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1
The innovation manual: Strategies and tools for delivering value innovation to the market. Chichester, England: John Wiley & Sons, 2009.
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service), SpringerLink (Online, ed. Innovation Design: Creating Value for People, Organizations and Society. London: Springer Verlag London Limited, 2012.
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Bagnoli, Carlo, Alessia Bravin, Maurizio Massaro, and Alessandra Vignotto. Business Model 4.0. Venice: Edizioni Ca' Foscari, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-286-4.
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The manufacturing digital transformation is changing the industry through the introduction of advanced solutions that allow companies to re-interpret their role along the value chain. The industrial revolution opens up great opportunities for Italian companies, in terms of process efficiency, cost reduction and improvement in productivity, but also in the rethinking of products, new services, and the ability of reaction to market needs. This report examines the possible impact of Industry 4.0 on business models considering technological innovation also as a driver of strategic innovation.
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Finding our way: Leadership for an uncertain time. San Francisco, CA: Berrett-Koehler Publishers, 2005.
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Sazhina, Muza, Anna Kashirova, Stanislav Makarov, and Egor Osiop. The social wealth of the innovation system. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1875920.
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The monograph reveals the key socio-economic problems of the innovation economy: its content as a knowledge economy and its role in evolutionary development; human capital (living intelligence) as the main resource of the innovation economy. Much attention is paid to the institutional support of innovation through a system of institutions and mutually beneficial contracts. The mixed mechanism of implementation of innovative activity as a synthesis of spontaneous market self-regulation and conscious public administration is shown. The result of the "social control" of society and the state is the coordination of the actions of economic entities and the ordering of economic processes.
The most important institution of human society is the family as a strong power in the state. And the person himself with his knowledge, culture, ethics and morality is the main value of society. The main purpose of the family is to reproduce life and provide a person with everything necessary. The state as an institution manages a person's education and health, helps to change his lifestyle, strengthening humanity, ethics, morality and culture of life.
The modern global economy remains a sphere of domination of market egoism. It is the market that performs the function of morality as a person and society as a whole. In the global economy, a person is not a representative of the people, but a representative of the system, a standard way of life. And he should live in communication based on respect for each other.
It is concluded that today the main wealth of society is not material, but social wealth: the person himself with his knowledge, culture, ethics and morality is a living intellect; a family with the reproduction of life; immaterial knowledge that covers all types of work that cannot be calculated and paid, where the motive is the joy of free cooperation, free giving and community. In this "invisible economy" people mutually teach each other humanity and create a culture of joint thinking and living together. The State and society must preserve and increase the social wealth of human society.
For students and postgraduates of economic and managerial specialties, as well as for anyone interested in this problem.
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Grabher, Gernot, and Oliver Ibert. Schumpeterian Customers? How Active Users Co-create Innovations. Edited by Gordon L. Clark, Maryann P. Feldman, Meric S. Gertler, and Dariusz Wójcik. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198755609.013.36.
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Up until recently, the role of the customer in economic geography seems to have been confined to a passive recipient of products at the end of the value chain. Innovation, in particular, has been conceived as an affair within and between firms. More recently, however, this traditional perception has been challenged. Consumers, in fact, are no longer seen as mere buyers of commodities but are more and more perceived (and perceive themselves) as competent users who contribute valuable knowledge to innovation processes and who have the power and capacity to intervene at all stages in the value creation process. Value co-creation has emerged as a new paradigm that signifies this transformation of the role of consumers. The prime aim of this chapter is to map out the evolving terrain of value co-creation and to draw conclusions for economic geographical inquiry into innovation processes.
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Midgley, David. Innovation Manual: Integrated Strategies and Practical Tools for Bringing Value Innovation to the Market. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2010.
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Midgley, David. Innovation Manual: Integrated Strategies and Practical Tools for Bringing Value Innovation to the Market. Wiley & Sons, Limited, John, 2015.
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9
Irani, Lilly. Chasing Innovation. Princeton University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691175140.001.0001.
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Can entrepreneurs develop a nation, serve the poor, and pursue creative freedom, all while generating economic value? This book shows the contradictions that arise as designers, engineers, and businesspeople frame development and governance as opportunities to innovate. The book documents the rise of “entrepreneurial citizenship” in India over the past seventy years, demonstrating how a global ethos of development through design has come to shape state policy, economic investment, and the middle class in one of the world's fastest-growing nations. The book chronicles the practices and mindsets that hold up professional design as the answer to the challenges of a country of more than one billion people, most of whom are poor. While discussions of entrepreneurial citizenship promise that Indian children can grow up to lead a nation aspiring to uplift the poor, in reality, social, economic, and political structures constrain whose enterprise, which hopes, and which needs can be seen as worthy of investment. In the process, the book warns, powerful investors, philanthropies, and companies exploit citizens' social relations, empathy, and political hope in the quest to generate economic value. The book argues that the move to recast social change as innovation, with innovators as heroes, frames others—craftspeople, workers, and activists—as of lower value, or even dangers to entrepreneurial forms of development. The book lays bare how long-standing power hierarchies such as class, caste, language, and colonialism continue to shape opportunity in a world where good ideas supposedly rule all.
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Castellani, Davide, Alessandra Perri, Vittoria G. Scalera, and Antonello Zanfei, eds. Cross-Border Innovation in a Changing World. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198870067.001.0001.
