Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Champ électrique haute tension'
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El-Belghiti, Kamal. "Amélioration de l'extraction aqueuse de solutés des produits végétaux par champ électrique pulsé." Compiègne, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005COMP1563.
The work presented in this thesis deals with the development of a process of aqueous extraction of solute from vegetable products coupled to a moderate pulsed electric field (MPEF). It aims at the improvement of yield of solute and the extraction kinetics. The effect of MPEF parameters (intensity and number of pulses), agitation during extraction, shape and size of particles, solution temperature and centrifugaI field, has been studied. The main experimental work was carried out with samples of sugar beet and carrot, in form of disk and gratings, treated by MPEF of different intensities (200-1200 V/cm) and different numbers of pulses (50-1000) of 100 ilS. Aqueous extraction was carried out at various temperatures (20-50°C), under various agitation speeds (0-750 rpm) and centrifugaI accelerations (09660xg). After the development of an experimental methodology, we observed that the MPEF increases the final yield of solute. The agitation of solution, the moderate heating and the centrifugaI field accelerate the extraction kinetics. The reduction ofparticles size increases the yield of solute and accelerates the extraction kinetics. An optimisation ofboth MPEF and extraction parameters allowed to reach a maximal yield of solute (95%) under an electrical energy consumption of 6-7 and 9 kJ/kg for sugar beets and carrots, respectively. On the other hand, the combination of the process with moderate heating and/or centrifugaI field permitted to reduce from 2 to 4 times the extraction duration. . The aqueous extraction kinetics was described by a bi-exponential model involving two simultaneous processes: rapid washing, which cannot be taken into account by Fick's law, and slow diffusion. The MPEF has shown an inefficiency with dry vegetable products (Ieaves of black tea and roots of Datura Innoxia). A treatment by electric discharges of high tension (EDHT) (40 kV) allowed the acceleration of extraction from such products
Daba, Abdel-Ghani. "Mesure de l'ionisation en fonction du champ électrique dans le tétraméthylsilane (TMS)." Grenoble 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992GRE10095.
Ndoumbe, Jean. "Etude comportementale des gouttelettes d'eau déposées sur la surface d'un isolateur composite haute tension en présence du champ électrique." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00985438.
Delsart, Cristele. "Champs électriques pulsés et décharges électriques de haute tension pour l’extraction et la stabilisation en oenologie." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR21982/document.
The wine industry needs to find solutions in the coming years to reduce its carbon footprint by 20% and quickly propose alternatives to sulphur dioxide usage. This work on pulsed electric fields offers wine professionals an eco-innovation that could help to address these two issues. Eco-innovation is increasingly seen as the key to future competitiveness in the context of sustainable development. However, before being integrated in wine production, eco-innovation must demonstrate its performance and efficiency without compromising product quality and consumers safety so that it could be approved by government authorities (OIV, EU ...). As such, this thesis has received a joint financial support from the CIVB and the ADEME. The principle of Pulsed Electric Field (PEF) is to apply to a product; electrical pulses of a few kilovolts in a very short period time (a few microseconds) and then repeated n times. During treatment (grapes, grape must or wine) cells transmembrane potential increases till the induction of pores in the membranes. The irreversibility of the pores leads not only to the extraction of cellular components but also cell death. Thus, depending on the time of this technology application in winemaking and operating parameters, allows the extraction of sensory interests compounds such as polyphenols or the inactivation of microorganisms. PEF takes into account three important aspects to the sustainability of a technology: environment, economy and quality. This technique has a number of advantages for wine producers: clean, fast, inexpensive, efficient, industrializable and automated. Compared to other treatments such as pasteurization, sterile filtration, thermovinification, hot or cold maceration, cryoextraction or flash-release, its energy consumption is low (a few tens of kWh / tonne). PEF technology is environmentally friendly, as it requires little energy and no chemical inputs. It is fast and efficient because the processing time is only a few tens to hundreds of milliseconds. Finally, this technique is a non-thermal and therefore does not degrade the heat-sensitive molecules such as flavours. The objectives of this research work was to understand the effect of PEF on the cells, to determine the processing parameters during the extraction of compounds of interest grapes and to inactivate microorganisms in order to stop alcoholic fermentation of sweet wines and stabilize microbiologically red wines before bottling maintaining the quality of the processed product
He, Qian. "Étude sur le mécanisme d'activation du bois/bambou/adhésif et amélioration du collage induit par le champ électrique à haute tension." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LORR0147.
