Relevant bibliographies by topics / CGE

Academic literature on the topic 'CGE'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 6 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "CGE"

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Carmo-Calado, Luís, Manuel Jesús Hermoso-Orzáez, Daniel Diaz-Perete, José La Cal-Herrera, Paulo Brito, and Julio Terrados-Cepeda. "Experimental Research on the Production of Hydrogen-Rich Synthesis Gas via the Air-Gasification of Olive Pomace: A Comparison between an Updraft Bubbling Bed and a Downdraft Fixed Bed." Hydrogen 4, no. 4 (October 1, 2023): 726–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/hydrogen4040046.

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The present study compares the performance of bubbling-bed updraft and a fixed-bed downdraft gasification systems for producing hydrogen-rich (H2) syngas from olive pomace on a semi-industrial scale. The focus is on examining the effects of temperature and efficiency ratio (ER) on the composition, low heat value (LHV), carbon conversion efficiency (CCE), and cold gas efficiency (CGE) of the produced syngas. The results presented for the fixed bed show the concentration of H2 (15.6–16.52%), CGE (58.99–66.80%), CCE (69.07–71.86%), and LHV (4.82–5.70 MJ/Nm3). The CGE reaches a maximum of 66.80% at a temperature of 700 °C and an ER of 0.20, while the syngas yield (2.35 Nm3/kg) presents a maximum at a temperature 800 °C and an ER of 0.21, with a tendency to decrease with the increase in the temperature. For the bubbling fluidized bed, results were shown for the concentration of H2 (12.54–12.97%), CGE (70.48–89.51%), CCE (75.83–78.49%), and LHV (6.10–6.93 MJ/Nm3), where, at a temperature of 700 °C and an ER of 0.23, the CGE is 89.51% and the LHV is 6.93 MJ/Nm3, with a tendency to decrease with the increase in the temperature, while the maximum syngas yield (2.52 Nm3/kg) occurs at a temperature of 800 °C and an ER of 0.23. Comparing the two gasification processes, the fixed bed has a higher concentration of H2 at all the temperatures and ERs of the experiments; however, the bubbling fluidized bed has a higher CGE. These findings have implications for applications involving syngas, such as energy production and chemical synthesis, and can guide process optimization and enhance energy efficiency. The information obtained can also contribute to emission mitigation strategies and improvements in syngas-based synthesis reactors.
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Ramadhani, Fatuma Jumapili, Dong-Ho Bak, Seong Hee Kang, Chul-hong Park, Sang hwa Park, Byung Yeoup Chung, and Hyoung-woo Bai. "The effects of centipedegrass extract on hair growth via promotion of anagen inductive activity." PLOS ONE 17, no. 3 (March 23, 2022): e0265532. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0265532.

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To investigate the CGE on hair growth and to explore the mechanism that is involved in the acceleration of anagen induction, we investigated the effects of CGE studied on cell proliferation and molecular mechanism in human hair dermal papilla cells (hDPCs) and keratinocytes (HaCaT cells). Additionally, hair growth evaluation was carried out following topical treatment of the dorsal skin of telogen C57BL/6 mice with CGE for 14 days. As result, CGE increased cell viability and ALP activity in hDPCs. Moreover, CGE increased the expression of catenin beta 1 (CTNNB1), ALP, sex-determining region Y-box 2 (SOX2), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) genes in hDPCs. CGE increased the expression of proteins such as ALP, β-catenin, and phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (pGSK3β), and protein kinase B (pAKT) in hDPCs. Furthermore, CGE induced the proliferation of HaCaT cells and up-regulated AKT-ERK-GSKβ-β-catenin signaling in HaCaT cells. Additionally, the anagen induction effects of CGE were confirmed on the telogen-anagen transition mice model. these findings demonstrated that CGE promoted the entering the growth phase of hair follicle via activation of β-catenin signaling pathways in vivo. Thus, this study suggests that CGE might be a potential therapeutic reagent for hair growth.
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Tsaadon, Lina, Ruth Kaplan-Kraicer, and Ruth Shalgi. "Myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate, but not Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, is the mediator in cortical granules exocytosis." REPRODUCTION 135, no. 5 (May 2008): 613–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep-07-0554.

