Journal articles on the topic 'Chain-of-ponds'
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Pangayao, Denvert, Susan Gallardo, Michael Angelo Promentilla, and Eric van Hullebusch. "Bioleaching of trace metals from coal ash using local isolate from coal ash ponds." MATEC Web of Conferences 156 (2018): 03031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201815603031.
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Bioleaching of chromium, copper, manganese and zinc from coal ash were investigated using isolates from coal ash ponds particularly Psuedomonas spp. Six (6) different coal ash ponds were examined however, after initial screening Psuedomonas spp. were only present in three (3) coal ash ponds. Among the three coal ash ponds, results showed that eight (8) putative Pseudomonas spp. isolates were present that were identified using the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Using the eight putative Pseudomonas spp. for bioleaching at optimum conditions and 15 days, the pH value ranges from 8.26 to 8.84 which was basic in nature. Moreover, the maximum metal leached were 8.04% Cr, 12.05% Cu, 4.34% Mn and 10.63% Zn.
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Willey, Ruth L., and Stephen T. Threlkeld. "Organization of crustacean epizoan communities in a chain of subalpine ponds." Limnology and Oceanography 38, no. 3 (May 1993): 623–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4319/lo.1993.38.3.0623.
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Nair, R. N., Faby Sunny, and S. T. Manikandan. "Modelling of decay chain transport in groundwater from uranium tailings ponds." Applied Mathematical Modelling 34, no. 9 (September 2010): 2300–2311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apm.2009.10.038.
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Fairchild, G. Winfield, Jamie N. Anderson, and David J. Velinsky. "The trophic state ‘chain of relationships’ in ponds: does size matter?" Hydrobiologia 539, no. 1 (May 2005): 35–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-004-3083-4.
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Tran Ngoc, Diem My. "The seasonal change of zooplankton communities in ecological black tiger shrimp ponds at Tam Giang commune, Nam Can district, Ca Mau province." Science and Technology Development Journal - Natural Sciences 4, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 706–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdjns.v4i3.862.
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Zooplankton is a secondary consumer in the food chain of aquatic ecosystems. They are closely related to the nutrient content and play a vital role in the nursing of many aquatic species, particularly in the larval stage including black tiger shrimp. Therefore, an expedition study has been conducted to investigate the seasonal changes in the zooplankton community at several ecological black tiger shrimp ponds in Ca Mau mangroves, considering the potential for use as an additional natural food source in shrimp pond. Samples were collected in 8 shrimp ponds in two times of the year (July and November). The results were recorded 24 species belonging to 20 genera, 12 families, 3 phylla and 3 kinds of larval zooplankton. The results were recorded 6 groups of zooplankton in ponds in July, but in November the Rotatoria group did not appear in any ponds. Zooplankton densities varied from 16592 to 53330 individuals / m3. In particular, the Copepoda order occupied more than 50% of the total species and density. There is a negative correlation between individual density and NO2 concentration or salinity. The zooplankton community associated with the ponds can be used as the livefood for suitanable aquaculture. Utilization of these resources is very economical for aquaculture due to the low cost to compare with that of the artifical food. However, the diversity of the zooplankton community in ponds is not high. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the number of species in the water bodies by creating a suitable environment for some groups such as Rotatoria, Cladocera to grow out in these ponds.
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Williams, Rory T., and Kirstie A. Fryirs. "The morphology and geomorphic evolution of a large chain‐of‐ponds river system." Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 45, no. 8 (March 12, 2020): 1732–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/esp.4842.
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Silva, Patricia Mirella da, Carolina Pereira Costa, Jaíse Paiva Bragante de Araújo, Fernando Ramos Queiroga, and Alexandre Alter Wainberg. "Epizootiology of Perkinsus sp. inCrassostrea gasar oysters in polyculture with shrimps in northeastern Brazil." Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária 25, no. 1 (March 18, 2016): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-29612016011.
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Abstract Bivalve culture is of considerable economic and social interest in northeastern (NE) Brazil. The polyculture is an alternative approach to traditional monoculture for reducing the environmental impact of shrimp farming and improving oyster culture. Perkinsus marinus andPerkinsus olseni were found infecting oysters in NE Brazil and can threaten oyster production. This study evaluatedPerkinsus spp. occurrence in Crassostrea gasar during all production stages. Oyster spats were produced in a hatchery and grown in shrimp ponds in Rio Grande do Norte state.Perkinsus spp. were surveyed by Ray’s fluid thioglycollate medium and confirmed by polymerase chain reaction. Prevalence and intensity of infection were determined in oysters until they reached 7 cm. Results showed that the broodstock was already infected by Perkinsus (60%), but the derived spats were Perkinsus-free. Oyster spats acquired Perkinsus infection when transferred to ponds. The prevalence gradually increased in the seven months following placement in ponds (73%), and then decreased to 17% by the tenth month. The infections were initially mild, but intensity increased at the final growth stage. In conclusion, it is possible to produce Perkinsus-free C. gasar oyster spats from infected broodstock, and their culture in shrimp ponds is feasible.
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Issa, Ibrahim Mohammed, Kirumirah Hamidu Mubarack, and Yusuph Kisakeni. "PRACTICES OF FRESH FISH FARMERS ALONG THE SUPPLY CHAIN OF FISH FARMING OF KOLA-KISARAWE, TANZANIA." AFRICAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH 8, no. 1 (April 28, 2022): 324–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.26437/ajar/03.2022.21.
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Purpose: The study assessed the fresh fish farming process along the supply chain of Kola- Kisarawe, Tanzania. It further digs into understanding the contributions for conducting fresh fish farming in the context of preparation and construction of ponds, site location for farms, harvesting and packaging as well as marketing and distribution.
Design/Methodology/Approach: A qualitative research design was adopted and data were drawn from 5 keys informant interviewees from five ponds who were selected by purposive sampling technique. Key informant interviews, documentary review and non-participant observation were used in data collection. Thematic data analysis strategy was adopted where by data gathered were analysed by content analysis using MAXQDA 2020 software.
Findings: Findings showed that fresh fish farming is conducted through construction of ponds, site location, harvesting and packaging as well as marketing and distributions. Further, findings indicate that availability of fund, proper storage, handling and marketing to mention just a few are the processes for fresh fish farming.
Research Limitation: The study focused on the practices of fresh fish farmers along the supply chain of fish farming.
Practical implication: The study recommends stakeholders to participate actively on provision of capital, search for markets and build public awareness on contributions of fresh fish farming. These findings contribute to the existing knowledge in the sector, insist stakeholder’s participation with regards to improvement of fresh fish farming process.
Social Implication: Clearing shortcomings in the sector will help in improving fish farmers and traders livelihood, country’s economy and employment in general.
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Taherkhani, Atefeh, Hossein Movahedyan Attar, Seyyed Abbas Mirzaee, Mehdi Ahmadmoazzam, Neemat Jaafarzadeh, Faeze Hashemi, and Mohammad Jalali. "Performance evaluation of waste stabilization ponds on removal of Listeria spp.: a case study of Isfahan, Iran." Journal of Water and Health 16, no. 4 (May 22, 2018): 614–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2018.031.
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Abstract The aim of the present study was to assess performance of waste stabilization ponds (WSPs) on the removal of Listeria spp. in Isfahan, Iran. A total of 104 samples were taken from eight sampling locations from influent and effluent of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). Sewage samples were analyzed for the presence of Listeria spp. using selective enrichment protocol. Listeria isolates were also identified by biochemical and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. Listeria spp. was enumerated by a three tube most probable number (MPN) for total coliform counts (TC), fecal coliform counts (FC), total suspended solids (TSS), and total dissolved solids (TDS). In total, 54/104 (51.92%), 49/104 (47.11%), 36/104 (34.61%), and 27/104 (25.95%) samples were positive for Listeria spp., L. monocytogenes, L. innocua, and L. seeligeri, respectively. The mean MPN/100 mL enumeration of L. monocytogenes for influent, anaerobic, facultative ponds 1, 2, 3, 4 and maturation ponds 1 and 2 were 21.54, 10.61, 8, 5.77, 4, 2.54, 1.38, and 0.46, respectively. The removal percentage of Listeria spp. in the anaerobic, facultative, and maturation ponds were 44.71, 76.5, and 81.4%, respectively. Results showed that the WSPs were able to decrease the Listeria spp. levels significantly, although unable to remove them completely.
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Hossain, M. I., M. I. Hossain, M. M. Kamal, M. A. Mannan, and M. A. B. Bhuyain. "Effects of Probiotics on Growth and Survival of Shrimp (Penaeus monodon) in Coastal Pond at Khulna, Bangladesh." Journal of Scientific Research 5, no. 2 (April 23, 2013): 363–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v5i2.11815.