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Over the last three decades cross-border innovation has profoundly changed. The global fragmentation of global value chains, increased global connectedness, and pervasive digitalization have contributed to shaping innovation processes that increasingly span country borders. This process of change has involved a wide array of actors (players) in a variety of geographical locations and organizational spaces (places), calling for new guidelines, public interventions, and regulatory frameworks (policies). Considering this complexity, the existing literature has only partially captured the ongoing changes in cross-border innovation and showed limited engagement in an integrative debate across different disciplines. This book features chapters by distinguished scholars who are all expert in their chosen topics and who provide complementary and novel perspectives on the phenomenon by bridging research streams, including international business, strategy, innovation studies and policy, international economics, industrial organization, economic geography, business ethics, and sustainability. The book is organized in three major sections, focusing on players, places, and policies in contemporary cross-border innovation and featuring both research chapters and commentaries. The book highlights the changing role of multinational enterprises and the growing participation of emerging actors in cross-border innovation via formal and informal networks, which are increasingly shaped around highly mobile individuals and new geographical places. The book also emphasizes the intertwined role of policies at national and international level, stressing the importance of supply- and demand-oriented policies and presenting intellectual property right policies as a double-edged sword for cross-border innovation.
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Allan, Tony, Brendan Bromwich, Martin Keulertz, and Anthony Colman, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Food, Water and Society. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190669799.001.0001.
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Society’s greatest use of water is in food production; a fact that puts farmers centre stage in global environmental management. Current management of food value chains, however, is not well set up to enable farmers to undertake their dual role of feeding a growing population and stewarding natural resources. This book considers the interconnected issues of real water in the environment and “virtual water” in food value chains and investigates how society influences both fields. This perspective draws out considerable challenges for food security and for environmental stewardship in the context of ongoing global change. The book also discusses these issues by region and with global overviews of selected commodities. Innovation relevant to the kind of change needed for the current food system to meet future challenges is reviewed in light of the findings of the regional and thematic analysis.
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Ouden, Elke den. Innovation Design: Creating Value for People, Organizations and Society. Springer, 2011.
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Ouden, Elke den. Innovation Design: Creating Value for People, Organizations and Society. Springer, 2013.
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Saranakumar, Dr AR, Megha Ojha, Dr Malkar Vinod, and Dr D. Baskaran. Digital Innovation, Transformation and Disruption of Higher Education. SVDES BOOK SERIES, Delhi, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52458/9789391842468.2022.eb.
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The theme of this book “Digital Innovation, Transformation and Disruption of Higher Education" was chosen due to its relevance in the global digitalized world. Digital transformation is the process of using digital technologies to create new — or modify existing — business processes, culture, and customer experiences to meet changing business and market requirements. This reimagining of business in the digital age is digital transformation. Digital transformation is the integration of digital technology into all areas of a business, fundamentally changing how you operate and deliver value to customers. It's also a cultural change that requires organizations to continually challenge the status quo, experiment, and get comfortable with failure. Technology has the potential to revolutionize the traditional teaching and learning process. It can eliminate the barriers to education imposed by space and time and dramatically expand access to lifelong learning. Students no longer have to meet in the same place at the same time to learn together from an instructor. Digital transformation in higher education refers to an organizational change realized by means of digital technologies and business models with the aim to improve an institution's operational performance. The book encompasses chapters with research-based perspectives in the area of digital innovations & related fields. The book can be read as a compendium of readings of digitization of higher education institutions, business and industry. We editors offer heartfelt thanks to all contributors for their valuable research incorporated in this edited book as a chapter.
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Rushton, Cynda Hylton, and Monica Sharma. Creating a Culture of Moral Resilience and Ethical Practice. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190619268.003.0011.
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Large-scale change is not possible without aligning individual and collective values, wisdom, and commitment to the architecture needed to support ethical practice. The process required for designing a system that supports ethical practice on a moment-to-moment basis involves synergistic operational strategies. These include personal transformational learning, information for decision-making, supporting principled change-makers and risk-takers, and creating an enabling work environment. Transformational design and action involve using practices, techniques, and methods that source inner capacity at every step of planning and implementation and embodying foundational values. Transformational design leverages key elements of co-creating new patterns, developing new norms and systems for sustainable change, transcending disempowering patterns, and creating a new narrative.
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Yeoman, Ruth. From Traditional to Innovative Multi-Stakeholder Mutuals. Edited by Jonathan Michie, Joseph R. Blasi, and Carlo Borzaga. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199684977.013.34.
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The UK Coalition Government’s public-sector transformation initiatives produced a growing number of public-service mutuals. Despite this, there is little understanding of the transition experiences of such organizations, and associated processes of organizational change. This chapter describes the case of Rochdale Boroughwide Housing (RBH), an affordable housing provider, and now a dual constituency mutual, jointly owned by staff and tenants. A key characteristic of the change was the need for individuals to craft new self-identities by holding in tension the identity of being a co-owner with that of being a public-service worker or tenant. Smith and Graetz’s (2011) ‘paradox management’ was used to investigate new values arising from the proliferation of dualities. Although the stresses of change were not avoided, the co-owners of RBH created new capabilities with the potential to, not only sustain the organization, but also increase the resilience and innovative capacities of the communities it exists to serve.
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Cohen, Maurie J. Workers—and Consumers—of the World Unite! Opportunities for Hybrid Co-operativism. Edited by Jonathan Michie, Joseph R. Blasi, and Carlo Borzaga. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199684977.013.26.
