Journal articles on the topic 'Chains of operation'
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Park, Yang Byung, and Sung Joon Yoon. "A Decision Support System for the Operation of Vending Machine Supply Chains with Product Substitution and Varying Vehicle Speed." Applied Mechanics and Materials 284-287 (January 2013): 3617–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.284-287.3617.
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This paper presents a decision support system for the operation of general and smart vending machine supply chains with product substitution and varying vehicle speeds. The system supports various functions such as the determination of operation parameters, supply chain performance evaluation, CO2 analysis of delivery vehicle emissions, and more. The potential benefits of the system include the provision of guidance, solutions, and simulation environments for companies in the extensive operations of vending machine supply chains.
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Oliveira de Sousa, Lucas, Marcelo Dias Paes Ferreira, Luisa Vogt, and Marcus Mergenthaler. "CONTRACTS, SOCIAL NETWORK AND KNOWLEDGE DIFFUSION IN BRAZILIAN SUNFLOWER AGRI-FOOD CHAINS FOR POTENTIAL SUPPLY OF INNOVATIVE FOOD PROTEINS." Revista de Economia e Agronegócio 16, no. 1 (May 7, 2018): 8–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.25070/rea.v16i1.545.
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The article analyzes the operation of sunflower agri-food chains in Brazil to understand possible ways to supply innovative sunflower food protein from Brazil. The findings from a multiple-case study approach show that the dynamic of operation of Brazilian sunflower agri-food chains are based on contracts, social network and knowledge diffusion. Although necessary, this governance arrangement has not been able to guarantee a sustainable long-term operation due to market, technological and supply chain management bottlenecks. Regional characteristics influence the level of transaction costs and the role of inputs suppliers in the chains’ operation. The introduction of high value-added food protein products could raise the comparative advantage of sunflower in relation to competing crops, benefiting the chain operation. This article contributes to the understanding of the operation of agri-food chains focused on new or non-established crops, besides reinforcing the complementarity of transaction costs economics and social networks in explaining the functioning of social-economic systems.
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Wang, Ying, and Jing You. "The Operation Mode of Agricultural Supply Chain Finance Using Blockchain." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2022 (September 22, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3338030.
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With the rapid development of agriculture, modern agriculture has achieved remarkable results. Agriculture is the foundation of China’s national economy, and the Party Central Committee has always insisted on solving the “three rural issues” as the top priority of the work of the whole party. However, China’s agricultural foundation is weak, and the problem of unbalanced supply and demand structure of agricultural products still exists in agricultural development. With the development of blockchain, the application basis in the agricultural value chain has been established. At present, the research on the application of agricultural value chain financing is still in progress, but it is still in the initial stage. The integration of agricultural finance blockchain is low, and there are a series of problems. Extending blockchain technology to the financial area of agricultural value chains can help overcome the information barriers to traditional agricultural value chain financing and improve access to information resources for traditional agricultural value chains. The high cost of these value chains and inadequate financial management mechanisms remove bottlenecks in financing agricultural development. In this paper, we study the operation model and revenue distribution model of agricultural value chains using blockchain, analyze examples, and finally identify the basic elements of agricultural value chain financing based on sectoral chain technology. It provides theoretical support for the financing decision and production decision of each member of the agricultural supply chain, and it is hoped that the content and conclusions of the study can provide methodological reference and theoretical guidance for agricultural supply chain enterprises.
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Treven, Sonja, Duško Uršič, and Walled Rashad. "How management tools holistically support enterprises’ operation in supply chains?" Management 24, no. 1 (June 29, 2019): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.30924/mjcmi.24.1.1.
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The paper examines how utilization of management tools supports enterprises’ operating in supply chains. The paper critically reviews the results of a previous, survey-based study, with a sample of 198 employees from Slovenian organizations, who assessed utilization of management tools in their organizations. With hierarchical regression analysis authors test the associations between management tools’ usage and enterprises operating in supply chain; the impact was controlled with the most significant personal and organizational drivers of management-tools usage. Results show that loyalty management, core competences, and scenario and contingency planning are most strongly associated with the supply chain management’s activities in organizations. The traditional supply chain management’ tools, like outsourcing, lean production and total quality management, are currently not considered to be important vehicles for supporting enterprises’ participation in supply chains. The results from this study suggest rethinking of the current focus of management tools utilization, when organizations try to improve their participation in supply chains. More management tools were measured than in earlier studies regarding management tools, supporting enterprises’ participation in supply chain; relations between management-tools utilization and enterprise participation in supply chain were empirically examined. In addition, the most commonly used management tools were considered simultaneously, which had not been done in prior studies.
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Roos, A., D. Mutta, M. Larwanou, C. Wekesa, and G. Kowero. "Operations and improvement needs in the informal charcoal sector: a participatory value stream analysis." International Forestry Review 23, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 351–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1505/146554821833992802.
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Developing profitable and sustainable charcoal supply chains in Sub-Saharan Africa requires good knowledge about their properties, input needs and impacts. Charcoal supply chains in Taita Taveta and Kwale counties, Kenya, were analysed to identify operational and sustainability improvement opportunities. Using operations man agement, lean engineering and participatory research, charcoal value streams' processes, resources, and outcomes were analysed. Charcoal production and trade have low entry barriers, slow-paced innovation, and thin profit margins for value chain actors. Production is labour intensive, and the actors need specific skills, knowhow, and resources for proper business performance. The value chain's profitability and sustainability can be improved by regenerating exploited quality tree species, improving operation efficiency and safety, promoting market development, and appropriate policies on charcoal production and trade. The study's findings can guide the development of enabling policies and regulatory frameworks for the charcoal industry and improve the actors' performance in the charcoal value chain.
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Shi, Xianchuan, Liang Gao, Lei Qian, Mingya Cheng, and Kyle Jiang. "A coiling robot for elevator compensation chain." Industrial Robot: An International Journal 43, no. 4 (June 20, 2016): 403–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ir-11-2015-0203.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop a coiling robot in the production of coated elevator compensation chains to replace the manual coiling operations and improve the quality of compensation chains. Design/methodology/approach This paper introduces both mechanical and servo control system designs of the coiling robot. The structure of two friction wheels stabilizes the conveying speed of compensation chain, so the chain speed matches with the car speed. A centering mechanism pushes the chain to its original position. Seven servo motors are integrated into the system, and they are controlled by a servo control system based on programmable logic controller, positioning controller, analog output block and touch screen. Findings The results of the project show that the coiling robot can both greatly reduce the number of workers and the intensity of the work and improve the quality of the chain. The chain lid by the robot is not only neat, but also uniform in its inner stress. Research limitations/implications When the output speed of the compensation chain from the rear friction wheel does not match the coiling speed, the coiling operation has to be halted. Then, the operator adjusts the chain speed and restarts the coiling operation. Practical implications The coiling robot is proven working. It has been adopted by a leading company manufacturing compensation chains. Originality/value This is the first coiling robot which is practically used in a production line of compensation chains. Its design, mechanism and control systems are of great reference values to people.