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The study was carried out for 138 days to know the growth and survival rate of P. monodon by applying probiotics in Gazi Fish Culture Ltd. Dacope, Khulna, Bangladesh. Six experimental ponds (4000 m2 in size i.e. one acre) were selected of which three were probiotic ponds and three were controlled. After pond preparation, PL15 (average weight of each 4.75±0.09 g) was stocked at the rate of 13 per m2 following polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test. CP NASA shrimp feed was used during the study period. Transparency, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), temperature, total Ammonia Nitrogen (TAN) were recorded by standard measurements. The average final body weight of the harvested shrimp is 37.67±1.15 g in probiotics ponds and 27.33±0.58 g in controlled ponds and the difference was significant (P < 0.01) between these two productions. The average survival rate was 90.67±1.15 % in probiotic pond and 71.00±3.0 % in controlled pond. The average daily gain (ADG) in weight was 0.27±0.01 g and 0.19±0.01 g in probiotic and controlled ponds, respectively. The result showed that probiotic plays an important role in maintaining water quality parameters, soil quality and health management as well as increases the growth and survival of shrimp.Key words: Probiotics; P. monodon; Water quality parameter; Growth rate; Survival rate.© 2013 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v5i2.11815 J. Sci. Res. 5 (2), 363-370 (2013)
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Hryhorenko, T., N. Savenko, N. Chuzhma, and A. Bazaieva. "Cultivation of young-of-the-year carp with the use of chlorella (Chlorella (Beijerinck, 1890)) suspension." Ribogospodarsʹka nauka Ukraïni, no. 3(57) (September 30, 2021): 33–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/fsu2021.03.033.
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Purpose. Investigate ecological conditions and determine fish productivity of ponds when growing young-of-the-year carp using a suspension of chlorella. Methodology. During the study, we used methods generally accepted in hydrochemistry, hydrobiology and fish farming. Findings. The article presents the results of the study on the use of chlorella suspension in the cultivation of carp. It was found that the use of chlorella suspension created favorable hydrochemical conditions resulting in intensive development of zooplankton, which had a positive effect on the growth of young-of-the-year carp and fish productivity of the pond. The development of the natural food supply was sufficient to meet the nutritional needs of juvenile carp. The average seasonal biomass of zooplankton in the experimental pond was 28.68 g/m3 that was 1.5 times higher than in the control. The share of cladocerans in the total biomass of zooplankton in the experimental pond was 76.6%, versus 36.8% in the control. The average biomass of zoobenthos for the growing season in the experimental was 1.3 times higher than in the control, and was formed by chironomid larvae, which are valuable in the food chain. Originality. The study investigated ecological conditions and fish productivity of growing ponds under conditions of the application of cattle manure and suspension of chlorella when growing carp in monoculture. Practical value. It was found that the use of chlorella suspension promotes the intensification of the development of zooplankton organisms in ponds. The obtained data can be used to develop practical recommendations for optimizing the conditions for growing carp seeds and increasing the biological productivity of ponds. Key words: nursery ponds, natural food supply, phytoplankton, zooplankton, zoobenthos, young-of-the-year carp, chlorella suspension, fish productivity.
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Hong, Jason C., M. Timur Momol, Jeffrey B. Jones, Pingsheng Ji, Stephen M. Olson, Caitilyn Allen, Amilcar Perez, Prakash Pradhanang, and Kiymet Guven. "Detection of Ralstonia solanacearum in Irrigation Ponds and Aquatic Weeds Associated with the Ponds in North Florida." Plant Disease 92, no. 12 (December 2008): 1674–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-92-12-1674.
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The discovery of exotic Ralstonia solanacearum biovar 1 strains on geranium in north Florida led to a concern that this strain may have become established. Therefore, we monitored irrigation ponds and potential alternative aquatic weeds from 2002 to 2005 for the presence of this strain. We report that this strain, possibly originating from the Caribbean, has become established in several ponds in Gadsden County, FL. Cladistic taxonomy was used to subclassify the bacterium at the species level into four groups or phylotypes based on multiplex polymerase chain reaction of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. The bacterium was further divided into sequevars by sequencing the endoglucanase gene (egl). The strains were determined to belong to phylotype II/sequevar 4 NPB (nonpathogenic on banana) that was recently reported in Martinique. Partial sequencing of the egl followed by phylogenetic analysis placed the new Caribbean strains in a different clade than the typical Florida endemic strains. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) revealed different haplotypes upon comparison of the collected pond strains and the Floridian strains. Based on PFGE polymorphism, egl sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis, the Caribbean strains were shown to be identical to the strain isolated from infected geranium plants. Experiments were undertaken to monitor R. solanacearum in irrigation ponds and associated weeds. R. solanacearum was detected in surface-disinfested common aquatic weeds growing in the irrigation ponds, including Hydrocotyle ranunculoides (dollar weed) and Polygonum pennsylvanicum (Pennsylvania smart weed). Both weeds were latently infected and showed no signs of wilt when collected. Two different Hydrocotyle spp. were artificially inoculated with R. solanacearum under greenhouse conditions and both developed symptoms 14 days post inoculation (dpi) and the bacterium was recovered from the tissues 42 dpi. There was a positive correlation between ambient temperature and R. solanacearum populations in irrigation water, as previously shown by other researchers.
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Waldbieser, Geoffrey C. "Polymerase Chain Reaction Amplification of Genetic Loci from Diseased Channel Catfish Found Dead in Ponds." Journal of Aquatic Animal Health 8, no. 2 (June 1996): 155–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8667(1996)008<0155:pcraog>2.3.co;2.
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Ndayisenga, J. D., and S. Dusabe. "Ponds’ Water Quality Analysis and Impact of Heavy Metals on Fishes’ Body." Journal of Sustainability and Environmental Management 1, no. 2 (May 26, 2022): 62–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/josem.v1i2.45334.
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The anthropogenic activities have caused increase in the aquatic heavy metals pollution. The higher concentration of heavy metals in fish’s body also affects the consumers as it reaches to human body through the food chain. This study was conducted to analyze the ponds’ water quality based on physicochemical parameters and nutrients in relation to the dissolved heavy metals accumulated in the fishes’ body by using R programing. In this study, the heavy metals bio-accumulated from barrage pond and diversions ponds was analysed. Kigembe, Nyamagana, Rwasave fertilized and Rwasave non-fertilized ponds were purposively chosen for the study. The water sample was analysed using HACH DR5000 UV-Vis Spectrophotometer to measure Ammonium-Nitrogen, Nitrate-Nitrogen, Phosphates and Total Phosphorus at Chemistry Department’s Laboratory of University of Rwanda. While after filtration of water samples using Whatman filter papers, heavy metals including Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, Ni, Co, Cd, Cr and Pb were determined using ICP-MS 7900. The analysis of physicochemical parameters showed that the temperature, pH, Conductivity, Turbidity and TDS were within the permissible limit of ponds’ water (20-300C, 6.5-9, less than 1000 µs/cm, 30-60 NTU and less than 2000 mg/L respectively) quality for all the sites except Rwasave fishponds, where lower pH was observed. The nutrients level in these ponds were low comparing to the standard limit. The assessed heavy metals were Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, Cd, Cr and Pb whose concentrations analyzed in water were within permissible limit of 0.3ppm, 1ppm, 0.1ppm, 3ppm, 0.003ppm, 0.5ppm and 0.01ppm respectively while heavy metals bio-accumulated were within the permissible limit of 0.1ppm, 1ppm, 0.05ppm, 5ppm, 0.05ppm, 0.05ppm and 0.05ppm respectively for all the sites except for both dissolved and bio-accumulated Fe and Mn concentration which were high for all sites. The highest level of heavy metals concentration was obtained in particular Fe and Mn. This shows that there is urgent need of continuous water quality analysis within the ponds for maintaining the favorite conditions for fish. The water quality monitoring will help the farmers to create the safe aquatic environment for fishes and improve their production output.
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Eunike, Agustina, Sugiono Sugiono, Ishardita Pambudi Tama, Sri Widiyawati, Galih D.A. Pramono, and Rahmi Yuniarti. "AN ANALYSIS OF INDONESIAN MILKFISH UPSTREAM SUPPLY CHAIN: SYSTEM DYNAMICS APPROACH." Journal of Engineering and Management in Industrial System 9, no. 1 (May 30, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.jemis.2021.009.01.1.
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Milkfish is common aquaculture product consumed by Indonesian people. However, the ponds of milkfish in Indonesia manage by Small Medium Enterprises scale of farmers which have problems in sustaining the business. This study proposes supply chain analysis in the upstream level to develop strategic to improve the profit of milkfish farmers. Milkfish supply chain is a network of many actors that work together to create and deliver milkfish and its culinary products to the end-user. This paper defines the partnership strategies between the farmers and suppliers as well as the support from government as facilitator and regulator. Moreover, system dynamic approach analyses the scenarios of partnership to outline the benefit obtain by the milkfish supply chain. Finally, the simulation results recommend the partnership to fertilizer supplier will give significant increase in profit of the milkfish farmers.
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Gu, Ganyu, Zhiyao Luo, Juan M. Cevallos-Cevallos, Paige Adams, George Vellidis, Anita Wright, and Ariena H. C. van Bruggen. "Factors affecting the occurrence of Escherichia coli O157 contamination in irrigation ponds on produce farms in the Suwannee River Watershed." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 59, no. 3 (March 2013): 175–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjm-2012-0599.
