Academic literature on the topic 'Champs de forces réactifs'
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Journal articles on the topic "Champs de forces réactifs"
French, Amber. "Combler le fossé entre universitaires et praticiens. Le cas du centre international sur les conflits non-violents." Recherches Internationales 126, no. 1 (2023): 137–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/rint.2023.3395.
Full textFrench, Amber. "Combler le fossé entre universitaires et praticiens." Recherches internationales N° 126, no. 2 (April 15, 2023): 137–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rein.126.0137.
Full textSchneider, Charles. "Les cartes en champs de forces (piézoplèthes)." Mappemonde 7, no. 3 (1987): 19–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/mappe.1987.2390.
Full textTOURAINE, Alain. "Réactions antinucléaires ou mouvement antinucléaire." Sociologie et sociétés 13, no. 1 (September 30, 2002): 117–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/001799ar.
Full textWawrzyniak, Michel. "L'adolescent incertain dans la solitude des champs de forces : adolescence et produits stupéfiants." Bulletin de psychologie 51, no. 434 (1998): 153–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/bupsy.1998.14717.
Full text-BARRÉ, Olivier. "Méthode énergétique et travaux virtuels, application au calcul des forces locales associées aux champs magnétique et électrique." Revue de l'Electricité et de l'Electronique -, no. 06 (2006): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3845/ree.2006.109.
Full textLevine, Gregory. "Geography and Property Taxation." Cahiers de géographie du Québec 27, no. 70 (April 12, 2005): 105–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/021591ar.
Full textMvogo, Ernest Messina, and Zakaria Beine. "Cameroon in the First World War From the dominant geostrategic challenges to environnemental impact ignored." Global Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences 10, no. 7 (July 15, 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.37745/gjahss.2013/vo10.n7pp114.
Full textNijakowski, Lech M. "Genocidal Bifurcations: The Innocent Sources of Criminal Choices." Civitas. Studia z Filozofii Polityki 22 (May 30, 2018): 143–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.35757/civ.2018.22.05.
Full textSustrac, Patricia. "Max Jacob le caméléon." Littératures 87 (2023): 207–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/121yz.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Champs de forces réactifs"
Lahouari, Adam. "Use of reactive force fields for the simulation of metallic nanoparticles." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024SORUS223.
Full textNanoparticles (NPs) have become a cornerstone of nanotechnology due to their distinctive physical, chemical, and biological properties. Often composed of transition metals, they range from groups of two to thousands of atoms. This thesis explores the simulation of these nanoparticles, focusing on gold, silver, and copper, which have applications such as antibacterial silver and anticancer gold. Silver ions interact with bacterial DNA and mitochondria, but high concentrations can be harmful. Thiol can stabilize this interaction by forming a dense self-assembled monolayer on the surface.Different structures have been found depending on the metal studied. For gold, there are two structures: a simple adsorption (sqrt(3x3)) and a restructured one where gold atoms place themselves between sulfur atoms. For silver, thiols can create the sqrt(7x7) structure or form a core@shell Ag2S effect. This study aims to determine if current methods can predict these restructuring and stability phenomena of the monolayers. Molecular dynamics is used to study large systems with the reactive force field ReaxFF, allowing bond breaking and formation during simulations. A software called SAM Maker was created to generate various structures, integrated into the NATOMOS package. Silver (sqrt(7x7)) and gold (sqrt(3x3)) structures were simulated with methane and butanethiolate. The AgSCH potential was used to study stability by heating from 0 to 300K, with simulations of 0.3, 1, and 3 ns. ReaxFF showed it could produce a stable butanethiolate monolayer on Ag(111), but with differences for gold and silver.Simulations revealed dense SAM assemblies on Ag(111) without alkanothiolate decomposition. No spontaneous restructuring was observed except for NPs smaller than 4 nm. Future studies should explore pre-restructured silver surfaces with thiolates and compare their binding energies.FeNNol, a Python program, was used to create more precise potentials. Collecting 300 gold structures (3 to 25 atoms) was followed by molecular dynamics to generate unique structures. In total, 15 956 structures have been created. DFT calculations with the PBE functional and Stuttgart basis provided energy and force references for the potential. A pre-training with ReaxFF stabilized gold surfaces. Nanoparticles of 2 nm and 4 nm provided 20,000 reference structures. Adjustments refined the model with DFT references, ensuring accurate cluster descriptions.The final model was tested on the Au20 cluster, showing good agreement with DFT for dissociation energies. Cluster distances and energies were verified, confirming the model's accuracy. Another more precise model was created for systems with less than 220 gold atoms, predicting cluster energy and distances. In conclusion, this thesis demonstrated the effectiveness of ReaxFF-based simulations in predicting the stability of self-assembled monolayers on silver. Using learning algorithms created more accurate potentials for gold, leading to more reliable and detailed simulations. These advances contribute to a better understanding of nanoscale interactions and offer promising prospects for future nanoparticle applications
Thaunay, Florian. "Développement de champs de forces polarisables et applications à la spectroscopie vibrationnelle." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLX037/document.
