Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Champ de vitesse de surface'
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Granada, Sales Francesc d'Assís. "Techniques d'imagerie pour la determination du champ de vitesses à la surface d'une avalanche." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/1911.
Full textL'estudi de riscos naturals i més concretament del moviment dels materials naturals (allaus o les laves torrencials) i de com modelar aquests moviments són temes de recents programes de recerca a nivell europeu.
Wald, Lucien. "Apport de la télédétection spatiale en infrarouge proche et moyen à la connaissance du milieu marin : relations entre le champ de température et le champ de courant, observations de l'état de surface et mesures de la vitesse du vent, la dynamique de la couche superficielle en mer Ligure." Phd thesis, Université du Sud Toulon Var, 1985. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00955230.
Full textBaaklini, Georges. "Characterization of the Eastern Mediterranean surface dynamics : Insights from drifter assimilation and machine learning techniques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022SORUS186.
Full textAn accurate estimation of the surface circulation is crucial because of its direct impact on physical and bio-geochemical water properties. However, currents estimation remains challenging because the stream field is affected by quickly changing flows. This problem increases in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea, where in-situ observations are relatively scarce and the inaccuracies of altimetric observations increase. Therefore, some of the mesoscale features are still debated or unknown, especially in the Levantine Basin. The thesis goal is to characterize these highly-evolving mesoscale features. In the first part of the thesis, we present a variational assimilation method that merges altimetry with drifters to improve the surface circulation representation along and around the assimilated drifters’ trajectories. We assess the method’s efficiency by comparing the velocities resulting from assimilation with independent in-situ observations and ocean color images. We use the corrected velocities to characterize short-term and local events occurring in the Levantine Basin. However, because of the significant spatio-temporal gaps in drifters’ coverage, the assimilation does not allow a continuous investigation of all the mesoscale patterns and their long-term variabilities in the basin. In the second part of the thesis, we use machine learning techniques to build a catalog of the several circulation regimes in the Levantine Basin, providing a long-term characterization of these features. We also try to explain the possible reasons behind previous contradictory assessments about some features, such as the Mid-Mediterranean Jet. The obtained results in the thesis improve the knowledge of the main mesoscale features’ characteristics, behaviors, and tendencies. The thesis applications could take advantage of other in-situ observations and of future altimetric missions like SWOT, promising to mitigate some of the actual altimetric shortcomings
Bellahcen, Salma. "Etude numérique et expérimentale du champ de vitesse en canaux composés." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAD043/document.
Full textCompound channels are characterized by a main channel and a floodplain. Their hydraulic behavior has important applications in rivers and flood control but also in sewer system management. Two approaches are followed in this study. The first one is an experimental study that aims to fulfill the lack of data concerning velocity distribution in narrow and deep compound channels. The experiments were carried out in a 16m long and 0.6m wide compound channel located in the experimental hall of ICube laboratory. The second approach is a numerical one. The objective of this study is to develop a methodology for numerical modelling of velocity distribution in compound channels. To do the experimental data of (Proust et al., 2013) were modelled compared to the experimental data in order to determine the most suitable model to reproduce velocity distribution. In addition to this comparison, the large eddy simulation method were also utilized for two experiments of (Proust et al., 2013) and (Nezu et al., 1990). Two specific boundary conditions were implemented in order to compare the efficiency of each method
Nguyen, Thi Henri. "Etude expérimentale du champ de vitesse turbulente en amont d'une flamme d'hydrogène." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376000440.
Full textMutuli, Stephen. "Détermination du champ de vitesse dans des films lubrifiants newtoniens et non-newtoniens." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37599909t.
Full textRoy, Philippe. "Simulation numérique d'un champ turbulent homogène incompressible soumis à des gradients de vitesse moyenne." Nice, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986NICE4043.
Full textRoy, Philippe. "Simulation numérique d'un champ turbulent homogène incompressible soumis à des gradients de vitesse moyenne." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37601015n.
