Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Champ de vent'
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Lieutaud, Frédéric. "Le lidar doppler spatial pour la mesure du champ de vent : simulateur instrumental et echantillonnage." Paris 7, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA077050.
Full textBadat, Herisitraka. "Effet d’un champ magnétique et d’un champ électrique continu sur le comportement d’une flamme laminaire de diffusion. Impact sur les émissions des suies." Thesis, Orléans, 2020. https://theses.univ-orleans.fr/public/2020ORLE3167_va.pdf.
Full textThe impact of a DC electric field and a magnetic field on the stabilization of a laminar CH4 jet diffusion flame and CH4 / air coaxial jets diffusion flame, attached or lifted with the instability of flickering are studied. The impact of these fields is also studied on modification of soot particles production. For the flame under, magnetic field generated by an electromagnet, coaxial burner is placed inside the magnet at two positions corresponding at a positive and negative magnetic gradient. Under this field, the attraction of paramagnetic oxygen at the flame front leads to modify the flickering frequency, the lift height, as well as the visible luminosity of the flame. This change in luminosity is correlated with soot production modification in the flame through the stoichiometry, local temperature, and residence time. For the CH4 single jet flame, an electric field generated between the burner and a grid (electrode), placed at different distances from the burner, showed a reduction in the average flame length, a decrease in CH* luminescence, and disappearance of the instability of flickering when the intensity of the field increases. Strong instability of the flame appears if a critical value of the electric field is exceeded. The change in the value of the current according to the applied voltage is correlated with the behavior of the flame. The electric field applied to the partially premixed CH4/air flame made it possible to re-attach the flame initially lifted to the burner and reduce its frequency of oscillation (flickering). The displacement of the ions present in the flame under an electric field induces a dynamic effect called ionic wind as well as ionization, thus modifying the behavior of the flame. Finally, we carried out soot measurements by extinction/diffusion in methane/acetylene flame under an electric field. The application of an electric field of different intensities (positive) showed a reduction in the volume fraction and a change in the size distribution of soot. This decrease is coupled with the decrease in the visible luminosity of the flame observed when the field is applied
Perozzi, Gabriele. "Exploration sécurisée d’un champ aérodynamique par un mini drone." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ECLI0007/document.
Full textThis thesis is part of the project "Small drones in the wind" carried by the ONERA center of Lille. This project aims to use the drone as a "wind sensor" to manage a UAV quadrotor in disturbed wind conditions using wind field prediction. In this context, the goal of the thesis is to make the quadrotor a wind sensor to provide local information to update the navigation system. With real-time on-board wind estimation, the quadrotor can compute a trajectory planning avoiding dangerous areas and the corresponding trajectory control, based on anexisting cartography and information on the aerodynamic behavior of airflow close to obstacles. Thus, the results of this thesis, whose main objectives are to estimate instant wind and position control, will be merged with another study dealing with trajectory planning. An important problem is that pressure sensors, such as the aeroclinometer and the Pitot tube, are not usable in rotary-wing vehicles because rotors air inflow interferes with the atmospheric flow and lightweight LIDAR sensors generally are not available. Another approach to estimate the wind is to implement an estimation software (or an intelligent sensor). In this thesis, three estimators are developed using the sliding mode approach, based on an adequate drone model, available measurements on the quadrotor and inertial tracking position systems. We are then interested in the control of the trajectory also by sliding mode considering the nonlinear model of the quadrotor. In addition, we are still studying quite an early alternative solution based on the H control, considering the linearized model for different equilibrium points as a function of the wind speed. The control and estimation algorithms are strictly based on the detailed model of the quadrotor, which highlights the influence of the wind
OH, DOMINIQUE. "Etude d'un simulateur instrumental pour la restitution du champ de vent par un lidar doppler aeroporte. Application a wind." Paris 6, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA066418.
Full textDabas, Alain. "Wind. Teledetection du champ de vent a la meso-echelle par lidar co#2 heterodyne aeroporte : physique et traitement du signal." Paris 6, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA066062.