Full textSpectroscopy dissociation by absorption of infrared photons (IRPD) provides vibrational signatures of charged species in the gas phase, such as small peptides or hydrated ions in water clusters. The vibrational normal modes assignment to establish a relationship between the experimental spectrum and molecular structure is a delicate task and requires the use of molecular modeling.This manuscript presents a set of theoretical tools for calculation and assignment of vibrational spectra, based mainly on classical molecular dynamics and polarizable AMOEBA force field, and its application to gaseous ions of various sizes. Hydrated ions in water clusters M(H2O)n (n in 6-100 range) are characterized by a dynamic behavior, and their experimental spectrum can not be described by a single structure. The signature of peptides changes with temperature and dynamic anharmonicity effects. They can also be the site of proton transfer mechanisms, with a very characteristic vibrational signature.The potential energy surface of these systems is explored by classical molecular dynamics in individual trajectories or replica exchange to generate energetically stable structures. For smaller systems, quantum methods, as DFT and post-HF, are used to confirm the lowest energy structures, calculate their static IR and propose normal modes assignments. For larger systems, i.e ions in water drops of several tens of molecules, the simulation of IR spectra at finite temperature is based on the Fourier transform of the autocorrelation function of the dipole moment (DACF), calculated during a classical molecular dynamics trajectory. As this method does not allow direct access to the vibrational normal modes, we implemented a method of dynamic assigments, based on the Driven Molecular Dynamics (DMD) and coupled to the DACF. The combination AMOEBA /DACF / DMD was used to reproduce and assign the spectrum of the dipeptide Ace-Phe-Ala-NH2, and those of hydrated ions in water clusters.Finally, the vibrational signature of a proton transfer can not be described by quantum static methods or by classical dynamics. Its modeling required the development of a two states Empirical Valence Bond Model (EVB), coupled with AMOEBA polarizable force field. The two states EVB model was implemented in the software TINKER. It can reproduce the dynamic behavior of proton transfer in small peptides and deprotonated acids, as well as the spectroscopic signatures observed experimentally.An important part of the applications of these developments relates simple hydrated ions in nano-droplets, and in particular the sulfate ion of great environmental importance. We were able to reproduce satisfactorily, for the first time, the spectra of clusters containing up to 100 water molecules. The main contributor to this experimental spectroscopy is the team of E. Williams from the University of California of Berkeley. We have established cooperation with them to complete this work by modeling the IR spectra of hydrated sulfates ions [SO4(H2O) n=9-36]2-, for which they obtained experimental signatures
Treps, Laureline. "Définition à l'échelle atomique de la surface externe de la zéolithe ZSM-5 et de son interface avec le liant." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEN040.
Full textZeolites are nanoporous aluminosilicates crystals of prominent fundamental and industrial importance. Among these, ZSM-5 is one of the most investigated solid, with paramount industrial use, that can be obtained in various forms. Some of these (hierarchical forms, nanoslabs, nanosheets and nanocrystals) exhibit a very high surface over volume ratio which make them useful for multiple industrial processes. The shaping is used to adapt ZSM-5 (and zeolites in general) to the needs of the industrial reactors. Empirically, preparing a technical zeolite is a strong industrial know-how, but with limited physic-chemical understanding of the zeolite-binder interface. Periodic Density Functional Theory (DFT, VASP, PAW, PBE dDsC) calculations of the relative stability of relevant surface orientations for silicalite and ZSM-5 crystals ((100), (010) and (101)) were performed at different hydration levels thanks to ab initio thermodynamics. Their relative acidities (pyridine and di-tertbutylpyridine adsorption) and spectral features (vibration modes, NMR chemical shifts) are determined. The interaction of the most relevant ones with binders (alumina, silica) is simulated ab initio, and an empirical reactive force field (ReaxFF) is built on purpose to model larger scales. Several kinds of surface sites have been identified. Bridging Al-OH-Si are present at the pore mouth, of similar or higher stability with respect to bulk sites. These are not stable at the outermost surface, where the following groups prevail: Si-OH, Al-OH and most importantly water adsorbed on aluminum Al-(H2O)(OH)n. Models of pyridine and 2,6-ditertbutylpyridine adsorption show that the acidity of the bridging groups is stronger than the other, and more particularly with a strong confinement. Al-(H2O)(OH)n surface site are shown to be the most stable at the external surface of ZSM-5 and are studied upon the hydration and dehydration of the ZSM-5 external surfaces. The results issue from these DFT simulations are compared to FT-IR, 1H NMR, and pyridine/2,6-ditertbutylpyridine adsorption experiments conducted at IFPEN. The interaction between zeolite and binders (silica, alumina) is first modeled by the interaction of the zeolite with small components