Full textBekkara, Nourouddine. "Optimisation et compromis surface-vitesse dans le compilateur de silicium SYCO." Phd thesis, Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376027103.
Full textBekkara, Nourouddine Courtois Bernard. "Optimisation et compromis surface-vitesse dans le compilateur de silicium SYCO." S.l. : Université Grenoble 1, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00325731.
Full textKrawczynski, Jean-François. "La structure du champ de vitesse dans un réacteur à jets opposés. Caractérisation du mélange turbulent." Rouen, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ROUES071.
Full textThis work concerns the experimental characterization of a multiple opposed-jets reactor. The influence of a large range of Reynolds numbers on the turbulent field and mixing statistics are studied. The particular manner of fluid circulation produces mixing layers that can be seen as giant vorticity rings. The crucial role played by the confinement is pointed out by two characteristics length scales: l, the width over which the kinetic energy is injected at the interface of two opposed jets and δ,the range of scales over which the enstrophy is injected. These scales are clearly observable on the energy spectra that exhibit a high level of energy at low frequencies and a scaling region in k-3, at intermediate scales. Our results illustrate that the turbulent field is transported in a quasi frozen state by the mean flow and that the behaviour of the smallest vorticity eddies are controlled by the largest ones
Guerra, Davide. "Modélisation du transfert d'un aérocontaminant dans un local ventilé en champ proche d'une source d'émission accidentelle." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2004. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7295/1/guerra.pdf.
Full textRenault, Daniel. "Modélisation hydrologique en irrigation de surface : analyse de la vitesse de la linéarisation de la vitesse du front d'avencement : alive." Montpellier 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON20224.
Full textAouine, Ouafae. "Corrélation entre le fonctionnement électrique et le rayonnement magnétique en champ proche d’un variateur de vitesse électronique." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00505335/fr/.
Full textThe static converters constitute a powerful means of energy transformation. Nevertheless, they generate important electromagnetic disturbances during switching. In this manuscript, we study the correlation between electric working and near magnetic radiation of electric converter. For this, we achieved a new near filed test bench. The first use of the new bench was made on an academic system like a Buck converter. This study constituted a good means for the bench validation, the comparative results are satisfactory. The second application was more industrial. It enabled us to identify the main sources. Simplifying assumptions enabled us to establish first order models valid until the medium frequency. These models enable us to predict the electromagnetic performances of the main sources before design phase
Aouine, Ouafae. "Corrélation entre le fonctionnement électrique et le rayonnement magnétique en champ proche d'un variateur de vitesse électronique." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00505335.
Full textLismonde, Baudouin. "Champ de vitesse au bord d'attaque et dans le spot laminaire d'un écoulement sur une plaque plane." Grenoble 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987GRE10074.
Full textLismonde, Baudouin. "Champ de vitesse au bord d'attaque et dans le spot laminaire d'un écoulement sur une plaque plane." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376074992.
Full textImtiaz, Afifa. "Champ d'ondes, variabilité spatiale et cohérence des mouvements sismiques : effets en champ proche et en vallée alluviale." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GRENU002/document.