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Apriyani, Dwi, Rita Nurmalina, and Burhanuddin Burhanuddin. "EVALUASI KINERJA RANTAI PASOK SAYURAN ORGANIK DENGAN PENDEKATAN SUPPLY CHAIN OPERATION REFERENCE (SCOR)." MIX: JURNAL ILMIAH MANAJEMEN 8, no. 2 (July 12, 2018): 312. http://dx.doi.org/10.22441/mix.2018.v8i2.008.
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Abstract. The purpose of this study is to analyze the performance of organic vegetable supply chains in each member chain to determine the direction of improvement in the fulfillment of consumer needs optimally. The performance of supply chains at the farm level will be differentiated by individuals and commodities. The analytical method used is the Supply Chain Operational Reference (SCOR) model taking into account the internal and external attributes. The primary data used is taken through observation and interview process, meanwhile secondary data obtained from related institutions. The results of measuring the performance of organic vegetable supply chains at all levels of the responsiveness and flexibility attributes have achieved the superior performance position. Meanwhile, the value of organic vegetable supply chain performance on asset attributes at the farm level only reaches a good position. But at the corporate level has reached the best performance position (superior). In general, the performance of the organic vegetable supply chain on the cost attribute still has not achieved good performance. So there is the need for improvement efforts through minimization of cost in each supply chain activity to improve performance.
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Smělíková, E. "Analysis of manufacturing networks and supply chains from the operation strategy perspective ." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 52, No. 9 (February 17, 2012): 418–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5045-agricecon.
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The aim of this paper is to analyse manufacturing networks and supply chains from the operations strategy perspective. These two areas have traditionally been treated as separate research objectives, but under the conditions of the ongoing globalisation, there is a need to integrate these complementary disciplines to study the networks of facilities. In this paper, there is presented a typology for the analysis of the network system resulting in four basic network configurations. On the basis of this configuration, there is presented the coordination matrix, which distinguishes four types of the coordination activities.
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Chen, C., and J. K. Kim. "Optimization for Intelligent Operation of Supply Chains." Chemical Engineering Research and Design 85, no. 12 (January 2007): 1611–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0263-8762(07)73206-9.
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Chen, C., and J. K. Kim. "Optimization for Intelligent Operation of Supply Chains." Chemical Engineering Research and Design 85, A12 (December 2007): 1611–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1205/cherd07007.
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Ryczyński, Jacek, and Agnieszka A. Tubis. "Tactical Risk Assessment Method for Resilient Fuel Supply Chains for a Military Peacekeeping Operation." Energies 14, no. 15 (August 1, 2021): 4679. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14154679.
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The article focuses on research on the functioning of liquid fuel supply chains, supplying troops carrying out peacekeeping and stabilisation operations in a foreign territory. Timely and complete supplies of fuels in war conditions determine the achievement of the assumed goals of a military operation. They often determine the health and life of soldiers. For this reason, the role of building the resilience of supply chains to disruptions, the type and frequency of which is entirely different from the undesirable events occurring in civil goods flows, is increasing. Therefore, the critical concept supporting building the resilience of fuel supply chains is risk management in these chains. The authors have developed a risk analysis method that integrates the Kaplan and Garrick approach and the fuzzy theory. The analysis identifies the existing disturbances and assigns them to the individual phases of the supply process. To illustrate the applicability of the proposed method, the authors analyse nine scenarios for the three most important stages of the procurement process in terms of building the resilience of the entire chain: Planning, delivery and storage. The fuzzy theory estimates the risk level for the analysed scenarios of adverse events. The proposed method is universal. It can be implemented to analyse the resistance of supply chains of other materials. It can also support the decision-making process for those responsible for planning, organisation and proper functioning of supply systems in all high-risk conditions, not only in the zone of war and stabilisation operations.
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Zhu, Aijun, Zhi Li, Chuanpei Xu, and Wangchun Zhu. "A New Wrapper Scan Chain Balance Algorithm for Intellectual Property in SoC." Open Electrical & Electronic Engineering Journal 8, no. 1 (September 16, 2014): 42–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874129001408010042.
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Recent patents and progress on scan chain balance algorithms have been reviewed. With a significant increase of the SoC (System on Chip) integration and scale, the test time of SoC increase dramatically, and this makes the test cost of SoC grow rapidly. In order to reduce test cost and expense, the paper proposes an OBBO (Opposition-based learning and Biogeography Based Optimization) algorithm and designs wrapper scan chains for the IP(Intellectual Property) using OBBO algorithm, which can make wrapper scan chains equilibration so that we can make the test time of IP be minimum. The new method is a random optimization algorithm which combines BBO (Biogeography Based Optimization) algorithm with OBL (Opposition-based learning). By using migration operation, mutation operation and OBL operation, we achieve a balance between different wrapper chains so that we can shorten the wrapper scan chain which is longest. Experimental results show that OBBO can obtain shorter longest wrapper scan chain in most case and at the same time the convergence speed can be faster.
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Chinyuchin, Yu M., and A. S. Solov'ev. "Application of Markov processes for analysis and control of aircraft maintainability." Civil Aviation High Technologies 23, no. 1 (February 26, 2020): 71–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.26467/2079-0619-2020-23-1-71-83.