In this study, the advanced equipments were selected in order to investigate the effects of HVEF on the physicochemical properties of wood and bamboo, the effects of HVEF on the chemical structure and rheological properties of adhesives under a series of HVEF parameters. The aggregation effect of adhesive at bonding interface induced by HVEF has also been revealed and the micro-mechanical prediction model is established.The main conclusions of this study are as follows:1.After HVEF treatment, the surface activity of wood and bamboo increased significantly. Moreover, with the increase of voltage/time, the surface free radicals, O/C ratio and the number of oxygen groups increased significantly while the contact angle decreased. Under the condition of 60kV, the surface activity highly increased. The increment of free radicals was 26%, the decrease of initial contact angle was 22%, the decrease of equilibrium contact angle was 23%, the increment of free energy component was 43% ~ 75%, the increment of O/C ratio was 34%, the increment of oxygen-containing groups were 39% (C‒OH), 149% (C‒O or C=O) and 97% (O‒C=O), respectively. Therefore, under HVEF treatment, the physical and chemical properties of wood and bamboo can be significantly improved, which is conducive to improving the interphase properties of composite materials.2.With the increase of voltage/time, significantly improved inter-molecular reactions of urea formaldehyde resin and phenol formaldehyde resin were obtained. After 60kV/8 min treatment, significant increment of the characteristic peaks of C‒O groups were obtained. Under HVEF treatment, the temperature/frequency dependence of the rheological behaviors of the two resins changed significantly. Therefore, the degree of inter-molecular polymerization of phenol formaldehyde and urea formaldehyde resin can be significantly improved and the viscoelasticity of the resin can be improved under HVEF treatment.3.After HVEF treatment, the distribution of adhesive at the bonding interphase was continuous and uniform. The penetration depth was significantly reduced. The density and bonding strength at the bonding interphase were significantly increased, and the delamination rate was reduced. After treatment, the maximal density at interphase is 1081 kg/m3, which was 32% higher than the control. The bonding strength increased from 0.66MPa to 1.25MPa and the wood breaking rate increased to 85%, and the delamination rate decreased to 5.97%. For bamboo material, the bonding strength was significantly improved after HVEF treatment. The bonding strength of bamboo skin and bamboo skin was 9.51MPa, and the bamboo failure ratio was 60%. In the combination of bamboo pith and bamboo pith, the maximum bamboo failure ratio was 85%, which was increased by 70%. Therefore, under HVEF treatment, the continuous and uniform distribution of bonding interphase adhesives can be obtained, which can significantly improve the bonding performance of wood bamboo composite, and is conducive to the efficient utilization of wood bamboo composite.4. According to the vertical density profile at the bonding interface, the laminated stiffness and stress distribution model of the bonding interface has been established. The results showed that the relative error was less than ±15%. Based on the distribution model, the macroscopic mechanical properties of composite are predicted with the combination of composite mechanics and laminated plate theory, including elastic modulus, bending strength, shear modulus and shear strength. The results showed that the prediction error of mechanical properties is less than 30%. With the stiffness and strength distribution model, the effect of HVEF treatment can be quantitatively characterized and the mechanical properties of HVEF treated composites can be predicted. As a result, strengthening mechanism of bonding interphase can be revealed with the the stiffness and strength distribution model
Zavattoni, Laëtitia. "Conduction phenomena through gas and insulating solids in HVDC gas insulated substations, and consequences on electric field distribution." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENT063/document.
The emergence of renewable energy leads to a development of new technologies for energy distribution across long distances. The latter will be based on High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) to avoid capacitance losses. This network is interconnected using Gas Insulated Substation (GIS), which insulation is composed of pressurized gas (SF6) and solid insulators (epoxy resin), which have to withstand HVDC. The electric field is not anymore determined by permittivity of materials, but by resistivities and charge accumulation. In the case of an insulator with an interface with gas, electrons or ions will move across electric field lines and will charge the surface of the solid insulator. The behavior of insulator's properties (gas and solid) constitutes a major challenge for the development of HVDC GIS, to understand the charge relaxation/accumulation mechanisms.In this work, the characterization of solid insulator has first been investigated, based on a low-noise current measurement method. It is thus possible to measure the leakage current through samples and onto their surface, in a pressurized gas, at high electric field and for different temperatures. Those measurements permit to evidence that both volume and surface resistivities are strongly impacted by the increase of temperature and water concentration. It has also been shown that surface resistivity has a non-linear behavior with electric field. A numerical model was developed, to simulate experimental results, showing that the surface properties of the insulator can be implemented.Furthermore, the insulating properties of the gas were also investigated through different electric field geometry (coaxial and uniform), in order to estimate the contribution of current through gas on the charge accumulated on solid insulators. It has been found that a non-negligible current passes through the gas (~pA to nA). To determine the mechanisms responsible for such currents, the latter has been characterized depending on several parameters (electrode surface roughness, material nature, electric field, temperature and relative humidity). It revealed that the variations of currents are strongly impacted by the conditioning of the device and thus by the relative humidity adsorbed on electrodes and enclosure surfaces. In presence of a dry system (dry gas and device) low current were measured (~pA), which increases with temperature. On the contrary, in case of a “wet” system (humid gas and device) the current decreases with increasing temperature. Those results combined with the influence of the electrode roughness, strongly suggest a mechanism of charge injection at the electrode surface, enhanced by water adsorption.Finally, the results obtained for both solid and gaseous insulations are used to develop a numerical model with a shape close to the industrial application, and observe the modification of electric field distribution in presence of water concentration and temperature gradient. An estimation of current flowing through the insulator and gas is thus possible in case of uniform and gradient temperature.In conclusion, this work gives the variations of both volume and surface resistivities in an epoxy resin with temperature and electric field. It also evidences the major influence of relative humidity and temperature on charge injection mechanisms which contribute to the current measured through gas. The extensive characterization performed, enables to develop a simulation which predicts the variations of electric field distribution within an HVDC GIS
Vu, Thi Thu Nga. "Étude des phénomènes de charges d'espace dans des matériaux de câbles et câbles modèles destinés à des applications au transport d'énergie en Haute Tension Continue (HVDC)." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2389/.
This work contributes to the development of polymer-insulated high voltage direct current (HVDC) cables, focusing on the investigation of space charge build-up phenomena and their consequences on electric field distribution within cables and cable joints under thermal gradient. In this study, conduction current measurements were realized on two different materials often used for HVDC cable construction, being cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) used as cable insulation and an elastomer (EPDM) used in accessories. These data were used to build semi-empirical models of conductivity versus temperature and electric field. These models were incorporated in a commercial simulation tool in order to predict charge density and field distributions in more complex geometries such as cylindrical geometry and insulations association, submitted to various thermal and electrical stresses, in non-stationary conditions. Space charge measurements were carried out on bi-layers of XLPE/EPDM, and on medium voltage (MV) model cables and mini-cables, using the pulsed electro acoustic method. Results obtained on bi-layers as models of joints under various conditions of temperature and field show that the sign of the interfacial charges in the bi-layers depends on temperature and electric field. This makes non-homogeneous field distribution in bi-layers. For cables under thermal gradient, results show a switching in time of the position of field maximum from the inner semi-conductor to the outer semi-conductor due to the electrical conductivity gradient resulting from the thermal gradient along cable radius. Simulation results obtained on bi-layers (sign and density of charges) and within MV cables are consistent with charge density profiles obtained experimentally under various electrical and thermal stresses. Deviations between simulation and measurements are attributed to charge accumulation processes not accounted for in the model, involving notably cross-linking by-products. The effect of cross-linking by-products on the response of insulations is investigated through measurements on mini-cables and through the evaluation of parameters relevant to the accumulation of charges applied to various formulations of samples in plaque form. Substantial distortions of the electric field profile were measured, testifying for the evident propensity of by-products to dissociate under the electric field and/or assist charge injection
Niu, Shiqin. "Conception, optimisation et caractérisation d’un transistor à effet de champ haute tension en Carbure de Silicium." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEI136/document.