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Sperm–egg fusion induces cortical granules exocytosis (CGE), a process that ensures the block to polyspermy. CGE can be induced independently by either a rise in intracellular calcium concentration or protein kinase C (PKC) activation. We have previously shown that myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate (MARCKS) cross-links filamentous actin (F-actin) and regulates its reorganization. This activity is reduced either by PKC-induced MARCKS phosphorylation (PKC pathway) or by its direct binding to calmodulin (CaM; CaM pathway), both inducing MARCKS translocation, F-actin reorganization, and CGE. Currently, we examine the involvement of Ca2+/CaM-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) and MARCKS in promoting CGE and show that PKC pathway can compensate for lack of Ca2+/CaM pathway. Microinjecting eggs with either overexpressed protein or complementary RNA of constitutively active αCaMKII triggered resumption of second meiotic division, but induced CGE of an insignificant magnitude compared with CGE induced by wt αCaMKII. Microinjecting eggs with mutant-unphosphorylatable MARCKS reduced the intensity of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate or ionomycin-induced CGE by 50%, indicating that phosphorylation of MARCKS by novel and/or conventional PKCs (n/cPKCs) is a pivotal event associated with CGE. Moreover, we were able to demonstrate cPKCs involvement in ionomycin-induced MARCKS translocation and CGE. These results led us to propose that MARCKS, rather than CaMKII, as a key mediator of CGE.
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Amirkhanian, Varoujan D., Shou-Kuan (Eric) Tsai, Zsolt Ronai, and Gene W. Stewart. "Genotyping Using CGE." Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News 35, no. 9 (May 1, 2015): 22–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/gen.35.09.11.

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Haque, Md Nazmul, Md Mohibbullah, Yong-Ki Hong, and Il Soo Moon. "Calotropis gigantea Promotes Neuritogenesis and Synaptogenesis through Activation of NGF-TrkA-Erk1/2 Signaling in Rat Hippocampal Neurons." American Journal of Chinese Medicine 46, no. 08 (January 2018): 1861–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x18500933.

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Calotropis gigantea (L.) R. Br (Apocynaceae) (commonly known as milkweed or crown flower) is a large shrub native to temperate regions of Asia, including China, Bangladesh and India and has a long history of use in traditional medicines. In this study, we investigated the neuromodulatory effects of the ethanol extracts of C. gigantea leaves (CGE) during synaptogenesis in the late stage of neuronal development and during early stage neuritogenesis in cultured rat hippocampal neurons. Maximum neuritogenic activity was achieved at a CGE concentration of 7.5[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g/ml. At this concentration, CGE facilitated the early development of cytoarchitecture, as evidenced by increases in morphometric parameters, such as, the numbers, lengths, and number of branches of initial neurites, axon and dendrites. During the synaptogenic stage (DIV 14), immunocytochemistry (ICC) showed that CGE upregulated synaptic vesicle 2 (SV2, a marker of axon terminals) and postsynaptic density-95 (PSD-95, a postsynaptic marker) and their colocalization. CGE upregulated nerve growth factor (NGF) and activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (Erk1/2), which is blocked by a TrkA-specific inhibitor suggesting the neuritogenic and synaptogenic potential of CGE was due to the activation of NGF-TrkA-Erk1/2 signaling. Moreover, UPLC of CGE did not detect stigmasterol, an active component of C. gigantea. However, the chloroform-methanol and ethyl acetate subfractions of CGE exhibited initial neuritogenic activity, suggesting that multiple active components were responsible for the neurotrophic-mimetic properties of CGE. Our data prove the neuromodulatory ability of CGE and provide a means of identifying new active phytochemicals with potential nootropic, preventative or therapeutic effects on the human brain.
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Amrullah, Shafwan, Sopyan Ali Rohman, Cyrilla Oktaviananda, and Fadhli Dzil Ikram. "Karakterisasi Proses Gasifikasi Menjadi Listrik Berbahan Baku Sampah Padat Perkotaan Menggunakan Reaktor Tipe Downdraft Di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat." Jurnal Pengendalian Pencemaran Lingkungan (JPPL) 4, no. 2 (October 3, 2022): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.35970/jppl.v4i2.1433.