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The process of aircraft operation involves constant effects of various factors on its components leading to accidental or systematic changes in their technical condition. Markov processes are a particular case of stochastic processes, which take place during aeronautical equipment operation. The relationship of the reliability characteristics with the cost recovery of the objects allows us to apply the analytic apparatus of Markov processes for the analysis and optimization of maintainability factors. The article describes two methods of the analysis and control of object maintainability based on stationary and non-stationary Markov chains. The model of a stationary Markov chain is used for the equipment with constant in time intensity of the events. For the objects with time-varying events intensity, a non-stationary Markov chain is used. In order to reduce the number of the mathematical operations for the analysis of aeronautical engineering maintainability by using non-stationary Markov processes an algorithm for their optimization is presented. The suggested methods of the analysis by means of Markov chains allow to execute comparative assessments of expected maintenance and repair costs for one or several one-type objects taking into account their original conditions and operation time. The process of maintainability control using Markov chains includes search of the optimal strategy of maintenance and repair considering each state of an object under which maintenance costs will be minimal. The given approbation of the analysis methods and maintainability control using Markov processes for an object under control allowed to build a predictive-controlled model in which the expected costs for its maintenance and repair are calculated as well as the required number of spare parts for each specified operating time interval. The possibility of using the mathematical apparatus of Markov processes for a large number of objects with different reliability factors distribution is shown. The software implementation of the described methods as well as the usage of tabular adapted software will contribute to reducing the complexity of the calculations and improving data visualization.
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Kontopanou, M., G. T. Tsoulfas, and N. P. Rachaniotis. "The compatibility of the triple-a agri-food supply chain with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 899, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/899/1/012002.
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Abstract The triple-a supply chain model focuses on ensuring the agility, adaptability, and alignment of the supply chains in order to develop a sustainable competitive advantage. These characteristics have extended the supply chain desired traits from just being cost-effective and responsive. The agri-food supply chains include a diverse range of products, which differentiate in various aspects such as processing, life-cycle, seasonality, vulnerability, etc. These characteristics lead to different supply chain typologies and various requirements for synergies among stakeholders in order to meet these objectives. The situation gets even more complicated when sustainability objectives enter into the supply chain design and operation process. The scope of this paper is to analyze and assess the compatibility of the triple-a agri-food supply chain with the UN sustainable development goals and outline the interventions that could facilitate decision-making concerning the design and operation of sustainable agri-food supply chains.
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Lopez-Campos, Monica, Salvatore Cannella, Pablo A. Miranda, and Raul Stegmaier. "Modeling the operation of synchronized supply chains under a collaborative structure." Academia Revista Latinoamericana de Administración 32, no. 2 (June 3, 2019): 203–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/arla-04-2017-0090.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to propose and model collaboration and information exchange enabler strategies, designed to accomplish significant improvements in supply chain (SC) performance. Some of these improvements to the SC include the reduction of the bullwhip effect and increased customer and SC partner benefits. The authors propose a fully collaborative replenishment model. The study details the information flow required to implement new SC collaboration strategies, clarifying a specific strategy for information sharing involving inventory levels (on hand, in process, etc.), orders and demand forecast. Design/methodology/approach The authors suggest the adoption of business process modelling (BPM) methodology, aimed at identifying which information should be shared by SC partners, in order to create fully collaborative strategies. Findings The features of BPM allow for the effortless integration of the modelled information collaboration strategies into a general network information system, creating a flexible structure that can be quickly and even automatically adapted to new conditions. Research limitations/implications In this paper, a serial SC has been analysed, but enterprises also commonly manage more complex kind of chains. Chains composed of more than one member in the same echelon, divergent chains, convergent chains, network chains are all different configurations that require their own algorithm. The authors use the order up to policy, but there are other policies that can be considered to extend the scope of the model. Practical implications BPM, specifically through Unified Modelling Language (UML) and Business Process Modelling Notation standards, represents a suitable technique to develop and implement new SC collaboration practices, serving as a communication link between managers and software developers. Social implications The expected results of this work imply the proposal of a reference model for collaborative supply chain (CSC) organisations, contributing to the enhancement of value creation for the whole CSC. Originality/value The aim of this paper is to clarify the information-sharing algorithm required to implement a collaborative structure for an SC. This algorithm is expressed using the BPM technique, specifically UML and Business Process Model and Notation standards.
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Izdebski, Mariusz, Ilona Jacyna-Gołda, Katarzyna Markowska, and Jakub Murawski. "Heuristic algorithms applied to the problems of servicing actors in supply chains." Archives of Transport 44, no. 4 (November 30, 2017): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.6159.
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The paper discusses main decision problems analysed in the subject matter of servicing actors operating in the supply chains, i.e. the vehicle routing problem, vehicles-to-task assignment problem and the problem of entities’ localization in the supply chain. The input data used to describe supply chains is given as well as the basic constraints and the criterion functions used in the development of mathematical models describing the supply chains. Servicing actors in supply chains is the complex decision making problem. Operators in the supply chains are constrained by: production capacity of the suppliers, the demand of the customers in particular working days, storage capacities of warehouses, handling capacities of warehouses, suppliers’ and warehouses’ time windows and other. The efficiency of supply chain is described by cost of transport between operators, costs of passing cargoes through warehouses and delivery time to the recipient. The heuristic algorithms, like genetic and ant algorithms are detailed and used to identify issues related to the operation of actors operating in the supply chains are described. These algorithms are used for solving localization problems in supply chains, vehicle routing problems, and assignment problems. The complexity of presented issues (TSP is known as NP-hard problem) limits the use of precise algorithms and implies the need to use heuristic algorithms. It should be noted that solutions generated by these algorithms for complex decision instances are sub-optimal solutions, but nonetheless it is accepted from the practical point of view.
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Perales, D. David Pérez, Francisco-Cruz Lario Esteban, Ma Mar Eva Alemany Díaz, and Jorge E. Hernández. "Framework for Modelling the Decision." International Journal of Decision Support System Technology 4, no. 2 (April 2012): 59–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jdsst.2012040104.
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In the supply chains operations planning context, and from a research viewpoint, it has been mainly assumed that different supply chain members make decisions in a centralised manner (one decision centre). However, reality shows that this is not the most usual situation, rather distributed supply chain decision making is. This paper proposes a framework to support modelling the decisional view of collaborative planning from a decision-making process perspective for both centralised and distributed situations. Along these lines, the framework assumes that the supply chain may be composed of one or several decision centres which aim to support every supply chain planning operation. Therefore, the main framework contributions are: consideration of decisions jointly with physical, organisation and information views; the spatial and temporal integration among the different supply chain decision centres; the definition of the macro level for “conceptually” modelling the collaborative planning process and the micro level for developing analytical models in all the decisional activities identified in the supply chains operations planning process. Finally, a brief overview of a real case application is also described.
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Tang, Yongsheng. "Risk Chain and Key Hazard Management for Urban Rail Transit System Operation Based on Big Data Mining." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2021 (December 6, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/3692151.