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It has long been acknowledged that co-operatives can buffer economic insecurity, offset some of the vagaries of market capitalism, and enhance social solidarity. An interesting—and in many respects peculiar—facet of the history of co-operativism is how worker (or producer) cooperatives and consumer cooperatives have evolved along completely separate trajectories. Yet production and consumption are inextricably bound up in tight configurations. Moreover, no one is exclusively a producer or consumer and we repeatedly and iteratively change roles, often numerous times during the course of a single day. We seem, though, to be at an auspicious moment to rectify this anomalous situation. This chapter outlines the notion of multi-stakeholder co-operativism and highlights how worker-consumer cooperatives can bridge this enduring divide. These organizations can also inculcate democratic values and solidaristic social relations that will be essential for easing the process of innovating a new system of social organization over the next few decades.
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Clarke, Thomas, Justin O’Brien, and Charles R. T. O’Kelley, eds. The Oxford Handbook of the Corporation. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198737063.001.0001.
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The Oxford Handbook of the Corporation assesses the contemporary relevance, purpose, and performance of the corporation. The corporation is one of the most significant, if contested, innovations in human history, and the direction and effectiveness of corporate law, corporate governance, and corporate performance are being challenged as never before. Continuously evolving, the corporation, as the primary instrument for wealth generation in contemporary economies, demands frequent assessment and reinterpretation. The focus of this work is the transformative impact of innovation and change on corporate structure, purpose, and operation. Corporate innovation is at the heart of the value-creation process in increasingly internationalized and competitive market economies, and corporations today are embedded in a world of complex global supply chains and rising state and state-directed capitalism. In questioning the fundamental purpose and performance of the corporation, this Handbook continues a tradition commenced by Berle and Means, and contributed to by generations of business scholars. What is the corporation and what is it becoming? How do we define its form and purpose and how are these changing? To whom is the corporation responsible, and who should judge the ultimate performance of corporations? By investigating the origins, development, strategies, and theories of corporations, this volume addresses such questions to provide a richer theoretical account of the topic.
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Hitchcock, Tim. The Body in the Workhouse. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198748267.003.0008.
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Hitchcock’s chapter examines the impassioned response represented in a couple of cheap publications to the death in 1732 of Mary Whistle, in a workhouse in the London parish of St Giles in the Fields, where she had been confined with a view to making her work in return for aid. The story became a focus for public opposition to the new workhouses, in the process bringing an end to the career of the man in charge of this one, Matthew Marryott. Hitchcock contextualizes publications mobilizing shock at these events by evoking the recent history of innovation in the parish’s government; by giving a sense of the character of the publications in which outrage was expressed; and through analysis of the values which informed the response.
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Plough, Alonzo L. Community Resilience. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197559383.001.0001.
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Community Resilience: Equitable Practices for an Uncertain Future presents rich research findings, enlivened by stories of lived experience, to reflect on the forces that nurture resilience and promote health equity. This volume lifts up the value of innovation and engagement to build the community power essential to making change. In this fifth volume of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation’s Culture of Health series, chapters highlight the importance of resilience, or the capacity of a dynamic system, such as a community, to anticipate and adapt successfully to challenges. Whether stressors are acute (e.g. a storm, an environmental disaster, an abuse of police power) or chronic (e.g. those engendered by poverty and racism), local innovation and community engagement are key to nurturing resilience and promoting health equity. Community Resilience positions storytelling and narrative shifts as essential to influencing our perceptions of who deserves empathy or support, and who does not, by examining the systemic barriers to resilience and the opportunities to reshape the landscape to overcome those barriers. The central message of this volume—across immigration or imprisonment, opioids or trauma, housing or disaster preparedness—is that we must act intentionally to support a shift in power to communities.
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Khan, B. Zorina. Inventing Ideas. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190936075.001.0001.
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Abstract: How do knowledge and ideas influence the competitiveness of firms and nations? Current debates about grand innovation prizes, patent trolls, technological disruption, human capital, and the role of an entrepreneurial state reflect and replicate earlier controversies that took place on both sides of the Atlantic. This book shows how and why the ideas of creative individuals promote progress. The insights are based on original archival research regarding over 100,000 inventors, patented inventions, and innovation prizes in Europe and the United States during industrialization. This systematic empirical analysis across time and place and institutions provides a comprehensive microfoundation for understanding technological change and long-run macroeconomic growth. British and French policies favored “administered innovation systems,” in which elites, administrators, or panels made key economic decisions about inducement prizes, rewards, and the allocation of resources. European institutions generated returns that were misaligned with economic value and productivity and perpetuated socioeconomic inequality. Europe fell behind when the negative consequences of such top-down administered systems accumulated and reduced comparative advantage. The modern knowledge economy emerged when, for the first time in world history, an intellectual property clause was included in a national Constitution, in the United States. This strong endorsement for open-access property rights and unfettered markets in ideas reflected a revolution in thinking about the sources of creativity and technical progress. U.S. global industrial ascendancy was a direct outcome of its decentralized market-oriented institutions, which fostered diversity in ideas and innovations, the diffusion of information and disruptive technologies, and sustained endogenous growth.
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Cookey, Peter Emmanuel, Thammarat Koottatep, Walter Thomas Gibson, and Chongrak Polprasert. Integrated Functional Sanitation Value Chain. IWA Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/9781789061840.
