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Academic literature on the topic 'Chalcogenide Glasses (ChGs)'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 6 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Chalcogenide Glasses (ChGs)"

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Pal, Shiv Kumar, N. Chandel, and N. Mehta. "Synthesis and thermal characterization of novel phase change materials (PCMs) of the Se–Te–Sn–Ge (STSG) multi-component system: calorimetric studies of the glass/crystal phase transition." Dalton Transactions 48, no. 14 (2019): 4719–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8dt03729a.

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According to recent literature, germanium-containing chalcogenide glasses (ChGs) show improvement in thermal stability and glass-forming ability because of the self-organization of the glass network towards a more rigid structure.
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Khan, Pritam, and K. V. Adarsh. "Light-Induced Effects in Amorphous Chalcogenide Glasses: Femtoseconds to Seconds." Physics 3, no. 2 (April 26, 2021): 255–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/physics3020019.

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Amorphous chalcogenide glasses are intrinsically metastable, highly photosensitive, and therefore exhibit numerous light-induced effects upon bandgap and sub-bandgap illumination. Depending on the pulse duration of the excitation laser, ChGs exhibit a series of light-induced effects spanning over femtosecond to seconds time domain. For continuous wave (CW) illumination, the effects are dominantly metastable in terms of photodarkening (PD) and photobleaching (PB) that take place via homopolar to heteropolar bond conversion. On the other hand, under nanosecond and ultrafast pulsed illumination, ChGs exhibit transient absorption (TA) that is instigated from the transient bonding rearrangements through self-trapped exciton recombination. In the first part of the review, we pay special attention to continuous wave light-induced PD and PB, while in the second part we will focus on the TA and controlling such effects via internal and external parameters, e.g., chemical composition, temperature, sample history, etc.
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Li, Jialin, Kelun Xia, Jierong Gu, Wenfeng Zheng, Jingwei Zhang, Yongxing Liu, Zhiyong Yang, Xiang Shen, and Zijun Liu. "Refractive index improvement of commercial chalcogenide glasses by external doping with Ag and Pb." Optical Materials Express 13, no. 6 (May 19, 2023): 1700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ome.489361.

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The refractive index of commercial chalcogenide glasses (ChGs) available in the market is generally 2.4 to 2.7, which is relatively low and has huge room for improvement. In this paper, different ratios of Ag/Pb were doped into commercial glasses by the melt-quenching method to substantially increase their refractive index. The refractive index of the commercial Ge28Sb12Se60 glass was increased from 2.6 to 3.05 by external doping with 20 atomic percentage (at%) of Ag. And the refractive index of commercially available Ge33As12Se55 glass was increased from 2.45 to 2.88 by external doping with 9 at% of Pb. These improvements effectively reduce the thickness of commercial lenses at the same radius of curvature and focal length. The physical and optical properties of commercial glasses doped with Ag/Pb in different proportions were systematically characterized.
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Yang, L., G. J. Zhou, and C. G. Lin. "Composition-dependent properties and network structure of Ge-Se-Te chalcogenide glasses." Chalcogenide Letters 20, no. 1 (January 2023): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.15251/cl.2023.201.1.

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Ge12.5Se87.5-xTex (0≤x≤45) glasses were selected for elucidating the composition-dependent properties and network structure of Te-containing glasses. With increasing Te content (x), Vickers hardness (Hv) and glass transition temperature (Tg) initially increased and then decreased, showing a compositional threshold at x=27.5. It is found that the compositional trend of Hv and Tg is in good accordance with the structural evolution studied by Raman spectra. The results suggest that the introduction of Te leads to the evolution of the network connectivity and average bond strength of Ge12.5Se87.5-xTex glass structure, which imposes an opposite impact on the structural properties (Hv and Tg). This work provides a new insight to the structure-property correlation of Ge-Se-Te, which would facilitate the understanding of the structural role of Te in ChGs.
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Dahshan, Alaa, Horesh Kumar, and Neeraj Mehta. "Role of some modifiers on the thermo-mechanical properties of Se90In10 chalcogenide glass (ChGs)." European Physical Journal Applied Physics 94, no. 3 (June 2021): 31101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjap/2021210044.

