Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Champ cardiaque'
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Bajolle, Fanny. "Second champ cardiaque et morphogenèse de la voie efférente : de la souris à l'homme." Paris 5, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA05P634.
Full textKnowledge about the morphogenesis of the heart is crucial to understanding congenital heart disease. The discovery of the second heart field and its contribution to the outflow tract has changed our view of how the heart forms. The expression profiles of two transgenic mouse lines expressed in subdomains of the second heart field, together with lineage analysis of cardiomyocytes, suggest that the myocardium at the base of the great arteries is prefigured in subdomains of the second heart field. Outflow tract myocardium rotates prior to the positioning of the great arteries and this rotation is disturbed in mutants with outflow tract defects. In Fgf10 mutant embryos, the outflow tract is normal when FgfR2IIIb mutant embryos have malformations of the outflow tract. Analysis of Nkx2. 5 mutant embryos has shown that second heart field markers fail to be repressed in differentiated myocardial cells. In conclusion, data from animal models give new insights into congenital heart disease
Oumellal, Hammou. "Modelisation du champ electrique cardiaque : mise au point de la methodologie sur un modele a 2d." Caen, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988CAEN2015.
Full textOumellal, Hammou. "Modélisation du champ électrique cardiaque mise au point de la méthodologie sur un modèle à 2D /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37617238h.
Full textRoux, Marine. "Etude du rôle des gènes HOX dans le développement du cœur chez la souris." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM5086.
Full textHox genes are known to be involved in the establishment of cell position and identity along the anterior-posterior axis in embryos and could act as key downstream effectors of retinoic acid during heart development. In situ hybridization experiments show that Hoxb1, Hoxa1 and Hoxa3 define sub-domains within the second heart field (SHF). Our genetic lineage analysis reveals the contribution of Hoxb1+ cardiac progenitors to the atria and to the inferior wall of the outflow tract (OFT), which then gives rise to the myocardium at the base of the pulmonary trunk. Interestingly, Hoxa1+ progenitors contribute to the distal part of the OFT suggesting that these anterior Hox genes could play a role in its proximo-distal patterning. No cardiac anomalies had been reported so far in Hoxb1 mutant mice. However, our detailed study shows that mutant fetuses exhibit OFT misalignment and ventricular septal defects associated or not with ventricular wall and epicardium anomalies. Using a marker of the sub-pulmonary myocardium, we observe an abnormal contribution of SHF cells in Hoxb1-/- hearts. This defect is the consequence of the dysregulation of the signaling pathways controlling SHF regulation. Accordingly, those embryos exhibit a shorter OFT. The study of Hoxa1 mutant embryos reveals pharyngeal arch arteries patterning defects causing anomalies of the aortic arch and right subclavian artery at fetal stages. Using compound mutants, we show an increase in the penetrance and severity of these defects, suggesting a synergistic interaction between Hoxa1 and Hoxb1 during aortic arch patterning. Together, these data support a crucial role for anterior Hox genes in cardiac development
Phua, Chee Teck. "Développement d'une nouvelle méthode de mesure du rythme cardiaque et du débit sanguin fondée sur les perturbations localisées d'un champ magnétique." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00794495.
Full textPhua, Chee Teck. "Développement d’une nouvelle méthode de mesure du rythme cardiaque et du débit sanguin fondée sur les perturbations localisées d’un champ magnétique." Thesis, Paris Est, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PEST1099/document.
Full textContinuous pulse rate, blood pressure and blood flow monitoring are important for the assessment of physiological vital signs as these are able to provide continuous feedback on the health condition of an individual. Existing commercial, medical and research methods to continuously acquire such these physiological vital signs require good electrical or optical contact. During this research, a magnetic based sensing method, at room temperature, for blood pulse, flow and pressure is developed to achieve data acquisition through fabric, environmental contaminants and body-fluids. This method is named Modulated Magnetic Signature of Blood (MMSB) and physical measurements were conducted on multiple subjects, mathematically modelled and simulated in a multi-physics environment with verification through use of measurement data. Measurement results, using MMSB, for blood pressure and blood flow were compared, and found to be well correlated, with lifestyle device and medical research instruments respectively. In addition, two devices are developed, and are in the midst of commercialization, to support lifestyle applications
Mony, Marie-Cécile. "Étude des cartographies chimiques élémentaires et des concentrations relatives des cations du tissu cardiaque en microscopie ionique analytique : aspects physiologiques et pharmacologiques." Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112313.