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With the promotion of the national transportation power strategy, super large operation networks have become an inevitable trend, and operational safety and risk management and control have become unavoidable problems. Existing safety management methods lack support from actual operational and production data, resulting in a lack of guidance of fault cause modes and risk chains. Large space is available to improve the breadth, depth, and accuracy of hazard source control. By mining multisource heterogeneous operation big data generated from subway operation, this study researches operation risk chain and refined management and control of key hidden dangers. First, it builds a data pool based on the operation status of several cities and then links them into a data lake to form an integrated data warehouse to find coupled and interactive rail transit operation risk chains. Second, it reveals and analyzes the risk correlation mechanisms behind the data and refines the key hazards in the risk chain. Finally, under the guidance of the risk chain, it deeply studies the technologies for refined control and governance of key hidden dangers. The results can truly transform rail transit operation safety from passive response to active defense, improving the special emergency rail transit operation plans, improving the current situation of low utilization of rail transit operation data, but high operation failure rate, and providing a basis for evidence-based formulation and revision of relevant industry standards and specifications.
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Wolfs, Diego A., Franco Takakura, Maysa Rezende, Mauro Vivaldini, and Pedro Domingos Antoniolli. "Risk Management in Supply Chain Management: Case Study of a Brazilian Automotive Distribution Process." Journal of Management Research 7, no. 5 (October 18, 2015): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jmr.v7i5.8354.
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<p>Globalisation requires from companies greater flexibility and adaptability of its internal processes, to allow them be aligned to market requirements. This flexibility results in new forms of relationships between partners, supply chains. For these chains differentiate themselves from their competitors, they should add value to products and services that they deliver to the end customer, while being profitable from the standpoint of its processes and operations. In this sense, would be needed effective supply chain management, which is constituted by collaboration and cooperation among partners, strategic and processes integration, to result in a profitable operation, and products and services with added value to the customer. Additionally, because logistics is a key element for the integration and collaboration among SC members, and due the fact that, depending of the scope of these chains, there are potentially more risks happening, which may have negative impacts on the customer service level, and consequently, loss of effectiveness of their logistics processes. This study aims to analyze the risks in a product distribution process in the Brazilian automotive sector, considering the operations performed by a logistics operator of this automaker.</p><strong>Keywords: </strong>Automotive Industry; Logistics Operator; Supply Chain; Supply Chain Management; Risks Management.
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Vo, Thanh Van, and Trung Quoc Pham. "AN OVERVIEW OF SUPPLY CHAIN EVALUATION SYSTEM." Science and Technology Development Journal 17, no. 3 (September 30, 2014): 88–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v17i3.1521.
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Design, analysis and evaluation of supply chain play an important role in the operation and establishment of of business competiveness. The design and analysis of supply chain generally solves issues concerning costs and customer services. Indicators of the two factors are often used in supply chain capacity evaluation models. In addition, there have been many supply chain evaluation models using indicators ranging from strategy to operation in the last decades. This study aims to summarize some supply chain capacity evaluation models and emphasize the importance of supply chain evaluation for the improvement of operation in the present competitive market, thereby creating a foundation for practical research on design, management, evaluation and operation of supply chains.
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Ju-Seong Han. "Modern Japan’s Food Chains: Geography and Overseas Operation." Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea 21, no. 3 (September 2018): 270–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.23841/egsk.2018.21.3.270.
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Stulens, Sofie, Kim De Boeck, and Nico Vandaele. "HIV supply chains in low- and middle-income countries: overview and research opportunities." Journal of Humanitarian Logistics and Supply Chain Management 11, no. 3 (March 4, 2021): 369–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhlscm-08-2020-0072.
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PurposeDespite HIV being reported as one of the major global health issues, availability and accessibility of HIV services and supplies remain limited, especially in low- and middle-income countries. The effective and efficient operation of HIV supply chains is critical to tackle this problem. The purpose of this paper is to give an introduction to HIV supply chains in low- and middle-income countries and identify research opportunities for the operations research/operations management (OR/OM) community.Design/methodology/approachFirst, the authors review a combination of the scientific and grey literature, including both qualitative and quantitative papers, to give an overview of HIV supply chain operations in low- and middle-income countries and the challenges that are faced by organizing such supply chains. The authors then classify and discuss the relevant OR/OM literature based on seven classification criteria: decision level, methodology, type of HIV service modeled, challenges, performance measures, real-life applicability and countries covered. Because research on HIV supply chains in low- and middle-income countries is limited in the OR/OM field, this part also includes papers focusing on HIV supply chain modeling in high-income countries.FindingsThe authors conclude this study by identifying several tendencies and gaps and by proposing future research directions for OR/OM research.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this paper is the first literature review addressing this specific topic from an OR/OM perspective.
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Khaskhelly, Farhan Zeb, Maryam Khokhar, Nida Zehra, Hemal Azhar, Muhammad Haris Mirza, and Ali Raza. "Closed Loop Supply Chain: Evaluating Ecological Footprint." Reviews of Management Sciences 4, no. 2 (December 21, 2022): 69–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.53909/rms.04.02.0195.
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Purpose: The purpose of this research is to evaluate the success of the closed-loop E-waste supply chain operations, primarily focused on achieving sustainability objectives related to the manufacturing, distribution, reusing, and discarding of electrical components. Methodology: The supply chain operations reference model offers suggestions and benchmarking tools to monitor the performance of supply chains and enhance the processes. This study illustrates a conceptual framework to show how these standards could be used in the E-waste supply chain to link business processes, metrics, industry standards, and technology to enhance the relationship and coordination between the supply chain members and to increase sustainability throughout the supply chain. Findings: According to an assessment of the literature, insufficient attention has been paid to the SCOR model's sustainability criteria. Consequently, in the wake of portraying the structure of the Supply Chain Operation Reference model, we make sense of which credits should be included in the Supply Chain Operation Reference to reflect manageability and which cycles and practices are related to every standard or should be remembered for Supply Chain Operation Reference to lay out the connection between execution, cycles, and practices. Conclusions: When a company's supply chain has achieved a desirable degree of eco-friendliness in all regards, its performance will be improved and satisfactory from a sustainability perspective
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Beškovnik, Bojan, and Elen Twrdy. "Agile Port and Intermodal Transport Operations Model to Secure Lean Supply Chains Concept." PROMET - Traffic&Transportation 23, no. 2 (January 26, 2012): 105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.7307/ptt.v23i2.137.
