of 2127 steps/day from baseline. PACT was feasible to implement, acceptable to patients and warrants further testing. Original contributions to knowledge include: confirming a link between walking and health; identifying factors that influence PA; and the development/evaluation of a CKD specific PA intervention; all which can be framed within the Behavioural Epidemiology Framework.
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Smith, Zoe. "Do sluggish cognitive tempo symptoms improve with school-based ADHD interventions? Outcomes and predictors of change." VCU Scholars Compass, 2019. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5972.
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Sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT) is a construct that includes symptoms of slowness, mental confusion, excessive daydreaming, low motivation, and drowsiness/sleepiness. SCT is often co-morbid with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and SCT symptoms are associated with significant academic and interpersonal impairment above and beyond the influence of ADHD symptoms. Despite the overlap between ADHD and SCT and associated impairments, no studies have evaluated how evidence-based psychosocial interventions for adolescents with ADHD impact symptoms of SCT. This study examined whether SCT symptoms improved in a sample of 274 young adolescents with ADHD who received either an organizational skills or a homework completion intervention. SCT intervention response was evaluated broadly in all participants, and specifically, for participants in the clinical range for SCT symptom severity at baseline. Change in ADHD symptoms of inattention, executive functioning, and motivation was examined as potential predictors of improvement in SCT. Multilevel modeling analyses indicated that SCT symptoms decreased at the same rate for adolescents in both the organizational skills and homework completion interventions when compared to the waitlist group (d = .410). For adolescents with parent-reported clinical levels of SCT, the decrease in symptoms was more pronounced (d = .517), with the interventions decreasing the total score of SCT by 2.91 (one symptom). Additionally, in the high SCT group, behavior regulation executive functioning, metacognitive executive functioning, and inattention predicted change. Clinical implications and future directions are discussed, including development of interventions for adolescents with high levels of SCT.
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Diko, Stephen K. "Barriers to Urban Greenspace Planning in the Kumasi Metropolis: Implications and Hints for Climate Change Interventions in Ghana’s Urban Areas." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1563527687449757.
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Calverley, Dan. "Cumulative emissions reduction in the UK passenger car sector through near-term interventions in technology and use." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/cumulative-emissions-reduction-in-the-uk-passenger-car-sector-through-nearterm-interventions-in-technology-and-use(686e7c51-432b-4a0b-83f1-a1b127e1e5c3).html.
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Responsible for one in eight tonnes of national CO₂ emissions, the passenger car sector is pivotal to delivering on UK climate change commitments to avoiding warming of more than 2°C. This thesis provides a clear and quantitative framing of emissions reduction at the sectoral level, by disaggregating global cumulative emissions budgets and pathways associated with a range of probabilities of exceeding 2°C. The relatively low level of abatement currently planned for the UK car sector, it is argued, needs to be significantly increased for the following reasons: (i) a scientific basis in cumulative emissions for sectoral mitigation makes carbon budgets, rather than end point targets (e.g. 2050), of the first importance; (ii) the currently high probability (63%) of exceeding 2°C underpinning the current UK carbon budgets is inconsistent with the UK government’s commitment to avoiding ‘dangerous climate change’; (iii) short-term emissions growth in industrialising countries considerably reduces remaining emissions space for industrialised countries; (iv) very limited scope exists for any large sector to cut emissions by less than the national mean rate of decarbonisation at higher rates of mitigation (around 10% p.a. by the 2020s). The consequences for emissions space in other sectors if international aviation and shipping mitigate less than the mean are quantified. For UK car sector emissions to remain consistent with a low probability of exceeding 2°C while observing these limitations, this analysis finds that planned sectoral mitigation over the coming decade needs to be increased fourfold. Means to address this expected abatement shortfall using readily available technology are investigated using a fleet emissions model to compare the effect on cumulative emissions of changes in a range of fleet parameters (including mean new car bulk emissions factors, vehicle age-proportionate annual distance travelled, and rates of fleet growth and turnover). Pushing existing car technology to the limit of expected short term efficiency gains is found to be insufficient to deliver a pathway with better than 56% probability of exceeding 2°C. Without reduction in aggregate demand for vehicle kilometres in the short term, lower probabilities of 2°C are placed beyond reach. The possibility of rapid step changes in levels of per capita car use is explored in qualitative interviews using narrative storyline scenarios. A range of coercive and voluntary interventions is considered in relation to their potential to overcome the structural and behavioural constraints to rapid transformation of personal travel.
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Kelly, Scout M. "Plan Quality and the Enhancement of Implementation Intention Interventions for Physical Activity." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent149252886156333.
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Pettinger, Charles Blakley. "Improving Occupational Safety & Health Interventions: A Comparison of Safety Self-Efficacy & Safety Stages of Change." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27395.
Full textAbstract:
For people aged 44 and under, the primary cause of loss of life in the U.S. is not due to heart disease or cancer, but to something as common as injuries (U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 1998). As such, injuries kill an average of 142,000 Americans and require an estimated 62.5 billion dollars in medical attention each year (U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 1998). This is close to three people dying and over 170 people sustaining a disabling injury every 10 minutes (National Safety Council, 1999). Every year more than 80,000 Americans are permanently disabled as a result of injury to the brain or spinal cord. Thus, unintentional injury represents a serious public health concern, and a theory-driven community, school, and organizational injury prevention technology is needed to improve the health and safety of individuals.Ph. D.
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Weir, Michelle. "An exploration of the epidemiology, quality and methods of systematic reviews of health professional behaviour change interventions." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/28488.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis describes the epidemiology, quality and methods of systematic reviews of health professional behaviour change interventions. The epidemiology was explored using descriptive methods and the quality was assessed with the AMSTAR tool. 'Lumping' and 'splitting', which refers to how broad or narrow a systematic review question is framed, was explored by assessing a subset of reviews to see how review authors framed their systematic review question and justified this decision. The results indicate that there has been an increase in the number of systematic reviews published on professional behaviour change interventions, they are dispersed across various literature sources and the reviews were generally of poor quality. Furthermore, many reviews are 'split', with little justification for the authors' choice of research question. The overlapping subject areas in addition to the low methodological quality raise concern about the organization of the field, including redundancy of publications and potential duplication of efforts.
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Arndt, Alice [Verfasser], Wolfgang [Akademischer Betreuer] Lutz, and Julian [Gutachter] Rubel. "Understanding therapeutic change: The impact of early change, dropout and adherence on treatment outcome in internet interventions / Alice Arndt ; Gutachter: Julian Rubel ; Betreuer: Wolfgang Lutz." Trier : Universität Trier, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1208643541/34.
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