Silicon carbide (SiC) has higher critical electric field for breakdown and lower intrinsic carrier concentration than silicon, which are very attractive for high power and high temperature power electric applications. In this thesis, a new 3.3kV/20A SiC-4H JFET is designed and fabricated for motor drive (330kW). This breakdown voltage is beyond the state of art of the commercial unipolar SiC devices. The first characterization shows that the breakdown voltage is lower (2.5kV) than its theoretical value. Also the on-state resistance is more important than expected. By means of finite element simulation the origins of the failure are identified and then verified by optical analysis. Hence, a new layout is designed followed by a new generation of SiC-4H JFET is fabricated. Test results show the 3.3kV JFET is developed successfully. Meanwhile, the electro-thermal mechanism in the SiC JFETs under short circuit is studied by means of TCAD simulation. The commercial 1200V SIT (USCi) and LV-JFET (Infineon) are used as sample. A hotspot inside the structures is observed. And the impact the bulk thickness and the canal doping on the short circuit capability of the devices are shown. The physical models validated by this study will be used on our 3.3kV once it is packaged
Demers, Pierre. "Simulation numerique des vibrations induites par effet de couronne sur les conducteurs a haute tension." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1994. http://theses.uqac.ca.
Jaffre, Yoann-Nicolas, and Yoann-Nicolas Jaffre. "Optimisation de réacteurs à plasmas non-thermiques pour le traitement des oxydes d'azote." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00567199.
Douar, Adnane. "Recherche de matériaux isolants pour la conception d'une nouvelle génération de connecteurs électriques haute tension : influence de la pollution sur les phénomènes de décharges partielles du contournement et de claquage." Thesis, Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ECDL0046/document.
In the present study, we deal with an essential problem related to electrical lines accessories and more particularly to piercing connectors (TTDC 45501FA) commercialized by a private company named Sicame and which is located in Arnac-Pompadour (Corrèze, France). This product/accessory is designed to provide power diversions on medium voltage live lines HVA operating between 15 and 25kV. However, it becomes required to design a new generation of piercing connectors able to operate on 52kV live lines because of the electrical power demands that are steadily increasing. Actually, the main concerns about these products are the occurrence of partial discharges within the insulating material volume (polyamide 6 containing 50%wt of glass fibers). Most of the time, these discharges induce an early ageing process of the accessory under the combined effects of a corrosive environment (as salt fog) and an electric field threshold. Thus, the main objective of the present Ph.D. thesis is to carry out an appropriate choice of insulating materials among several tested polymers such as thermoplastics and thermosetting epoxy resins and EPDM elastomers that are capable of withstanding several constraints: thermal and electrical and mechanical and chemical conditions. The experimental section is focusing on the measurements of flashover voltage and partial discharges activity propagating on polymeric surfaces and breakdown voltage within material bulks under A.C voltage. That is why polymeric samples with plane surfaces and textured surfaces are molded to compare their resistance to partial discharges when being subjected to polluted environments such as salt fog; these measurements are necessary to choose the suitable materials for the required application to be integrated in the new generation of connectors. Then, the optical and electrical characterization results of creeping discharges propagating on several polymeric surfaces under lightning impulse (L.I.) voltage with its both polarities (positive and negative) and for two kinds of applied electric field (normal and tangential) are presented in the case of solid/air interfaces. Final length measurements of creepage discharges are the main parameter for distinguishing material properties. The whole obtained results (under AC and LI voltages) allow us to point out the cycloaliphatic epoxy resins as potential candidates to the conception of a new generation of piercing connectors. In addition, the electric field simulation and modelling of the TTDC 45501FA connector by using the Flux 2D/3D software seems to be helpful to design a connector prototype which exhibits a new geometry and is able to reach a voltage level that equals 52kV
Jaffré, Yoann-nicolas. "Optimisation de réacteurs à plasmas non-thermiques pour le traitement des oxydes d'azote." Thesis, Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ECDL0022/document.
Despite recent technological advances, thermal combustion in vehicles still generates a large amount of polluting gases that pure catalytic systems are unable to treat efficiently during the various phases of motor function. Nitrogen oxides are among the more problematic of the polluting gases, and a solution for their removal is critical. This work is aimed at the implementation of a solution using non-thermal plasma. The control and understanding of electrical discharges in gas enables to generate non-thermal plasmas, where only the electrons are raised to a high temperature. A non-thermal plasma treatment does not significantly heat the gas, but it still triggers important molecular changes. Under the influence of intense electric fields and depending on the initial gas composition, nitrogen oxides are either oxidized or reduced. In order to increase the gas reactivity, different geometric configurations of the reactors have been optimized and implemented. The optimization of each configuration is based on calculations of the electrostatic field, for which the amplitude of applied voltage was kept lower than 20 kV. Some of the reactors were constructed with dielectric barriers with varying arrangements, sizes, and materials. To evaluate reactor treatment efficiency of nitrogen oxides, a specialized experimental bench was constructed. Different voltage sources were tested, and the discharge was analyzed via voltage and current measurements. The experiments showed that 80 % of the nitrogen oxides in nitrogen could be reduced usinga wire-cylinder configuration with a suitable intermediate frequency AC voltage source
Tezenas, du Montcel Benoît. "Étude expérimentale et modélisation d’un plasma de vapeurs métalliques dans une ampoule à vide pour le développement de disjoncteurs Haute-Tension." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0110.
