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Academic literature on the topic 'Champignons (agents de lutte biologique) – Viticulture'
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Journal articles on the topic "Champignons (agents de lutte biologique) – Viticulture"
Mouria, Btissam, Amina Ouazzani-Touhami, and Allal Douira. "Effet de diverses souches du Trichoderma sur la croissance d'une culture de tomate en serre et leur aptitude à coloniser les racines et le substrat." Phytoprotection 88, no. 3 (September 25, 2008): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/018955ar.
Full textMpadi, Nkwe Charles, and Daniel-Bienvenu Mada Bangala. "Utilisation du champignon Pleurotus sajor-caju pour la délignification d’un substrat à base des hampes florales de bananiers (Musa spp.) et la production des carpophores comestibles." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 13, no. 7 (February 12, 2020): 3164–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v13i7.16.
Full textNyaka, Aurélie Irène Claire Ngobisa, Sine Nsangou Mfiya Zahrah Fadimatou, Camille Ulrich Dzoyem Dzokouo, Sali Bourou, and Aoudou Yaouba. "Effet antifongique de deux extraits de plantes sur les agents pathogènes identifiés sur des fruits de l’anacardier (Anacardium occidentale L.) au Nord Cameroun." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 15, no. 3 (September 9, 2021): 1121–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v15i3.21.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Champignons (agents de lutte biologique) – Viticulture"
Amarouchi, Zakaria. "Impact du réchauffement climatique sur l’interaction vigne/micro-organismes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Reims, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022REIMS055.
Full textThe gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea has a devastating impact on various economically important crops, including grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.), with annual economic losses exceeding10 to 100 billion dollars worldwide. Currently, pesticides remain the main method used to reduce the incidence of this phytopathogenic fungus. However, in addition to emergence of multidrug resistance, chemicals must be increasingly restricted in order to limit their impact on the environment and human health. Thus, in recent years, biological protection is gaining renewed interest. Therefore, the aim of our project is the development of new biotechnologies allowing the grapevine to better resist pathogenic pressures, through the use of beneficial microorganisms. The rhizosphere is a rich source of microorganisms with strong abilities in the biocontrol of plant diseases. In the present study, isolation of plant beneficial microorganisms was carried out on healthy plants. A total of 42 micro-organisms were isolated from different rhizospheric semi-arid soils collected in vineyards of Meknes in Morocco (Latitude 33.75989, Longitude -5.43909). The in vitro antagonism test of the various isolates towards B. cinerea evealed that among all the isolates tested the strains S3, S4, S5 and S6 showed a positive result. These isolates inhibit the growth of B. cinerea. The four strains were identified by the study of biochemical characters and phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences. The results of the analyzes showed that the bacterial strains retained were related to the following species, of the Bacillus genus: S3: B. velezensis; S4: B. velezensis; and S5: B. halotollerans. Isolate S6 was classified in the genus Enterobacter and identified as E. cloacae. The antagonism test carried out in planta on vine vitroplants indicates that the four rhizobacteria reduce significantly (59%, 39%, 55%, and 17%, respectively), the symptoms of the disease and reduce damage to photosynthetic activity (PSII) due to attack by B. cinerea. This study revealed that strains of the genus Bacillus and Enterobacter isolated from the rhizosphere of the vine could be used as biological control agents in the protection of the vine
Tirilly, Yves. "L'hyperparasitisme du Hansfordia pulvinata envers le Fulvia fulva et les perspectives de lutte intégrée contre la cladosporiose de la tomate." Brest, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987BRES2036.
Full textFruit, Laetitia. "Etude des facteurs d'efficacité d'un agent de lutte biologique (Ulocladium atrum) pour la protection des plaies d'effeuillage sur tomate contre Botrytis cinerea." Lyon 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO10030.
Full textRohrlich, Clara. "Lutte biologique à base de champignons entomopathogènes du genre Beauveria en zone tropicale." Thesis, La Réunion, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LARE0031.