Full textSpatial variation of earthquake ground motion over short distances significantly affects the dynamic response of engineered structures with large dimensions. In current practices, the ground motion excitation across the foundation of a structure is assumed to be spatially uniform, which becomes inadequate for spatially extended structures in the near-fault region or on sites with lateral inhomogeneity. This PhD thesis seeks to understand the key parameters that locally control the ground motion spatial variability with the intent of putting forth practical propositions for incorporating such effects in seismic design and hazard assessment. The first part of the thesis addresses the within-event component of the standard deviation of ground-motion distribution in near source region by means of numerical simulation of ground motions for extended sources with realistic rupture kinematics. The results suggest that the within-event variability significantly depends on the rupture type, depicting an increase with distance for bilateral ruptures and a decrease for unilateral ruptures. The second part deals with the characterization of seismic wave field at the Koutavos-Argostoli site, a small-size, shallow, alluvial valley located in the seismically active Cephalonia Island in Western Greece. The seismic wave field was investigated from the recordings of a dense seismological array for a set of 46 earthquakes, with magnitude 2 to 5 and epicentral distance up to 200 km. The MUSIQUE array analysis algorithm was used to extract the phase velocity, back-azimuth, type and polarization of the dominant waves crossing the array. The results clearly indicate dominant scattering of seismic surface waves, mainly from the valley-edge directions, beyond the fundamental frequency of the valley. While Love surface waves clearly dominate the wave field close to the resonance frequency, Rayleigh waves strongly dominate only in relatively narrow frequency bands at higher frequency. Besides, an excellent consistency is observed between the dominance of the identified surface wave type in the wave field and the site amplification. The "lagged coherency" of the most energetic part of the ground motion has been quantified for each station-pair within the array. In general, spatial coherency estimated from the horizontal components exhibit decays with frequency and interstation distance. Estimates from the vertical component exhibit rather larger values at some higher frequencies. Although coherency does not show any consistent trend indicating dependence on the magnitude, back-azimuth or site-to-source distance of the event, it seems to be primarily controlled by the site geometry. Larger coherency is systematically observed when the station pair is oriented parallel to the valley axis, while lower values are observed in the perpendicular direction. This observation proves to be consistent with the MUSIQUE analysis results: the predominance of scattered surface waves propagating across the valley implies an in-phase motion along valley-parallel direction and out-of-phase motion along valley-perpendicular direction. The findings of the present research are expected to contribute in enhancing our understanding of spatial variability of ground motion and improving the coherency models used in engineering. This work also opens up new insights and many questions in need of further investigation
Akheyar, Amal. "Capteurs chimiques au silicium à modulation du champ électrique de surface." Toulouse 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU30168.
Full textChampy, Doutreleau Isabelle. "Analyse et calcul du champ acoustique reflechi par une surface periodique." Paris 6, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA066440.
Full textLazreq, Zouhair. "Sonde pression-vitesse pour la mesure du champ acoustique dans des conduits en présence d'écoulement : réalisation et applications." Compiègne, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994COMPD706.
Full textKamguem, René. "Qualité de surface et émissions acoustiques en fraisage haute vitesse des alliages d'aluminium." Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2010. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/269/1/KAMGUEM_Ren%C3%A9.pdf.
Full textSélénou, Ngomsi Djoko Fokou Aimé. "Etude expérimentale sur la densité volumique de charge d'un jet à grande vitesse soumis à l'action d'un champ électrique." Poitiers, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999POIT2287.
Full textAmodei, Luca. "Etude d'une classe de fonctions splines vectorielles en vue de l'approximation d'un champ de vitesse. Application à la météorologie." Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30196.
Full textAlhassoun, Yasser. "Étude et mise en oeuvre de machines à aimantation induite fonctionnant à haute vitesse." Toulouse, INPT, 2005. https://hal.science/tel-04587281.
Full textActually, electromechanical machines are characterized by their low cost and reducedmaintenance. Therefore, new types of magnetic materials such as soft magnetic composites (SMC), have to be considered not only for multiple applications (small motors for automotive) for cost reduction, but also when considering other special requirements such as high speed drive (aircraft and space applications). Our report of thesis is articulated around four chapters: The first chapter show the various types of magnetic interactions used in the electromagnetic actuators. The second chapter is devoted to the modelling of the induced magnetic machines by analytical resolution of equations of the field in two dimensions. The third chapter presents the four configurations prototypes of switched reluctance machine which mix the exploitation of laminated materials and the soft magnetic powders. The fourth chapter discusses the critical conditions of this machines operating at high speed. We conclude, insisting on the efforts carried out in term of analytical modelling of the induced magnetization machines for their dimensions and exploited in this same structure, the soft magnetic composite materials. The results show the potential of soft magnetic powders when considering in particular the high frequency losses and their ability to favour the heat dissipation in this structure
Tranchant, Laurent. "Transferts radiatifs de champ proche guidés : nanostructures à phonon-polaritons de surface." Thesis, Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ECAP0001/document.