In the frame of a project investigating the possibility to replace SF6 by vacuum as a breaking medium in High-Voltage circuit breakers, a study that focusses on acquiring a better understanding of the behavior of a metal vapor arc at long contact gap (> 10 mm) and controlled by an axial magnetic field (AMF) has been undertaken. The study involves first the building of an experimental setup where arcs, created between two fixed CuCr25 contacts, were visualized using a high-speed camera in a vacuum demountable chamber. Various types of arc regime have been observed. Moreover, by means of a numerical method of detection of the cathode spots, we were able to study the evolution of the spatial distribution of the cathode spots, to measure the average current carried by a spot and to determine the average radial profile of the current density at the cathode surface. This study had also for object the development of a 2D-axisymetric and quasi-steady magnetohydrodynamic model of the hydrodynamic flow region of the arc based on a two-fluid approach. The model allows to simulate the supersonic and the subsonic diffuse arc regimes. It is used to study the arc behavior as a function of to the arc current, the AMF intensity and the contact gap
El, Makoudi Ikram. "Étude et fabrication de transistors à enrichissement de la filière InAlAs/InGaAs pour applications millimétriques faible bruit." Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10069/document.
The increasing needs of high frequency electronic systems combined with constant efforts in miniaturization require low noise and high frequency Field Effect Transistor with high operation voltage. For digital applications, enhancement mode HEMT is needed. The enhancement-mode metamorphic AlInAs/GaInAs HEMT on GaAs substrate developed in OMMIC in 2007 meet these requirements and it represents the starting point of our study. The aim of our work is to provide AlInAs/InGaAs E-HEMTs for low noise applications, on InP substrate in order to take advantage of its high electronic mobility, while maintaining high static and dynamic performances. We first optimized the structure, then we realized and characterized E-HEMTs which reach high cutoff frequencies, such as 204 GHz for FT and 327 GHz for FMAX, combined with a low noise figure of 0.96 dB and an associated gain of 13.2 dB at 30 GHz. These structures also show high static performances such as a 30 mV threshold voltage, a gate-to-drain breakdown voltage of –7 V, and a high transconductance of 1040 mS/mm. These results make this pseudomorphic E-HEMT on InP substrate at the state of the art of the enhancement mode HEMTs, and it even competes with the best low noise applications depletion mode HEMTs
Benbakhti, Brahim. "Analyses physique et thermique de transistors à effet de champ de la filière GaN : optimisation de structures pour l'amplification de puisssance hyperfréquence." Lille 1, 2006. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2006/50376_2006_294.pdf.
Gros, Cécile. "Extraction aqueuse et athermique de l'huile de lin assistée par décharges électriques de haute tension." Compiègne, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005COMP1564.
The reduction of pollutants emission in the environment involves the substitution of mineral lubricants by biolubricants. Our goal is to propose an efficient oil extraction process without organic solvent and heating. The study of crushing and maturity of seeds on expression allows to achieve a yield of 70%. We clarified the technological boIt that the mucilage (mixture of polysaccharides) represents. For its extraction, an original solution based on application of High Voltage Electrical Discharges (HVED) in water is proposed and applied to the oil cake obtained after expression. The optimization of aqueous extraction enhanced by DEHT (pH, temperature, ratio eau/tourteau, number of impulsions) allows to reach yields from 80 to 98%. Ln conclusion, the new process is composed of the following stages : crushing, expression, crushing and two HVED treatments follow-ups by centrifugation
Beauguitte, Dimitri. "Étude du vieillissement électrique du polyéthylène téréphtalate pour applications haute tension." Montpellier 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON20189.
In most high voltage gas insulated switchgears (GIS), electrical conductors are maintained by insulating materials based on epoxy resin. Due to economical and environmental problems (difficulties to recycle), these materials are subject to be replaced by thermoplastic polymers. This study focuses on the analysis of dielectric properties and behaviour of polyethylene terephtalate, intended to be used in GIS and other high voltage applications. Several properties of thick PET layers at initial state (breakdown strength, resistivity, dielectric constant, loss factor, resistance to partial discharges, conduction properties) are studied at different temperatures. An accelerated electrothermal ageing study undertaken under ac field (50 Hz) is presented in order to approach the limits of use of the materials and to evaluate its long term behaviour
Risaletto, Damien. "Caractérisation électrique en commutation de diodes haute tension en carbure de silicium." Lyon, INSA, 2007. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2007ISAL0026/these.pdf.
The integrated power systems are more and more used. These technology prototypes are very expensive; this is why converter simulation is necessary. So it’s necessary to model all the components of the system. For the research group “ISP3D”, the laboratory AMPERE has realized 4,8 kV silicon carbide diodes. The static and switching characterization of these diodes provide their performances and enable to extract the technological parameters used by their model : WB, ND, τ and A. The SiC diodes are characterized using a new switching circuit specifically designed for the exceptional performances of these devices. The design and modeling of the circuits, thus the extraction parameters are presented in the thesis. The parameters validation is realized in a resistive switching circuit, specifically developed for this type of diodes in this thesis. The experiments and simulations are in a sufficiently good agreement to validate the characterization process and the diode model. Once the SiC diode model obtained, it becomes possible to simulate the operation of a converter including SiC devices
Arnaud, Agnes. "Etude des dispositifs électroluminescents à fort champ électrique pour la détection de tension." Grenoble INPG, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002INPG0108.
Huang, Runhua. "Conception, suivi de fabrication et caractérisation électrique de composants haute tension en SiC." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00708553.
Serbia, Nicola. "Convertisseurs modulaires multiniveaux pour le transport d'énergie électrique en courant continu haute tension." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014INPT0007/document.