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Outbreaks of enteritis caused by Escherichia coli O157 associated with fresh produce have resulted in questions about the safety of irrigation water; however, associated risks have not been systematically evaluated. In this study, the occurrence and distribution of the human pathogen E. coli O157 from vegetable irrigation ponds within the Suwannee River Watershed in Georgia were investigated, and the relationship to environmental factors was analyzed. Surface and subsurface water samples were collected monthly from 10 vegetable irrigation ponds from March 2011 to February 2012. Escherichia coli O157 was isolated from enriched filtrates on CHROMagar and sorbitol MacConkey agar media and confirmed by an agglutination test. Presence of virulence genes stx1, stx2 , and eae was tested by polymerase chain reaction. In addition, 27 environmental variables of the sampled ponds were measured. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis was conducted for the analysis of bacterial communities in the water samples. Biserial correlation coefficients were calculated to evaluate the log10 colony-forming unit per millilitre correlations between the environmental factors and the occurrence of E. coli O157. Stepwise and canonical discriminant analyses were used to determine the factors that were associated with the presence and absence of E. coli O157 in water samples. All 10 ponds were positive for E. coli O157 some of the time, mainly in summer and fall of 2011. The temporal distribution of this bacterium differed among the 10 ponds. Temperature, rainfall, populations of fecal coliform, and culturable bacteria were positively correlated with the occurrence of E. coli O157 (P < 0.05), while the total nitrogen concentration, oxidation–reduction potential, and dissolved oxygen concentration were negatively correlated with the occurrence of this pathogen (P < 0.05). Temperature and rainfall were the most important factors contributing to the discrimination between samples with and without E. coli O157, followed by bacterial diversity and culturable bacteria population density. Bacterial numbers and diversity, including fecal coliforms and E. coli O157, increased after rainfall (and possibly runoff from pond margins) in periods with relatively high temperatures, suggesting that prevention of runoff may be important to minimize the risk of enteric pathogens in irrigation ponds.
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Shevchenko, Leonid. "REDUCTION OF EFFLUENTS FROM WATER SUPPLY STATIONS TO SURFACE WATER BODIES." JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT 13, no. 2 (June 30, 2005): 97–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16486897.2005.9636852.
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Polluted water from many water‐supply stations of the Ukraine gets into surface water bodies, trenches and ponds. Such water contains chlororganic compounds and coagulants that fail to biodegrade and get into the human body within the nutrition chain and are harmful for human health. The results of the carried out research have been applied in designing new water‐supply stations which use sludge degreasing and in reducing the amounts of pollutants emitted into surface water bodies.
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Sorensen, Peter W., and Przemyslaw G. Bajer. "Case Studies Demonstrate That Common Carp Can Be Sustainably Reduced by Exploiting Source-Sink Dynamics in Midwestern Lakes." Fishes 5, no. 4 (December 4, 2020): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fishes5040036.
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The common carp has been highly problematic in North American ecosystems since its introduction over a century ago. In many watersheds, its abundance appears to be driven by source-sink dynamics in which carp reproduce successfully in peripheral ponds that lack egg/larva micro-predators which then serve as sources of recruits for deeper lakes. This manuscript describes how carp were sustainably reduced in two chains of lakes by disrupting source-sink dynamics in three steps. First, we ascertained whether lakes had problematic densities of carp that could be explained by source-sink dynamics. Second, ways to control recruitment were developed and implemented including: (i) aerating source ponds to reduce hypoxia and increase micro-predator abundance, (ii) blocking carp migration, and (iii) locating and removing adults from sinks using targeted netting guided by Judas fish. Third, we monitored and adapted. Using this strategy, the density of carp in 3 lakes in one chain was reduced from 177 kg/ha to ~100 kg/ha in 3 years and held constant for a decade. Similarly, adult density was reduced from 300 kg carp/ha in 2 lakes in the other chain to 25 kg/ha. Once carp densities were low, aluminum sulfate treatments became reasonable and once conducted, water quality improved.
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Wijayanti, Hendry, and Andy Darmawan. "Comparative Study on Phytoplankton Community in Two Newly Dug Ponds in Institut Teknologi Sumatera." Jurnal Biodjati 5, no. 1 (May 30, 2020): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/biodjati.v5i1.7996.
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Phytoplankton community plays an important ecological role in the aquatic ecosystems as the primary producers and forms the fundament of the aquatic food chain for supporting the water community. Thus, the phytoplankton community structure is a good indicator of water quality due to its sensitiveness to environmental stresses. Two newly dug ponds in Institut Teknologi Sumatera may give an opportunity to study the early colonizing stages of various freshwater communities including phytoplankton. The study attempted to determine the composition and abundance of phytoplankton. Samples were collected from two ponds (A and C) in the reservoir water of Institut Teknologi Sumatera. The content of Phosphorus (P), Nitrogen (N), and Chlorophyll-a (algae biomass) were determined. Phytoplankton had higher diversity in Pond C than Pond A in the study period, in which a total of seven taxa were found, namely Bacillariophycea, Cyanophyceae, Chlorophyceae, Conjugatophyceae, Dinophyceae, Euglenophyceae, Gymnodiniaceae. The most species abundance of both ponds was Peridinium sp. and Trachelomonas sp. The Pond C had the highest mean value of the Shannon-Wiener diversity index. The Linear mixed-effect model showed that low turbidity will result in high phytoplankton diversity. The finding of this study suggests that higher phytoplankton diversity would achieve a natural carrying capacity, and thus would serves as an indicator of ecosystem health.
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Szpakowska, Barbara, Dariusz Świerk, and Maria Pajchrowska. "The Influence of Environmental Factors on Phytoplankton Varietya Case Study of Three Ponds of Western Poland." Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S 27, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 83–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/eces-2020-0005.
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AbstractThe structure of phytoplankton assemblages in three small water bodies was compared and abiotic factors were described. It indicated considerable differences in the species abundance and biomass of the phytoplankton as well as the chemical composition of water between artificial pond (No. 2) and others. A total of 455 phytoplankton taxa were recorded. All ponds were characterized by greatest species richness of Chlorophyta. The highest biomass was noted in August-September 2015, and it was true for each pond. The CCA models showed dependences between the variables under study and phytoplankton groups. They indicated which environmental variables had the greatest influence on the biomass of phytoplankton in the waterbodies under analysis. The biomass of most of the taxonomic group in the phytoplankton (except Miozoa) depended on the presence of nitrogen not only in form of nitrates but also in the form of mineral nitrogen. The research findings suggest the trend of future studies on the phytoplankton in these ponds. The analysis of its variability should also include the influence of light and the influence of consumers on the food chain in the ecosystem.
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Ahmad, Tabrez, and A. K. Sharma. "A study of fresh water protozoans with special reference to their abundance and ecology." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 1, no. 2 (December 1, 2009): 166–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v1i2.77.
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Ecologically protozoa represent a model of interacting communities that exhibit various characters of structure and function of a micro-ecosystem and also an important component of food-chain. The present paper presents the first record of taxonomic composition and abundance of fresh water protozoans from ponds and Gomti River of Lucknow, U.P. India. A total forty seven protozoans were observed, studied thoroughly and identified. Total ten strains of flagellates, sixteen of amoebae, two testaceans; two heliozoans and seventeen different strains of ciliates were observed.
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Karmakar, Sima Rani, Mohammad Belal Hossain, Md Milon Sarker, As-Ad Ujjaman Nur, Ahasan Habib, Bilal Ahamad Paray, Mohammad Khalid Al-Sadoon, Aneela Gulnaz, and Takaomi Arai. "Diversity and Community Structure of Zooplankton in Homestead Ponds of a Tropical Coastal Area." Diversity 14, no. 9 (September 13, 2022): 755. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d14090755.
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As an intermediary connection between primary producers and higher trophic levels, zooplankton are an important component of the aquatic food chain, contributing significantly to aquatic biological productivity. This study describes the zooplankton diversity and community structure, as well as their relationships with ecological factors, in homestead ponds of a coastal district along the northern Bay of Bengal region. Significant differences (p < 0.05) were detected in the mean values of temperature, pH, DO, TDS, transparency, and phosphates from the ponds during December 2020, but no significant differences were found in the nitrate levels. However, no significant variances in the ecological parameters between months were found due to the study taking place in the same season. Sixteen zooplankton species, representing four groups, were found in the study area, with the highest mean abundance of 301.19 ± 40.55 ind./L recorded in February 2021 and the lowest of 293.02 ± 21.13 ind./L recorded in December 2020. The diversity (H’), evenness (e), richness (J), and dominance (D) ranged from 2.49 to 2.12, from 0.93 to 0.84, from 2.05 to 1.56, and from 0.13 to 0.09, respectively. Based on the SIMPER analysis, Diaptomus gracilis and Brachionus calyciflorus were found to be significant contributors (>10%) to the zooplankton community structure in different months. The ANOSIM results revealed that 10 species of zooplankton were significant contributors based on their average dissimilarity. The canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) identified that pH, transparency, nitrates, and phosphates have a significant impact on the abundance of zooplankton species in the homestead ponds in the study area.