Full textValla, Matthieu. "Etude d'un lidar doppler impulsionnel à laser Erbium fibré pour des mesures de champ de vent dans la couche limite de l'atmosphère." Paris, ENST, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ENST0030.
Full textA PhD work has been undertaken for the realization of an impulse coherent laser anemometer for the measurement of wind field solved in distance in the lower atmosphere. During its propagation, the pulse gradually probe the atmosphere in the ascending direction. It is thus possible to realize a distance resolved velocity measurement by cutting out the analysis of the signal retrodiffused in multiple temporal windows. The originality of this PhD work is the use of a 1. 55 µm erbium fiber amplifier in a nanosecond pulsed mode, which allows the realization of compact and reliable instruments, with ocular safety. The instrumental simulator calculates the carrier to noise ratio of a mono or bistatic lidar, using configurations of truncated Gaussian beams with or without atmospheric turbulence. In order to account for atmospheric turbulence, the simulator uses a screen phase propagation code. The exact calculation of the Cramér-Rao lower bound allows us to predict the performances of the digital processing associated with the instrument. This part contains a fine model of the spectrum of the lidar signal which highlights a form of "spectral leakage" related to the decorrelation of the signal due to the pulsed nature of the instrument. He availability of a laser able of 20 µJ pulses allowed the realization of a prototype which was able to make three simultaneous measurements at distances up to 130 meters, thus giving us the opportunity to validate by the experiment the spectrum model undertaken during this PhD work
Valla, Matthieu. "Étude d'un lidar doppler impulsionnel à laser Erbium fibré pour des mesures de champ de vent dans la couche limite de l'atmosphère /." Paris : École nationale supérieure des télécommunications, 2005. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40105254b.
Full textLavraud, Benoît. "Les cornets polaires extérieurs de la magnétosphère terrestre : analyse des données de la mission Cluster." Toulouse 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU30004.
Full textCorlais, Frédéric. "Etude en soufflerie et in situ du champ pression induit par le vent derriere les bardages et autour de structures de section circulaire." Nantes, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NANT2036.
Full textCorlais, Frédéric. "Etude en soufflerie et in situ du champ de pression induit par le vent derrière les bardages et autour de structures de section circulaire." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37604049p.
Full textMarinho, Louise. "Une étude des vents des étoiles froides évoluées : comprendre les propriétés et la chimie de la région de formation du vent et de la CSE plus étendue grâce à des observations et à une modélisation à haute résolution angulaire." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0180.
Full textIntermediate-mass stars, like the Sun, will evolve into AGB (Asymptotic Giant Branch) stars, which have a much larger radius than the Sun and are a thousand times brighter than it. These evolved stars play a major role in stellar evolution. Evolved cool stars have a high mass loss rate, which contributes to the enrichment of the interstellar medium and so, to the recycling of matter in the Universe, through strong winds propagating in the star’s circumstellar envelope (CSE). The physics of these winds and the origin of these mass-loss phenomena are still poorly understood, but can be constrained by observations of various molecular transitions in the CSE.Using ALMA observations from the large program ATOMIUM, we will attempt to describe and understand the dynamics of the winds through the envelope. It has recently been observed that most evolved stars have a close companion that impacts on the gas dynamics around the star and on the winds dynamics. Using a radiative transfer code (MCFOST), we aim to reproduce ALMA observations, adding a binary to the model. We will try to explain the observed spiral shapes and constrain stellar parameters (such as the distance and the radius), dust components and molecular abundances.This thesis will also focus on the emission of the SiO maser line from a sample of recently observed evolved stars, in order to probe the presence of a magnetic field in the inner gas region of the envelope, up to 2-4 stellar radii from the photosphere. It is emitted by gas cells in the CSE and is strongly polarized. From mm-wave radio observations, we can derive the Stokes parameters and after careful calibration, determine the circular polarizations, which, according to theoretical predictions, can lead to a characterization of the environment of the emitting cells, like an estimate of the sightline-projected magnetic field strength. If there is a magnetic field and if the maser line is saturated, we should observe an « S » shape Zeeman signature in Stokes V. Using the rvm code, we search for this specific pattern in our data. We work with two theories, one for the saturated and one for the strongly saturated maser. In both cases, we can relate the observed Stokes V line profiles to the magnetic field strength. There are still open questions about the origin of the magnetic field (e.g. a solar-type dynamo, a turbulent dynamo, etc.) and its evolution. We can try to answer these with future observational projects that will be described in the thesis
Wang, Zhiqiang. "Accélération Non Adiabatique des Ions causée par des Ondes électromagnétiques (Observations de Cluster et Double Star) et réponse du champ géomagnétique aux variations de la pression dynamique du vent solaire." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00843936.