This work was performed in the frame of collaboration between the Laboratory on Plasma and Energy Conversion (LAPLACE), University of Toulouse, and the Second University of Naples (SUN). This work was supported by Rongxin Power Electronic Company (China) and concerns the use of multilevel converters in High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) transmission. For more than one hundred years, the generation, the transmission, distribution and uses of electrical energy were principally based on AC systems. HVDC systems were considered some 50 years ago for technical and economic reasons. Nowadays, it is well known that HVDC is more convenient than AC for overhead transmission lines from 800 - 1000 km long. This break-even distance decreases up to 50 km for underground or submarine cables. Over the twenty-first century, HVDC transmissions will be a key point in green electric energy development. Due to the limitation in current capability of semiconductors and electrical cables, high power applications require high voltage converters. Thanks to the development of high voltage semiconductor devices, it is now possible to achieve high power converters for AC/DC conversion in the GW power range. For several years, multilevel voltage source converters allow working at high voltage level and draw a quasi-sinusoidal voltage waveform. Classical multilevel topologies such as NPC and Flying Capacitor VSIs were introduced twenty years ago and are nowadays widely used in Medium Power applications such as traction drives. In the scope of High Voltage AC/DC converters, the Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC), proposed ten years ago by Professor R. Marquardt from the University of Munich (Germany), appeared particularly interesting for HVDC transmissions. On the base of the MMC principle, this thesis considers different topologies of elementary cells which make the High Voltage AC/DC converter more flexible and easy suitable respect to different voltage and current levels. The document is organized as follow. Firstly, HVDC power systems are introduced. Conventional configurations of Current Source Converters (CSCs) and Voltage Source Converters (VSCs) are shown. The most attractive topologies for VSC-HVDC systems are analyzed. The operating principle of the MMC is presented and the sizing of reactive devices is developed by considering an open loop and a closed loop control. Different topologies of elementary cells offer various properties in current or voltage reversibility on the DC side. To compare the different topologies, an analytical approach on the power losses evaluation is achieved which made the calculation very fast and direct. A HVDC link to connect an off-shore wind farm platform is considered as a case study. The nominal power level is 100 MW with a DC voltage of 160 kV. The MMC is rated considering press-packed IGBT and IGCT devices. Simulations validate the calculations and also allow analyzing fault conditions. The study is carried out by considering a classical PWM control with an interleaving of the cells. In order to validate calculation and the simulation results, a 10kW three-phase prototype was built. It includes 18 commutation cells and its control system is based on a DSP-FGPA platform
Brisset, Alexandra. "Physique des décharges nanosecondes diffuses générées sous champs électriques extrêmes." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS456.
Non-thermal high-pressure plasmas are extensively studied to understand in detail the development mechanisms of the discharges that create them and the kinetic processes induced. They activate a specific non-equilibrium chemistry that is very interesting for many applications. High concentrations of highly reactive species are thus generated with a relatively low energy consumption. At atmospheric pressure, the discharge is generally filamentary and unstable. In recent years, studies have identified new types of stable and diffuse discharges, in the sense of the spatial extension which can extend over centimetre scales. These discharges are very interesting because they combine both a large plasma volume and very high electric fields. However, the physics of these discharges is not well known.The work carried out in this thesis will addressfirst of all, physical mechanisms of triggering of the discharge. Different discharge regimes will be presented through rapid imaging measurements and the study of electrical signals. In particular, they will determine the influence of voltage on propagation rates and light intensity profiles. We will then measure the spatial and temporal distribution of the electric field and study its specificities. Then we will study how the injected energy contributes to the chemical reactivity of the discharge. In particular, the temperature and absolute densities of the majority of reactive species (O, O3, N2(B,C)) are measured. Finally, we will look at the mechanisms of energetic relaxation in post-discharge. Many diagnostics, often complementary, will make it possible to link the succession of physico-chemical processes during the temporal development of the discharge from its initiation to its complete relaxation
Randrianarivao, Dannet. "Modélisation des écoulements dans un disjoncteur haute tension." Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1781/.
This work deals with the theoretical study of plasma behavior in high voltage circuit breaker (HVCB) during the high current to the zero crossing of the alternating current. The initial pressure is 6 bars and the maximum intensity is 57 kA. The study was mainly focused on the influence of ablation of the Teflon walls (C2F4) and the pressure increase in the thermal expansion volume. A good description of this pressure rise is essential because it affects the blowing of the arc and dielectric covering at the zero crossing of the current. Magneto hydrodynamic transient model based on finite volume method has been developed using the commercial code Fluent Arobase complemented by numerous modules which are specific to the description of the plasma in the presence of the electric arc. The model takes into account the description of the plasma flow by considering: the Joule effect, the Lorentz forces, the turbulence phenomena and the ablation of nozzles. In order to quantify the radiative flux deposited to the wall, different models such as the P-1 and the DOM approaches have been implemented and applied. Finally, a hybrid model which is benefiting from the advantages of both models is proposed after validation. At first, some backgrounds on HVCB are given. We then present the implementation of the model with different installed modules. The theoretical results related to the pressure rise are compared with experimental results. The ablated mass, corresponding to the deposited energy to the wall, is also compared and validated with experimental results. This ablated mass leads to a geometry deformation that we have also taken into account. We study the influence of the geometry deformation on the pressure rise and therefore the life span of the circuit breaker. Finally, an explanation of the mechanisms leading to the pressure increase in the heating volume is proposed
Leirens, Sylvain. "Approche hybride pour la commande prédictive en tension d'un réseau d'énergie électrique." Rennes 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005REN1S130.
Chevrier, Pierre. "Simulation numérique de l'interaction arc électrique - écoulements gazeux dans les disjoncteurs moyenne et haute tension." Grenoble INPG, 1990. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00337263/.
Hund-Huart, Muriel. "Étude des transferts interfaciaux en extraction liquide-liquide sous champ électrique." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 1988. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00845221.
Hund-Huart, Muriel. "Etude des transferts interfaciaux en extraction liquide-liquide sous champ électrique." Paris, ENMP, 1988. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00845221.
Kohler, Sophie. "Contribution au développement et à la dosimétrie multi-échelles de dispositifs pour l’exposition de cellules biologiques à des impulsions électriques nanosecondes et subnanosecondes de haute intensité." Limoges, 2013. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/e4cb8901-5864-474c-9cc5-9b5baced9a6a/blobholder:0/2013LIMO4021.pdf.