Full textBiological control using entomopathogenic fungi is one of the alternatives to chemical insecticides. The thesis studies the specificity, persistence and dispersion of Beauveria strains and the potential of an innovative use strategy. Using pathogenicity tests, a first chapter describes the host range of three commercial strains of B. bassiana and B. hoplocheli. These studies reveal significant differences between strains. Nevertheless, they all have a broad host range, which allows considering extending their use against fruit flies. The second chapter explores the potential of a biocontrol strategy specifically targeting females of the melon fruit fly, based on the auto-dissemination of entomopathogenic fungi using males as spore vectors. Using an original experimental design, we demonstrate that spore transmission from male to female during mating significantly increases female mortality. In Reunion, for 30 years, a biocontrol program for a sugarcane white grub has been based on the use of B. hoplocheli. The third chapter investigates the genetic diversity of B. hoplocheli strains using microsatellite markers in a three years survey in sugarcane fields. We reveal a very low genetic diversity and identify genotypes of strains introduced in the 1980s. These results suggest that the strains introduced at the beginning of the biological control persisted and spread in the Reunion agro-ecosystem
Cossus, Louis. "Influence des agents phytopathogènes sur la production de lipopeptides et le protéome de Bacillus subtilis." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69804.
Full textThe bacterium Bacillus subtilis is considered as a promising alternative to conventional pesticides for plant disease management. The mechanisms underlying the biocontrol properties of this bacterium are multiple and are closely related to the production of lipopeptides. Currently, little is known about the influence of plant pathogenic fungi/oomycetes on B. subtilis physiology and biocontrol mechanisms. The objective of this doctoral research project was to study the influence of fungi/oomycetes on B. subtilis biocontrol mechanisms, especially on the production of lipopeptides. In the first instance, the lipopeptides produced by B. subtilis PTB185 were characterised by mass spectrometry and a method allowing the relative quantification of these compounds was developed using MALDI-TOF instrumentation. This first step displayed the capacity of strain PTB185 to produce surfactin, iturin, and fengycin. Confrontation assays conducted on agar showed that B. subtilis antagonistic activity and production of lipopeptides vary significantly (P ≤ 0.05) according to the pathogen tested. However, no correlation between lipopeptides production and B. subtilis antimicrobial activity was observed. Autoclaved mycelia of plant pathogens were also shown to significantly influence the quantities of lipopeptides produced by B. subtilis in liquid culture. Fengycin and/or iturin were produced in significantly higher amounts in presence of mycelium of Botrytis cinerea, Mucor sp., Pythium ultimum, or Rhizoctonia solani, while addition of mycelium in the medium did not significantly affect surfactin production as compared to the control. Bacteria grown in liquid medium amended with Mucor sp. mycelium caused a significantly higher reduction of mycelial growth of B. cinerea, R. solani, and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum as compared to the bacteria grown with no mycelium. These results show for the first time the influence of autoclaved plant pathogen mycelium on B. subtilis antagonistic ability and production of fengycin/iturin. The influence of autoclaved mycelia and extracellular compounds of plant pathogenic fungi/oomycetes on B. subtilis was further investigated by proteomics. Autoclaved mycelium of all tested pathogens strongly inhibited the proteins associated with B. subtilis thiamine metabolism and biosynthesis. Autoclaved mycelium of Mucor sp. strongly increased proteins associated with the phage-like element PBSX and strongly decreased those related to biotin metabolism and biosynthesis. Extracellular compounds of P. ultimum reduced proteins associated with flagellar assembly and stimulated those related to the production of subtilosin. Autoclaved mycelium and extracellular compounds of R. solani strongly increased proteins associated with the production of siderophores. Extracellular compounds of S. sclerotiorum barely affected the proteome of the bacterium. The results of this study, besides providing additional evidence of the influence of biotic interactions on lipopeptides production, give further information on the influence of the latter on B. subtilis physiology and biocontrol mechanisms. Finally, this study provides new insights into the optimisation of the culture medium to grow B. subtilis for biotechnological applications.
Gallet, Jean-Philippe. "Sélection et mode d'action de Trichoderma et de Basidiomycètes lignivores, antagonistes de l'Armillaire (Armillaria ostoyae (Romagn. ) Herink) en vue de leur utilisation comme agents de lutte biologique contre le pourridie du pin maritime." Bordeaux 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR28322.