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The studies on the micro-hardness of ChGs provide useful information regarding their straightforward involvement in the fabrication of sensors, fibers, and other optical elements for direct use in infrared optics. This work deals with the mechanical response of the glassy Se90In10 alloy under the influence of additives (Sn, Ag, Sb, and Ge). For this, we have determined the micro-hardness of all glassy alloys. Using the values of Vickers hardness (Hv), glass transition temperature (Tg), and present glasses, we have calculated the other significant thermo-mechanical parameters. The effect of Sn, Ag, Sb, and Ge additives on the micro-hardness of glassy Se90In10 alloy is also discussed.
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Pal, Shiv Kumar, Neeraj Mehta, John C. MacDonald, and Dipti Sharma. "Composition dependence of thermo-dynamical and thermo-mechanical properties in SeTeSnGe chalcogenide glasses (ChGs)." European Physical Journal Applied Physics 90, no. 3 (June 2020): 31101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjap/2020200099.

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In this endeavor, we have synthesized novel quaternary glassy Se78-xTe20Sn2Gex (0 ≤ x ≤ 6) alloys by the well-known rapid cooling of melt under quenching technique, to study the effect of Germanium on thermodynamic and thermo-mechanical properties. In particular, we employed Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) technique for the investigation of thermodynamic parameters (e.g., specific heat Cp and enthalpy ΔH) in the glass-transition-region (GTR). Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) experiment was run under non-isothermal conditions. The thermo-mechanical parameters i.e., micro-hardness, micro-void volume, the energy of creation of micro-void, elasticity, density, compactness, and molar volume are also calculated. It was observed that there is a large increment in Cp values in the GTR. Further analysis shows that the Cp values above the GTR (i.e., Cp = Cpe equilibrium specific heat) and below the GTR (i.e., Cp = Cpg glass specific heat) are vastly composition dependent. The increment in specific heat value after Ge incorporation is explained in terms of molar volume.
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Pal, Shiv Kumar, Amit Kumar, and N. Mehta. "Signature of rigidity percolation effect in dielectric behavior of germanium containing multi-component chalcogenide glasses (ChGs)." Ceramics International 45, no. 13 (September 2019): 16279–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2019.05.153.

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Aoki, T., D. Saitou, K. Fujimoto, C. Fujihashi, K. Shimakawa, K. Koughia, and S. O. Kasap. "Quadrature frequency resolved spectroscopy (QFRS) of radiative transitions of Er3+and Nd3+ions in chalcogenide glasses (ChGs)." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 253 (November 1, 2010): 012010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/253/1/012010.

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Dabban, M. A., Esam M. G. Al-Badwi, and Sarah M. Al-Khadher. "THEORETICALLY PREDICTED DEVIATION IN PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF GE-BI-S CHALCOGENIDE ALLOYS WITH COMPOSITIONAL VARIATIONS." Electronic Journal of University of Aden for Basic and Applied Sciences 4, no. 1 (March 31, 2023): 66–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.47372/ejua-ba.2023.1.221.

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Chalcogenide glasses (ChGs) semiconductors have several useful properties, especially in their technical applications. The present work explains the compositional dependence of many physical properties of GexBi5S95-x (x = 0, 10, 20, 30, 35 and 45 at. %). Increasing Ge content reduces the fraction of floppy modes, the lone pair electrons, the stoichiometric deviation, and the heat of atomization, while the average coordination number 〈r〉, constraints, density, and molar volume increased, indicating the alloys have moved from floppy to rigid mode. The average overall bond energy, electronegativity difference, band gap energy, and glass transition temperature were estimated by analyzing the bond energies and its distribution based on the bond ordered network model (CONM). It has been found that all these parameters increase with Ge ≤ 30 at. % and decrease with the further increase of Ge content. This behavior can be explained in terms of the network chemical percolation threshold proposed by Tanaka. This threshold represents a topological phase transition from a two-dimensional structure at r˂2.67 to a three-dimensional structure at r≥2.67. The incorporation of Ge into the glassy Bi-S system yields interesting physical properties such as threshold and phase transition, confirming this composition's suitability for optical storage media.
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Zhang, Fan, Qing Yang, Hao Bian, Minjing Li, Xun Hou, and Feng Chen. "Fabrication of Chalcogenide Glass Based Hexagonal Gapless Microlens Arrays via Combining Femtosecond Laser Assist Chemical Etching and Precision Glass Molding Processes." Materials 13, no. 16 (August 7, 2020): 3490. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13163490.