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This article presents a strategic view of industry’s expectations from the lean supply chains concept in relation to the container shipping industry. The global market is putting the shipping industry under strong pressure as new trends in logistics seek new opportunities to cut unnecessary costs and players in the supply chain management and in the intermodal transport. For this reason we performed a research on how the intermodal transport can secure efficient transport operations. The emphasis is mainly on setting up the agile port and intermodal transport model, in which all necessary subjects should be involved in a unique supply chain. Thus we analyzed port operators, shipping lines and inland transport operators and the way they eliminate waste processes in their everyday operation procedure. Considering all important dynamic facts in the container and shipping industry and our analyses of the intermodal service through the port of Koper we propose the agile port and inland operations model suitable to improve intermodal service and to secure lean supply chains for containerized cargo. Consequently, we came to the conclusion that some traditional subjects in the traditional supply chain are not needed; while others, like customs authorities and inspection companies should be involved adequately to secure efficient organization of agile services in the ports, on the borders between different countries and at final destinations. KEY WORDS: lean supply chains, agile intermodal operations, shipping lines, port operators, inland transport operators
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Li, Shu Jun, and Jian Sheng Dai. "A Matrix Representation and Motion Space Exchange Metamorphic Operation." Advanced Materials Research 308-310 (August 2011): 2058–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.308-310.2058.
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The paper presents a matrix representation of mechanical chains based on proposed joint-axis matrix, and a matrix operation of joints orientation change metamorphic processes. A four elements joint-axis matrix with joints types and orientations is developed first, and an augmented adjacency matrix of kinematic chains is formed by adding the elements of joint-axis matrix into the corresponding positions of general adjacency matrix of kinematic chains. Then the matrix operation of metamorphic process is performed through changing the orientation of metamorphic joint of augmented planar mechanism to transform the configuration of the mechanism from planar to spatial one.
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Mandal, Santanu. "Towards an Empirical-Relational Model of Supply Chain Flexibility." International Journal of Information Systems and Supply Chain Management 8, no. 3 (July 2015): 67–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijisscm.2015070104.
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Supply chains are prone to disruptions and associated risks. To develop capabilities for risk mitigation, supply chains need to be flexible. A flexible supply chain can respond better to environmental contingencies. Based on the theoretical tenets of resource-based view, relational view and dynamic capabilities theory, the current study develops a relational model of supply chain flexibility comprising trust, commitment, communication, co-operation, adaptation and interdependence. Subsequently the model is empirically validated based on a web based survey of 132 supply chain professionals in the Indian context.
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Chen, Da Gang, and Sheng Yin. "Research on the Data Integration Technology Based on RFID of Supply Chain." Advanced Materials Research 542-543 (June 2012): 444–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.542-543.444.
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Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) RFID technology can help enterprises of supply chain to get the operation information of other enterprises and each business chains timely, and this can greatly increases the benefits of the supply chain management. Aiming at the problems of the fracture of the supply chain and its low efficiency, the solution based on CEP-RFID data processing mode and XML information sharing model was put forward in this article, it can strengthen the ability of the supply chain operation and management.
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CZABARKA, ÉVA. "Intersecting Chains in Finite Vector Spaces." Combinatorics, Probability and Computing 8, no. 6 (November 1999): 509–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963548399004010.
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We prove an Erdős–Ko–Rado-type theorem for intersecting k-chains of subspaces of a finite vector space. This is the q-generalization of earlier results of Erdős, Seress and Székely for intersecting k-chains of subsets of an underlying set. The proof hinges on the author's proper generalization of the shift technique from extremal set theory to finite vector spaces, which uses a linear map to define the generalized shift operation. The theorem is the following.For c = 0, 1, consider k-chains of subspaces of an n-dimensional vector space over GF(q), such that the smallest subspace in any chain has dimension at least c, and the largest subspace in any chain has dimension at most n − c. The largest number of such k-chains under the condition that any two share at least one subspace as an element of the chain, is achieved by the following constructions:(1) fix a subspace of dimension c and take all k-chains containing it,(2) fix a subspace of dimension n − c and take all k-chains containing it.
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Xu, Jinchen, Xiaohong Li, Wanhua Sun, and Yizhi Wu. "Carrying Capacity Calculation Method Based on Operation Chain and its Application." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2219, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 012026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2219/1/012026.
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Abstract Railway border reloading station is an important node of the interconnectivity of international railway transport corridor, which overall carrying capacity is critical to keep the corridor unblocked. Compared with general technical stations, the organization of cargo reloading at the station definitely has an impact on transport efficiency and capacity in addition to arriving, departing and conventional technical operations. By analyzing the operation steps and characteristics of railway border reloading station, the concept of overall carrying capacity was defined and its composition was confirmed. Based on this, the operation chain analysis method of the overall carrying capacity of the border reloading station was developed. Then we conduct a case study of Erlian station. Five operation chains were built to calculate the overall carrying capacity and identify the bottleneck. The operation chain analysis method proposed in this paper overcomes the defect of not considering the impact of the reloading operation on station capacity in the existing general technical station transport capacity calculation method. It can comprehensively consider the facilities and equipment of the station and the current traffic flow, so as to accurately find the weak links among them and provide a basis for the improvement of the transportation organization. Therefore, the conclusion is more scientific and reasonable.
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Liu, Li, Helen Ross, and Anoma Ariyawardana. "Community Development through Supply Chain Responsibility: A Case Study of Rice Supply Chains and Connected Rural Communities in Central China." Sustainability 12, no. 3 (January 27, 2020): 927. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12030927.
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Supply chains depend on community resources such as entrepreneurs, natural resources, and facilities in value creation and successful operation, while communities need development opportunities from supply chains to build and maintain prosperity. The mutual influence between supply chains and communities offers opportunities to integrate sustainability initiatives into the chain. The concept of supply chain responsibility (SCR) represents a new philosophy that helps create value for communities, but so far does not link well with the idea of community and is viewed one chain at a time. A more integrated and holistic consideration of supply chain-community interactions incorporating multiple supply chains and communities adds to the perspective of community development through SCR. It not only leverages community development as a significant level of analysis in supply chains, but also considers all chains that interact with a community. We use a case study in China’s rice industry to examine the complex and multifaceted supply chain-community interactions in a network of three types of rice supply chain and two rural communities, to understand the theoretical and practical potential in an enriched conceptualization of SCR. The interactions among the supply chains and communities provide significant insights into how to create sustainability for both.