Full textRAOUFFI, NOUR-EDDINE. "Mesure et interpretation de la polarisation lineaire de la raie coronale o vi 1031. 92 a mesure du champ magnetique et de la vitesse du vent solaire dans la basse couronne." Paris 11, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA112348.
Full textBaraka, Suleiman. "Etude de l'interaction entre le vent solaire et la magnétosphère de la terre : modèle théorique et application sur l'analyse de données de l'événement du Halloween d'octobre 2003." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066008.
Full textWald, Lucien. "Apport de la télédétection spatiale en infrarouge proche et moyen à la connaissance du milieu marin : relations entre le champ de température et le champ de courant, observations de l'état de surface et mesures de la vitesse du vent, la dynamique de la couche superficielle en mer Ligure." Phd thesis, Université du Sud Toulon Var, 1985. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00955230.
Full textHusson, Bérengère. "Fonctionnement et dynamique des écosystèmes hydrothermaux : vers un premier modèle." Thesis, Brest, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BRES0008/document.
Full textIn nearly forty years of research, significant insights have been gained on vent field geology, on the chemistry of emitted fluid and on the ecology of the communities inhabiting hydrothermal ecosystems. The fauna forms dense assemblages, distributed along the hydrothermal fluid/sea water mixing gradient, and visually dominated only by a few species. The high spatio-temporal variability of the hydrothermal fluid has a strong influence on species distribution. However, the mechanisms determining the species response to this variability is still poorly understood. In order to investigate this issue, a modelling approach is presented. Data collected for more than 20 years on the Eiffel Tower edifice, on the Lucky Strike vent filed (Mid-Atlantic Ridge) were integrated in order to identify meaningful elements for our problem. An integrative study of the faunal biomasses on the edifice showed that these are dominated by the mussel Bathymodiolus azoricus. This bivalve is likely to have a significant influence on the ecosystem functioning and is thus the object of a first model. The search for data to constrain it led to the measurement of in situ metabolic rates. Once parametrized, the model provided quantitative estimates of unknown fluxes. The simulation of hydrothermal flow interruption provided some insights on the mussel biomass response to its environment variability
Kassir, Wafaa. "Approche probabiliste non gaussienne des charges statiques équivalentes des effets du vent en dynamique des structures à partir de mesures en soufflerie." Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1116/document.
Full textIn order to estimate the equivalent static wind loads, which produce the extreme quasi-static and dynamical responses of structures submitted to random unsteady pressure field induced by the wind effects, a new probabilistic method is proposed. This method allows for computing the equivalent static wind loads for structures with complex aerodynamic flows such as stadium roofs, for which the pressure field is non-Gaussian, and for which the dynamical response of the structure cannot simply be described by using only the first elastic modes (but require a good representation of the quasi-static responses). Usually, the wind tunnel measurements of the unsteady pressure field applied to a structure with complex geometry are not sufficient for constructing a statistically converged estimation of the extreme values of the dynamical responses. Such a convergence is necessary for the estimation of the equivalent static loads in order to reproduce the extreme dynamical responses induced by the wind effects taking into account the non-Gaussianity of the random unsteady pressure field. In this work, (1) a generator of realizations of the non-Gaussian unsteady pressure field is constructed by using the realizations that are measured in the boundary layer wind tunnel; this generator based on a polynomial chaos representation allows for generating a large number of independent realizations in order to obtain the convergence of the extreme value statistics of the dynamical responses, (2) a reduced-order model with quasi-static acceleration terms is constructed, which allows for accelerating the convergence of the structural dynamical responses by using only a small number of elastic modes of the structure, (3) a novel probabilistic method is proposed for estimating the equivalent static wind loads induced by the wind effects on complex structures that are described by finite element models, preserving the non-Gaussian property and without introducing the concept of responses envelopes. The proposed approach is experimentally validated with a relatively simple application and is then applied to a stadium roof structure for which experimental measurements of unsteady pressures have been performed in boundary layer wind tunnel
GUESSOUS, MOHAMED-SAAD. "Etude de la representativite des champs de vent deduits de l'imagerie des satellites geostationnaires : attribution d'une altitude aux vecteurs vents et champs moyens grande echelle deduits de l'imagerie vapeur d'eau." Paris 7, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA077220.