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Nardelli, Margaret S., André A. Padial, Denise C. Bicudo, Claudia M. d. S. Cordovil, and Silvio C. Sampaio. "Variation of Diatoms at Different Scales in the Brazilian Pantanal Basin." Water 13, no. 6 (March 17, 2021): 823. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13060823.
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(1) Background: We analyzed the diatom community structure of the surface sediments, in three permanent ponds in the Pantanal of Mato Grosso, Brazil, to better understand how biota in these aquatic environments depend on structural connectivity and functional connectivity: (2) Methods: Ten samples sites were established in each pond, water and the sediment were taken during the flood period. Abiotic–biotic variables were determined and standardized; (3) Results: The three ponds presented acidic water and high concentration of nitrogen, with the highest acidity for Ferradura Pond (P1) and the highest trophic status index for Burro Pond (P2), but the greatest environmental variations occurred in Caracará Pond (P3). The variation in diversity between sites in the same pond is what contributes the most to gamma diversity. The most abundant species was Aulacoseiraitalica (Ehrenberg) Simonsen and the genus Eunotia Ehrenberg was the most representative in species. Ferradura Pond, there was a relationship between compositional and environmental dissimilarities with geographic distance, but there was no independent. Burro Pond, the relationship the compositional variation with environmental variables was not significant. Caracará Pond, there was a relationship of compositional dissimilarity both with geographical distance and with environmental; (4) Conclusions: The set of results suggests that the mechanisms that determine the metacommunity of each pond are different and that the environmental conditions and dispersion influenced the structure and composition. Since, diatom species were different between ponds, and ponds more eutrophic showed less diversity. The pH and oligotrophy were the main factors to maintain the greatest diversity of species of the genus Eunotia and the greatest abundance of Aulacoseira italica. Knowing the dynamics and structure of diatoms, which are at the beginning of the food chain, is essential for conserving, maintaining, or rehabilitating wetland ecosystems, such as the Pantanal, which is part La Plata river basin, which represents the second largest surface for water resources in South America and the Guarani Aquifer System, the biggest unified groundwater aquifer in the world.
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Mohamad Shahimin, Mohd Faidz, Julia M. Foght, and Tariq Siddique. "Methanogenic Biodegradation of iso-Alkanes by Indigenous Microbes from Two Different Oil Sands Tailings Ponds." Microorganisms 9, no. 8 (July 23, 2021): 1569. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9081569.
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iso-Alkanes, a major fraction of the solvents used in bitumen extraction from oil sand ores, are slow to biodegrade in anaerobic tailings ponds. We investigated methanogenic biodegradation of iso-alkane mixtures comprising either three (2-methylbutane, 2-methylpentane, 3-methylpentane) or five (2-methylbutane, 2-methylpentane, 2-methylhexane, 2-methylheptane, 2-methyloctane) iso-alkanes representing paraffinic and naphtha solvents, respectively. Mature fine tailings (MFT) collected from two tailings ponds, having different residual solvents (paraffinic solvent in Canadian Natural Upgrading Limited (CNUL) and naphtha in Canadian Natural Resources Limited (CNRL)), were amended separately with the two mixtures and incubated in microcosms for ~1600 d. The indigenous microbes in CNUL MFT produced methane from the three-iso-alkane mixture after a lag of ~200 d, completely depleting 2-methylpentane while partially depleting 2-methylbutane and 3-methylpentane. CNRL MFT exhibited a similar degradation pattern for the three iso-alkanes after a lag phase of ~700 d, but required 1200 d before beginning to produce methane from the five-iso-alkane mixture, preferentially depleting components in the order of decreasing carbon chain length. Peptococcaceae members were key iso-alkane-degraders in both CNUL and CNRL MFT but were associated with different archaeal partners. Co-dominance of acetoclastic (Methanosaeta) and hydrogenotrophic (Methanolinea and Methanoregula) methanogens was observed in CNUL MFT during biodegradation of three-iso-alkanes whereas CNRL MFT was enriched in Methanoregula during biodegradation of three-iso-alkanes and in Methanosaeta with five-iso-alkanes. This study highlights the different responses of indigenous methanogenic microbial communities in different oil sands tailings ponds to iso-alkanes.
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Roiha, T., I. Laurion, and M. Rautio. "Carbon dynamics in highly heterotrophic subarctic thaw ponds." Biogeosciences Discussions 12, no. 14 (July 29, 2015): 11707–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-12-11707-2015.
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Abstract. Global warming has accelerated the formation of permafrost thaw ponds in several subarctic and arctic regions. These ponds are net heterotrophic as evidenced by their greenhouse gas (GHG) supersaturation levels (CO2 and CH4), and generally receive large terrestrial carbon inputs from the thawing and eroding permafrost. We measured seasonal and vertical variations in the concentration and type of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in five subarctic thaw (thermokarst) ponds in northern Quebec, and explored how environmental gradients influenced heterotrophic and phototrophic biomass and productivity. Late winter DOM had low aromaticity indicating reduced inputs of terrestrial carbon, while the high concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) suggests that some production of non-chromophoric dissolved compounds by the microbial food web took place under the ice cover. Summer DOM had a strong terrestrial signature, but was also characterized with significant inputs of algal-derived carbon, especially at the pond surface. During late winter, bacterial production was low (maximum of 0.8 mg C m−3 d−1) and was largely based on free-living bacterioplankton (58 %). Bacterial production in summer was high (up to 58 mg C m−3 d−1), dominated by particle-attached bacteria (67 %), and strongly correlated to the amount of terrestrial carbon. Primary production was restricted to summer surface waters due to strong light limitation deeper in the water column or in winter. The phototrophic biomass was equal to the heterotrophic biomass, but as the algae were mostly composed of mixotrophic species, most probably they used bacteria rather than solar energy in such shaded ponds. According to the δ13C analyses, non-algal carbon supported 51 % of winter and 37 % of summer biomass of the phantom midge larvae, Chaoborus sp., that are at the top of the trophic chain. Our results point to a strong heterotrophic energy pathway in these thaw pond ecosystems, where bacterioplankton dominates the production of new carbon in both summer and winter.
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Evangelista, Patrícia Alexandre, Mayara Andrade Martins de Souza, Iuri Emanuel de Paula Ferreira, and Natan de Jesus Pimentel-Filho. "Microbiological water quality monitoring of four ponds from Lagoa do Sino Farm located in São Paulo State, Brazil." Acta Scientiarum. Biological Sciences 43 (April 20, 2021): e52901. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/actascibiolsci.v43i1.52901.
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This study aimed to evaluate the microbiological quality of the water of four ponds used for irrigation on the Lagoa do Sino Farm, as well as to perform the genotypic characterization of virulence factors in Escherichia coli isolates. Sampling was conducted for 11 months, between 2015 and 2016. Samples were analyzed for the presence of thermotolerant coliforms, E. coli and heterotrophs. DNA was extracted from E. coli isolates, followed by genotypic characterization by polymerase chain reaction. Agricultural activities and pesticides used in the sampling period were documented in order to assess possible relationships between agricultural activities and microbiological water quality. The absence of suitable riparian vegetation around all the ponds was observed, benefiting the entry of organic matter and contaminants in the water body. A high index of thermotolerant coliforms in some months indicated the possibility of the transmission of pathogenic microorganisms in these ponds. The values found in some months were above the regulatory limits for water potability and water intended for irrigation. The agrochemicals used in the period seem to influence the results obtained. All 17 E. coli isolates showed at least one of the virulence genes estA, stx1, stx2, and aatA, indicating enterotoxigenic, enterohaemorrhagic or enteroaggregative nature. The presence of E. coli in the waters may be associated with the presence of animals. The water samples analyzed are not suitable for irrigation of vegetables that are consumed raw and/or low lying fruits ingested without skin removal. It is essential to broaden the control of the use of chemicals, as well as the preservation of riparian vegetation to improve the quality of water used in the farm's agricultural activities.
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Jiménez-Prada, Pablo, Ismael Hachero-Cruzado, Inmaculada Giráldez, Catalina Fernández-Diaz, César Vilas, José Pedro Cañavate, and José Manuel Guerra-García. "Crustacean amphipods from marsh ponds: a nutritious feed resource with potential for application in Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture." PeerJ 6 (January 12, 2018): e4194. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4194.
