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Academic literature on the topic 'Chaînes alimentaires – Somme, Baie de (France)'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Chaînes alimentaires – Somme, Baie de (France)"
Planque, Yann. "Écologie trophique de deux espèces sympatriques de phoques en périphérie de leur aire de répartition." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LAROS032.
Full textHarbour seal (Phoca vitulina) and grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) are two sympatric marine mammal species that are increasingly considered as potential competitors, especially at their European core distributions. The objective of this PhD was to study the foraging strategies and trophic ecology of these species at the limit of their range (Baie de Somme, Eastern English Channel, France), and to investigate the hypothesis of potential interspecific competition. Biotelemetry devices were fitted on 49 individuals to document their movements and dives at sea.The analysis of surface locations and diving behaviour, completed recently by the detection of Prey Capture Attempts (accelerometry), allowed for a better understanding of the two seal species’ foraging strategies and improved the detection of their foraging areas. Trophic niches of the two seal species were then characterised with the analysis of diet, stable isotopes (in the whiskers of the same captured individuals), and foraging areas. A high interspecific trophic overlap was identified between these niches, resulting from the consumption of benthic flatfish in coastal areas, and we suggest that it provides here the basis for potential competition between both species. This study also showed the key role of individual foraging strategies on the ecological conclusions at the scale of the species/sub-population, including that the potential competition may be due to some individual grey seal strategies. Continuing these studies is essential to detect any potential ecological changes that could be trophically-induced
Leguerrier, Delphine. "Construction et étude d'un modèle de réseau trophique de la vasière de Brouage (Bassin de Marennes-Oléron, France) : prise en compte de la saisonnalité et des échanges physiques pour la synthèse constructive des connaissances sur une zone intertidale d'une région tempérée." La Rochelle, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LAROS220.
Full textHaubois, Anne-Gaëlle. "Dynamique des transferts trophiques entre le microphytobenthos et le gastéropode déposivore Hydrobia ulvae (Pennant) sur une vasière intertidale de la Baie de Marennes-Oléron." La Rochelle, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LAROS108.
Full textThe goal of my Ph. D. Was to characterize the spatio-temporal variation of the trophic transfer between microphytobenthos and the gastropod Hydrobia ulvae. I therefore investigated structure and dynamics of the two compartments and quantified experimentally the effect of demographic and environmental variables on the individual ingestion rate of H. Ulvae. Microphytobenthic biomass varied between 40 and 150 mg Chl a. M-2 and the diatom assemblage was dominated by small-sized species. The study of H. Ulvae population dynamics showed that the population structure is strongly influenced by large-scale movements of individuals. Individual ingestion rate of H. Ulvae is mainly controlled by the chlorophyll a concentration in the sediment and individual size. The functional response of H. Ulvae, juveniles and adults over a wide range of Chl a concentration is characterized by an increase of the ingestion rate according to a power law. Finally, all results were used to estimate the trophic flux
Malet, Nathalie. "Écologie alimentaire de l'huître Crassostrea gigas : dynamique des compositions isotopiques naturelles." La Rochelle, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LAROS143.
Full textThis study investigated the characterization of the trophic transfer of the organic matter sources in an estuarine littoral ecosystem of the suspended-feeder oyster Crassostrea gigas: the Marennes-Oléron bay oyster farming area. Natural stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen were used as tracers of organic matter, primary production sources and trophic transfers. The processes of food incorporation allow to interpret the trophic transfer dynamics, thanks to the turnover rate tissues and the trophic enrichments, for five organs such as the gills, the digestive gland, the mantel, the muscle and the gonads. For different organs, the isotopic turnover rate of carbon was between one and four months. The isotopic turnover rate of nitrogen is three to five times faster than of carbon. The spatial and temporal variability of the source contributions (extrinsic factor) to the oyster diet and the gametogenic cycle (intrinsic factor) jointly influenced the tissue isotopic signals. Then the isotopic composition of oyster corrected for its trophic enrichment allows to determine its diet. The faster turnover rate of the digestive gland gave information about the temporal dynamics of the available food sources, whereas the muscle which integrated on long term period during growth, revealed spatial dynamics. To conclude, this study demonstrated the role played by oyster as a tropho-indicator of the nutritional dynamics in estuarine intertidal environment
Rakotomalala, Christiane. "Modélisation des interactions trophiques entre les producteurs primaires microphytobenthiques et la coque commune (Cerastoderma edule) au sein d’un écosystème estuarien : la Baie des Veys, Normandie, France." Caen, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CAEN2015.