Full textCollard, Fabrice. "Etude expérimentale de la structure tridimensionnelle des champs de vagues de vent." Paris 6, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA066115.
Full textSchnitzler, Bastien. "Optimisation de trajectoire pour véhicules légers longue endurance dans des écoulements instationnaires en présence d'obstacles, de danger diffus et d'incertitude." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse, ISAE, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ESAE0070.
Full textContinuous progress on developing ever better, safer and more autonomous cyber-physical systems has brought the need for efficient and optimal automatic decision making. Long-range mission drones especially, whether flying in atmospheric wind fields or diving in oceanic currents, are faced with the challenge to optimally plan the route they follow to fulfill their mission in a highly dynamic, unfavorable and uncertain environment, on space scales of hundreds or thousands of kilometers and on time windows spanning tenths of hours or several days.In this thesis, solving such routing problems for long-range airborne or underwater vehicles is the main focus. The routing problems tackled consist in traveling optimally from a given point to a destination in a strong, unsteady and uncertain flow field, in the presence of diffuse hazard and strictly forbidden zones, with key metrics being travel time, spent energy or exposure to hazard. The considered environment geometries are either the planar 2D space or the Earth's 2D spherical space. The methods at stake are indirect methods, whether using extremals from Pontryagin's Maximum Principle or solving numerically a relevant Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation.First, the properties of an extremal-based algorithm to compute time-optimal trajectories in an unsteady and possibly strong flow field are studied. In given applications cases, similar existing algorithms from the literature are shown to reach their limit. Improvements are proposed for the latter and demonstrated to leverage the encountered caveats.An extension of extremal-based algorithm is then proposed to handle hard obstacles, whether still or moving. The modified algorithm proves capable to compute time-optimal trajectories with obstacles but loses the ability to compute the optimal cost of the problem everywhere in space.The navigation problem is then extended by adding the speed of the vehicle as a time variable and the total energy expense as an optimization metric. In this framework, the difference between energy-time-optimal trajectories and time-optimal trajectories is studied. On realistic examples, it is shown that an order of magnitude of 10 reduction in energy expense is possible when allowing the vehicle speed to adjust dynamically during the travel.Hazard is added in the navigation problem as a dynamical and diffuse quantity. A Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman partial differential equation is solved to get reachability sets for the vehicle in a hazard-physical space, from which hazard-time-optimal trajectories are computed. On realistic settings, it is shown that hazard-time-optimal trajectories are able to avoid a significant amount of hazard in the environment while increasing moderately the total travel time, thus proving the relevance of hazard-time-optimal planning in operational contexts.Finally, uncertainty is tackled in the planning problem. A most important source of uncertainty comes from the flow field prediction. Weather ensemble predictions provide a collection of possible weather scenarios that help quantify uncertainty in the flow field data. On an airborne problem, the approach consisting in computing time-optimal trajectories in each scenario and simulating the variation in travel time incurred by following the trajectory in different scenarios is evaluated. The average travel time is overall constant over the possible paths, but there exist paths minimizing the dispersion in the travel duration.Next, a PMP formulation on ground paths rather than trajectories is proposed. It enables the writing of differential equations satisfied by extremals candidate to average travel time optimality. These average-time-optimal trajectories are shown to solve for the minimal average travel time in an example, however not with a significant reduction compared to classical time-optimal trajectories in the considered case
PERIN, JULIE. "Restitution de champs de vent a meso-echelle par lidar doppler aeroporte : simulation numerique." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997EPXX0034.