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Coastal protection, nutrient cycling, erosion control, water purification, and carbon sequestration are ecosystem services provided by salt marshes. Additionally, salt ponds offer coastal breeding and a nursery habitat for fishes and they provide abundant invertebrates, such as amphipods, which are potentially useful as a resource in aquaculture. Fishmeal and fish oil are necessary food resources to support aquaculture of carnivorous species due to their omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFA). Currently, aquaculture depends on limited fisheries and feed with elevated n-3 LC-PUFA levels, but the development of more sustainable food sources is necessary. Amphipods appear to be a potential high quality alternative feed resource for aquaculture. Hence, a nutritional study was carried out for several main amphipod species—Microdeutopus gryllotalpa,Monocorophium acherusicum,Gammarus insensibilis,Melita palmataandCymadusa filosa—in terrestrial ponds in the South of Spain. These species showed high protein content (up to 40%), high n-3 PUFA and phospholipid levels, and high levels of phophatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and triacylglycerols (TAG), the latter being significantly high forM. acherusicum.M. gryllotalpaandM. acherusicumshowed the highest proportion of lipids (19.15% and 18.35%, respectively). Isoleucine, glycine and alanine were the dominant amino acids in all species. In addition, amphipods collected from ponds showed low levels of heavy metals. Furthermore, the biochemical profiles of the five species of amphipods have been compared with other studied alternative prey. Therefore, pond amphipods are good candidates to be used as feed, and are proposed as a new sustainable economic resource to be used in aquaculture.G. insensibilismay be the best for intensive culture as an alternative feed resource because it shows: (1) adequate n-3 PUFA and PL composition; (2) high levels of glycine, alanine, tyrosine, isoleucine and lysine; (3) high natural densities; (4) large body size (≥1 cm), and (5) high concentration of calcium. Moreover, a combined culture of amphipods and fishes in these marsh ponds seems a promising and environmentally sustainable way to develop Integrate Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA) in these ecosystems.
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Makovcova, Jitka, Michal Slany, Vladimir Babak, Iva Slana, and Petr Kralik. "The water environment as a source of potentially pathogenic mycobacteria." Journal of Water and Health 12, no. 2 (December 2, 2013): 254–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2013.102.
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Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are ubiquitous organisms of a wide variety of environmental reservoirs, including natural and municipal water, soil, aerosols, protozoans, animals and humans. Several of these species are potential pathogens which affect human health. The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of NTM in the water environment. Samples were taken from 13 water-related facilities including fish ponds, storage ponds, drinking water reservoirs and an experimental recirculation system. Altogether, 396 samples of water, sediment and aquatic plants were collected and analysed. All samples were examined using conventional culture methods. Suspected microbial isolates were subjected to polymerase chain reaction analysis and identified using partial sequence analysis of the 16S rDNA gene. The culture revealed 94/396 samples (23.7%) that contained mycobacteria. Among known NTM we identified potentially pathogenic mycobacteria isolated from the fresh water environment for the first time: Mycobacterium asiaticum, M. chimaera, M. interjectum, M. kumamotonense, M. lentiflavum, M. montefiorense, M. nebraskense, M. paraffinicum and M. simiae. Epidemiologic studies suggest that the natural water environment is the principal source of human exposure. Our results indicate that besides the well-known potentially pathogenic mycobacteria it is important to observe occurrence, proliferation and persistence of newly discovered mycobacterial species.
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Welz, P. J., G. Holtman, R. Haldenwang, and M. le Roes-Hill. "Characterisation of winery wastewater from continuous flow settling basins and waste stabilisation ponds over the course of 1 year: implications for biological wastewater treatment and land application." Water Science and Technology 74, no. 9 (June 18, 2016): 2036–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2016.226.
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Wineries generate 0.2 to 4 L of wastewater per litre of wine produced. Many cellars make use of irrigation as a means of disposal, either directly or after storage. In order to consider the potential downstream impacts of storage/no storage, this study critically compared the seasonal organic and inorganic composition of fresh winery effluent with effluent that had been stored in waste stabilisation ponds. Ethanol and short chain volatile fatty acids were the main contributors to chemical oxygen demand (COD), with average concentrations of 2,086 and 882 mgCOD/L, respectively. Total phenolics were typically present in concentrations <100 mg/L. The concentration of sodium from cleaning agents was higher in the non-crush season, while the converse was true for organics. The effluent was nitrogen-deficient for biological treatment, with COD:N ratios of 0.09 to 1.2. There was an accumulation of propionic and butyric acid during storage. The composition of the pond effluent was more stable in character, and it is possible that bacterial and algal nitrogen fixation in such systems may enhance biological wastewater treatment by natural nitrogen supplementation. It is therefore recommended that if land requirements can be met, winery effluent should be stored in ponds prior to treatment.
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Chen, Xin, Xiaodong Liu, Hongzeng Jia, Jing Jin, Weidong Kong, and Yongsong Huang. "Inverse hydrogen isotope fractionation indicates heterotrophic microbial production of long‐chain n ‐alkyl lipids in desolate Antarctic ponds." Geobiology 19, no. 4 (April 2, 2021): 394–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gbi.12441.
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Mohamad Shahimin, Mohd Faidz, Julia M. Foght, and Tariq Siddique. "Preferential methanogenic biodegradation of short-chain n-alkanes by microbial communities from two different oil sands tailings ponds." Science of The Total Environment 553 (May 2016): 250–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.02.061.
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Mould, Simon, and Kirstie Fryirs. "The Holocene evolution and geomorphology of a chain of ponds, southeast Australia: Establishing a physical template for river management." CATENA 149 (February 2017): 349–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2016.10.012.
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Karło, Agata, Aleksandra Ziembińska-Buczyńska, Maciej Pilarczyk, and Joanna Surmacz-Górska. "Molecular Monitoring Of Bacterial And Microalgal Biocenoses’ Biodiversity In High Loaded Farming Ponds." Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S 22, no. 3 (September 1, 2015): 425–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eces-2015-0024.
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Abstract Eutrophication process is a serious problem in water ecosystems. There is a great need to study the relation between the physico-chemical condition of water and the influence of these parameters on the diversity of biological life, especially on changes in the structure of microbiocenoses. The most interesting are bacteria and microalgae, due to the important roles they play in maintaining the balance of the aquatic environment. In this study, biodiversity analysis of eukaryotic microalgae and bacteria in two artificial water ecosystems - fish farming ponds - was performed. Aquaculture was based on IMTA technology, in which every part of the trophic chain plays a significant role in maintaining the balance in the ecosystems. Experimental intensive - extensive systems differed in terms of nutrient loads, ponds were characterized by high loads of organic and inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus. During the experimental period, the physicochemical conditions, quantitative genotypic structure of the two biocenoses being studied and the relation between these factors were monitored and investigated. For the biodiversity analysis, the PCR - DGGE technique was used. The results of preliminary research showed that there is a correlation between nutrient loads, diversity expressed in the Shannon-Wiener Index and the overall condition of experimental systems. Higher loadings of nutrient promote the development of bacteria and microalgae without any influence on the balance in the artificial ecosystem being tested.
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Hantika, Rizki Kusuma, Ratna Djuniwati Lisminingsih, and Nour Athiroh AS. "Keanekaragaman Plankton Di Kolam Pertumbuhan Ikan Bandeng (Chanos chanos Forsskal) Yang Terparasiti Di Desa Balongpanggang Gresik." BIOSAINTROPIS (BIOSCIENCE-TROPIC) 6, no. 1 (August 13, 2020): 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.33474/e-jbst.v6i1.244.
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The role of plankton in ecology as a parameter of lush or not a waters, because plankton is the basis of the natural feed chain in the waters. The previous research has been done on the morphology and anatomy of milkfish (Chanos chanos Forsskal) at the pond in the village of Balongpanggang, Gresik, where the waters are polluted. Parasitic worms found nematodes in fish intestines have an impact on losses for fish farmers. The purpose of this study is to identify, find out the differences, determine the level of risk of the type of plankton and determine the condition of abiotic factors in the pond. The study used 24 samples from 3 parasites and 1 non-parasite pond using the Randomized Block Design (RBD) method. Based on the results of observations and identification of plankton in the Integrated Milkfish Growth Pool, there were 53 cells of Chlorococcum humicola and 37 individuals of Stentor roeseli. Phytoplankton found in all ponds, namely Chlorella variegatus, Chlorococcum humicola, Navicula cuspidata, Navicula placentula, Nostoc sphaericum, and Protococcus viridis. While Zooplankton is only 1 in all pools, namely Stentor roeseli. Unparasitic ponds have the highest plankton diversity level (5.7), rather than parasitic ponds 2 (5.0). The condition of abiotic factors (pH) in all ponds is still in accordance with water quality standards for aquaculture ponds.
Keywords: Plankton, Identification, Diversity level
ABSTRAK
Peranan plankton dalam ekologi sebagai parameter subur tidaknya perairan, karena plankton merupakan dasar mata rantai pakan alami di perairan Penelitian terdahulu dilakukan pada morfologi dan anatomi ikan Bandeng (Chanos chanos Forsskal) dalam suatu tambak di desa Balongpanggang, Gresik yang perairannya tercemar. Ditemukan cacing parasit nematoda dalam usus ikan yang berimbas pada kerugian bagi petani ikan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengidentifikasi, mengetahui perbedaan, tingkat kenekargaman jenis plankton dan kondisi faktor abiotik kolam. Penelitian menggunakan 24 sampel dari 3 kolam yang terparasiti dan 1 kolam yang tidak terparasiti dengan metode Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK). Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan dan identifikasi plankton pada Kolam Pertumbuhan Ikan Bandeng yang Terparasiti didapatkan spesies Chlorococcum humicola sebanyak 53 sel dan spesies Stentor roeseli sebanyak 37 individu. Ditemukan Fitoplankton yang keberadaannya ada di semua kolam, yaitu Chlorella variegatus, Chlorococcum humicola, Navicula cuspidata, Navicula placentula, Nostoc sphaericum, dan Protococcus viridis. Sedangkan Zooplankton hanya 1 disemua kolam, yaitu Stentor roeseli. Kolam tidak terparasiti merupakan kolam yang memiliki nilai tingkat keanekaragaman plankton tertinggi (5,7), daripada kolam terparasiti 2 (5,0). Kondisi faktor abiotik (pH) pada semua kolam masih sesuai standar kualitas air untuk budidaya tambak.