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Abstract The value chain (VC) system is a key way to address important sanitation technological and institutional gaps in production and service delivery and could constitute a natural platform for development actions and also serve as a market systems approach to improve access to safely-managed sanitation. It has been suggested that sanitation could boost local and national economies and global interconnections with a growing recognition that the private sector can play a bigger role in delivering the Sustainable Development Goal for sanitation, and help businesses understand value-added and product opportunities. This book proposes a pathway towards re-thinking the sanitation value chain (SVC) and suggests that it should cover all processes, activities and products of enterprises/actors in the sanitation supply chain that provide value-added services within each stage. Following the Regenerative Sanitation Principles, this book presents a new perspective to the SVC known as the ‘integrated functional sanitation value chain’ (IFSVC) to address operational functions within sanitation systems in combination with sanitation enterprises, operators and external actors that support the growth of the sanitation economy. The underlying premise of this book is that the IFSVC represents a new perspective that would have major social, environmental and economic implications for local, national, regional and global sanitation service delivery. It is hoped that researchers, business leaders, entrepreneurs, government officials and funders will find this book valuable, and be inspired and enabled to carry sanitation work forward in their own spheres of operation. The book gives several examples of encouraging developments, particularly in technical and business model innovation. It is our hope that this book will provide the stimulus for new learning and its application, particularly through cross-disciplinary and cross-sector partnerships that bring together all the skills and capabilities needed to deliver a fully effective IFSVC. ISBN: 9781789061833 (print) ISBN: 9781789061840 (eBook) ISBN: 9781789061857 (ePUB)
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Walker, Rae, and Wendy Mason, eds. Climate Change Adaptation for Health and Social Services. CSIRO Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9781486302536.
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Climate Change Adaptation for Health and Social Services addresses concerns from the health and community services sector, including local government, about how to respond to climate change and its impacts on communities.
What should an intervention framework for the community-based health and social services sector contain and how can it complement an organisation's core values, role and work programs? What current direct and indirect impacts of climate change are most relevant to organisations and the communities they serve? Which population groups are most vulnerable to climate change and what are the impacts on them? Above all, what can be done to reduce the current risks from climate change to clients, communities and organisations?
Written by expert researchers and practitioners, this book presents existing research, innovative practice and useful tools to support organisations taking practical steps towards adaptation to the impacts of climate change on people. It examines the evidence of climate change impacts on six of the most vulnerable population groups – people with disability; older people; women and children; Aboriginal people; rural people; and people from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds – as well as discussing effective interventions. Other key issues covered include health and social impacts of climate change, adaptation, mitigation, climate change communication, organisational adaptation and a case study of innovation illustrating some of the book’s themes.
Accessible, informative and incorporating extensive evidence and experience, Climate Change Adaptation for Health and Social Services is relevant for anyone within the health and community services sector concerned about climate change and its impacts on their community.
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Livingstone, Sonia, and Alicia Blum-Ross. Parenting for a Digital Future. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190874698.001.0001.
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In the decades it takes to bring up a child, parents face challenges that are both helped and hindered by the fact that they are living through a period of unprecedented digital innovation. Drawing on extensive research with parents both rich and poor, parenting toddlers to teenagers, this book reveals how digital technologies give parenting struggles a distinctive character, as parents determine how to forge new territory with little precedent, or support. It argues that, in late modernity, parents are both more burdened with responsibilities and yet increasingly charged with respecting and developing the agency of their child—leaving much to be negotiated. The book charts how parents enact authority and values through digital technologies—as “screen time,” videogames, and social media become ways of both being together and of setting boundaries, with digital technologies introducing valued opportunities and new sources of risk. To light their way, parents comb through the hazy memories of their own childhoods and look toward hard-to-imagine futures. This results in deeply diverse parenting in the present, as parents move between embracing, resisting, or balancing the role of technology in their own and their children’s lives. This book moves beyond the panicky headlines to offer a deeply researched exploration of what it means to parent in a period of significant social and technological change. Drawing on qualitative and quantitative research in the United Kingdom, the book offers conclusions and insights relevant to parents, policymakers, educators, and researchers everywhere.
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Willetts, David. A University Education. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198767268.001.0001.
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Universities have a crucial role in the modern world. In England, entrance to universities is by nation-wide competition which means English universities have an exceptional influence on schools--a striking theme of the book. This important book first investigates the university as an institution and then tracks the individual on their journey to and through university. In A University Education, David Willetts presents a compelling case for the ongoing importance of the university, both as one of the great institutions of modern society and as a transformational experience for the individual. The book also makes illuminating comparisons with higher education in other countries, especially the US and Germany. Drawing on his experience as UK Minister for Universities and Science from 2010 to 2014, the author offers a powerful account of the value of higher education and the case for more expansion. He covers controversial issues in which he was involved from access for disadvantaged students to the introduction of L9,000 fees. The final section addresses some of the big questions for the future, such as the the relationship between universities and business, especially in promoting innovation.. He argues that the two great contemporary trends of globalisation and technological innovation will both change the university significantly. This is an authoritative account of English universities setting them for the first time in their new legal and regulatory framework.
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Ivanov, Alexey Yurievich. BRICS and the Global Competition Law Project. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198810674.003.0006.