For sufficiently high intensities, in vitro experimental studies have shown that the biological effects of microsecond pulses are located at the plasma membrane, while those of nanosecond pulses may as well occur at intracellular membranes. The biophysical mecanisms underlying the observed biological effects are not yet clear. In addition, numerical studies have suggested that electric pulses with subnanosecond duration may be able to trigger biological effects directly inside the intracellular organelles. In this work, we propose and study an in vitro exposure system as well as experimental and numerical dosimetry techniques with the purpose of investigating the effects of intense nanosecond and subnanosecond pulsed electric fields. We show the ability of a novel generator based on a coaxial structure to produce the expected pulses. We then propose the use of transverse electromagnetic (TEM) cells to deliver the pulses to biological cells contained in a plastic dish. An electro-optic probe is characterized and validated for macrodosimetric measurements inside the cell culture medium. We also show that the TEM cell-based setup is adapted for intracellular measurements using microfluorimetry techniques. Lastly, we report a numerical tool for dosimetric studies at atomic scale. The method that has been developed combines results of molecular dynamics simulations to a quasi-electrostatic approach using a 3D finite-difference-method code
Tumayan, Rémi. "CEM des batteries haute tension allégées pour véhicule électrique : Caractérisation de matériaux et étude du rayonnement électromagnétique." Thesis, Limoges, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIMO0049/document.
In automotive industry, electric vehicle is becoming more and more attractive for car buyers. The market penetration of electric vehicle is limited by its short range. One of the solutions to increase the range is to lower the weight of the vehicle by modifying the geometry or the material composition. Nevertheless, such changes may have consequences on the EMC of the vehicle.The work of this thesis concern the study of weight reduction of the battery shield from an EMC point of view. Several methods for materials characterization are set in this document. A method which uses a TEM cell or a stripline has been designed during this thesis to measure the complex relative permittivity of an unknown dielectric material. Then, the measured properties are inserted into numerical 3D models. The numerical techniques that fit this study are the finite differences in time domain and the method of moments. The study of radiated electromagnetic field from a battery has been performed thanks to a ½ scale model in semi anechoic chamber and mode-stirred reverberation chamber according to standard setups. More complex configurations were studied taking into account the integration of the battery-pack into the vehicle
Alcicek, Guven. "Contribution à l'étude du vieillissement et à l'intégration des supercondensateurs dans une chaîne de propulsion électrique haute tension pour des applications véhicule électrique." Thesis, Belfort-Montbéliard, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BELF0246/document.
Ultracapacitors present a growing interesting in at various the embedded applications. Recently published studies show that different integrations of ultracapacitor in the Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) permits to increase the battery’s lifetime up to twice. In the meantime, the aging of ultracapacitor is not fully known and still waits many questions have to be responded.This thesis is studying the aging of the ultracapacitor and their integration in a HEV. The work focused on the accelerated aging in floating mode such as constant voltage and temperature and also in cycling mode such as charge-discharge for a constant current. This study permits us to find a reliable and a repeatable test protocol in order to minimize the noise during the measurement of a frequencial and a continuous mode. In the meantime, the floating mode allows to estimate the supercapacitors’ lifespan and also to determine some reasons of the aging.Besides, we have also included a pack of ultracapacitors in an EV platform based on a pack of lithium iron phosphate. The experimental test demonstrated clearly a contribution of the ultracapacitors during a transient phase (acceleration, braking, sudden stress) and the dynamic strain reduction on the battery
Rebzani, Nesrine. "Etude des phénomènes électro-thermiques dans l'appareillage haute tension." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENI056/document.
Electricity is produced by power stations and is transported throughout the electric-power transmission at long distances with high voltage apparatus. The GIS (Gas Insulated Switchgear) is widely used switchgear. The electric insulation is ensured by the gas SF6. Security IEC norms impose temperature rises not to be exceeded during GIS operating. It is important to know and control the electromagnetic and thermal phenomenons which generate temperature rises. The switchgear design could then be faster and more precise, leading to only one successful temperature rise test. Solutions to reduce temperatures could also be found. The temperature rise reduction is crucial as it allow a higher current flowing through the GIS and an increase of its efficiency. The word achieved during this thesis presents an analysis of electro-thermal phenomenons in GIS and, more precisely, in busbars. It leads to the determination of the parameters influencing temperature rises and of the heat transfers proportion which is assessed and discussed. A numerical modelization is carried out to examine the temperature rises induced by the current flow in busbars
Sirat, Jacques-Ariel. "Etude expérimentale de la localisation faible dans GaAs : dimensionnalité, régime haute température, et effet de champ électrique." Grenoble 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986GRE10128.
Bouti, Salima. "Etude du vieillissement thermique à long terme du PET : application à l'isolation électrique dans des disjoncteurs haute tension." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INPL017N.
For insulating application, AREVA has chosen PET (polyethylene terephthalate) to substitute the epoxy resin as material for insulators in High Voltage Gas Insulated Substation. The main problem of this application is the fact that in operating conditions, the temperature of the PET plates would reach even exceed its glass transition [70°C-80°C]. The material undergoes aging phenomena which affect the temperature-dependent properties. The current investigation aims at observing and analyzing the gradual evolution of the mechanical, morphological and dielectric properties during thermal aging. To reach this goal, semi crystalline PET samples have been aged under vacuum at different temperatures i.e. 60°C, 80°C, 115°C and 125°C for various periods of time (until 12 months). The characterizations have been performed using several techniques: Differential scanning calorimetric (DSC), wide and small angle X-ray scattering (WAXS/SAXS), thermo-mechanical analysis (DMA), tensile test and morphological observation.The DSC measurements show that the crystallinity ratio increases with temperature and time of aging. The glass transition has increased. However no significant changes have been seen on the melting temperature. The DMA results agree with the DSC measurement in so far as it has revealed an expected increase of the Young modulus for all the samples studied. Significant differences have been observed using X-ray scattering: while the crystallinity ratio did increase, the long period has decreased specially for the case of aging at 115 and 125°C. The DMA measurements showed an almost stable glass transition around 80°C but an increase for samples aged at 125°C. When the samples have been subjected to the tensile test, a significant brittleness rise has been noticed. In addition, the SEM has revealed the presence of important amount of nucleant agent (talc, SiO2, MgO …)
Jaffré, Yoann-Nicolas. "Optimisation de réacteurs à plasmas non-thermiques pour le traitement des oxydes d'azote." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00567149.
Steckler, Pierre-Baptiste. "Contribution à la conversion AC/DC en Haute Tension." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEI075.