Kata kunci: Plankton, Identifikasi, Indeks Keanekaragaman
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Sarjito, Sarjito, and Agus Sabdono. "Associated Vibrio Species in Shrimp Vibriosis from Traditional Brackish Water Pond in the North Coastal of Central Java, Indonesia." Genetics of Aquatic Organisms 5, no. 2 (February 16, 2021): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4194/2459-1831-v5_2_01.
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Indonesian shrimp cultures are threatened by vibriosis. Some traditional brackish water ponds remained along the north coast of Central Java after the disease outbreaks destroyed the shrimp culture. This study aimed to discover the Vibrio diversity associated with shrimp vibriosis in traditional brackish water ponds. An exploratory method with purposive sampling was used in this study. Twenty-four shrimps presumably infected with vibriosis were collected from two district regions on the north coast of Central Java in July–September 2018. The bacteria associated in shrimp vibriosis were isolated from the telson and inner part of the hepatopancreas with TCBS medium. Forty-one bacteria associated with shrimp vibriosis were obtained, and then repetitive-polymerase chain reaction (rep-PCR) was performed to obtain Vibrio strains. On the basis of rep-PCR results, five respresentative strains were selected for further study. The results of 16S rDNA sequence analysis showed that the JKP03, JKP05, JKP19, JKM01, and JKM06 isolates were closely related to Vibrio rotiferianus, Vibrio diabolicus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio alginolyticus, and Shewanella algae, respectively. Vibrio biodiversity in shrimp vibriosis was high. These results confirmed that traditional shrimp farming was susceptible to vibriosis. Therefore, control methods such as vaccines, probiotics, and immunostimulant formulas must be developed to prevent and control the outbreak of shrimp vibriosis in traditional brackish water pond.
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STAGGEMEIER, Rodrigo, Marina BORTOLUZZI, Tatiana Moraes da Silva HECK, Fernando Rosado SPILKI, and Sabrina Esteves de Matos ALMEIDA. "QUANTITATIVE VS. CONVENTIONAL PCR FOR DETECTION OF HUMAN ADENOVIRUSES IN WATER AND SEDIMENT SAMPLES." Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 57, no. 4 (August 2015): 299–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46652015000400005.
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SUMMARY Human Adenoviruses (HAdV) are notably resistant in the environment. These agents may serve as effective indicators of fecal contamination, and may act as causative agents of a number of different diseases in human beings. Conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and, more recently, quantitative PCR (qPCR) are widely used for detection of viral agents in environmental matrices. In the present study PCR and SYBR(r)Green qPCR assays were compared for detection of HAdV in water (55) and sediments (20) samples of spring and artesian wells, ponds and streams, collected from dairy farms. By the quantitative methodology HAdV were detected in 87.3% of the water samples and 80% of the sediments, while by the conventional PCR 47.3% and 35% were detected in water samples and sediments, respectively.
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Eskola, T., and V. Peuraniemi. "Secondary sulphate precipitates in the gravel pit at Kumpuselkä esker, northern Finland." Mineralogical Magazine 72, no. 1 (February 2008): 415–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.2008.072.1.415.
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AbstractWhite and yellowish precipitates were found in a gravel pit in the Kumpuselkäesker chain during the summers of 2004—2007. The esker is located in northern Finland, in the northern Ostrobothnia schist area which contains mica schists with quartz veins, which are locally enriched in Co, Cu, Au, Zn, Pb and Ni. A thin till bed lies between the esker gravel and bedrock. Precipitates were found as small grains on the till surface, encrusting twigs and around small pebbles. Ground-water ponds in the pit measured in the summer of 2006 were very acidic as was the till material. The precipitates comprise secondary sulphates, such as gypsum, pickeringite and Mg-sulphates, which are all water-soluble.
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Morsoleto, Felipe Misael da Silva, Karen Carrilho da Silva Lira, Jhony Ferry Mendonça da Silva, Humberto Rodrigues Francisco, Fabio Bittencourt, and Aldi Feiden. "Geographic information system as a tool for assessing ponds and the potential for environmental impact caused by fish farming." Boletim do Instituto de Pesca 48 (2022): e695. http://dx.doi.org/10.20950/1678-2305/bip.2022.48.e695.
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The hydrographic basin of Arroio Marreco (Paraná State) concentrates a productive chain of fish farming and great intensification of tilapia farming. In this study, we aimed to monitor the quality of effluent water and organic and inorganic elements released by fish farming in ponds, using geomorphological and land-use and occupation data. The Terrain Analysis Using Digital Elevation Models, Digital Elevation Model software was used to delimit watersheds in the software Quantum geographic information system version 3.6.3. A total of 1,457 production units (water slides) were identified across the study area. This represented an occupied area of 160.2 ha. Analyzing the sub-basins, it was found that High Marreco is the sub-basin with the most developed logistical chain. Low Marreco does not yet have an integration of its fish farming with the region’s logistics chain. Medium Marreco does not have fish farming as its main activity, only using it to reuse inputs from other agricultural activities. There is a large input of nutrients from aquaculture in all the sub-basins. To reduce them, it is recommended to implement decantation and/or reuse of wastewater systems. The results of this study show how important it is to know the dynamics of nutrients in the fish farms and the physical characteristics of the drainage basin to determine the support capacity of the environment, so as not to allow licenses that promote impacts above the self-cleaning capacity of the courses water.
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Bakri, Rowaida, Raafat Mohamed, Maimonah Alghanmi, Mohamed EL-Malky, and Mohammed El-Bali. "Isolation, Morphotyping, Molecular Characterization and Prevalence of Free-Living Amoebae from Different Water sources in Makkah city, Saudi Arabia." Journal of Umm Al-Qura University for Medical Sciences 7, no. 2 (October 20, 2021): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.54940/ms76736861.
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Free-living amoebae (FLA) are protozoa that can be found in a wide range of habitats around the world. Some species have been found to be pathogenic to humans in addition to their normal distribution. There is no research on the prevalence of FLA in various water sources in Makkah city that we are aware of. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of FLA from various water sources in a different part of the city. A total of 86 water samples were processed and cultured with Escherichia coli overlay on non-nutrient agar medium (NNA). Microscopic examination was used to examine the samples. Fifty (58.1%) of the 86 samples tested were positive for FLA. Amoebae identified by morphology belonging to the genus Acanthamoeba were 30 (34.9%) and that belonging to the genus Naegleria, were 20 (23.3%). Among the positive cases, 100% of ponds, 80% of air conditioner exhaust, 50% of water fountains and tape water filters, 40% of swimming pools and 33.3% of stored tanks. The absence of FLA in the examined wells was a striking feature. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on DNA showed a 229-bps fragment using Nelson primers and a 500-bps fragment using Acanthamoeba genus-specific primer pair JDP1/JDP2. In conclusion, Acanthamoeba spp. was the most predominant type of free-living amoeba and more prevalent in ponds water absent in wells as shown by culture, microscopy and PCR.
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Raftowicz, Magdalena, Magdalena Kalisiak-Mędelska, and Mirosław Struś. "The Implementation of CSA Model in Aquaculture Management in Poland." Sustainability 13, no. 3 (January 25, 2021): 1242. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13031242.
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Community Supported Agriculture (CSA) is an alternative form of distributing agricultural products, including fish, consistent with the model of food supply chain shortening. It extends beyond the traditional model of profit maximization and aims at strengthening local interactions with food consumers. The purpose of this article is to assess the feasibility of implementing the CSA model in the Polish carp market, representing the dominant aquaculture product. The research focused on the potential identified on the supply and demand sides of the carp market. The source material was collected through a pilot two-track empirical study conducted in 2019 in the Barycz Valley, where the largest complex of carp breeding ponds is located in Poland, and in Europe. We propose that the following CSA model of direct sales can become a source of specific benefits in the economic, social, and environmental dimensions for the key stakeholders of the supply chain, (i.e., carp producers and consumers). The research results show that in the case of carp production in Poland, CSA may turn out a desirable support for the sale of fish in the future; however, the existing conditions are not yet fully favourable for its development.
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de Souza Suguiura, Igor Massahiro, Rafaela Macagnan, Aline Myuki Omori, Elder Luis Buck, Josiane Aniele Scarpassa, Lucienne Garcia Pretto-Giordano, Laurival Antônio Vilas-Boas, Zoilo Pires de Camargo, Eiko Nakagawa Itano, and Mario Augusto Ono. "First report of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis infection in fish." Medical Mycology 58, no. 6 (November 27, 2019): 737–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mmy/myz120.