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Indonesia is currently experiencing the problem of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW), energy and environmental crisis. Gasification by electric generator is the solution. This study about the design and characterization of the gasification reactor with MSW feed. This research was conducted by examining the effect of gasification temperature (550, 600, 650, 700, 750, 800, 850oC) and Air Fuel Ratio variations (0,5; 0,51; 0,53; 0,54; and 0,55). The variabel tes of temperature variations is syngas, FC, CGE,CCE, and scf. The AFR evaluated syngas and SCF. The result showed an increase the syngas levels with the increasing the gasification temperature, except CO2. The FC value increased(71% to 74%) and The CGE increases (77 to 97%). The CCE increases from 69% to 78% (550-650oC) and decreases again to 66% (850oC), and Scf decreased (4.5-0.5 kg/kWh). In the AFR variation, syngas levels increase with increasing AFR, but scf decreased (5.3 to 2).
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Škare, Marinko, and Saša Stjepanović. "HOW IMPORTANT ARE GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM MODELS FOR SMALL OPEN ECONOMIES – A CASE OF CROATIA." Technological and Economic Development of Economy 19, no. 2 (June 17, 2013): 331–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/20294913.2013.799612.

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This paper develops a general equilibrium model for the Republic of Croatia to evaluate CGE model use in macroeconomic management and forecasting. Since Croatia is a small open country subject to large external shock and growth constraints efficient macroeconomic management framework is fundamental. The lack of data prevents to follow historic economic variables over a longer period of time, which is why CGE models look as possible solution. CGE models use calibration to solve the problem of missing most macroeconomic variables. After developing the model, we use it to run different scenarios for economic policies using a CGE model for Croatia. Results show that CGE model can be an important instrument for policy makers in running macroeconomic policies for small open countries.
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Srimaroeng, Chutima, Atcharaporn Ontawong, Naruwan Saowakon, Pornpun Vivithanaporn, Anchalee Pongchaidecha, Doungporn Amornlerdpison, Sunhapas Soodvilai, and Varanuj Chatsudthipong. "Antidiabetic and Renoprotective Effects ofCladophora glomerataKützing Extract in Experimental Type 2 Diabetic Rats: A Potential Nutraceutical Product for Diabetic Nephropathy." Journal of Diabetes Research 2015 (2015): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/320167.

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Cladophora glomerataextract (CGE) has been shown to exhibit antigastric ulcer, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, hypotensive, and antioxidant activities. The present study investigated antidiabetic and renoprotective effects of CGE in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rats. The rats were induced by high-fat diet and streptozotocin and supplemented daily with 1 g/kg BW of CGE for 12 weeks. The renal transport function was assessed by the uptake ofpara-aminohippurate mediated organic anion transporters 1 (Oat1) and 3 (Oat3), using renal cortical slices. These two transporters were known to be upregulated by insulin and PKCζwhile they were downregulated by PKCαactivation. Compared to T2DM, CGE supplemented rats had significantly improved hyperglycaemia, hypertriglyceridemia, insulin resistance, and renal morphology. The baseline uptake ofpara-aminohippurate was not different among experimental groups and was correlated with Oat1 and 3 mRNA expressions. Nevertheless, while insulin-stimulated Oat1 and 3 functions in renal slices were blunted in T2DM rats, they were improved by CGE supplementation. The mechanism of CGE-restored insulin-stimulated Oat1 and 3 functions was clearly shown to be associated with upregulated PKCζand downregulated PKCαexpressions and activations. These findings indicate that CGE has antidiabetic effect and suggest it may prevent diabetic nephropathy through PKCs in a T2DM rat model.
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Alavalapati, Janaki RR, Wiktor L. Adamowicz, and William A. White. "A comparison of economic impact assessment methods: the case of forestry developments in Alberta." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 28, no. 5 (May 1, 1998): 711–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x98-049.