Full textAmillaria exerts a powerful, pathogenic action against the maritime pine. Among control methods sudied, biological control seems to be appropriate for use in the forest massif of Gascony. This is the subject of the author's study. The antagonistic action of isolates of T. Harzianum on Amillaria were evaluated. The isolates demonstrating a certain efficaciousness in vitro and in situ provide only temporary protection of young pines in the contex of controlled inoculation in the nursery. The search for fungi of the order Basidiomycetes being wood-degrading and antogonistic was understaken on a forest-wide scale. Intensive collection allowed for obtaining diverse isolates. Among these the white not fungi which demonstrated considerable wood-degrading action were singled out. A method for quantifying antagonistic action in vitro was perfected then applied to the group of isolates previously selected. For the most efficacious among these, a study of their individual antagonistic action in semi-natural conditions was carried out. Four basidiomycetes Bjerkandera adusta, Gymnopilus spectabilis, Hygropsis aurantiaca and Hypholoma fasciculare are able to colonize wood rapidly under non sterile conditions. Additionally, they are capable of eliminating the amillaria inoculum present in the root. The various phenomena present in antagonistic and wood-degrading action were identified. The production of enzymes and of toxins was revealed when amillaria and the different basidiomycetes were paired in a liquid medium. The mycoparasitic action of certain isolates on the root not fungus was demonstrated. The study of enzymatic action inherent in the degradation of the wood was carried out. For B. Adusta ; G. Spectabilis, H. Fasciculare and H. Aurantiaca the lignolytic systems are lire efficacious than these of amillaria. The root bot fungus is characterized by a greater pectinase action than that of the other fungi
Selmi, Hela. "Effet de l'ajout de biochar sur la symbiose tripartite Ensifer meliloti-Rhizophagus irregularis-luzerne (Medicago sativa L.), sur la production d'inocula bactériens et envers la lutte aux agents pathogènes." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26598.
Full textSustainable agriculture is based on the use of less chemical inputs and promotes the use of biological products such as biochar. Many studies clearly indicate that some biochars can stimulate biological nitrogen fixation in legumes. Our project aims to study the effect of a biochar (Pines, 700ºC) on the tripartite symbiosis Ensifer meliloti-Rhizophagus irregularis-Medicago sativa L., on the production of bacterial inocula and on the fight against pathogens. A culture of alfalfa inoculated with two strains of E. meliloti A2 or S14, in the presence of Rhizophagus irregularis and in a soil amended with 0, 15 or 30% of biochar (vol:vol) was conducted. A significant stimulation of mycorrhization was observed in the presence of 15% biochar and A2 or S14. However, inoculation of alfalfa with A2 or S14 had no significant effect on yields, indicating the presence in soil of effective strains of E. meliloti. A study on survival of rhizobia and Bacillus subtilis MBI 600 at 4°C and 25°C was conducted for 120 days. It showed that biochar (15%, vol:vol) promotes significantly the survival of rhizobial cells but for Bacillus subtilis it is the Pro-mix without biochar which supports better cell survival. Thus, the biochar effect on survival of microorganisms depends on the dose of biochar used. The effect of biochar amendments on P. ultimum and FORL colonization and infection was also evaluated. The study of the effect of three doses of biochar (0, 15, 30%; vol:vol) on pathogens showed that high doses may offer a good environment for pathogens development. Our study was performed using a single type of biochar with three doses. Therefore, it is very important to test other types and doses of biochar to be able to make recommendations.
Battiston, Enrico. "Développement d’un outil innovant pour optimiser l'activité biologique des substances actives afin de contrôler des maladies fongiques chez Vitis vinifera L. Unmanned A erial Vehicle (UAV) - based remote sensing to monitor grapevine leaf stripe disease within a vineyard aff ected by esca complex Grapevine trunk diseases: a review of fifteen years of trials for their control with chemicals and biocontrol agents." Thesis, Reims, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REIMS046.