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Abstract The thermodimorphic fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis is the etiological agent of paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM), a deep mycosis endemic in Latin American countries that affects mainly male rural workers. Infection by P. brasiliensis has also been reported in several species of terrestrial animals; however, the capacity of the fungus to infect aquatic organisms is poorly known. The aim of this study was to detect P. brasiliensis in a fish species, Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), the most farmed and widely distributed fish in endemic areas for human PCM in Brazil. As a first step, the humoral immune response against the fungus was evaluated in an experimental group of three fish immunized with inactivated P. brasiliensis yeast cells. For the seroepidemiological study, serum samples of Nile tilapia raised in cages (n = 109) and in ponds (n = 105), collected from a fish slaughterhouse, were analyzed for P. brasiliensis antibodies by ELISA using gp43 as antigen. All the inoculated fish produced antibodies against the fungus. The seropositivity observed in fish raised in cages and ponds was 17.4 and 5.7%, respectively. Due to the higher seropositivity observed in caged fish, 100 tissue samples (encephalon, liver, and kidney), from another group of tilapia raised in cages, were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR; Pb-ITSR and Pb-ITSE). Three tissue samples (liver n = 1, kidney n = 1, and enchepahlon n = 1) from three different fish resulted positive to PCR. This is the first report to show serological and molecular evidence of P. brasiliensis infection in a fish species.
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Rojahn, Jack, Dianne Gleeson, and Elise M. Furlan. "Monitoring post-release survival of the northern corroboree frog, Pseudophryne pengilleyi, using environmental DNA." Wildlife Research 45, no. 7 (2018): 620. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr17179.
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Context Translocations are becoming an increasingly important conservation tool to combat rising levels of species extinction. Unfortunately, many translocation efforts fail; yet, the timing and cause of failure often remain unknown. Monitoring individuals in the days and weeks following release can provide valuable information on their capacity to survive this initial hurdle. In Australia, breeding programs have been established for the endangered northern corroboree frog, Pseudophryne pengilleyi, to enable reintroduction to the wild via captive-reared individuals, typically, early life stages such as eggs or juvenile frogs that cannot be monitored via traditional survey methods that target adult frogs (e.g. shout–response). Environmental DNA (eDNA) detects trace amounts of DNA that organisms release into their environment and could provide a means to infer population persistence for wildlife releases and translocations. Aims In the present study, we aim to develop an eDNA assay capable of detecting both sexes of P. pengilleyi across multiple life stages, and use it to monitor their survival. Methods An eDNA assay was developed to target the two corroboree frog species (P. pengilleyi and P. corroboree, the southern corroboree frog) and was tested for its sensitivity and specificity in silico and in vitro. Pseudophryne pengilleyi eggs were released into three naturally occurring ponds and water samples were, subsequently, collected from each pond on several occasions over a period of 78 days. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to detect P. pengilleyi eDNA from water samples. Key Results The developed assay was shown to be sensitive and specific to corroboree frogs. eDNA monitoring of reintroduced P. pengilleyi detected the species’ DNA at three of three release ponds and DNA remained detectable until at least 78 days post-release at two of three ponds. Conclusions We show how the development of a corroboree frog-specific assay allowed us to monitor the post-release survival of P. pengilleyi in naturally occurring pools. Implications eDNA surveys may provide a useful tool to monitor post-release survival of translocated populations in a non-invasive manner, with the potential to identify the timing and causes of failure. Such knowledge can be used to inform the management of translocated populations and future release strategies.
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Khabzhokov, Aslan B., Safarbi Ch Kazanchev, Mukhamed M. Shakhmurzov, Oleg O. Getokov, and Lyudmila A. Kazancheva. "ECOLOGICAL AND BIOLOGICAL FEATURES OF THE NEKTONIC COMMUNITY OF CARP FISH AND PROSPECTS FOR ITS PRODUCTION." South of Russia: ecology, development 13, no. 3 (October 9, 2018): 167–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.18470/1992-1098-2018-3-167-175.
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Aim. The aim is to study some of the bio-ecological and morpho-physiological features of the main species of cultivated carp fish, the influence of a complex of biological methods of intensification on the growth and yield of bioproducts. Methods. Frontal method was used to obtain larvae from mirror and scaly carp species. Hydro-chemical and hydro-biological studies of water bodies, establishment of qualitative and quantitative criteria for the main groups of the trophic chain were carried out according to the existing methodology. Results. To clarify the growth characteristics of scaly and mirror carp fish under different growing conditions, we conducted experiments on their separate farming in four ponds. According to the planned experiment, from June 1, carps in ponds number 3 and 4 were fed with artificial fodders. From the first days of farming, scaly carp had a higher rate of growth, ahead of the same age mirror carps almost one and a half times. Since the beginning of feeding, the ratio in the growth rate of carp of different groups has changed dramatically, scaly carp with additional feeding increased the average weight by 8.6 g, while the mirror ones by 10.3 g over the same period. Conclusions. From the analysis of the experiments carried out, it follows that in the first year of life scaly carp have a higher growth rate on natural diet compared to the mirror ones by 16%, and in the second year, by 9% (P>0.999). Consequently, for intensive fish farming with the use of additional fodder, it is possible to recommend both scaly and mirror species of carp.
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Ginantaka, Aditia. "PENGUKURAN KINERJA RANTAI PASOK KOMODITAS IKAN BANDENG BEKU DENGAN PENDEKATAN SCOR." JURNAL PERTANIAN 8, no. 2 (October 30, 2017): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.30997/jp.v8i2.1054.
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Produk murah, berkualitas dan cepat merupakan harapan setiap konsumen. Mekanisme rantai pasok yang baik dapat menjamin kelancaran arus komoditas pertanian dan perikanan sejak dari unit budidaya (farm) hingga meja makan (table) konsumen. Sektor perikanan budidaya tambak seperti tambak ikan bandeng merupakan penyumbang ekspor perikanan indonesia. Pengelolaan sistem rantai pasok dilakukan dalam rangka memuaskan konsumen akhir, sehingga mampu menjaga daya tahan serta meningkatkan daya saing produk ikan bandeng beku. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan pengukuran kinerja rantai pasok ikan bandeng beku melalui pendekatan SCOR dengan menggunakan metrik kinerja yang telah ditetapkan dalam supply chain council. Disamping itu penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk melakukan benchmarking berdasarkan target perbaikan perusahaan. Berdasarkan hasil pengukuran, diketahui bahwa kinerja rantai pasok produk bandeng beku saat ini masih sebesar 70, 36 %, dan sebagian besar masih berada dibawah nilai benchmark. Perbaikan kinerja dilakukan dengan mendefinisikan secara mendetail setiap proses pada level 1 hingga rangkaian proses pada level 3.Kata kunci: bandeng, kinerja, perikanan, rantai pasok. PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT OF SUPPLY CHAIN COMMODITIES BANDENG FROZEN USING SCOR APPROACH ABSTRACTCheap, quality and fast products are every customer's expectation. A good supply chain mechanism can ensure the smooth flow of agricultural and fishery commodities from farming units to consumer tables. Fishing aquaculture sectors such as milkfish ponds are the contributors of Indonesian fishery exports. Supply chain management system is done in order to satisfy the final consumer, so as to maintain endurance and improve the competitiveness of frozen milkfish products. This study aims to measure the performance of frozen milkfish supply chain through SCOR approach by using performance metrics that have been established in the supply chain council. Besides, this research also aims to perform benchmarking based on company improvement targets. Based on the measurement results, it is known that the performance of supply chain of frozen milkfish products is still 70, 36%, and most of them are still below the benchmark value. Performance improvements are made by defining in detail every process on level 1 to a series of processes at level 3.
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Norman, D. J., J. M. F. Yuen, R. Resendiz, and J. Boswell. "Characterization of Erwinia Populations from Nursery Retention Ponds and Lakes Infecting Ornamental Plants in Florida." Plant Disease 87, no. 2 (February 2003): 193–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2003.87.2.193.
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Water shortages in Florida are occurring due to intense utilization of the aquifer system by municipalities and agriculture, and because of continued deficits in annual rainfall. Water districts therefore, are, recommending the use of recycled irrigation water, stormwater runoff, reclaimed municipal sewage water, and lakes for agricultural use. With recycled water, however, there is potential for both introducing and concentrating plant pathogens. In Florida, Erwinia soft-rot bacteria (synonym Pectobacterium) cause extensive crop losses in ornamental plant production. To determine Erwinia spp. population levels, samples were taken monthly for 1 year from four hypereutropic lakes and eight nursery retention ponds. Seventy-seven Erwinia strains were collected by both direct plating and by an enrichment process. With the direct plating method, 0 to 29 CFU/ml were detected on sodium polypectate medium. Significantly higher populations of Erwinia were detected in retention ponds of nurseries that were actively reutilizing their water. Erwinia strains were identified to species by fatty acid analysis and biochemical tests. Strains were further characterized by repetitive element-polymerase chain reaction (rep-PCR) and compared with 120 strains of Erwinia collected from ornamentals over a 17-year period in Florida. Using rep-PCR, most strains were clustered into two heterogeneous populations of E. chrysanthemi and E. carotovora subsp. carotovora in a 1:2 and a 1:4 ratio for isolates from ornamentals and from water, respectively. Within each population of E. chrysanthemi and E. carotovora, genetically different subpopulations could be identified that contained high percentages of Erwinia strains from water sources. Even though genetic differences exist, 99% of the strains from water sources were found to be pathogenic on dieffenbachia. Without water treatment of irrigation and stormwater runoff, there is a potential for both introducing and concentrating Erwinia populations within these water sources.