Full textLion, Sonny. "Analyse multi-satellite et multi-échelle de la turbulence dans le vent solaire." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066353/document.
Full textTurbulence in the solar wind has been attracting attention since first in-situ measurements in the Heliosphere. Still a lot of open questions remain. In particular, the role of turbulence in the solar wind heating as well as its nature around plasma kinetic scales, where turbulent fluctuations are supposed to be dissipated. Through a multi-satellite analysis including Helios 2, Stereo and Ulysses probes, we were able to show that at large-scale, in the inertial range, there exist a strong correlation between the ion thermal pressure and the amplitude of magnetic fluctuations, which maintains between 0.3 and 5.4 astronomical units. The origine of this correlation can be (i) a fossil correlation present already in the photosphere or in the solar corona; or (ii) the solar wind heating by the turbulence. This heating is expected to take place at plasma kinetic scales.Subsequently we focused on ionic scales, where the turbulent spectrum has a break. Thanks to wavelet transform and phase coherence analysis we shed light on the nature of turbulence around the spectral break: we show the presence of small amplitude Alfvén waves as well as strong amplitude current sheets and Alfvén vortices. We proposed as well new statistical description of magnetic fluctuations in the solar wind by using a four-parameter function, valid from MHD to electron scales. Using two different approaches, detail analysis of fluctuations and statistical analysis, we established the connection between intermittency and the evolution of the turbulent spectrum at ion scales
Autret, Joël. "Ce que soigner veut dire, le soin en tant qu'illusio dans le champ hospitalier." Brest, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BRES1003.
Full textAlmeida, Lélia. "A sombra e a chama : as mulheres d'"O Tempo e o Vento /." Santa Cruz do Sul : Ed. da UNISC, 1996. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40178106c.
Full textPoirier, Christelle. "Analyse spatio-temporelle des champs de vents et de precipitations en milieu urbain. Application a l'agglomeration nanceienne." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000STR1GE06.
Full textMoubachir, Marwan. "Contrôle des phénomènes d'interaction fluide-structure, application à la stabilité aéroélastique." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00350505.
Full textGRIMA, NICOLAS. "Determination de champs de vent et de tension satellitaux impact a travers un modele de circulation oceanique dans les regions tropicales." Paris 7, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA077225.
Full textEscolano, Cyril. "Analyse spectroscopique détaillée d'atmosphères stellaires : structure des vents et composition chimique de surface des étoiles O." Aix-Marseille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX10150.
Full textMassive stars are the central engines of various astrophysical processes : they ionize the surrounding hydrogen, giving birth to HII regions and, through their stellar winds, they yield the processed material synthetized in their core and inject mechanical energy to the surrounding medium. In addition, they are suspected to be the progenitors of the most luminous and energetic events observed at the time, namely (core-collapse) supernovae and gamma ray bursts. Far from being the homogeneous outflows of material described initially by the radiatively driven winds theory, the massive stars’ atmospheres are highly structured (wind clumping) and exhibit an intense activity (X-rays emissivity and magnetic fields for instance). During my thesis, I was particularly interested in the properties of the massive, hot and luminous O type stars. I realized the detailed spectroscopic analysis of a sample of these objects (some of them hosting a magnetic field), with the state-of-art radiative transfer code CMFGEN. From this analysis, I determined their fundamental parameters (effective temperature, surface chemical abundances, mass loss rates,. . . ) and confronted them to the most recent theoretical models. My results confrm that strong contrasts exist between the observational parameters and those expected by both theoretical wind models and stellar evolution models
Vallat, Claire. "Etude du courant annulaire de la magnétosphère terrestre à l'aide des données obtenues à bord des quatre satellites du projet CLUSTER." Toulouse 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU30227.