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Evolving BRICS cooperation in Competition Law and policy provides new hope. It aims to embrace the peculiarities of globalization in its current phase. All BRICS jurisdictions are desperately searching for a solution that shortcuts the developmental track. The group’s experimentalist energy and creativity are extremely important for the current phase of global economic development. Not only is an institutional structure of the global order in transition, but also the very nature of the global marketplace. The new global competition policy should focus on facilitation of openness among global networks and value chains through the reduction of the manipulative and exclusionary potential of networks. BRICS cooperation can help make the global marketplace fairer and more equal, and can promote competition encouraging a broader dissemination of knowledge and advanced technologies, while eliminating barriers imposed on the global flows of innovation by the global technological monopolies and cartel-like technological joint ventures.
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Whittaker, D. Hugh, Timothy Sturgeon, Toshie Okita, and Tianbiao Zhu. Compressed Development. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198744948.001.0001.
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This book highlights the importance of time and timing in economic and social development. ‘Compressed development’ consists of two key features and their interaction: the tendency for development processes to unfold more rapidly (compression) and the institution-shaping influences of major periods of change and growth, especially when countries become integrated into the global economy (era). Using an interdisciplinary conceptual framework of state–market and organization–technology co-evolution, the authors contrast the experiences of ‘early’ and ‘late’ developers such as the United Kingdom and Japan, with countries–most notably China–which have become more deeply integrated with the global economy since the 1990s. Compressed developers experience ‘thin industrialization’, layered types of employment, and ‘double burdens’ or challenges in social development. National development strategies must accommodate global value chains and powerful international actors on the one hand, and decentralization on the other. To cope, and thrive, states must remain developmental, whilst being increasingly engaged and adaptive in multiple levels of governance. Compressed Development explores the historical and contemporary features of economic and social development at the intersection of development studies and studies of globalization. By bringing a new perspective on the ‘middle-income trap’, as well as the emerging digital economy, and the state–market and geopolitical tensions that are currently upending conventional wisdoms, the book offers timely insights that will be useful, not only for students of development, but for policymakers, business, and labour organization seeking to navigate the rushing currents of contemporary capitalism.
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Oswald, Laura R. Doing Semiotics. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198822028.001.0001.
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Structural semiotics is a hybrid of communication science and anthropology that accounts for the deep cultural codes that structure communication and sociality, endow things with value, move us through constructed space, and moderate our encounters with change. Doing Semiotics: A Research Guide for Marketers at the Edge of Culture, shows readers how to leverage these codes to solve business problems, foster innovation, and create meaningful experiences for consumers. In addition to the basic principles and methods of applied semiotics, the book introduces the reader to branding basics, strategic decision-making, and cross-cultural marketing management. The guide can be used to supplement my previous books, Marketing Semiotics (2012) and Creating Value (2015), with practical exercises, examples, extended team projects and evaluation criteria. The work guides students through the application of learnings to all phases of semiotics-based projects for communications, brand equity management, design strategy, new product development, and public policy management. In addition to grids and tables for sorting data and mapping cultural dimensions of a market, the book includes useful interview protocols for use in focus groups, in-depth interviews, and ethnographic studies. Each chapter also includes expert case studies and essays from the perspectives of Marcel Danesi, Rachel Lawes, Christian Pinson, Laura Santamaria, and Laura Oswald.
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Barker, Richard. Bioscience - Lost in Translation? Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198737780.001.0001.
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Medical innovation as it stands today is fundamentally unsustainable. There is a widening gap between what biomedical research promises and its current impact in terms of patient benefit and health system improvement. This book highlights the global problem, analyses underlying causes, and provides powerful prescriptions for change to close the gap.It contrasts progress in biomedicine with other areas of science and technology, such as information technology, in which there are faster, more reliable returns for society from scientific advance. It questions whether society is right to expect so much from biomedicine and why we have become accustomed to such poor returns.It focuses on four specific ‘gaps in translation’ between bioscience breakthroughs and ultimate patient benefit, and explains how unhelpful mental models and differing perceptions of value, risk, and uncertainty contribute to stifling progress.Specific examples are examined, in which these bottlenecks have prevented promised progress (e.g. antibiotic-resistant infections), and others in which these barriers have been overcome, as a result of patient pressure (e.g. HIV treatment) or a sense of impending crisis (e.g. pandemic influenza).
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Henry, Christine, ed. Professional Ethics And Organisational Change In Education & Health. Singular Publishing Group, 1995.
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Fejerskov, Adam. The Global Lab. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198870272.001.0001.
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The Global Lab maps out the political, institutional, and ethical coordinates of a new experimental movement operating across the Global South. It tells the story of how a group of organizations, foundations, and corporations are increasingly using developing countries, local communities, and refugee camps as live laboratories to experiment with untested technologies, biometric humanitarian solutions, new drugs, and radical methodologies for social change. The book asks where and how this movement works, laying bare the human, ethical, philosophical, and political consequences of its practices. The Global Lab takes the reader through Silicon Valley, Africa, and Asia to understand the tangible and transformative implications of experimentation, following a set of main protagonists, from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation to experimental economists known as the randomistas, to humanitarian organizations and pharmaceutical companies. Deeply entrenched in contemporary experimental practice, these actors form a movement inspired by core logics emanating out of Silicon Valley about the need for fast-paced radical change and societal disruption, technological innovation as progress, and the privatization and commercialization of the human mind and body. Ultimately, the book examines the inequality of experimentation that is found in the erection of imaginary walls between us and them, and the imagined universal and often unquestioned value of scientific and technological progress in the name of development.