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GREENE, S. K., E. R. DALY, E. A. TALBOT, L. J. DEMMA, S. HOLZBAUER, N. J. PATEL, T. A. HILL, et al. "Recurrent multistate outbreak of Salmonella Newport associated with tomatoes from contaminated fields, 2005." Epidemiology and Infection 136, no. 2 (May 16, 2007): 157–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095026880700859x.
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SUMMARYSalmonella Newport causes more than an estimated 100 000 infections annually in the United States. In 2002, tomatoes grown and packed on the eastern shore of Virginia contaminated with a pan-susceptible S. Newport strain caused illness in 510 patients in 26 states. In July–November 2005, the same strain caused illness in at least 72 patients in 16 states. We conducted a case-control study during the 2005 outbreak, enrolling 29 cases and 140 matched neighbourhood controls. Infection was associated with eating tomatoes (matched odds ratio 9·7, 95% confidence interval 3·3–34·9). Tomatoes were traced back to the eastern shore of Virginia, where the outbreak strain was isolated from pond water used to irrigate tomato fields. Two multistate outbreaks caused by one rare strain, and identification of that strain in irrigation ponds 2 years apart, suggest persistent contamination of tomato fields. Further efforts are needed to prevent produce contamination on farms and throughout the food supply chain.
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Pishchenko, Elena Vital’evna, Irina Vladimirovna Moruzi, Valentina Sergeevna Osipova, and Oksana Andreyevna Vorobyova. "Development of the zooplankton community in the growing ponds of the Novosibirsk region when growing carp fingerlings using the probiotic “Sibmos-PRO”." Rybovodstvo i rybnoe hozjajstvo (Fish Breeding and Fisheries), no. 9 (September 1, 2020): 44–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/sel-09-2009-05.
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Quantitative characteristics of the zooplankton community in cyprinid growth ponds were studied. As a method of stimulating the growth and development of hydrobionts, the introduction of probiotic into water and feed was used. It was taken into account that zooplankton is the main and significant part of the natural food base for young carp grown in ponds. At the early stages of ontogenesis, the activity of digestive enzymes in carp is extremely low, the larva practically does not assimilate high-molecular compounds [7]. At the same time, zooplankton is a secondary link in the food chain of aquatic ecosystems, and plays an important role in their functioning and structure. Changes in plankton fauna can lead to modification of the aquatic ecosystem [18]. The development and existence of zooplankton pond communities during the growing season is influenced by a combination of abiotic and biotic factors, in particular: the composition and abundance of ichthyofauna, fluctuations in the water level in the reservoir, temperature, «flowering» of water, etc. Due to a set of indicators, and the strengthening or weakening of certain factors, it is possible to observe changes in the seasonal dynamics of zooplankton communities, which are more uneven than progressive. In the conducted research on the use of the probiotic Sibmos-Pro-antimicrobial feed concentrate based on mananoligosaccharides (obtained from yeast cell walls) in combination with the bacteria Bacillus Subtilis and Bacillus Licheniformis. Its introduction was carried out both in feed and in feed and water. Studies have shown that, judging by the productivity of carp and zooplankton biomass, the probiotic is absorbed by hydrobionts and affects the increase in the number and productivity of crustaceans. The level of development of the natural food supply increases, which ensures an increase in fish production. The structure of the zooplankton community changes under the influence of probiotics.
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Putri Suryani, Sang Ayu Made, Ni Made Darmadi, Made Goura Premananda, and Gusti Ngurah Permana. "Vertical Infections and Prevalence of Viral Nervous Necrosis (VNN) in Milkfish (Chanos chanos)." Journal of Aquaculture and Fish Health 11, no. 3 (September 2, 2022): 345–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jafh.v11i3.32798.
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Milkfish juvenile is the leading fishery species in Bali with an export value in 2019. The increase in demand is related to the intensification of aquaculture which causes various diseases, especially Viral Nervous Necrosis (VNN). VNN infection in juveniles has been through water media. The VNN infection in milkfish may occur vertically. This study aims to determine the vertical infection and prevalence of VNN in milkfish. The VNN examination was carried out using the reverse transcription real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (rRT-PCR) method. This research was conducted at BKIPM Denpasar. Samples were milkfish eggs taken from 15 spawning ponds in Gerogak District, Buleleng Regency. The results showed 3 positive samples from the 15 samples tested. A4 VNN positive sample with Ct 39.29 showed a virus concentration of 146 copies, Sample F positive for VNN with Ct 38.79 showing the 1978 copies of virus concentration, Sample G was positive for VNN with Ct 39.16 showing a virus concentration of 1588. Positive results of VNN examination on milkfish eggs with real time PCR indicates the presence of vertical transmission of VNN. It is also supported by measurement of water quality in milkfish spawning ponds shows the parameters of temperature, DO and pH in optimal and appropriate conditions standard. The results of the observation of clinical symptoms also show the condition of milkfish in a healthy state seen from swimming behavior that does not show symptoms of VNN infection. there are 3 positive samples in sample A4 with a virus concentration of 1,466 copies, sample F with a virus concentration of 1,978 copies and sample G with a virus concentration of 1,588. Detected VNN in eggs milkfish showed vertical VNN infection. Prevalence of infection. Milkfish egg against VNN shows a value of 20% which is included in the frequent infection category.
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Shojaie, Parisa, Zohreh Mashak, and Valliolah Koohdar. "Molecular Detection of Norwalk Virus in Carp Fish and Shrimp Ponds in Khuzestan Province, Iran by RT-PCR Method." International Journal of Enteric Pathogens 9, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/ijep.2021.02.
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Background: Norwalk virus is one of the most common causes of viral gastroenteritis. The aquatic products are potential sources of contamination with this virus. Objectives: The main objective of the study was to investigate the presence of the Norwalk virus in different aquatic animals in Khuzestan provinces, Iran. Materials and Methods: A total of 40 pieces of fish (silver carp, common carp, big head, and grass carp species) and 10 pieces of shrimps were caught from ponds, and the samples were transferred to the laboratory in ice bags. After the separation of the intestine, the content of the intestine was extracted using two sterile filters. Then, the supernatant was used for reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using Calicivirus-specific primers (p289/ p290). Then, Norwalk virus-specific primers (NVp36/NVp35) were detected in Calicivirus positive samples. Results: The results showed 8% (4 samples) and 6% (3 samples) of the samples were infected with Calicivirus (p289/p290 genes) and Norwalk virus (NVp36/NVp35 genes), respectively. Calicivirus positive samples included 2 common carp, 1 silver carp, and 1 shrimp. Norwalk virus-positive samples included 2 common carp and 1 shrimp. In other words, the highest prevalence of virus was observed in aquatic fish feeding from the bottom of the pool. Due to the fact that this species is bred with other species and considering that this virus lives in the gastrointestinal tract, the ingestion of feces of other infected organisms can lead to the increase of this virus in the digestive system of carp. Conclusion: Therefore, due to the importance of Norwalk as a zoonotic agent and the possibility of human infection through consumption of aquatic products, preventive measures such as not using animal manure for fertilization and preventing the growth of phytoplankton in aquaculture ponds and cooking meat properly are suggested.
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Rahman, MM, N. Tabassum, SA Sabur, DZ Ethen, and EJ Mahfuza. "Value chain analysis of tilapia fish seed in some selected areas of Mymensingh district in Bangladesh." Progressive Agriculture 30, no. 4 (April 29, 2020): 387–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v30i4.46898.
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Fisheries sector plays an important role in the economic development of Bangladesh due to its commercial and nutritional value. In Bangladesh, tilapia is produced in a wide range of culture systems, including small-scale, low-input, rural ponds, semi-intensive, intensive and commercial operations. Fish seed is the major input for producing tilapia. So this study is an attempt to examine the prevailing tilapia fish seed value chain based on primary data collected from 45 respondents from the Mymensingh District. Fifteen (15) hatchery owners, ten (10) paikers, ten (10) wholesalers and ten (10) retailers were selected from the study areas. All these value chain actors perform their marketing functions in Dhalla bazar in Trishal, Gouripur bazar in Gouripur, Ishwarganj bazar in Ishwarganj and Digharkanda mor in Mymensingh Sadar. The data were collected through the direct interview method with the help of pretested questionnaires during September to October 2018. The total cost per 10000 pieces tilapia fingerlings was Tk. 2133.28 and net return was calculated at Tk. 1573.85 by the hatchery owners. In the value chains, the highest sale price per 10000 pieces fingerlings received by the retailer was Tk. 7220.13 and the lowest sales price received by paiker was Tk.5185.80 for Tilapia fish seed. Among all the intermediaries, the highest value addition was 36.32 percent by paiker and the lowest value addition was 18.37 percent by retailer. However, net margin was higher for paikers (Tk. 1231.84) and lower for retailers (Tk. 760.97).
Progressive Agriculture 30 (4): 387-394, 2019