Full textThe ring current in the Earth's magnetosphere is a toroidal-shaped current system flowing in the near-Earth region, and results from the drift of charged particles injected during magnetospheric storms. The 4 Cluster spacecraft allow: (i) the study of the ring current ions using the CIS experiment data (which reveal very narrow spectral structures); (ii) the calculation for the first time of the current density, using FGM experiment data (curlometer technique based on 4 simultaneous points of magnetic field measurements). An analysis of the current's latitudinal profile is performed and the existence of a substantial residual current during quiet times is revealed. Finally, a comparison between ion fluxes obtained in-situ by Cluster and fluxes deduced from the inversion of magnetospheric energetic neutral atom images allows, for the first time, to validate the inversion method and proves the complementarity of the two approaches, i. E. Local measurements and neutral atom global imaging
Autard, Laurent. "Etude de la liaison entre la tension du vent à la surface et les propriétés des champs de vagues de capillarité-gravité developpés." Aix-Marseille 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX22084.
Full textBen, Amor Anis [Verfasser], Flora [Akademischer Betreuer] Veit-Wild, and Susanne [Akademischer Betreuer] Gehrmann. "Champ de tension entre littérature africaine et surréalisme : D'Aimé Césaire à Dambudzo Marechera / Anis Ben Amor. Gutachter: Flora Veit-Wild ; Susanne Gehrmann." Berlin : Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Philosophische Fakultät III, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1015016553/34.
Full textMarchaudon, Aurélie. "Etude multi-instrumentale de la dynamique des structures aurorales côté jour et côté nuit : couplage avec la magnétosphère et le milieu interplanétaire." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003VERS0032.
Full textThe dynamics of the magnetosphere-ionosphere system is controlled by the solar wind through small scale processes affecting magnetospheric flux tubes. In a series of multi-instrument studies, we investigate the dynamics of these flux tubes simultaneously in the magnetosphere and in the ionosphere. In a first part, we give a general description of the magnetosphere-ionosphere system, and we analyse the recent work on meso-scale structures and available experimental measurements used for their description. In the second part, we study the dynamic responses of the dayside system due to variations of the interplanetary magnetic field or of the solar wind pressure. In the third part, we study the electrodynamics of meso-scale auroral structures in the dayside and in the nightside. This work illustrates the role of meso-scale processes in the global dynamics of the magnetosphere
Almeida, Lelia. "A sombra e a chama : (uma interpretação da personagem feminina n'O tempo e o vento de Érico Veríssimo." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/11320.
Full textThis work analyses the character Maria valéria in the novelO Tempo e o Vento from Érico Veríssimo as a personage that transgresses the laws of the territory proposed in the text. The action of Maria Valéria arises a questioning about the female identity, and the sOGial functions historically delegated to women.
Amodei, Luca. "Etude d'une classe de fonctions splines vectorielles en vue de l'approximation d'un champ de vitesse. Application à la météorologie." Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30196.
Full textQuost, Xavier. "Modélisation de l'effet du vent sur les trains à grande vitesse. : Une étude dynamique et stochastiqe appliquée au risque de renversement." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2005. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/xquost.pdf.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is the study of the rollover of the high-speed trains subjected to strong lateral winds. To simulate this phenomenon research was carried out following two axes. The first axis deals with wheel-rail contact mechanics, solids mechanic and suspension models featuring large displacements. The STRIPES wheel-rail contact model was incorporated into specailly developed software, which was assessed against existing classical railway multi-body software. As a conclusion of this mechanical study, the lift kinematics of a wheelset was computed and an innovating criteria for evaluating both unloading and wheel uplift is submitted. The second research axis deals with modeling of the turbulence as seen by a moving vehicle. From Von Karman turbulence modeling and thanks to Cooper works a formulation of turbulence as seen by the train was proposed. This formulation is suitable for the study of vehicle sensitivity to strong wind by Monte-Carlo simulations. With an appropriate method of wind field generation, vehicle safety curve is computed. Differences with standard mehods are analyzed and discussed
Martz, Christophe. "Spectrométrie ionique dans la magnétosphère et le vent solaire : simulation et précision des mesures coordonnées au moyen des 4 satellites de la mission Cluster." Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30140.