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Doner, Richard F., Gregory W. Noble, and John Ravenhill. The Political Economy of Automotive Industrialization in East Asia. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197520253.001.0001.
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This book offers a political economy explanation for the striking cross-national differences in strategies and performance among East Asia’s automotive industries. Some countries—China, South Korea, and Taiwan—have successfully pursued “intensive” growth strategies by increasing local value added based on domestic inputs and technological competencies. Malaysia has attempted but failed to pursue this path. In contrast, Thailand has become a champion of “extensive” growth, relying on foreign assemblers and their suppliers to achieve an impressive expansion of production, assembly, and exports. Latecomer Indonesia has followed Thailand with some success, whereas the Philippines has remained an automotive backwater. Through cross-case and within-case analyses of the seven countries, the book argues that variation is a function of the institutional and political contexts in which firms operate. Different strategies require different institutions and institutional capacities. Intensive development is especially institutionally demanding. Effective institutions emerge when political leaders face severe claims on resources (security threats and domestic pressures for welfare improvement) in the absence of easily accessible revenues to satisfy such needs. Brief comparisons with Brazil, Mexico, and other developing countries confirm the utility of the analytic framework. This explanation is superior to neoclassical accounts. It is consistent with but provides more insight than other prominent approaches to development: national innovation systems, global value chains, and developmental states. New challenges facing auto assemblers and suppliers, such as the transition to electric and autonomous vehicles, will call heavily upon the institutional capacities highlighted in this book.
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Haber, Stephen H., and Naomi R. Lamoreaux, eds. The Battle over Patents. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197576151.001.0001.
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Do patents facilitate or frustrate innovation? Lawyers, economists, and politicians who have staked out strong positions in this debate often attempt to validate their claims by invoking the historical record—but they typically get the history wrong. The purpose of this book is to get the history right by showing that patent systems are the product of contending interests at different points in production chains battling over economic surplus. The larger the potential surplus, the more extreme are the efforts of contending parties, now and in the past, to search out, generate, and exploit any and all sources of friction. Patent systems, as human creations, are therefore necessarily ridden with imperfections; nirvana is not on the menu. The most interesting intellectual issue is not how patent systems are imperfect, but why historically US-style patent systems have come to dominate all other methods of encouraging inventive activity. The answer offered by the essays in this volume is that they create a temporary property right that can be traded in a market, thereby facilitating a productive division of labor and making it possible for firms to transfer technological knowledge to one another by overcoming the free-rider problem. Precisely because the value of a patent does not inhere in the award itself but rather in the market value of the resulting property right, patent systems foster a decentralized ecology of inventors and firms that ceaselessly extends the frontiers of what is economically possible.
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Erkollar, Alptekin, ed. Enterprise & Business Management. Tectum – ein Verlag in der Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783828872301.
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Organizations have always been dependent on communication, information, technology and their management. The development of information technology has sped up the importance of management information systems, which is an emerging discipline combining various aspects of informatics, information technology, and business management. Understanding the impact of information on today’s organizations requires technological and managerial views, which are both offered by management information systems. Business management is not only about generating greater returns and using new technologies for developing businesses to reach future goals. Business management also means generating better revenue performance if plans are diligently followed. It is part of business management to have an ear to the ground of global economic trends, changing environmental conditions and preferences, as well as the behavior of value chain partners. While, until now, business management and management information systems are mostly treated as independent fields, this publication takes an interest in the cooperation of the two. Its contributions focus on both research areas and practical approaches, in turn showing novelties in the area of enterprise and business management. Main topics covered in this book are technology management, software engineering, knowledge management, innovation management and social media management. This book adopts an international view, combines theory and practice, and is authored for researchers, lecturers, students as well as consultants and practitioners.
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von Wangenheim, Georg. Evolutionary Law and Economics. Edited by Francesco Parisi. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199684267.013.011.
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This article examines the use of evolutionary theories in law and economics. It begins with a discussion of the concept of evolution. It then explains the central ideas of three central evolutionary approaches in law and economics: the neo-institutional approach, microeconomic models, and the idea of competing jurisdictions. Neo-institutionalist approaches provide a bouquet of arguments which may be used to explain the evolution of law. Microeconomic approaches driven by demand for, and supply of legal rules as well as their interactions with social norms and technological evolution may provide such models, but, since these models are based on Markov processes and thus on stochasticity, they may only describe and predict expected values of legal change. As a consequence, explanations of specific legal variations cannot be traced back to specific elements of these evolutionary theories in law and economics. This caveat persists even if one would extend the models to allow for co-evolution of jurisdictions partly driven by comparative lawyers' research. Nevertheless, the said microeconomic approaches may still be useful for normative evaluations of differences in the law: If the frameworks of legal evolution in jurisdictions differ, the theory may offer arguments for why the evolution in one or the other will tend towards a more desirable outcome (for example efficiency). One should however always be aware that these theories can only make statements on tendencies of evolution, not on specific legal changes. The same caveats apply in an even stronger way to the use of (evolutionary) theories of inter-jurisdictional competition.
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Hock Tsen, Wong. Money and Banking. UMS Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.51200/moneyandbankingumspress2019-978-967-2166-61-0.