Full textGercek, Cihan. "Immunité des implants cardiaques actifs aux champs électriques de 50/60 Hz." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0226/document.
Full textThe European Directive 2013/ 35 / EU specify minimum requirements for the protection of workers exposed to electromagnetic fields and define with implants as “workers at particular risk”. Regarding the implantable cardioverter defibrillator wearers (ICD) or pacemaker (PM), exposure to electric or magnetic field of extremely low frequency creates inductions inside the human body that generate interference voltage which may cause the dysfunction of the implant. This thesis investigates the electromagnetic compatibility of cardiac implants subjected to an electric field low frequency (50/60 Hz). Computational simulations are effectuated in order to design an experimental bench for the exposure of a phantom including pacemakers or implantable defibrillators. A provocative study is established to define the electric field thresholds for preventing any malfunction of the implant. In numerical simulations; a virtual human model (digital phantom containing a cardiac implant) was placed in an upright position in a vertical exposure to an electric field. The finite element method was used to define the inductions in the cardiac implant level with a resolution of 2 mm (CST® software). In the experimental part, a test bench designed to allow generating an electric field up to 100 kV / m at frequencies 50-60 Hz was constructed, optimized and employed to investigate the behavior of cardiac implants.Several configurations were studied. 54 active cardiac implants (43 pacemakers and 11 defibrillators) are submitted to very high electric field of 50-60 Hz (up to 100 kV / m) inside the experimental bench. No failure was observed for public exposure levels for most configurations (+ 99%) except for six pacemakers in the case of a configuration clinically almost inexistent: unipolar mode with maximum sensitivity and atrial sensing.The implants configured with a nominal sensitivity in bipolar mode are resistant to electric fields exceeding the low action levels (ALs), even for the most high ALs, as defined by 2013 / 35 / EU
Rammah, Mayyasa. "Characterization of cardiopharyngeal progenitor cells and transcriptional regionalisation in the cardiac outflow tract." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4061.
Full textThe vertebrate heart develops from the heart tube and the contribution of mesodermal progenitors termed second heart field (SHF). Perturbation in SHF addition leads to congenital heart defects (CHD). The outflow tract (OFT) myocardium is entirely derived from the SHF. Distinct regions of the embryonic OFT have been shown to give rise to subaortic and subpulmonary myocardium of the heart. The work described here focuses on SHF progenitor subpopulations in mouse giving rise to distinct OFT domains and characterizes the regional transcriptional identity and regulation of future subaortic and subpulmonary myocardium. We identified Notch-dependent subaortic myocardial SHF progenitors in anterior pharyngeal mesoderm. We demonstrated that Notch/Hes1 and Tbx1/Pparg cross regulatory cascades are important to establish functionally important OFT regional domains. Explant and embryo culture experiments revealed that Pparg is required for both the deployment of SHF cells and transcriptional regulation of the future subpulmonary myocardial domain. We also found that Dlk1, a negative regulator of Pparg, is expressed in the complementary subaortic domain upstream of Notch receptor activation and potentially participates in the establishment of OFT regional identity. We also report an overlapping transcriptional profile between future subaortic myocardium and subpopulation of epicardial cells at fetal stages. Finally, we provide evidence for the existence of conserved bipotential myogenic progenitors in cardiopharyngeal mesoderm coexpressing Nkx2-5 and Tbx1. Overall this work identifies novel pathways and genes in cardiopharyngeal mesoderm that may contribute to clinically relevant CHD
Chauvin, Michel. "Interactions entre champs electriques et magnetiques et stimulation cardiaque permanente. Risques induits par l'instrumentation biomedicale." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991STR13044.
Full textBønnelykke, Tobias Holm. "Identification and characterization of notch3 as a new asymmetric factor during heart looping." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2022SORUS556.pdf.