like Si(OH)4, Na+ - present in some silica sources - and Al(OH)3(H2O). The results show that alumina components are more strongly attracted by the aluminum of the zeolitic network than silicic species. Na+ binds more strongly with the zeolite rather than silica and these results are once more compared to experimental data. The reactive force field parameters optimization is allowing to model larger external zeolite surfaces that are in contact with more realistic binder surfaces. All these results provide a rational understanding of a large set of experimental observations from the literature, that remained so far poorly understood. These findings are likely not limited to the case of the MFI framework (some of them already appeared to be valid for zeolite Beta), as our conclusions are mainly dictated by local topology aspects. The zeolite we investigate and the reactive sites we reveal are of both fundamental and industrial importance
Tolomeo, Mathias. "Estimation des forces de contact intergranulaires par mesures de champs cinématiques." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAI074/document.
Full textIn the experimental study of the micro-mechanics of granular materials, measuring inter-particle contact forces is still a challenging task, if compared to the well-established tools and techniques for the kinematic characterisation at particle scale. This doctoral thesis addresses this problem. The proposed approach consists of two parts: an experimental characterisation of the granular network geometry and of particle-scale kinematics, which can be carried out with common imaging techniques such as Digital Image Correlation; a numerical approach aiming to exploit these measurements for the estimation of forces.One imposed constraint was to only make use of the rigid motions of particles, together with the knowledge of the contact network, to infer contact forces. Three different numerical techniques have been proposed to this purpose, referred to as Contact Elasticity Method (CEM), Contact Dynamics-based Method (CDM) and Quasi-Static Method (QSM). Each of these techniques is based on the formulation of common approaches in the family of Discrete Element Methods, respectively the classical Cundall-like DEM, the Non Smooth Contact Dynamics and a quasi-static approach accounting for both contact elasticity and plasticity. It is shown that memory of the history of the packing is the main concern with all the chosen techniques.The three methods are first presented and validated by applying them to the estimation of forces in 2D granular systems generated by means of explicit-time DEM simulations. We refer to these simulations as "ideal" experiments since they are meant to provide the same information that can be extracted from experiments, but without any measurement error. An obvious benefit of this strategy is to get reference force sets that are taken as ground truth. Based on this, the main aspects that affect the determination of forces can be investigated. In particular, the crucial role of history is emphasised here, and some solutions to take it into account in the force inference have been investigated.An assessment of the influence of measurement error has also been carried out, to predict the applicability of each method to real experiments. A short analysis of the variability of the solutions is also provided.Finally, some attempts have been made to infer forces from experiments carried out in the 1gamma2epsilon device. Particle kinematics and connectivity have been assessed by means of the Digital Image Correlation technique.The benefits and drawbacks of the three methods have been demonstrated. They conduct us to envision a combined usage of the three methods. In the future, studying the stability of equilibrium might help reducing the variability of the solutions
Narth, Christophe. "Développement de champs de forces polarisables : vers la dynamique moléculaire SIBFA." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066739/document.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to revisit the potential of SIBFA (Sum of Interactions Between Fragments Ab initio computed) [...]
Mathon, Philippe. "Influence des forces électromagnétiques sur les processus électrochimiques : application à la propulsion MHD." Grenoble INPG, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008INPG0162.
Full textThe influence of a high magnetic field has been studied on two electrochemical systems, ferri/ferrocyanide in diffusion limited current and sea water electrolysis, experimentally, theoretically and numerically. The experiments under potentiostatic control show an increase in the electrolytic current due to the high magnetic field up to 13 T available in the GHMFL. This phenomenon results from the convection created by the electromagnetic force, which induces a transition to turbulence, observed for the first time during this work, for a critical value of magnetic field. A numerical simulation of this flow has been accomplished and these results are in good agreement with the experiments. For applications of ship MHD propulsion, theoretical, experimental and numerical studies of a small thruster allowed to better understand the phenomena that occur and to open views of its implementation
Salmon, Élodie. "Étude des mécanismes du craquage thermique par simulation dynamique moléculaire de géopolymères organiques avec un champ de force réactif (ReaxFF)." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008INPL003N/document.