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Money and banking are about money, payment systems, banking and the central bank in an economy. The information on money and banking enables economic agents to make a better financial decision in the economy. Money is an exchange for goods and services and to settle debts. There is a link between the money supply and the monetary base. The money supply will increase or decrease when the monetary base or the money multiplier increases or decreases. The value of money will deteriorate fast when inflation is high. A payment system is an arrangement for exchange, which can be categorised into store-of-value systems and account-based systems. Asymmetric information can lead to adverse selection and moral hazard problems and thus, the asymmetric information problem can trigger the financial crisis problem. Banks can be commercial banks, investment banks and Islamic banks. Banks pool savings, provide safekeeping, accounting services and the payment systems, provide liquidity, diversify risk and provide financial information. Banking development is said to have a vital role in economic growth. Balance sheet management is important for the smooth running of the business of banks. Theory of term structure of interest rate attempts to explain the shape of the yield curve over time. Interest rate risk is a significant risk in the bank as a change in interest rate can affect both sides of the balance sheet of the bank. Financial innovation and bank consolidation are important issues in money and banking. The central bank manages monetary policy and oversees the financial system in an economy. The independence of the central bank can be a goal and operational independence. There are pro and con for the independence of the central bank and for the central bank to prick asset price bubble. This book can be divided into three main parts, namely money and the payment systems, banking and central bank. Chapter 1 to Chapter 2 explains money and the payment systems. Chapter 3 to Chapter 7 are banking. Chapter 8 is the central bank. Chapter 9 is concluding remarks. This book provides some fundamentals in money and banking for the economic agents, namely households, firms, governments and foreigners.
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Panigrahi, Muktikanta, and Arpan Kumar Nayak. Polyaniline based Composite for Gas Sensors. IOR PRESS, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/ioriip212.
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In this research work, we have demonstrated the synthesis, spectroscopic characteristics, thermal behaviour and DC conductivity of a few nanostructured composites, substituted conducting polymers (ICPs) and composites of ICPs. The physical properties of aforementioned composites are significantly changed by the doping with HCl, H2SO4, HNO3, H3PO4, or acrylic acid. The charge transport properties of these polymeric materials have been studied in detail because of their potential application in gas sensors. In the current work, varieties of conducting polymer based materials such as PANI-ES/Cloisite 20A nanostructured composite, acrylic acid (AA) doped PANI polymer, N-substituted conducting polyaniline polymer, DL−PLA/PANI-ES composites, poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) based polyaniline composite, and inorganic acid doped polyaniline are sucessfuly synthesized using aniline/aniline hydrochloride as precursors in acidic medium. Particularly, AA based synthesised PANI polymer was found with higher solubility The spectroscopic, thermal stability, enthalpy of fusion, room temperature DC conductivity and temperature dependent DC conductivity measurements with and without magnetic was carried out with as-synthesized materials. The FTR/ATR−FTIR spectra indicated the presence of different functional groups in the as-prepared composite materials. The UV−Visible absorption spectroscopic analysis showed the presence of polaron band suggesting PANI-ES form. The Room temperature DC conductivity, temperature variation DC conductivity (in presence and absence of magnetic field), and magnetoresistance (MR) of as-prepared conducting polyaniline based were analysed. The highest room temperature DC conductivity value was obtained from H2SO4 doped based composite materials and all prepared conductive composites were followed ohms law. The low temperature DC conductivity was carried out in order to study the semiconducting nature of prepared materials. The Mott type VRH model was found to be well fitted the conductivity data and described the density of states at the Fermi level which is constant in this temperature range. From MR plots, a negative MR was observed, which described the quantum interference effect on hopping conduction. We discuss different gas analytes i.e., NO2, LPG, H2, NH3, CH4, and CO of conducting polymer based materials.
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Nowak, Dariusz, ed. Production–operation management. The chosen aspects. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Poznaniu, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18559/978-83-8211-059-3.
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The aim of the e-book is to present the theoretical, cognitive and practical aspects of the essence and complexity of operational management in a production company. The presented modern production methods together with the challenges and problems of contemporary enterprises should better help to understand the issues of sustainable development, with particular emphasis on waste. The book consists of six chapters devoted to relevant and topic issues relating to the core business of an industrial enterprise. Chapter 1 The nature of the industrial enterprise is an introduction to further considerations and deals with the essence of the basic aspects of the company. Both popular and less known definitions of an enterprise, its features, functions and principles of operation are presented. An important part of the chapter is the presentation and formulation of strategic, tactical and operational goals. Moreover, the division of enterprises is presented with the use of various criteria and the features of the industrial market, which make it distinct. Chapter 2 The operational management evolution and its role in the industrial enterprise discusses the evolution and concept of production and operational management. The management levels were also presented, indicating their most important functions. An integral part of the chapter is the essence of the production system, viewed through the prism of the five elements. Chapter 3 Functions and role in operations management presents the issues concerning the organization of production processes, production capacity and inventory management. This part also presents considerations on cooperation and collaboration between enterprises in the process of creating value. Chapter 4 Traditional methods used in operational activities focuses on methods such as benchmarking, outsourcing, core competences, JIT, MPR I and MRP II, as well as TQM and kaizen. Knowledge of these methods should contribute to understanding the activities of modern enterprises, the way of company functioning, the realization of production activities, as well as aspects related to building a competitive position. Chapter 5 Modern methods used in production-operations management discusses the less common and less frequently used production methods, based on a modern and innovative approach. In particular, it was focused on: Shop Floor Control and cooperative manufacturing, environment-conscious manufacturing (ECM) and life-cycle assessment ( LCA), waste management and recycling, Electronic Data Interchange (EDI), virtual enterprise, World Class Manufacturing (WCM), Quality Function Deployment (QFD) and House of Quality (HOQ), theory of constraints (TOC), Drum Buffer Rope (DBR), group technology (GT) and cellular manufacturing (CM), Demand Chain Management and competitive intelligence (CI). In the last section discusses: the role of sustainable statistical process control and Computer-Aided Process Planning in context formatting of information management. Chapter 6 Problems of sustainable development and challenges related to production and operations management describes the problem and challenges related to production and operations activities. In particular, attention was paid to the threats related to changes in global warming, the growing scale of waste, or the processes of globalization. It was pointed out that the emerging problem may be both a threat and a chance for the development of enterprises. An integral part of the chapter are also considerations on technical progress, innovation and the importance of human capital in operational activities.