Full textMiniaturization of transistors, whose sizes reach a few tens of nanometers nowadays,implies new problems of heat control at very short scales. This big challenge among others enabled the emergence of nanoscale heat transfer as a new research domain. Near-field heat transfer is one of the axis of this thematic.It concerns the behavior of thermal waves at a scale shorter than their wave lengths.Under these conditions the waves with the highest energy density are evanescent, that is confined at the surface. Surface phonon-polariton (SPhP) is a particular case of an evanescent wave propagating at the surface of a polar dielectric material. This PhD work consists in examining SPhP propagation along the surface of micrometric glass tubes and in proving the ability of these waves to enhance heat transfer in these systems.A theoretical analysis has been carried out to justify the use of such heat waveguides whose thermal conductivity can be doubled due to SPhP. The experimental detection of those waves based on their diffraction at the tip of the glass tubes is then presented. This emission is measured thanks to the assembly of a microscope and a Fourier-transform IR spectrometer. The presence of SPhPs is proved through measured spectra exhibiting their characteristic spectral signature
Vaissière, Dimitri. "Métrologie tridimensionnelle des états de surface par microscopie confocale à champ étendu." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STR3A001.
Full textLiu, Zubin. "Etude numérique et expérimentale des modes de rayonnement champ proche de structures vibrantes." Ecole centrale de Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ECDM0012.
Full textTerra, Nova Filipe. "The time-dependence of reversed flux patches in archeomagnetic field models and numerical dynamo simulations : implication for the South Atlantic Anomaly evolution." Thesis, Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NANT4023/document.
Full textArcheomagnetic field models and numerical dynamo simulations provide important insights to the geodynamo. I investigated the existence and mobility of reversed flux patches (RFPs) in archeomagnetic field models. I compared the tracking of RFPs with seismic anomalies of the lowermost mantle to explore if RFPs have preferred locations prescribed by lower mantle lateral heterogeneity and interpreted in terms of core dynamics and core-mantle thermal interactions. Correlation in co-latitude and a shift in longitude allowed inferring azimuthal orientation of toroidal field below the core-mantle boundary (CMB) and the presence of large fluid upwelling structures at the top of the core. The South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA) is a region of weak geomagnetic field intensity at the Earth's surface, which is commonly attributed to RFPs on the CMB. While the SAA is clearly affected by the reversed flux region below the South Atlantic, I showed that the relation between the SAA and RFPs is not straightforward. The SAA minimum is determined by the interplay among several robust flux patches at the CMB. Simple secular variation (SV) scenarios suggest that while the SAA path can be explained by advection, its intensity decrease requires magnetic diffusion. Investigating whether lower mantle thermal heterogeneity may explain the location of the SAA was tested with run numerical dynamos with heterogeneous CMB heat flux. Histograms of the coordinates of surface intensity minima show two peaks of preferred longitudinal position of weakest surface field intensity, one close to the present SAA minimum longitude. The ingredients to reproduce the SAA coordinates are related to north-south asymmetry of normal and reversed flux
Degroot, Anne. "Contribution à l'estimation de la vitesse acoustique par Vélocimétrie Laser Doppler & Application à l'étalonnage de microphones en champ libre." Phd thesis, Université du Maine, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00193066.
Full textL'application de la VLD à l'acoustique de l'audible pour des niveaux allant de 60 à 120 dBSPL en présence de faibles écoulements (quelques mm/s) constitue le domaine d'investigation du Laboratoire d'Acoustique de l'Université du Maine depuis le milieu des années 90. Les méthodes de traitement du signal aujourd'hui implémentées sur le banc de mesure appartiennent à la famille des méthodes temps-fréquence donnant accès à la loi de fréquence instantanée (proportionnelle à la vitesse) de la particule lors de son passage dans le volume de mesure. Ces méthodes ont été développées et validées expérimentalement sur une seule bouffée Doppler en présence de très faible écoulement conduisant à une loi de variation de la vitesse de plusieurs périodes acoustiques.