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Chalcogenide glasses (ChGs) are emerging as critical infrared (IR)-enabled materials in advanced IR optical systems by the wealth of their transparency in the key wide infrared (IR) transmission window. However, fabrication of ChG-based integrated micro-optical components in an efficient and economical way remains a huge challenge. In this paper, a 3D close-packed hexagonal microlens array (MLA) possessing over 6000 convex hexagonal micro-lenslets with the size of tens of micrometers within a footprint of 10 mm × 10 mm on a Ge20Sb15Se65 ChG surface was successfully fabricated via a precise thermal-mechanical molding process. The master mold of ChG MLA was firstly fabricated by a femtosecond laser-assisted chemical etching process and then transferred on to the surface of the ChG via a precision thermo-mechanical molding process, which resulted in a convex MLA. The morphology, imaging and focusing performances of the as-prepared ChG MLA were investigated and demonstrated the advancement of the method. Meanwhile, the IR transmittance and x-ray diffraction image of the ChG MLAs were measured to verify the structural and compositional stability of the ChG under the given molding conditions. The combined results proved a new route to mass production of miniaturized gapless ChG MLAs for advanced infrared micro-optics.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Chalcogenide Glasses (ChGs)"

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Wang, Long. "Fiber Based Mode Locked Fiber Laser Using Kerr Effect." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1454081445.

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Arunbabu, A. V. "Optical, Structural and Mechanical Characterization of Ultrafast Laser Inscribed Chalcogenide Waveguides." Thesis, 2017. http://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/4220.

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In recent years, chalcogenide glasses have established their usefulness as attractive candidates for the fabrication of all-optical devices and mid infra-red lasers. These glasses possess low phonon energy and hence high luminescence quantum efficiency, which make them suitable for fabricating active photonic devices. Further, chalcogenide glasses exhibit a variety of photo-induced phenomena upon irradiation with energies above band gap under suitable conditions; the energy deposited at the focal point creates a localized refractive index change which can be used to fabricate a dielectric channel waveguide by translating the material through the laser focus. In this thesis work, different chalcogenide glasses have been prepared by melt quenching technique and their response to irradiation with ultrafast laser pulses has been studied. Photosensitivity studies undertaken have shown that the shape and magnitude of the index profile strongly vary with irradiation conditions. An optimal waveguide by ULI is the result of the successful interplay of a variety of inscription parameters that depend on the inscription laser, steering & focusing optics, translational stage parameters and the material under study. Thus, the waveguide properties can be tailored by optimizing these inscription parameters. The optical characterization of ultrafast laser inscribed, single-scan, as well as multi-scan waveguides, has been carried out at 1550 nm. The multi-scan technique reduces the number of scattering and absorbing defects induced in the modified material by the inscription process, hence reducing the optical losses. Mechanical and structural characterization has been carried out on ultrafast laser inscribed waveguides by nanoindentation and micro-Raman spectroscopy. Nanoindentation studies on single-scan waveguides show a position dependent mechanical behavior in the photo-modified region. At the laser focus, the photo-modified region exhibits same mechanical properties as those of bulk glass. This observation indicates that the material is getting quenched during re-solidification after waveguide inscription. At top of the waveguide, which is away from the focus, the elastic modulus and hardness are reported to be lower than bulk indicating the material is getting annealed at this region. This position dependent mechanical behaviour is correlated with the structural changes using micro-Raman studies. Nanoindentation studies undertaken on multi-scan waveguides reveal lower elastic modulus and hardness values compared to the bulk glass. The lower pulse energy and longer thermal accumulation during multiple passes cause annealing in the photo-modified region. Micro-Raman studies show a decrease in network connectivity in the photo-modified region resulting in lower mechanical properties. The change in mechanical properties in the photo-modified region is found to be greatly influenced by the net-fluence used for waveguide fabrication. The waveguides fabricated at different net-fluence show different local structures as a result of different rates of localized heating/cooling, which determine bond order and the local structure in a glassy network.
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Book chapters on the topic "Chalcogenide Glasses (ChGs)"

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Mehta, Neeraj. "Advances in Chalcogenide Glasses (ChGs): Past, Present, and Future Applications." In Advances in Glass Research, 153–68. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-20266-7_5.

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Kumar, Horesh, and Achchhe Lal Saroj. "Recent Advances in Chalcogenide Glasses and their Applications." In Materials Science: A Field of Diverse Industrial Applications, 26–45. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9789815051247123010004.