Full textKerogen, the insoluble fraction of sedimentary organic matter, is a complex mixing of organic macromolecules, the structure of which evolves during geological times as a function of temperature mainly. The thermal evolution of kerogen is at the origin of hydrocarbon deposits in sedimentary basins. Understanding and quantifying the physicochemical processes associated to this transformation is therefore important to improve the evaluation of petroleum systems. During this study, two geopolymers were selected in order to represent the thermal decomposition of typical structures in natural kerogen. Firstly, an experimental protocol was set up (1) to define molecular structures of the geopolymers, and (2) to describe primary mechanisms of decomposition of both geopolymers. The two samples were analysed using off-line pyrolysis experiments, at five reference temperatures comprised between 200 to 300°C. A kinetic scheme accounting for early decomposition processes was derived from these experimental observations for each geopolymer. Secondly, molecular models were submitted to molecular dynamic simulations using a reactive force field (ReaxFF). ReaxFF simulations provided theoretical supports to the key-processes derived from laboratory experiments. On the overall, results of this study suggested that kinetic models in one step (= parallels reactions implemented in standard (commercial) basin simulators do not adequately reproduce the physicochemistry of organic matter decomposition processes in natural source rocks
Oviedo, Alvaro. "Des champs de forces : György Kurtág, Helmut Lachenmann et la question du geste musical." Paris 8, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA083452.
Full textThis research examines György Kurtág’s and Helmut Lachenmann’s works through the analyse of a concept of musical gesture including three complementary dimensions. The first one is the instrumental and (vocal) action which is a fundemental aspect of the music of both composers. The second dimension to explore reveals how the expressifs elements can be crystallized in the musical material. At last, I examine the musical form as a dynamic process. By the analysis of the concept of musical gesture I can investigate the energetic character of Kurtág’s and Lachenmann’s music. This approach reveals how the composers work on the musician actions for the interpretation. At the same time, it shows the power of the music to absorbe extra-musical dimensions without fixing itself into a mere reproduction of these foreigns elements. Since the abolition of tonal music, composition tried to invent new forces to organize the form, liberating itself from old musical structures and new abstracts and generals constraints of writing. Indeed, György Kurtág and Helmut Lachenmann, whom nothing seems apparently bring togheter, work on this problem without avoiding the contradictions that this question generates. The « tone » of their music, the qualitiy of a voice as it deploies into the musical texture, is a matter of a gesture that guides the temporal development of musical form. The notion of « gesture », as we known it, appears then as a tool that allow a sensitive approach to this dimension of music
Lopez, Sara. "Destruction du microenvironnement tumoral par application de forces mécaniques exercées par des nanoparticules magnétiques." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30202.
Full textEfficiency of anti-cancer treatments is limited by development of resistance to treatments, which has long been considered to depend solely on the genotype of cancer cells. However, these past few years, researchers proved that cancer progression and resistance are not only determined by the inherent characteristics of cancer cells, but also by their interactions with tumor microenvironment. Among other components of the tumor microenvironment, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) promote tumor growth and cancer cell resistance to treatments. CAFs modify the components and properties of tumor microenvironment (blood vessels, extracellular matrix or tumor immunity) and interact with cancer cells; those actions take a great part in the loss of treatment efficacy. Thus, as CAFs seem to be key players in cancer cell resistance to treatment, their eradication is an interesting strategy to inhibit cancer progression. While magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) under a high frequency magnetic field produce heat, they generate a mechanical torque in response to low frequency rotating magnetic fields (RMF) Here, we chose this last property to elaborate a nano-therapeutic strategy directed against CAFs. The principle of this strategy is to target CAFs using vectorised MNPs and then apply a RMF that generates enough mechanical stress to induce cell death. The first objective was to target pancreatic CAFs that express the type 2 cholecystokinin receptor (CCK2R). For this, we synthesized gastrin-decorated MNPs (MNP@Gastrin). We showed that MNP@Gastrin bind to the CCK2R on the cell membrane of CAF-CCK2R, then internalize and accumulate in the lysosomes. Then, we tested different amplitudes and frequencies of RMF and demonstrated that RMF exposure induces the death of CAFs having accumulated MNP@Gastrin into their lysosomes. The optimal effect on cell death, namely the death of about 40% of CAFs, was obtained with 40mT and 1Hz RMF. Moreover, we investigated the cell death mechanism involved and we showed that cell death occurs through lysosomal damage. Lysosomes undergo membrane permeabilization, releasing their content, including cathepsin B which are involved in the observed cell death process. On top of that, the engaged cell death pathway seems to be caspase-1 dependent. Finally we used a magnetic setup under a confocal microscope in order to observe real-time cell reaction to RMF. We noticed cellular retraction, lysosomal movements towards the nucleus, and changes in cellular adhesion. This study establishes the proof-of-concept that targeted MNPs can disrupt tumor microenvironment through mechanical forces upon RMF exposure, and thus open new opportunities for cancer therapy
Le, fournis Romuald. "Propagation de la lumière dans la matière en présence de champs électromagnétiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024GRALY011.