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Cooper, K. P., and D. Lindley. "Global Safety Culture, or Strategic Chains of Co-Operation?" Safety and Reliability 35, no. 1 (March 2015): 19–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09617353.2015.11691034.
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Makhlin, Yu, S. Backens, and A. Shnirman. "Disentangled Quantum Operation on Majorana Qubits in Qubit Chains." Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics 129, no. 4 (October 2019): 733–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1063776119100212.
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Tsoulfas, Giannis T., and Costas P. Pappis. "Environmental principles applicable to supply chains design and operation." Journal of Cleaner Production 14, no. 18 (January 2006): 1593–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2005.05.021.
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Barykin, Sergey Yevgenievich, Andrey Aleksandrovich Bochkarev, Olga Vladimirovna Kalinina, and Vladimir Konstantinovich Yadykin. "Concept for a Supply Chain Digital Twin." International Journal of Mathematical, Engineering and Management Sciences 5, no. 6 (December 1, 2020): 1498–515. http://dx.doi.org/10.33889/ijmems.2020.5.6.111.
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There is currently a discussion going on in the scientific community about using digital twins and modeling to manage risks in the supply chains. This need for constructing digital twins is caused by the low reliability and stability of supply chains due to the faults in their operation. These faults are a result of risks in the supply chains which can be consolidated into two types. The first type is operational risks. These are the current risks of the supply chain itself caused by an uncer-tainty of supply and demand as well as by an obstructed flow of information along the supply chain. The second type is critical risks caused by force majeure. These risks disrupt the normal operation of the supply chain and critically reduce the most important performance indicators of the company such as annual income and profits. Risks happen due to natural or man-made causes such as fires and floods in the distribution centers or at production facilities, legal disputes with sup-pliers, strikes, terrorist attacks on logistics facilities and others. Dynamic simulation and analytical optimization are two dominant technologies for managing risks of the supply chains, which helps to increase their reliability and stability if failures occur. Through optimizing and simulating of the supply chains, companies can generate new information about the impact of failure and influence the supply chain and its performance by looking at various scenarios that simulate the locations of failures, the duration and recovery policies. An analysis of the literary sources shows that there is no single approach to build the concept for a supply chain digital twin. This article gives an overview of the literature according to this problem and offers the author's point of view on the concept for a supply chain digital twin.
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Kojder, Monika, and Bogdan Klepacki. "Funkcjonowanie zimnych łańcuchów dostaw oraz zagro-żenia w nich występujące." Ekonomika i Organizacja Logistyki 6, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/eiol.2021.6.1.5.
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The processes taking place in the cold supply chain, as well as the basic definitions, links and possible types of chains are presented. The cold chain was presented - the purpose of its existence, products that can be used by enterprises, segments of the cold chain, potential cooling solutions and threats in operation.
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Sutter, David, Omar Fawzi, and Renato Renner. "Universal recovery map for approximate Markov chains." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 472, no. 2186 (February 2016): 20150623. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2015.0623.
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A central question in quantum information theory is to determine how well lost information can be reconstructed. Crucially, the corresponding recovery operation should perform well without knowing the information to be reconstructed. In this work, we show that the quantum conditional mutual information measures the performance of such recovery operations. More precisely, we prove that the conditional mutual information I ( A : C | B ) of a tripartite quantum state ρ ABC can be bounded from below by its distance to the closest recovered state R B → B C ( ρ A B ) , where the C -part is reconstructed from the B -part only and the recovery map R B → B C merely depends on ρ BC . One particular application of this result implies the equivalence between two different approaches to define topological order in quantum systems.
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Bottani, Eleonora, Giorgia Casella, Majcol Nobili, and Letizia Tebaldi. "An Analytic Model for Estimating the Economic and Environmental Impact of Food Cold Supply Chain." Sustainability 14, no. 8 (April 15, 2022): 4771. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14084771.
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Cold chain management has gained increasing interest among practitioners, researchers and academics; similarly, sustainability is also proving to be an increasingly critical topic in all supply chains and in cold chains in particular. In line with this, this study proposes a model to estimate the economic and environmental impacts in a food cold supply chain (FCSC). The model intended to estimate the total cost and CO2 emissions of a company operating in the cold supply chain, was carried out in Microsoft Excel™. Specifically, the model reproduces the main FCSC processes, i.e., Product collection, Backroom storage, Product delivery and Reverse logistics. For each process, we have exposed the implemented equations. Results show that the product delivery process is the most critical in both economic and environmental terms. Conversely, product collection and reverse logistics process contribute to the total cost and emission to a limited extent. The results obtained provide useful guidelines for supply chain managers to undertake operation decisions aimed at decreasing the economic and/or environmental impact of a FCSC.
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Sobb, Theresa, Benjamin Turnbull, and Nour Moustafa. "Supply Chain 4.0: A Survey of Cyber Security Challenges, Solutions and Future Directions." Electronics 9, no. 11 (November 6, 2020): 1864. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9111864.
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Supply chain 4.0 denotes the fourth revolution of supply chain management systems, integrating manufacturing operations with telecommunication and Information Technology processes. Although the overarching aim of supply chain 4.0 is the enhancement of production systems within supply chains, making use of global reach, increasing agility and emerging technology, with the ultimate goal of increasing efficiency, timeliness and profitability, Supply chain 4.0 suffers from unique and emerging operational and cyber risks. Supply chain 4.0 has a lack of semantic standards, poor interoperability, and a dearth of security in the operation of its manufacturing and Information Technology processes. The technologies that underpin supply chain 4.0 include blockchain, smart contracts, applications of Artificial Intelligence, cyber-physical systems, Internet of Things and Industrial Internet of Things. Each of these technologies, individually and combined, create cyber security issues that should be addressed. This paper explains the nature of the military supply chains 4.0 and how it uniquely differs from the commercial supply chain, revealing their strengths, weaknesses, dependencies and the fundamental technologies upon which they are built. This encompasses an assessment of the cyber risks and opportunities for research in the field, including consideration of connectivity, sensing and convergence of systems. Current and emerging semantic models related to the standardization, development and safety assurance considerations for implementing new technologies into military supply chains 4.0 are also discussed. This is examined from a holistic standpoint and through technology-specific lenses to determine current states and implications for future research directions.
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Geng, Xianya, Shuchao Li, and Wei Wei. "Extremal octagonal chains with respect to the spectral radius." Electronic Journal of Linear Algebra 34 (February 21, 2018): 356–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.13001/1081-3810.3542.