L'objectif de cette thèse est double. Dans un premier temps, il vise à développer un traitement de signal qui permette d'estimer la vitesse acoustique à partir de l'analyse de plusieurs bouffées. Dans un deuxième temps, il vise à utiliser la VLD pour estimer une pression acoustique à partir des vitesses acoustiques mesurées au voisinage d'un structure (d'un microphone).
La première partie du travail consiste à développer et valider une méthode de traitement du signal, basée sur l'utilisation de la transformée en ondelette, capable de détecter, localiser, classifier (simple ou multiple) les bouffées contenues dans un signal bruité et propose une méthode d'estimation des paramètres acoustiques et de vitesse d'écoulement par utilisation d'une méthode des moindres carrés appliquée au signal de fréquence instantanée estimé suite à la détection des bouffées.
La deuxième partie de cette thèse permet d'initialiser des travaux, en collaboration avec le laboratoire d'acoustique d'Edimbourg, sur l'étalonnage de microphone en champ libre par mesures de vitesses acoustiques VLD.
Une première étude de faisabilité d'estimation de la pression à partir de mesures de vitesses à une dimension est menée, permettant d'envisager un étalonnage des microphones à réponse en pression. Puis, dans un second temps, une approche analytique basée sur la formulation intégrale de Green propose de développer un modèle à deux dimensions du champ de pression en fonction de la vitesse au voisinage très proche du microphone dans le but d'étalonner les microphones en champ libre.
Degroot, Anne. "Contribution à l'estimation de la vitesse acoustique par vélocimétrie laser Doppler et application à l'étalonnage de microphones en champ libre." Le Mans, 2007. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2007/2007LEMA1005.pdf.
Full textLaser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) is a non intrusive technique widely used in fluid mechanics, but still marginal in acoustics, for measuring the particle velocimetry. Accessing to the acoustic particle velocity allows to characterize complex acoustics fields to study phenomena close to vibrating surfaces or around geometrical discontinuities for example. Research works of LDV applications to audible acoustics levels going from 60 to 120 dBsPL in presence of weak flows (a few mm/s) has been investigated by the Laboratoire d'Acoustique de l'Université du Maine for the middle of the nineteens. Signal processing methods nowadays implement on the measurement bench belong to time-frequency methods allowing to get the instantaneous frequency (proportional to the velocity) of the particle during its crossing of the measuring probe. These methods have been developed and validated experimentally on one single burst for weak flow leading to a velocity variation of several acoustics periods. The objective of this Ph. D thesis is dual. In a first time, this thesis develops a new signal processing to get an estimation of the acoustic velocity parameters thanks to a large number of bursts. In a second time, this works presents the use the LDV sensor to estimate the acoustic pressure thanks to the measurement of the acoustic velocities. The first part of this study consists in developing and validating a signal parametric method, based on the use of a wavelet transform, able to detect, localize, classify (single or overlap) bursts present on the noisy Doppler signal and in processing an estimation method of acoustics parameters and flow velocities estimation with the help of a least mean square method on the instantaneous frequency after the detection process of bursts. The second part of this thesis allows to initiate new works, in collaboration with the Acoustics and Fluid dynamics group of Edinburgh, on free field microphone calibration thanks to acoustic velocities measurements by LDV. A first study investigates the possibility of getting an accurate pressure estimation thanks to acoustic velocities measurement to calibrate at first pressure microphones. Then, in a second time, an analytic approach based on the Green integral formulation proposes a two dimensional model of the acoustic pressure field function of the velocity close to the microphone membrane to hope a future calibration of free-field microphone
Fournier, Corinne. "Holographie numérique pour la vélocimétrie par images de particules : extraction des trois composantes du champ de vitesse dans un volume." Saint-Etienne, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STET4005.