Full textLeft-right asymmetry of the heart is essential for establishing the double blood circulation : abnormal left-right patterning of the embryo leads to congenital heart defects in the heterotaxy syndrome. Whereas the heart initially forms as a straight tube, it acquires an asymmetric helical shape during the process of heart looping. This is a key step of heart morphogenesis, during which cardiac chambers are aligned, as a prerequisite for the correct plumbing of the blood circulation. Although the left determinant NODAL is an important regulator of heart looping, previous work in the lab has shown that it is not the only asymmetry factor, but that NODAL plays a key role in biasing and amplifing pre-existing asymmetries. Yet, asymmetries other than NODAL signaling have remained unclear. In order to investigate the left-right patterning of cardiac precursors, we designed a transcriptomic approach to screen for differential gene expression in the left and right heart fields of the mouse embryo. The transcriptional screen has been performed in individual embryos, at seven sequential stages of heart looping. From an initial pilot screen, we have identified Notch3 as a novel asymmetric gene. State-of-the-art 3D spatio-temporal quantitative mapping of Notch3 expression revealed that it was transiently expressed in the left lateral plate mesoderm, containing heart precursor cells, before heart looping. We found that Notch3 was co-expressed with Nodal within this population and that Notch3 asymmetry was amplified by NODAL signaling, providing the first molecular evidence that NODAL acts as an amplifier of asymmetry. Given that the mouse has four paralogue Notch receptors, we have investigated potential redundancy between them. From published single cell RNA sequencing and new quantitative mapping, we observed specific expression patterns : Notch4 expression was negligible, that of Notch1 was restricted to the endocardium and dorsal aortae, whereas Notch2 was expressed in heart progenitors and enriched in the juxta-cardiac field, where Notch3 is low. We have not detected any obvious asymmetry of other Notch. In Notch3 mutant heart fields, Notch1 and Notch2 were found upregulated, thus indicating potential compensation. To elucidate the contribution of Notch3 to heart looping, we have adopted three approaches. We have generated Notch3 mutants at E9.5 to quantify anomalies in heart looping. We have crossed Notch3 mutants with Nodal mutants, to assess interaction between these two asymmetric genes. Finally, to overcome compensation by other Notch paralogues, we will treat Notch3 mutants with a subphenotypic dose of gamma-secretase inhibitors and assess whether it worsens heart looping defects. These functional experiments are ongoing. During this project, we have developed novel tools to screen and quantify asymmetric gene expression in cardiac precursors. We will discuss the discovery of Notch3 in the context of left-right asymmetry and heart development. By analogy with the role of Notch3 in other tissues, we will discuss cellular mechanisms regulated by Notch3. Altogether, this work provides novel insight into the mechanisms of left-right asymmetric organogenesis
Bordachar, Pierre. "Resynchronisation biventriculaire : mécanismes d’action, optimisation de la réponse hémodynamique et clinique, nouveaux champs d’application." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR21795/document.
Full textCardiac resynchronization therapy is recommanded in patients with severe left ventricular (LV) dysfunction and wide QRS. Despite positive clinical results, a significant proportion of implanted patients do not demonstrate positive response to the therapy. Coupling experimental data and clinical studies, we have 1) investigated the impact of cardiac resynchronization in patients with repaired Tetralogy of Fallot 2) assessed the hemodynamic impact associated with multisite LV pacing and endocardial LV pacing 3) analyzed the impact of an exercise-optimization of the programmed parameters.We have demonstrated that 1) biventricular pacing is associated with a significant hemodynamic improvement in an animal model of right ventricular dysfunction and in patients with repaired Tetralogy of Fallot 2) multisite LV pacing and endocadial LV pacing are associated with significant hemodynamic improvement in animal models and in humans with severe heart failure 3) optimization during exercise of AV and VV delays induce acute hemodynamic improvement and could be automatically performed by an integrated hemodynimc sensor. Our data suggest a posible improvement in clinical response after cardiac resynchronization and a posible extension of the indications
Ryckebüsch, Lucile. "Etude du rôle de la signalisation rétinoïde lors de la cardiogenèse chez la souris." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX20675/document.