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Octagonal systems are tree-like graphs comprised of octagons that represent a class of polycyclic conjugated hydrocarbons. In this paper, a roll-attaching operation for the calculation of the characteristic polynomials of octagonal chain graphs is proposed. Based on these characteristic polynomials, the extremal octagonal chains with n octagons having the maximum and minimum spectral radii are identified.
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Izumikawa, Tomomi, Yuka Okuura, Toshiyasu Koike, Naoki Sakoda, and Hiroshi Kitagawa. "Chondroitin 4-O-sulfotransferase-1 regulates the chain length of chondroitin sulfate in co-operation with chondroitin N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase-2." Biochemical Journal 434, no. 2 (February 11, 2011): 321–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20101456.
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Previously, we demonstrated that sog9 cells, a murine L cell mutant, are deficient in the expression of C4ST (chondroitin 4-O-sulfotransferase)-1 and that they synthesize fewer and shorter CS (chondroitin sulfate) chains. These results suggested that C4ST-1 regulates not only 4-O-sulfation of CS, but also the length and amount of CS chains; however, the mechanism remains unclear. In the present study, we have demonstrated that C4ST-1 regulates the chain length and amount of CS in co-operation with ChGn-2 (chondroitin N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 2). Overexpression of ChGn-2 increased the length and amount of CS chains in L cells, but not in sog9 mutant cells. Knockdown of ChGn-2 resulted in a decrease in the amount of CS in L cells in a manner proportional to ChGn-2 expression levels, whereas the introduction of mutated C4ST-1 or ChGn-2 lacking enzyme activity failed to increase the amount of CS. Furthermore, the non-reducing terminal 4-O-sulfation of N-acetylgalactosamine residues facilitated the elongation of CS chains by chondroitin polymerase consisting of chondroitin synthase-1 and chondroitin-polymerizing factor. Overall, these results suggest that the chain length of CS is regulated by C4ST-1 and ChGn-2 and that the enzymatic activities of these proteins play a critical role in CS elongation.
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Giovannitti, Alexander, Dan-Tiberiu Sbircea, Sahika Inal, Christian B. Nielsen, Enrico Bandiello, David A. Hanifi, Michele Sessolo, George G. Malliaras, Iain McCulloch, and Jonathan Rivnay. "Controlling the mode of operation of organic transistors through side-chain engineering." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 43 (October 10, 2016): 12017–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1608780113.
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Electrolyte-gated organic transistors offer low bias operation facilitated by direct contact of the transistor channel with an electrolyte. Their operation mode is generally defined by the dimensionality of charge transport, where a field-effect transistor allows for electrostatic charge accumulation at the electrolyte/semiconductor interface, whereas an organic electrochemical transistor (OECT) facilitates penetration of ions into the bulk of the channel, considered a slow process, leading to volumetric doping and electronic transport. Conducting polymer OECTs allow for fast switching and high currents through incorporation of excess, hygroscopic ionic phases, but operate in depletion mode. Here, we show that the use of glycolated side chains on a thiophene backbone can result in accumulation mode OECTs with high currents, transconductance, and sharp subthreshold switching, while maintaining fast switching speeds. Compared with alkylated analogs of the same backbone, the triethylene glycol side chains shift the mode of operation of aqueous electrolyte-gated transistors from interfacial to bulk doping/transport and show complete and reversible electrochromism and high volumetric capacitance at low operating biases. We propose that the glycol side chains facilitate hydration and ion penetration, without compromising electronic mobility, and suggest that this synthetic approach can be used to guide the design of organic mixed conductors.
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Milik, Adam, and Edward Hrynkiewicz. "Synthesis and Implementation of Reconfigurable PLC on FPGA Platform." International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications 58, no. 1 (March 1, 2012): 85–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10177-012-0012-8.
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Synthesis and Implementation of Reconfigurable PLC on FPGA PlatformThe paper presents a set of algorithms dedicated for synthesis of reconfigurable logic controllers implemented on FPGA platform and programmed according to IEC1131 and EN61131. The program is compiled to hardware structure with a massive parallel processing. The developed method automatically allocates resources and operations. It controls resource usage and operation timing. Using mixed concept of operation allocation that considers operation timing and forms combinatorial chains of operations number of execution cycles can be reduced. An example of logic functions, PID controller and mixed arithmetic and logic programming examples are considered. Introducing the automatic implementation method allows flexible implementing the control algorithms. The maximal possible parallelism (limited only by the algorithm dependencies and available resources) is introduced.
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Sharma, Anshuman, Haidar Abbas, and Muhammad Qutubuddin Siddiqui. "Modelling the inhibitors of cold supply chain using fuzzy interpretive structural modeling and fuzzy MICMAC analysis." PLOS ONE 16, no. 4 (April 13, 2021): e0249046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0249046.
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The Cold Supply Chain (CSC) is an integral part of the supply chain of perishable products. The aim of this research is to examine the inhibitors that have a major impact on the performance of CSC operations in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). This study provides a synthesis and suggests a hierarchical model among CSC inhibitors and their respective relevance. The hierarchical synthesis of twelve (12) primary CSC inhibitors is achieved through a comprehensive literature review and consultation with academics and CSC professionals. This study used semi-structured interviews, a fuzzy interpretive structural modeling (FISM) and a Fuzzy-MICMAC (FMICMAC) analysis to explore and establish the relationship between and among identified inhibitors. FISM is used to examine the interaction between inhibitors, while FMICMAC analysis is used to examine the nature of inhibitors on the basis of their dependence and driving power. The results of the FISM and FMICMAC analysis show the inter-relationships and relative dominance of identified inhibitors. The results show that some inhibitors are of high strategic importance due to their high driving power and low dependence. These inhibitors seek more management attention in order to improve their effectiveness. The result of a hierarchical model helps to understand the influence of a particular inhibitor on others. ‘Higher capital and operating costs’ occupy the highest level in the FISM model. The ‘fragmented cold supply chains’, ‘lack of skilled labor’, ‘inadequate information system infrastructure’ and ‘lack of commitment by top level management’ had strong driving power but weak dependence, which characterizes them as independent inhibitors. Management should be extra careful when dealing with these inhibitors as they influence the effects of other variables at the top of the FISM hierarchy in the overall management of the cold supply chain. The study also suggests a number of recommendations for addressing these inhibitors in cold supply chains operating in the UAE. With due attention and care for these inhibitors, the operation of the cold supply chains is likely to be even more successful.