Full textThis thesis work concerns the measurement of 3D velocity field from in-line digital holograms of microparticles. The applicative context is the study of fluid flows. We propose an algorithm, which can be understood as an extension of the 2D Particle Image Velocimetry technique to 3D measurement, without individual particle location. It enables working with a greater number of particles than the standard tracking algorithms. A detailed study of the particle digital holography basics is presented. It covers the following main aspects : recording, digitization, and reconstruction, as well as noise characterization in holograms and reconstructed images. It leads to the definition of the fundamental parameters of the technique (which for instance depends on the recording distance and particles diameter) and to the expression of signal to noise ratio. In order to make the in-line digital holography technique more flexible, a study of the theoretical influence of an optical system placed in the set up is described. A calibration approach of the system is given and experimentally validated. A theoretical study of the influence of the reconstruction function windowing is then carried out. It demonstrates the existence of oscillations in the z profile of a reconstructed particle. Experimental results showing such oscillations are presented. Moreover, this study allows defining a shape parameter, which enables to control the shape of the axial profile of the particles. Techniques to segment particles in the reconstructed volume are presented. They are illustrated on simulated holograms of about one thousand particles. Finally the algorithm for velocity measurement and 2 tests of validation are detailed. The first test consists in processing simulated holograms of particles submitted to a velocity gradient. The second one consists in recording and processing real holograms of particles put on microscope plates in rotation
Degroot, Anne Simon Laurent. "Contribution à l'estimation de la vitesse acoustique par vélocimétrie laser Doppler et application à l'étalonnage de microphones en champ libre." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2007. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2007/2007LEMA1005.pdf.
Full textChaouch, Braham Mounir. "Contribution à l'étude de surface du silicium par microscopie à émission de champ." Lyon 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LYO10028.
Full textSchmidmayer, Kevin. "Simulation de l'atomisation d'une goutte par un écoulement à grande vitesse." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0339/document.
Full textOnly at the beginning of the millennium, direct numerical simulation has emerged as a valuable tool capable of studying the atomization of an isolated droplet by a high-speed flow. The atomization can be divided into two distinct phases: the aerobreakup occurs first in the form of flattening of the droplet, also forming filaments, and then it continues via the obtaining of a multitude of reduced sizes droplets what completes the process of atomization. The main objectives of this work were therefore to establish a model and a numerical method able to study these phenomena as well as possible. The atomization of an isolated droplet is presented and is accompanied by a comparison with the experiment which confirms the capacities of the model and the method to numerically simulate the different physical processes involved. Essential information on atomization mechanisms, which cannot be exploited with experiments, is described and the objective of obtaining droplets of reduced sizes is achieved
Bernard-Michel, Gilles. "Etude experimentale de la distribution spatiale du champ de vitesse de particules en sedimentation : vitesses moyennes, fluctuations pseudo-turbulentes, convection intrinseque." Paris 6, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA066043.
Full textPuerta, Velasquez Juan David Tidu Albert Chevrier Pierre. "Etude des copeaux et de l'intégrité de surface en usinage à grande vitesse de l'alliage de titane TA6V." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2007. ftp://ftp.scd.univ-metz.fr/pub/Theses/2007/Puerta_Velasquez.Juan_David.SMZ0705.pdf.
Full textBenrezzak, Sakina. "Microscopie et spectroscopie en champ proche optique appliquées à l'étude des plasmons localisés de surface." Troyes, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TROY0010.
Full textLambeets, Sten. "Hydrogénation catalytique du CO2 sur le rhodium :étude des processus en surface et sous-surface par techniques d’émission de champ." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/263477.
Full textDoctorat en Sciences
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Gérard, Davy. "Etude en champ proche et en champ lointain de composants périodiquement nanostructurés : cristaux photoniques et tamis à photons." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008751.