Full textIn this thesis, we focus on the analysis of forces and torques resulting from the interaction between matter and the electromagnetic field, both either described classically or quantum-mechanically. We explore how the addition of external electric and magnetic fields modifies the mechanical moments acting on the medium. External fields can have a significant impact, alter particle trajectories, induce angular momentum, or cause changes in the energy levels of quantum states.The thesis splits up into two related axes, each offering a different perspective on the interaction between light and matter in the presence of external fields.In the first axis, we delve into the field of quantum electrodynamics (QED) to study the role of the quantum vacuum in electromagnetic forces. Our focus is on two distinct classical forces: the Abraham force and the Aharonov-Casher force. Both these forces are central to the Abraham-Minkoswki controversy discussed in the first chapter of this thesis.The first axis is explored in Chapters 2 and 3, which focus on the modification of quantum vacuum momentum in the presence of matter and external electromagnetic fields. The modification of quantum vacuum momentum leads to the existence of a quantum vacuum force on matter but remains unobserved experimentally. For this investigation, we employ a QED approach along with a microscopic model.In Chapter 2, we study the contributions of the quantum vacuum to the Abraham force acting on a Rydberg atom in the presence of crossed electric and magnetic fields. Our goal is to determine whether Rydberg atoms are good candidates for the observation of the quantum vacuum contributions to the classical Abraham force.Chapter 3 is focused on the Aharonov-Casher force. This force has not been observed so far because it is extremely small. We calculate the quantum vacuum force for a Rydberg atom with a large magnetic moment exposed to an electric field to determine if the quantum vacuum is capable of generating an Aharonov-Casher force.The second axis adopts a classical approach to the interaction between light and matter, focusing on the torques exerted on matter by the electromagnetic field.Chapter 4 is devoted to the study of the angular momentum radiation from a source surrounded by a magneto-birefringent environment. More precisely, we characterize the influence of multiple light scattering on angular momentum radiation as well as on the torque acting on matter.Although both axes adopt different approaches, they remain closely interconnected. Force and torque, fundamental in mechanics, share an intimate relationship, and the study of both provides a more comprehensive picture of the interactions between light and matter in the presence of external fields. As a result, both axes complement each other, offering a global and enlightened perspective on this field of study from complementary angles. A detailed presentation of both lines of research including their mathematical tools is provided in Chapter 1
Books on the topic "Champs de forces réactifs"
Vorst, André Vander. Électromagnétisme: Champs, forces et circuits. Louvain-la-Neuve: Cabay, 1985.
Find full text128 and Lucile Julien. Forces, champs, énergies. Nathan Université, 1998.
Find full textLes robots au cœur du champ de bataille: Rencontres sur le thème de la robotisation du champs de bataille : aspects éthiques et juridiques. Paris: Economica, 2011.
Find full textQuigg, Chris. Gauge Theories of the Strong, Weak, and Electromagnetic Interactions: Second Edition. Princeton University Press, 2013.
Find full textGauge Theories of the Strong, Weak, and Electromagnetic Interactions. Princeton University Press, 2013.
Find full textGauge theories of the strong, weak, and electromagnetic interactions. Reading, Mass: Addison-Wesley, 1997.
Find full textShaw, Susan Evans. Canadians at War, Vol. 2: A Guide to the Battlefields and Memorials of World War II. Goose Lane Editions, 2014.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Champs de forces réactifs"
Benson, Rodney. "9. Les forces des champs et les formes de l’information." In L’immigration au prisme des médias, 229–50. Presses universitaires de Rennes, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/books.pur.158812.
Full textFrank, Robert. "Introduction. Champs et forces des relations internationales : autonomie et interdépendance." In Pour l’histoire des relations internationales, 289. Presses Universitaires de France, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/puf.frank.2012.01.0289.
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