As Alternating Current (AC) is well suited for most of the production, transmission, and distribution applications, its massive use is easy to understand. However, for over a century, the benefits of High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) for long-distance energy transmission are well known. To connect both, AC/DC converters are mandatory, whose nature evolves with technological progress. After the problematic induced by HVDC on AC/DC converters is presented, this manuscript is focused on three topologies: Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC), Alternate Arm Converter (AAC) and Series Bridge Converter (SBC). They are presented, sized, analyzed thoroughly, and compared in quantitative terms, using original key performance indicators. It appears that MMC and SBC are particularly promising. The conventional control method of the MMC is then presented, and its structural properties are highlighted. A first original control law is presented, with similar performances but less complexity than the state-of-the-art. A second control law, non-linear and based on differential flatness theory, is introduced. It allows a very fast power tracking response while ensuring the global exponential stability of the system. These control laws are tested in simulation, using an average model and a detailed model with 180 sub-modules per arm. The last part is dedicated to the SBC. After a modeling step, some results regarding its structural analysis are presented, and an original control law is introduced. The essential role of the transformer for series converters like the SBC is highlighted. Finally, the performance of the proposed control law is assessed in simulation
BAC, Jérôme. "Contribution à l'étude et à la réalisation de commutateurs et de générateurs haute tension transitoires." Phd thesis, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009770.
Wang, Wenlu. "Eco-conception des systèmes de transmission de l'énergie électrique." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00627890.
Desmars, Loriane. "Etude des propriétés électriques et thermiques de matériaux composites à matrice époxy-anhydride pour l'isolation haute tension." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEI021.
The integration of renewable energies to the power grid requires its modification in order to ensure its stability, security and efficiency. Improving ultra-high voltage alternative current (UHVAC) gas insulated substations (GIS), e.g. reducing their size or increasing their voltage, is one of the challenges induced by the development of the future power grid, the supergrid. Increasing the ability of solid insulators used in such equipment to withstand electro-thermal stress has been identified as the main obstacle to overcome. The work presented in this manuscript has been motivated by the necessity to develop more efficient electrical insulating materials compared to commercially available ones. An epoxy-anhydride matrix filled with micron sized alumina, often used to produce GIS solid insulators, has been used as a reference for this study. We decided to keep the matrix of the reference material throughout our work and to concentrate on the filler influence in order to optimize the properties of the composites. The impact of the nature of the filler (alumina or hexagonal boron nitride), its shape factor (platelets or almost spherical particles) and its volume fraction upon thermal conductivity, coefficient of thermal expansion, dynamic mechanical properties, dielectric properties, high voltage direct current (DC) conductivity and AC breakdown strength have been highlighted. The experimental study of structure-property relationships is completed by dielectric properties and thermal conductivity modelling using the effective medium theory
Chevalier, Florian. "Conception, fabrication et caractérisation de transistors à effet de champ haute tension en carbure de silicium et de leur diode associée." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01016687.
Boggiano, Laurent. "Etude, conception et développement industriel d'un mesureur de bruit de fond de transistors à effet de champ, haute tension, de puissance." Montpellier 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON20109.
Nichele, Sylvain. "Modélisation physique et simulations numériques des écoulements dans les disjoncteurs électriques haute tension." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX10110/document.
The numerical simulations are become a very important tool to design the high voltage circuit breaker (HVCB) chamber. They help for the understanding of the different phenomena which can take place between the 2 electrodes during an interruption process. The electric arc brings together many fields of physics more or less complex and many of these phenomena are still poorly studied. So many aspects remain to be explored to improve simulations. With the increase of the calculation power, these numerical simulations can take into account more phenomena. However, for reasonable simulation times, we need to know which phenomena are preponderant. The aim of these numerical simulations is to rapidly conclude on the capacity of geometry to success an interruption process compared to different other geometries, under a given stress. In this PhD dissertation, we are particularly interested on thermal and chemical non equilibrium that can occur in HVCB during an interruption process. Currently, most simulations are carried out with a strong hypothesis: the hypothesis of Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium (LTE). This assumption allows us to alleviate the problem and to reduce the computing time. But this assumption becomes not valid when high temperature or density gradients occur. To do these simulations, the CARBUR numerical code has been used. In order to simulate flow behaviors in HVCB, an electrical arc (Joule effect and radiation) model and a module of mobile electrode have been added. Six different studies have been done and are presented: influence of the electrode shape, influence of the Navier-Stokes equations compared to the Euler equations, influence of the gas (SF6, CO2 et N2), influence of the thermal non equilibrium in a nitrogen case, influence of the position of the arc source terms in the different energy equations. In this work, a study on different nitrogen chemical kinetics is proposed. In these models, 5 chemical species are distinguished: N2, N, N+, N2+ and e-. Finally, 4 different temperatures are used: T, TVib-N2, TVib-N2+ and Te
Yao, Ziwen. "Régulateur adaptatif robuste pour les liaisons de transport a courant continu en haute tension." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPL051N.
Gallot-lavallée, Olivier. "Etude de la charge d'espace et des phénomènes luminescents comme précurseurs du vieillissement électrique d'une résine époxy utilisée dans l'isolation haute tension." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00010051.
Gallot-Lavallée, Olivier. "Etude de la charge d'espace et des phénomènes luminescents comme précurseurs du vieillissement électrique d'une résine époxy utilisée dans l'isolation haute tension." Toulouse 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU30157.
The epoxy resin on which this work is based finds its application in transformers for low and high voltage. Its characteristic is to be reinforced by metal and mineral particles and to have a working temperature above its glass transition temperature (Tg=65ʿC). The life time of the resin - like that of any organic insulator of polymeric type - is conditioned by the electric stress and in particular by degradation mechanisms and dielectric breakdown. Upstream from that there is the mechanism of electric ageing on which no physical description exists to date. However, an assumption is put forward: space charge accumulation and electroluminescence would constitute markers of electric ageing. Following this assumption, we undertook to bring understanding on the behaviour of this resin with respect to space charge, electroluminescence, current and photoluminescence. We have especially revealed that electroluminescence and space charge accumulation phenomena are active in this epoxy resin, with a strong acceleration of the processes beyond 10kV/mm. The steps downstream to the ageing model remains to be validated, namely: the implication of space charge and of side phenomena to electroluminescence in the formation of voids and/or in the critical modification of electric properties, that are phenomenologies usually associated to the question of electric ageing
Seznec, Benjamin. "Modélisation des phénomènes physiques intervenant au cours de l’émission électronique sous haute tension sous vide." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS525/document.