Full textColombet, Florent. "Facteur d'échelle visuelle pour la restitution de la perception de vitesse en simulation de conduite automobile." Phd thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00546257.
Full textPaoli, Josiane. "Contrôle optimal du champ rétrodiffusé et optimisation sous contraintes." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001DENS0012.
Full text"In this thesis, the optimal command theory of J. L. Lions is applieds to observability, the object being to reduce the radar signature. A computer program has been developed to both resolve the problem of optimal control, and optimise, under constraints, this radar signature. The scattered wave is minimised using a control acting on a part of the boundary of the concerned object. A natural function to minimize is the radiation in a solid angle modulated by a cost function. The physical modelling of an electromagnetic problem and the management of scattering are described. A mathematical analysis of the Helmholtz equation is then discussed. The problems of control and observation are considered first in an external domain, and subsequently in a domain bounded on its external frontier by an absorbance limit condition. An equivalent of a radiation diagram is defined in thise bounded domain. First, the possibility of an exact control is considered. Then, an approximated control is constructed. Finally, an optimal control is studied. The subsequent section focuses on resolving the Helmholtz 2D equation using a finite element method. The convergence of the discrete solution is shown and an estimation of the error is provided. The algorithms of the given solution are discribed before moving to the application and illustrations. Then, the emphasis is placed on the numerical analysis of the optimal control problems. The first step is to define this problem and subsequently to describe the algorithm used for the optimal control. This description is, in fact, composed of the two methods used for the resolution. Finally, the numerical results are presented. Based on those results, the effects of the different input parameters are analysed. The robustness of the control is then studied based on the frequency and incidence angle. The problem of minimisation under constraints is resolved with the aid of an existing optimisation using the internal point method (IPA)"
Hébrard, Elodie. "Magnétométrie stellaire et imagerie Zeeman-Doppler appliquées à la recherche d'exoplanètes par mesures vélocimétriques." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30215/document.
Full textForthcoming instruments dedicated to exoplanets detection through the radial velocity method are numerous, and increasingly more accurate. However this method is indirect: orbiting planets are detected and characterised from variations on the spectrum of the host star. We are therefore sensitive to all activity phenomena impacting the spectrum and producing a radial velocity signal (pulsation, granulation, spots, magnetic cycle...). The detection of rocky Earth-like planets around main-sequence stars, and of hot Jupiters into young systems, are currently limited by the intrinsic magnetic activity of the host stars. The radial velocity fluctuations caused by activity (activity jitter) can easily mimic and hide signals from such planets, whose amplitude is of a few m/s and hundreds of m/s, respectively. As a result, the detection threshold of exoplanets is largely set by the stellar activity level. Currently, efforts are invested to overcome this intrinsic limitation. During my PhD, I studied how to take advantage of imaging tomographic techniques (Zeeman-Doppler imaging, ZDI) to characterize stellar activity and magnetic field topologies, ultimately allowing us to filter out the activity jitter. My work is based on spectropolarimetric observations of a sample of weakly-active M-dwarfs, and young active T Tauri stars. Using a modified version of ZDI, we are able to reconstruct the distribution of active regions, and then model the induced stellar signal allowing us to clean RV curves from the activity jitter. First tests demonstrate that this technique can be efficient enough to recover the planet signal, especially for the more active ones
LE, DORSE FREDERIC. "Techniques de correction du champ proche appliquees aux mesures de surface equivalente radar (ser)." Nantes, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NANT2067.
Full textBillot, Laurent. "Etude de nanoparticules métalliques par Diffusion Raman Exaltée de Surface et champ proche optique." Troyes, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TROY0011.