Full textBenthic ecosystems are characterised by complex interactions between their constituting compartments. In this study, the trophic and non-trophic interactions between cockle (Cerastoderma edule) and microphytobenthos (MPB) were analysed using modelling approaches. The cockle growth pattern was analysed with an ecophysiological model. Trophic signal reconstruction reinforced the need to integrate food diversity in the diet of cockle whose main components were seen to be phytoplankton and MPB. A model of MPB resuspension in the water column under the bioturbation by cockle was also set up. Results showed that the biomass of cockle significantly determines the amount of suspended material. Moreover, a positive correlation between the intensity of resuspension and the body size of cockles was found. Finally, a model of MPB primary production integrating migration processes and EPS production (Extracellular Polymeric Substances) was applied. Results validated the control of the migration by internal cellular C:N ratio of MPB. Moreover, nutrients could be a limiting factor for MPB growth, and the biodiffusion of nutrients by sediment fauna sustained the microphytobenthic primary production levels
Lebreton, Benoît. "Analyse de la structure et du fonctionnement du réseau trophique d'un herbier par approche multi-traceurs : traçage isotopique naturel et profils acides gras : cas de l'herbier intertidal de Zostera noltii du bassin de Marennes-Oléron, France." La Rochelle, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LAROS266.
Full textThe littoral zone contains ecosystems featuring high and diversified primary production which constitute the base for complex food webs. Among the producers, seagrass beds produce matter which in general is poorly consumed, thus contributing to the detritus food web. Furthermore, seagrasses form a support for high epiphyte production. This work was carried out to verify these general patterns for the functioning of an intertidal Zostera noltii seagrass bed. Biomasses of different producer and of consumer compartments were estimated and their spatial and temporal variations assessed. The fate of the produced matter was studied by a multi-tracer method using natural isotope tracing and fatty acid profiling. It is shown that epiphyte biomass was low, thus comprising a negligible resource for consumers. Among the macrofaunal consumers, grazers dominated (73% of macrofaunal biomass). Conversely, the meiofauna represented 30% of the total biomass of benthic consumers. When epiphytes were lacking, microphytobenthos was the principal food resource for most of the macrobenthic species (deposit feeders, grazers). The seagrass itself is not much used by the invertebrate consumers and its fate in the food web remains poorly understood. In conclusion, the results demonstrate the minor role of epiphytes in the trophic web of this intertidal seagrass bed. The benthic invertebrates exploit another algal resource: the microphyobenthos
Quiniou, Louis. "Les peuplements de poissons démersaux de la pointe de la Bretagne : Environnement, écologie, structure démographique, relations trophiques." Brest, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986BRES0005.
Full textPascal, Pierre-Yves. "Devenir des bactéries dans les réseaux trophiques des vasières intertidales : le cas de Brouage (Baie de Marennes-Oléron)." Phd thesis, Université de La Rochelle, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00293510.
Full textCresson, Pierre. "Fonctionnement trophique des récifs artificiels de la baie du Prado (Marseille, France) : Origine et devenir de la matière organique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4017.
Full textArtificial reefs are a classical tool used to sustain small scale fisheries. In Marseille's Bay, the largest Mediterranean artificial reef system was deployed for this purpose. This system is a valuable opportunity to better understand the trophic functioning of artificial reefs, by (1) characterizing the organic matter (OM) sources, (2) determining how they are used by low trophic level consumers and (3) following their fate in the trophic networks. These issues were assessed by three approaches:C and N stable isotope ratios, biochemical composition of OM sources and fish stomach content.OM sources display isotopic and biochemical differences reflecting their functioning. Suspended POM is variable, under the influence of allochtonous inputs and controlled by climatic forcing. POM represents the main OM source of the artificial reef food webs. The benthic primary production has heterogeneous C and N stable isotope ratios and exhibits mainly high insoluble carbohydrates contents. Benthic primary production is integrated into trophic networks mainly in the form of detritus. Eventually the sediment organic matter is a detrital pool, characterized by a low variability and a poor nutritional quality.Artificial reefs do modify the organization and the functioning of natural fish communities, and provide diversified and important food resources. Stable isotope and stomach content analyses confirm the consumption of artificial reef invertebrates by small carnivorous fishes, preyed themselves by piscivorous predators. All these results confirm that artificial reefs can efficiently increase fish biomass by local production based on phytoplanktonic and local benthic OM sources
Baux, Noemie. "Dynamique d'habitats benthiques sous contraintes anthropiques : le cas du site de dépôt de dragage d'Octeville." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMC243/document.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to assess the impact of dumping by Le Havre harbour on the faunistic and sedimentary environment near the Octeville dumping site (Eastern part of the bay of Seine). This thesis propose an original scientific approach, including an integrated view (1) by the use of geochemical markers coupled with a sedimentary study (2) a study of the spatial and temporal benthic macrofauna dynamics with an experimentation in situ (3) the creation of a new multicriteria specific indicator of the dumping pressure and (4) a study of the food web with the development of an ECOPATH model. On the one hand, the results showed the existence of a sedimentary equilibrium area in the north-west, with two opposite TOC gradients, controlled by tidal and swell. Harbour sediments can be identified by their different chemical compositions. The area impacted by the dumping is limited. On the other hand, the benthic macrofauna appears less impacted by the dumping. The community is adapted in the bio-hydro-sedimentary environment of the study area. Variations in abundance and dominance have been observed since 2003.In addition, a new indicator allows the classification of dumping impact. The food web is currently stable in both impacted and not impacted areas