Electron emission in vacuum from a cathode at high voltage is an important physical phenomenon for the study of vacuum breakdown or electron sources. In the vacuum breakdown, the first step of this mechanism is electron emission at the top of the microprotrusions on the surface. Microprotrusions or emitters in electron sources have the shape of a tip. A numerical model describing the thermo-field emission has been developed for a 2D axisymmetric tip. The problem is multi-physical and it is necessary to solve problems of different natures: quantum mechanics, electrostatic, electric current and thermal heating. With this model, it is possibleto study electron emission and vacuumbreakdown when nanosecond high voltage pulses are applied. Furthermore, the study of electron emission when a picosecond pulsed laser illuminates a high voltage cathode has been performed. A new model has been developped to describe the photo-electric effect and a two-temperature model has been implemented to describe the heating of the cathode in a non-equilibrium regime. Finally, the modeling of the interaction between microparticles and electron emission from microprotusions has been realised, in order to study the breakdown voltage. Different trajectories of microparticles have been identified based on the results, depending on the electron emission current
Said, Sylvere. "Mécanisme de dégradation de films de polypropylène imprégné sous champ électrique en présence d'oxygène." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994GRE10047.
Gillette, Laurane. "Système de mesure de champ électrique pour la caractérisation sans contact, vectorielle et à grande dynamique de la tension basse fréquence en environnement industriel." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAT118.
The aim of this work is to propose the proof of concept, the experimental validation and the realization of electric field measurement system for the characterization of cables (single or multicore) or low frequency voltage equipment in industrial environment. The problematic are the energy diagnostics and high voltage device characterization. The developed system allows a conctact-less vector measurement of the fields radiated by drivers without requiring the interruption of the production chain. The measurements are made in real time and allow to obtain information about the voltage, the phase or the positions of the conductors in a cable. Two different technologies are proposed to address this problem. The first developed technology is based on the Pockels effect and leads to the realization of an electro optic probe totally dielectric and non invasive for the measurement. This electro optic probe allows, depending on the configuration, to measure the three components of the electric field. This technology is used, mainly, for high voltage applications. A second technology, based on electric sensors, is suitable for the industrial's expectations in terms of cost. It is used for low voltage applications such as electric diagnostics voltage cables. A complementary study has been developed to propose a wattmeter clamp. Thus, a technology allowing to measure the magnetic field has been implemented. This development is also contactless and provides information on the current in order deduce information on power. The electro-optical system has allowed characterization of high-voltage systems such as cables, insulators or switchgear gas-insulated (GIS). The electrical system (wattmeter clamp) offers a complete characterization of power cable: position of drivers, voltage drivers, current, phase, harmonic detection or measurement of partial discharge
Fruchier, Olivier. "Etude du comportement de la charge d'espace dans les structures MOS : vers une analyse du champ électrique interne par la méthode de l'onde thermique." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00140084.
Oustad, Dounia. "Etude de l'intérêt de la montée en tension du bus DC pour minimiser les pertes dans l'onduleur d'un véhicule électrique." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLN008/document.
Currently, autonomy of electric vehicles is one of the most blocking points for developing such mean of transport. An optimization of the efficiency of the power train is thus a primordial objective. The thesis is part of a context of energy efficiency and integration in power electronics. This will improve conversion efficiencies and mass power both by the choice of appropriate technologies and design optimized conversion structures. First, we present the impact of the evolution of the HT battery voltage on the choice of power component technologies. Different conversion architectures are also presented and the focus is on a particular converter: The inverter. Then, we compare the experimental records to those that can be supplied by manufacturers for certain components and under certain operating conditions. These tests also make it possible to enrich the data of the manufacturers. Finally, we will compare the impact of the voltage rise of the HT batteries on the performances of various inverter structures (2 and 3 levels), for different technologies of semiconductor power components and for different operating points of the machine associated
Casarin, Jérémy. "Caractérisation et mise en œuvre de composants SiC Haute Tension pour l'application transformateur moyenne fréquence en traction ferroviaire." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012INPT0123/document.
The objective of the CONCIGI-HT project (Compact AC/DC converter with Integrated High Voltage Galvanic Insulation) is to increase the efficiency of traction drives while reducing the mass and volume of the AC/DC conversion. To do that, the part low-frequency transformer - rectifier is replaced by a multi-converter topology, directly connected to the high voltage power supply and incorporating medium frequency transformers (several kHz). This thesis relates more particularly to the characterization and implementation of high voltage semiconductors in conversion topologies with intermediate medium frequency link. The study is performed on the basis of a traction drive of 2 MW operating on a 25 kV/50 Hz power supply. The first chapter presents the state of the art of the Automotrice à Grande Vitesse (AGV) recently produced by ALSTOM. The traction drive of this vehicle is used as a reference for the study of new topologies with medium frequency transformer. The second chapter first describes the structure of a conventional traction drive and then presents two multicellular topologies with medium frequency transformer applicable to railway traction (the indirect structure with PWM rectifier and DC/DC resonant converter and the direct topology combining dual converters). The advantages and disadvantages of these topologies are highlighted. The third chapter deals with the implementation and soft switching characterization of 6.5 kV Silicon components in both topologies presented above. Two test benches, representing a basic conversion stage, as well as specific drivers dedicated to the soft switching, has been made. They allow the study of semiconductors in nominal operating conditions (3.6 kV / 100 A). The fourth chapter presents the implementation and characterization of silicon carbide components (SiC). For this, power modules based on 10 kV chips (MOSFET and Diodes) have been achieved. The experimental results obtained on test benches made in the previous chapter, show a significant reduction in losses and demonstrate the viability of the dual converter topology for a 25 kV/50 Hz application. The conclusion presents the first design of an elementary block and gains in mass and volume as well as the energy savings that can be achieved compared to a conventional structure