Full textThe aim of this PHD is to study gold nanoparticles by extinction spectroscopie, Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) and Near-field optic. The extinction measurements on such particles designed by electronic beam lithography have given evidence of the particle shape effect on the Plasmon resonance position. We have also observed the existence of multipolar Plasmon resonance on elongated nanoparticles. The SERS efficiency of nanoparticles has been investigated by deposing several different molecular probes (BPE, rhodamine 6G and benzoïc acid). The observation of the dependence of the Raman enhancement versus the nanoparticle length is clearly demonstrated and remarkably a maximum enhancement is observed for a specific length. For such particles, we also show clearly that a multipolar localized surface plasmon modes exhibites a stronger efficiency than the first dipolar order. We have studied the nanoparticles by Near-Field Optical Microscopy. We reported on one artefact related to the error signal in cantilever vibration amplitude of the illumination beam and is insidious because it can produce sub-diffraction limited optical features that actually have no correlation with the true optical Near-Field. To conclude, we also present some first results on one new kind of tip applied to Raman Near-Field spectroscopy
Levine, Benjamin Isaiah. "Etudes des interférences au voisinage d'une surface." Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30125.
Full textPuerta, Velasquez Juan David. "Etude des copeaux et de l'intégrité de surface en usinage à grande vitesse de l'alliage de titane TA6V." Metz, 2007. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/2007/Puerta_Velasquez.Juan_David.SMZ0705.pdf.
Full textHigh speed machining (HSM) is a metal forming process very appreciated in industry because of the advantages that it provides, in comparison with traditional machining. In this work, orthogonal cutting tests were carried out on titanium alloy TA6V in order to study the chips and the machined surfaces. The morphology and the metallurgy of the chips obtained were characterised. Main results obtained by using materials characterisation techniques (XRD, SEM, EDX, EBDS) were used to comment on the nature of the shear bands. It leads to priviligeate the catratrophic shear theory in order to explain the chips formation process in HSM. Surface integrity is the term used to describe the parameters related to the micro-geometrical and the structural characterisation of a machined surface. This study leads to estimate the impact of the process on the obtained component. The surface integrity was studied with two different approach: firstly the characterisation of the crystallographic texture of surfaces and its evolution with the cutting speed was carried out. For this propose, a new strategy of data measurement and treatment in order to separate and to fit the X-ray diffraction peaks was developed. Secondly part, a metallurgical approach to characterise the machined surfaces was used. The morphology of material beneath the machined surface and their residual stress was also determined. It was possible to show the machined surface is a bi-layer material. Finally, the residual stresses and the crystallographic texture of the machined surfaces were correlated with the microstructural observations of the machined surfaces and the obtained chips
Moukala, Louis-Marie. "Évaluation non destructive des milieux stratifiés par dispersion de vitesse d'ondes de Stoneley-Scholte : simulation de fonds marins." Lille 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LIL10093.
Full textChenni, Bouzid. "Évaluation non destructive d'acier chromé par dispersion de vitesse d'ondes de Rayleigh." Lille 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LIL10020.
Full textJouve, Laurène. "Modélisation du magnétisme solaire : de son origine interne à ses manifestations en surface." Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA077240.
Full textThis thesis is part of the general study of dynamical processes involved in stars such as convection, rotation or magnetic fields and of their nonlinear interactions. The results of numerical simulations using the 2D finite element code STELEM and the pseudo-spectral 3D code ASH are presented. The first part of this work focuses on the global modeling of the solar dynamo. Through 2D simulations using mean-field theory, I studied the influence of a complex profile of meridional flow in Babcock-Leighton models. We show that there may be doubts about the ability of such models to reproduce the main characteristics of the solar cycle. In order to better constrain the effects of solar variability on the Earth climate, we present a first application in solar physics of sophisticated prediction methods which are used in meteorology. I also computed the first 3D MHD simulations in spherical geometry of a key step in the solar dynamo : the nonlinear evolution of magnetic structures from the base of the convection zone up to the surface where they produce active regions. Weak fields are likely to be modulated by convective motions, thus creating favored longitudes of emergence. If these structures are sufficiently arched, the orientation of bipolar spots corresponds to Joy's law. The introduction of an atmosphere in these models is a step towards a 3D global vision of our Sun