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Thurston, Anne, ed. A Matter of Trust. University of London, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.14296/1220.9781912250356.
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The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals initiative has the potential to set the direction for a future world that works for everyone. Approved by 193 United Nations member countries in September 2016 to help guide global and national development policies in the period to 2030, the 17 goals build on the successes of the Millennium Development Goals, but also include new priority areas, such as climate change, economic inequality, innovation, sustainable consumption, peace and justice. Assessed against common agreed targets and indicators, the goals should facilitate inter-governmental cooperation and the development of regional and even global development strategies. However, each goal presents considerable challenges in terms of collecting and analysing relevant data and producing the statistics needed to measure progress. Most governments in lower resourced countries simply do not yet have the systems and controls in place to produce high quality, reliable data and statistics, and it is questionable whether the quality and integrity of the available information is adequate to support meaningful decisions and set direction for the future. There are substantial implications: where progress cannot be measured accurately because of inadequate or flawed statistics, the result can be misguided decisions, doubts about achievement of the goals and significant wasted resources. Getting statistics ‘right’ depends upon the quality and integrity of the data used to produce them and on the quality of the processes for collecting, manipulating and analysing the data. Without a documentary records as evidence of how the data were gathered and analysed or how statistics were produced and disseminated, it is not possible to confirm that the statistics are complete, accurate and relevant. Various global organisations do recognise the importance of high quality data and statistics for measuring the SDG indicators reliably, but there has been little attention to the role of records in providing the evidence needed to trust the data and statistics. There is, moreover, a lack of awareness that digital information simply will not survive without policies and procedures to manage and preserve it through time. As a result, digital data, statistics and records are being lost regularly on a large scale, particularly in lower resource countries, where the structures needed to protect and preserve them are not yet in place. This book explores, through a series of case studies, the substantial challenges for assembling reliable data and statistics to address pressing development challenges, particularly in Africa. Hopefully, by highlighting the enormous potential value of creating and using high quality data, statistics and records as an interconnected resource and describing how this can be achieved, the book will contribute to defining meaningful and realistic global and national development policies in the critical period to 2030.
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Hopke, Jill E., and Luis E. Hestres. Communicating about Fossil Fuel Divestment. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.566.
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Divestment is a socially responsible investing tactic to remove assets from a sector or industry based on moral objections to its business practices. It has historical roots in the anti-apartheid movement in South Africa. The early-21st-century fossil fuel divestment movement began with climate activist and 350.org co-founder Bill McKibben’s Rolling Stone article, “Global Warming’s Terrifying New Math.” McKibben’s argument centers on three numbers. The first is 2°C, the international target for limiting global warming that was agreed upon at the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change 2009 Copenhagen conference of parties (COP). The second is 565 Gigatons, the estimated upper limit of carbon dioxide that the world population can put into the atmosphere and reasonably expect to stay below 2°C. The third number is 2,795 Gigatons, which is the amount of proven fossil fuel reserves. That the amount of proven reserves is five times that which is allowable within the 2°C limit forms the basis for calls to divest.The aggregation of individual divestment campaigns constitutes a movement with shared goals. Divestment can also function as “tactic” to indirectly apply pressure to targets of a movement, such as in the case of the movement to stop the Dakota Access Pipeline in the United States. Since 2012, the fossil fuel divestment movement has been gaining traction, first in the United States and United Kingdom, with student-led organizing focused on pressuring universities to divest endowment assets on moral grounds.In partnership with 350.org, The Guardian launched its Keep it in the Ground campaign in March 2015 at the behest of outgoing editor-in-chief Alan Rusbridger. Within its first year, the digital campaign garnered support from more than a quarter-million online petitioners and won a “campaign of the year” award in the Press Gazette’s British Journalism Awards. Since the launch of The Guardian’s campaign, “keep it in the ground” has become a dominant frame used by fossil fuel divestment activists.Divestment campaigns seek to stigmatize the fossil fuel industry. The rationale for divestment rests on the idea that fossil fuel companies are financially valued based on their resource reserves and will not be able to extract these reserves with a 2°C or lower climate target. Thus, their valuation will be reduced and the financial holdings become “stranded assets.” Critics of divestment have cited the costs and risks to institutional endowments that divestment would entail, arguing that to divest would go against their fiduciary responsibility. Critics have also argued that divesting from fossil fuel assets would have little or no impact on the industry. Some higher education institutions, including Princeton and Harvard, have objected to divestment as a politicization of their endowments. Divestment advocates have responded to this concern by pointing out that not divesting is not a politically neutral act—it is, in fact, choosing the side of fossil fuel corporations.