Full textGarcia, Amandine. "Observations et simulations expérimentales des champs de dunes terrestres et de Titan : lien avec le climat." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC222.
Full textDeserts show a rich variety of dune shapes depending on winds and sand availability. With the same wind regime, different morphologies and dynamics of dunes are observed in the field as a function of the incoming sand flux. Dunes are present on Earth but also on Titan, Saturn's moon. It raises many questions, especially about its surface winds and sedimentary environment needed for the genesis of its dune fields. In order to better understand the environment of a distant body as Titan, dunes are relevant objects for indirect studies of its geological and climatic history, with terrestrial analogues support. In this thesis, we are interested by the morphogenesis and morphodynamic of ten-estrial and Titan dune fields. This study consists on the characterization of Titan's dune fields with observations of RADAR and VIMS inboard Cassini, and the study of the formation and evolution of dune fields by laboratory experiments applied to Earth and Titan's dune fields. A new experimental set up allows to control precisely the incoming sand flux of dune fields and thus, to characterise the different modes of dune formations. For a unidirectional wind experiences, we show the formation of three morphological domains. Under multi-directional wind, we form linear dunes, which elongate in the direction of the resultant sand flux (finger dunes) and apply these results to dune fields on Titan, interpreting most likely wind conditions to the origin of Titan's dunes
Ayoub, Nadia. "Variabilite du niveau de la mer et de la circulation en mediterranee a partir de donnees altimetriques et de champs de vent : comparaison avec des simulations numeriques." Toulouse 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU30254.
Full textVignes, Didier. "Etude du champ magnétique et de l'environnement ionisé de la planète Mars à l'aide de la sonde Mars global surveyor." Toulouse 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOU30169.
Full textJacquey, Christian. "Etude macroscopique de l'instabilité associée aux sous-orages magnétosphériques." Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU30053.
Full textBussières, Daniel. "Influence de l'intégration de produits forestiers non ligneux sur l'abondance et la richesse des micromammifères dans les haies brise-vent et les bandes riveraines." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24910/24910.pdf.
Full textLegrand, Karim. "Correction and Optimization of 4D aircraft trajectories by sharing wind and temperature information." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ISAT0011/document.
Full textThis thesis is related to air traffic management systems current changes. On the ground and in flight, trajectory calculation methods and available data differ. Wind and temperature are two ubiquitous parameters that are subject to and cause prediction bias. We propose a concept to limit this bias. Our "Wind and Temperature Networking" concept improves trajectory prediction, using wind and temperature information from neighboring aircraft. We detail the effects of temperature on the aircraft performances, allowing for temperature to be taken into account. The concept evaluation is done on 8000 flights. We discuss the calculation of optimal trajectories in the presence of predicted winds, to replace the current North Atlantic Tracks, and to provide optimized and robust groups of trajectories. The conclusion of this thesis presents other fields of wind sharing applications, and addresses the need for new telecommunications infrastructures and protocols
Blancon, Justin. "Identification des déterminants génétiques de la tolérance à la sècheresse chez le maïs par l'étude de l'évolution de l'indice foliaire vert au cours du cycle de la plante et le développement d'une méthode de phénotypage innovant." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CLFAC026.