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Forssell, Börje. "Loran-C in a European Navigation Perspective." Journal of Navigation 51, no. 2 (May 1998): 243–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463398007796.
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After a brief overview of Loran-C system operation and performance, the present situation of the system in Europe is described. Loran-C is now in operation under the NELS agreement in north-western Europe in newly established chain configurations with old and new transmitter positions. Parallel to Loran-C the Russian equivalent, Chayka, is also operating, with three chains in Europe. There is an agreement between Norway and Russia concerning cooperation and possibly joint chain operations between the two system providers in the north; similar agreements in the Baltic and Mediterranean/Black Sea areas are being worked on. The situation around the Iberian peninsula has not yet been clarified. Being the only long/medium-range terrestrial system in Europe in the 2000+ time frame, Loran-C could be seen as a supplement to satellite systems. Due to the good penetration properties of its low-frequency signals, it can be used in many circumstances where satellite systems fail because of limited satellite visibility. Integration of Loran-C and (differential) satellite receivers, where Loran-C is calibrated by the satellite system as long as there are enough visible satellites, could in fact give the best of both worlds. For this reason, Loran-C is being considered in the perspective of a future international, civil satellite navigation system, initiated in Europe.
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Filippova, N. A., V. N. Bogumil, and V. M. Belyaev. "On Forecasting Navigation Seasons with Markov Chains." World of Transport and Transportation 17, no. 2 (September 13, 2019): 16–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.30932/1992-3252-2019-17-2-16-25.
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The transport network in the regions of the North of theRussian Federationbasically remains seasonal (waterways, winter roads). The duration of river shipping season, depending on the climatic conditions, is 110–160 days, and the time of operation of winter roads varies within 120–210 days. Under these conditions, the accuracy of predicting the beginning and end of shipping season for the northern rivers plays a very important role. The article proposes a method for forecasting the duration of ice phenomena in the areas of shipping routes based on the use of the mathematical apparatus of Markov chains. An estimate of probability of an accurate forecast is given, taking into account the conformity with Bayes theorem and related dependencies. Verification of the method on the basis of real data proved that the forecast accuracy and probability of its implementation were sufficient for timely and effective organisation of preparatory operations for next shipping season on northern navigable rivers.
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MAKHLIN, YU, S. BACKEN, and A. SHNIRMAN. "TWO-QUBIT OPERATION ON MAJORANA QUBITS IN ORDINARY-QUBIT CHAINS." ПИСЬМА В ЖУРНАЛ ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНОЙ И ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКОЙ ФИЗИКИ 108, no. 11-12 (2018): 779–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0370274x1823008x.
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Makhlin, Yu, S. Backens, and A. Shnirman. "Two-Qubit Operation on Majorana Qubits in Ordinary-Qubit Chains." JETP Letters 108, no. 11 (November 28, 2018): 763–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0021364018230029.
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Yang, Wensheng, Yinyuan Si, Jinxing Zhang, Sen Liu, and Andrea Appolloni. "Coordination Mechanism of Dual-Channel Supply Chains Considering Retailer Innovation Inputs." Sustainability 13, no. 2 (January 15, 2021): 813. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13020813.
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In response to the online channels established by manufacturers, physical retailers are starting to offer innovative services, which will intensify conflicts between manufacturers and retailers. Considering that the conflict will affect the operation efficiency and sustainable development of the supply chain, the coordination mechanism of a dual-channel supply chain has been established. In this study, we construct the Stackelberg game model based on consumer utility theory to analyze the complex mechanism of retailers’ innovation input level affecting supply chain operation and design the double coordination mechanism. The results show that: (1) an optimal combination of wholesale prices, retail prices and innovation input levels can optimize the operational efficiency of the supply chain, (2) Noncooperation among channel members affects the retailer’s product pricing, decreases the market share of the physical channel and increases the market demand of manufacturers, (3) The dual coordination mechanism can alleviate channel conflicts, which can improve the operational efficiency of the supply chain. This study provides several insights on the theory of organizational coordination and sustainable development in conflicts of dual-channel supply chains.
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Suo, Qi, Liyuan Wang, Tianzi Yao, and Zihao Wang. "Promoting Metro Operation Safety by Exploring Metro Operation Accident Network." Journal of Systems Science and Information 9, no. 4 (August 1, 2021): 455–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.21078/jssi-2021-455-14.
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Abstract Understanding the causation of accidents is essential to promote metro operation safety. In terms of 243 reported metro operation accident cases in China, a directed weighted network was constructed based on complex network theory, where nodes and directed edges denotes factors and event chains respectively. To reveal the key causal factors, the topological characteristics of metro operation accident network (MOAN) were analyzed from both global and local views. The results show that facility-type factors are more closely related to the occurrence of the accidents from the perspectives of average path length and cascading effects. Accident types like train delay and train suspension are the great risk recipients. Key causal factors with large out-degree, out-strength, betweenness centrality and cluster coefficient, such as communication and signal failure, vehicle failure and piling into the train should be noticed. The research framework proposed in the paper is not only applicable to China’s metro operation system, but also appropriate for other transportation system safety studies.
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Szczakowska, Dorota Anna. "EVALUATION OF TACTICAL PLANNING MATURITY IN SUPPLY CHAINS OF MANUFACTURING COMPANIES." Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Oeconomia 20, no. 2 (January 3, 2022): 79–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/aspe.2021.20.2.18.
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This paper aims to propose and test a model facilitating assessment of tactical planning maturity in supply chains of manufacturing companies. The author proposes a model called Tactical Planning Maturity Model (TPMM). The model is created based on literature research, participant observations and data gathering conducted in two companies. The proposed framework combines both knowledge from supply chain integration and steps necessary to reach proficiency in sales and operation planning. The second step consists of choosing a case study method to verify model adequacy in two companies operating in central Poland. The findings illustrate the TPMM as a ready-to-use tool where the line to supply chain maturity is clearly drafted and results could be compared between production companies. This paper strengthens the link between practitioner and academic literature by providing empirical evidence of the benefits of tactical planning maturity model usage as well as its impact on further development of supply chains. This paper studied merely two companies and is not intended to be representative of outcomes for all companies looking to understand the complexity and maturity of their supply chains. Furthermore, the analyzed companies only reached level four in the maturity model; levels five and six were not observed. Further quantitative studies are required for testing the accuracy of the proposed model and potentially, qualitative studies could be undertaken in order to understand factors enabling the increase in maturity of tactical planning in the supply chains of manufacturing companies.