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During the last two decades, by using a combination of both chalcogens (sulfur (S), selenium (Se), tellurium (Te), and polonium (Po)) and other elements like silicon (Si) and germanium (Ge), a huge number of chalcogenide glasses (ChGs) were prepared and studied. Compared to oxide-based glassy materials, ChGs have unique properties and functionalities which make them suitable for photonic applications. These materials are transparent in nature from the visible to the near-infrared region and can be used for the preparation of optical and electronic devices like ChG fibers, optical switches, sensors, and phase change memorizers. This chapter deals with some basics of ChGs, preparation techniques and a review of the latest technological development. The structural properties, optical properties, thermal and electrical properties of ChGs have been discussed. The physical aging effect has been explored. In the second part of this chapter, the applications of ChGs especially in dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), semiconductors, electrical memories and phase change memories have been discussed.
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Mehta, Neeraj. "Recent applications of chalcogenide glasses (ChGs) based sensors." In Advances in Modern Sensors. IOP Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/978-0-7503-2707-7ch4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Chalcogenide Glasses (ChGs)"

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Saliminia, Ali, Alain Villeneuve, Tigran V. Galstyan, Sophie Larochelle, and Kathleen Richardson. "Efficient Bragg Gratings in Single Mode Planar Waveguide of Chalcogenide Glasses." In The European Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_europe.1998.cwf63.

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Chalcogenide glasses (ChG) have been shown to be very promising for application in integrated guided wave devices and infrared telecommunication systems. High optical transparency in the near and far infrared region as well as large optical nonlinearity are two important and attractive properties for using these materials in linear and nonlinear integrated optical elements. It has also been found that the chalcogenide glasses are photosensitive to near band gap illumination (Eg= 2.35 eV). Thin films of ChG exposed to near band gap light have exhibited photostructural changes both in the volume (photodarkening, refractive index changes), and in the surface (photoexpansion, densification). On the other hand, the photoexpansion induces a surface deformation which can also change the optical properties of the material. Both of these effects contribute to increasing the refractive index of ChG allowing us to pattern different photoinduced guided wave structures in ChG thin films. In particular, we present here for the first time to our knowledge, the fabrication of stable and efficient Bragg gratings in single mode As2S3 ChG planar waveguides with near band gap illumination. These gratings can be used to act as wavelength selective components in WDM optical circuits.
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Hu, Guiying, Zhixin Li, Shuixian Yang, Di Xia, Jiayue Wu, Jianteng Huang, Bin Zhang, Yi Xu, and Zhaohui Li. "Tunable bound states in the continuum with high Q factors." In CLEO: QELS_Fundamental Science. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_qels.2022.ff2c.6.

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We realized a chalcogenide glass (ChG) photonic crystal supporting bound states in the continuum (BIC) with a Q-factor of ca. 105. With large photosensitivity of ChG, a non-volatile and high precision resonant-wavelength tunability is demonstrated.
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Saliminia, A., T. V. Galstyan, A. Villeneuve, and Kathleen Richardson. "Z-Scan Study of Thin Chalcogenide As2S3 Glass Films and Holographic Fabrication of Microlens Networks." In Bragg Gratings, Photosensitivity, and Poling in Glass Fibers and Waveguides. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/bgppf.1997.bmg.4.

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Chalcogenide glasses (ChG) have been shown to be very promising candidates for optical information storage and infrared communication systems [1]. The high photosensitivity of these materials in the visible (near bandgap for ChG) spectral band allows the fabrication of various photoinduced structures for integrated optical circuits [2]. The characterization of the light-induced complex refractive index changes (Δn) in ChG and the realization of new applications represent the goal of the present work. Namely, we report, we believe for the first time, the dynamic separation of different photoexcitation modes in ChG, and the holographic fabrication of one (1D) and two (2D) dimensional microlens networks. We study the ChG film refractive index (n), absorption (α) and thickness (d) photomodulation processes, both in steady state and in transient excitation regimes. We use dynamic holography [3] and Z-scan techniques [4] for this study. These techniques provide important information concerning both the dynamical and the steady-state excitation behavior of our ChG films. Different physical and photochemical mechanisms are responsible for the complex behavior of ChG [3] and their understanding and control is an important challenge for the possible applications.
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Petit, Laeticia, Nathan Carlie, Bodgan Zdyrko, Igor Luzinov, Kathleen Richardson, Juejun Hu, Anu Agarwal, Lionel Kimerling, Troy Anderson, and Martin Richardson. "Progress on the Fabrication of On-Chip, Integrated Chalcogenide Glass (ChG)-based Sensors." In Advances in Optical Materials. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/aiom.2009.awb2.

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