Full textRetinoic acid (RA), the active derivative of vitamin A (retinol), acts as a morphogen inseveral developmental processes. Previous studies in the chick embryo (Hochgreb et al.,2003) have indicated that RA signaling is required to antero-posterior patterning of the cardiac tube. The aim of my thesis was to define the role of RA signaling in heart development and in particular in the establishment of antero-posterior identity of the cardiac field. Thus, we used Raldh2 (Retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2) mutants that are deficient for RA synthesis. To understand the role of RA, we examined the contribution of the second heart field to pharyngeal mesoderm, atria and outflow tract in Raldh2-/- embryos. Our findingsshown that embryo lacking RA synthesis enzyme RALDH2 have expansion of the secondheart field (splanchnic mesoderm).To better understand the mechanism by which RA signaling regulates the cardiac progenitors,we have identified its targets in the splanchnic mesoderm. We have shown for the first timethat Hox genes contribute to cardiogenesis. Moreover, genetically labeled cells analysis reveals a common origin of the arterial and venous poles in the cardiac field.Then, we have analyzed the role of RA in aortic arch remodeling, in particular its influence onfourth aortic arch arteries. This work demonstrates a genetic interaction between Raldh2 and the T-box factor, Tbx1, during fourth aortic arch formation. Our results shows that decreasedon RA level accelerates recovery of fourth aortic arch artery defects seen in Tbx1-/-, which is amodel of DiGeorge syndrome. Moreover, this study suggests that RA is a modifier of 22q11microdeletion (DiGeorge syndrome) in patient.In a collaborative work, we have analyzed the role of RA in differentiation of ventricular myocardium progenitors. Our results showed that the differentiation of the myocardial progenitor cells required RA. The impact of these results is crucial and would lead to therapyand cardiac muscle repair.The last part of my thesis focuses on the role of RA on coronary vascular development. This morphogen seems to influence the position of coronary ostia to the aorta
Simon, Antoine. "Extraction et caractérisation du mouvement cardiaque en imagerie scanner multibarrette." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00284654.
Full textBun, Sok-Sithikun. "Quantification non invasive de la fibrose cardiaque diffuse par imagerie de résonance magnétique et par cartographie endocavitaire." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0235/document.
Full textFibrosis represents the main substrate for cardiac arrhythmias, either atrial or ventricular. MRI has become a critical tool to not only diagnose the presence of cardiac fibrosis, but also provides important informations on the prognosis and the follow-up of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), especially in its persistent type. The gold standard is the Late Gadolinium Enhancement, allowing to reveal localized regions of fibrosis. Our study reported a technique for non invasive quantification of interstitial diffuse ventricular fibrosis in diabetic mice (T2 measurement high field MRI at 11,75 T). This fibrosis was significantly correlated to the occurrence of ventricular arrhythmias in comparison with the control group. The next step was the transposition of this T2 measurement with MRI in the clinical setup of patients who undergo an AF ablation procedure. The second technique for atrial fibrosis assessment for patients suffering from AF is the invasive realization of left atrial voltage mapping. A new ultra-high definition system was used to quantify the fibrosis (dense scar) in regions with bipolar amplitude electrograms of less than 0,015 mV. This cutoff was far lower than the previously published definition of the dense scar in the literature (< 0,1 mV)
Andretzko, Jean-Paul Hedjiedj Fadil Guendouz Laouès. "Contribution à l'optimisation et à la modélisation d'un banc de mesure CEM Application à la caractérisation de l'immunité des stimulateurs cardiaques /." S. l. : S. n, 2007. http://www.scd.uhp-nancy.fr/docnum/SCD_T_2007_0054_ANDRETZKO.pdf.
Full textYang, Feng. "Interpolation des données en imagerie cardiaque par résonance magnétique du tenseur de diffusion." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00578777.
Full textAndretzko, Jean-Paul. "Contribution à l’optimisation et à la modélisation d’un banc de mesure CEM : application à la caractérisation de l’immunité des stimulateurs cardiaques." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NAN10054/document.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis relates to the optimization of a test bed which allows the in vitro characterization of cardiac pacemaker immunity to low frequency disturbances as well as the computational modeling. In a first part, after having presented the theoretical bases of the bioelectromagnetism, we present the electrical system of the heart, and a functional description of pacemakers. The optimization of the test bed relates to the source of magnetic field and tissue-equivalent phantom which permit the in vitro experiments. The source of magnetic field realized consists of four coils contained in a spherical envelope which makes it possible to produce a homogeneous magnetic field with order 4. The tissue-equivalent phantom is carried out on the basis of saline solution. In the fourth chapter, after a review of the various methods of numerical simulation used in electromagnetic dosimetry, we present an original numerical method based on the impedance method which makes it possible to determine the potentials induced in a medium subjected to a galvanic coupling. The final chapter is devoted to measurements and the simulation of induced tension, in vitro, to the terminals of the cardiac pacemaker subjected to conducted and radiated disturbances. The method suggested makes it possible to determine the level of immunity of pacemaker subjected to electromagnetic disturbances according to the geometrical configuration, electric characteristics of cardiac pacemakers as well as coupling medium
Andretzko, Jean-Paul. "Contribution à l'optimisation et à la modélisation d'un banc de mesure CEM - Application à la caractérisation de l'immunité des stimulateurs cardiaques." Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00405118.
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