Full textBy the end of the century, climate forecasts predict a decrease in the quantity and regularity of rainfall with an increasing risk of drought in Europe and in many regions of the world. Breeding for more tolerant varieties will be an essential lever to face these future constraints. The main objective of this work is to characterize the genetic determinisms of drought tolerance in maize. To this aim, it is proposed to dissect this complex trait into underlying physiological traits whose genetic determinism is supposed to be simpler. Green Leaf Area Index (GLAI) dynamics throughout the plant cycle, through its major role in light interception, transpiration and CO2 exchange, is a promising secondary trait to identify and better understand the genetic basis of drought tolerance. During this thesis, we developed a high-throughput method for phenotyping maize GLAI dynamics in the field. This method combines UAV multispectral imagery and a simple GLAI model. It makes possible the estimation of the dynamics of GLAI continuously throughout the whole plant cycle with good accuracy, while reducing the phenotyping time twentyfold. This method was used in two well-watered and two water-deficient trials to characterize the GLAI dynamics of 324 lines from a MAGIC population (Multi-parent Advanced Generation Inter-Cross). The estimated dynamics have a high heritability and explain a significant part of grain yield under well-watered and water-stressed conditions. To characterize the genetic basis of GLAI dynamics, three longitudinal GWAS (Genome Wide Association Study) approaches were compared: a univariate two-step approach, a multivariate two-step approach and a random regression one-step approach. These three approaches, combined with the high density of available genotyping data (nearly 8 million markers), have revealed many QTL (Quantitative Trait Loci), some of which were co-localized with yield QTL. Finally, we demonstrated that the GLAI QTL identified in this study could explain nearly 20 % of the grain yield variability observed in a large network of water-stressed experiments. This work provides methods that will enable a better characterization and understanding of the genetic determinisms of GLAI dynamics, a trait that was out of reach in large populations until now. This trait presents all the characteristics required to improve the effectiveness of selection programs under water stress conditions
Petit, Véronique. "Étude spectropolarimétrique du magnétisme des étoiles massives." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/27893/27893.pdf.
Full textHamad, Hassan. "Détermination des coefficients d'ionisation de matériaux à grand gap par génération multi-photonique." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAL0017/document.
Full textIn the last few decades, the use of wide bandgap (WBG) semiconductors (silicon carbide SiC, gallium nitride GaN, diamond, etc…) has become popular in the domain of power electronics. Their electronic and mechanical characteristics made of the WBGs a good alternative to the traditional silicon. However, additional studies are mandatory to improve the breakdown voltage, static and dynamic losses, and the performance at high temperature of the WBG devices. In this context, two specific experimental benches OBIC (Optical Beam Induced Current) -under development- are set up during this thesis. OBIC method consists to generate free charge carriers in a reverse biased junction by illuminating the device with an appropriate wavelength. An OBIC signal is measured if the charge carriers are generated in the space charge region. After a first phase of preparation and adaptation of the experimental environment, OBIC measurements led to demonstrate the multi-photonic generation by illuminating a SiC junction with a green laser (532 nm). OBIC measurements allowed giving an image of the electric field at the surface of the diode: OBIC presents a non-destructive analysis to study the efficiency of the peripheral protection and to detect the defects in the semi-conductor. Minority carrier lifetime was also deduced by studying the OBIC decrease at the edge of the space charge region. Ionization rates were extracted using OBIC method; these coefficients are key parameters to predict the breakdown voltage of the devices. OBIC measurements were also realized on the GaN, and two-photon generation was highlighted by measuring an OBIC current in the diamond when illuminating it with a UV laser beam (349 nm)
Kabani, Dorra. "Champ d'application de la Convention des Nations Unies sur les contrats de vente internationale de marchandises." Thèse, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/4976.
Full textThe scope of application of the 1980 Vienna Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods is a very delicate issue. Indeed, its abstract and supplementary nature has given rise to markedly divergent judgements and rarely agreeing doctrine. The difficulties arising from the application of the CISG clearly exemplfy its limited ability to adap to novel international sale of goods contracts. Are these difficulties attributable to faulty interpretations of the provisions of the CISG? Would it be opportune to compensate for the CISG's shortcomings by resorting to other instruments, such as the UNIDROIT rules or the principles of European contract law? Is it necessary to look beyond the Vienna Convention? All these questions must be considered in order to properly analyse the scope of application of the CISG.
Bussières, Daniel. "Influence de l'intégration de produits forestiers non ligneux sur l'abondance et la richesse des micromammifères dans les haies brise-vent et les bandes riveraines /." 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24910/24910.pdf.
Full textAgra-Amboage, Vanessa. "Observations des régions internes des vents autour des étoiles jeunes de type T Tauri." Phd thesis, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00474379.
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