Full textThe research investigates the application of biomimetic calcium phosphate as innovative delivery system for grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) protection purposes. This smart material was successfully studied in the biomedical field, from the functionalization of biomimetic calcium phosphate with anti-cancer molecules for localized releases, to the development of an innovative toothpaste for oral hygiene. Preliminary assays to implement the control of the grapevine fungal diseases, have revealed promising results. In this framework, the biomimetic inorganic hydroxyapatite was investigated as potential delivery system of bioactive substances allowed in organic agriculture for plant protection.Through a multidisciplinary approach, the study was aimed to evaluate the efficiency of hydroxyapatite in enhancing the biological activity of copper(II) compounds, on the control of relevant common diseases, like downy mildew, and complex fungal diseases, such as the grapevine trunk diseases. This aim is related to further ambitious goals: the significant reduction of the fungicides amounts applied in plant protection and the optimization of the distribution and persistence of the bioactive substances in the plant tissues, including the vascular ones, where harmful pathogens can develop. Overall, the experimental activities allowed: (i) to understand the interaction between delivery system, functional substance and grapevine tissues; (ii) to demonstrate the mechanism on which the higher efficacy of the functional substance is based; (iii) to collect new information on the mechanisms involved in the symptoms expression by studying the plant defense reactions induced by the treatments
Lies, Adrien. "Optimisation des performances d’inocula de champignons mycorhiziens dans le cadre d’une agriculture à faibles apports." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT145.
Full textArbuscular Mycorrhizal fungi (AM) are ubiquitous microorganisms forming symbiotic relationships with the majority of terrestrial plant species. Their ecological functions in the productivity and stability of agroecosystems have been recognized for many years. Many studies have shown that these symbionts improved plant growth and plant resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Despite the proven potential of mycorrhizal symbiosis to sustainably improve the productivity of agroecosystems under low input agriculture, this biotechnology is still under exploited. This failure mainly results from technical difficulties to mass-produced fungal inoculum of high quality and a lack of knowledge about the biological factors regulating the soil receptivity of AM inoculation. The main objectives of our studies are to optimize the performance of an AM fungal inoculum. (1), by combining the AM fungus with Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria, or Mycorrhizal Helper Bacteria. This strategy aims to promote the establishment and the functioning of the mycorrhizal symbiosis. Indeed, this plant beneficial bacteria may affect plant growth through two different pathways, directly by providing to the plant some beneficial compounds (i.e. phytohormones, etc), indirectly, by reducing or preventing the deleterious effects of phytopathogens or by improving the establishment of the mycorrhizal symbiosis. (2), by plant management with the association of cereal/leguminous in intercropping. Leguminous are often dependent of AM association and AM fungi may participate to promote N and P plant uptake. (3), by amendment of mineral or organic compounds. These amendments can be degraded slowly by bacteria and promote plant nutrition without increase P and N soil availability. (4), by development of complex inocula associating beneficial bacteria, AM fungi and amendment, based on the entrapment of these inocula in alginate gels
Lies, Adrien. "Optimisation des performances d’inocula de champignons mycorhiziens dans le cadre d’une agriculture à faibles apports." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT145.
Full textArbuscular Mycorrhizal fungi (AM) are ubiquitous microorganisms forming symbiotic relationships with the majority of terrestrial plant species. Their ecological functions in the productivity and stability of agroecosystems have been recognized for many years. Many studies have shown that these symbionts improved plant growth and plant resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Despite the proven potential of mycorrhizal symbiosis to sustainably improve the productivity of agroecosystems under low input agriculture, this biotechnology is still under exploited. This failure mainly results from technical difficulties to mass-produced fungal inoculum of high quality and a lack of knowledge about the biological factors regulating the soil receptivity of AM inoculation. The main objectives of our studies are to optimize the performance of an AM fungal inoculum. (1), by combining the AM fungus with Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria, or Mycorrhizal Helper Bacteria. This strategy aims to promote the establishment and the functioning of the mycorrhizal symbiosis. Indeed, this plant beneficial bacteria may affect plant growth through two different pathways, directly by providing to the plant some beneficial compounds (i.e. phytohormones, etc), indirectly, by reducing or preventing the deleterious effects of phytopathogens or by improving the establishment of the mycorrhizal symbiosis. (2), by plant management with the association of cereal/leguminous in intercropping. Leguminous are often dependent of AM association and AM fungi may participate to promote N and P plant uptake. (3), by amendment of mineral or organic compounds. These amendments can be degraded slowly by bacteria and promote plant nutrition without increase P and N soil availability. (4), by development of complex inocula associating beneficial bacteria, AM fungi and amendment, based on the entrapment of these inocula in alginate gels