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Economic impacts of forestry developments in Alberta are estimated using two interindustry approaches. The results suggest that estimates derived from input-output (I-O) models differ from those of computable general equilibrium (CGE) models. Employment and GDP estimates derived from CGE models are much smaller than those of I-O models. Unlike I-O estimates, estimates derived from CGE models are not unidirectional because of general equilibrium effects. The results also indicate that CGE models provide greater flexibility and have more potential for forest policy analysis when compared with I-O models, but they should be used with caution.
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Lukashik, S. P., I. A. Karpov, and O. V. Krasko. "Hepatitis C Infections with Cryoglobulinemia: Features and Symptoms." Doctor.Ru 20, no. 4 (2021): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.31550/1727-2378-2021-20-4-26-32.

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Study Objective: To study the incidence of cryoglobulinemia (CGE) in chronic hepatitis C infection (hepatitis C infection) and to analyse the characteristics of chronic hepatitis C infection with CGE in Belarusian patients. Study Design: Open non-randomised observational study. Materials and Methods. The study included 773 patients with chronic hepatitis C infection (in Minsk). The patients had their anti-hepatitis C antibodies, chronic hepatitis C RNA and virus genotype measured; blood cryoglobulins identified; demographic and epidemiological data collected; and complete blood assay and biochemical blood assay performed. Study Results. 282 (36.5%) subjects had positive blood cryoglobulins test, while 491 (63.5%) patients had negative result. CGE and non-CGE groups had comparable sex, BMI and infection duration parameters. CGE patients had statistically more surgeries (р < 0.001), clinical syndromes (including asthenovegetative, arthralgic and dyspeptic syndromes, р < 0.001 in all cases), hepatic fibrosis F3 (р < 0.05), hepatic cirrhosis (р < 0.001), and extrahepatic diseases (EHDs); more often they had genotype 3 of hepatitis C infection (р < 0.05) and low replicative activity of the virus (р < 0.05). Conclusion. The incidence of CGE in the study population made 36.5%. CGE patients had more pronounced hepatic process chronization, frequenter EHDs, more genotype 3 cases, and lower replicative activity of the virus. Keywords: hepatitis С, hepatic cirrhosis, cryoglobulinemia, extrahepatic diseases.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "CGE"

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Lechner, Julia. "Urban CGE Modeling: An Introduction." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2011. http://epub.wu.ac.at/3247/1/sre%2Ddisc%2D2011_04.pdf.

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Cities are usually confronted with a large variety of economic development choices. With growing environmental concern as well as rising income and wealth inequalities, assessment of the impacts of such choices is likely to gain in importance. Consequently, the demand for adequate assessment tools will grow. Computable general equilibrium (CGE) models analyze issues of resource allocation and income distribution in market economies. They have become a widely accepted tool for policy assessment over the past two decades but are currently still primarily a field for specialists. This is particularly distinctive in the case of urban CGE models, which are the focus of this paper. (author's abstract)
Series: SRE - Discussion Papers
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Hubic, Amela. "A financial CGE model for Luxembourg." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209083.

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Luxembourg is one of the most successful financial centers in the world. Initially associated with international syndicated loans, euro-bonds and euro-currency markets, Luxembourg has developed as a center for private banking and is currently the second largest center for the domiciliation of investment funds in the world after the US - with a portfolio equivalent to about sixty times the country’s GDP -, and the first captive reinsurance market in the European Union. As in many other financial centers, the interbank market plays an important role. This partly reflects intra-group operations of foreign banks using their Luxembourg branches and subsidiaries to adjust their liquidity position. More generally, Luxembourg has attracted foreign banks seeking to benefit from its favorable regulatory framework, political stability, language skills of the local workforce and the agglomeration of specialized skills in accounting and legal services.

The importance of the financial sector in Luxembourg implies that a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model with explicit modeling of the financial sector is indispensable in order to properly take into account the interaction between the financial and the real sector in the economy and the interconnectedness between different financial institutional sectors (e.g. commercial banks and investment funds). Explicit modeling of the financial sector also allows for an analysis of how the economy might respond to financial shocks.

This dissertation contributes to the literature by developing two analytical tools:

1.\
Doctorat en Sciences économiques et de gestion
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Bohlin, Lars. "Taxation of intermediate goods : a CGE analysis." Doctoral thesis, Örebro universitet, Handelshögskolan vid Örebro universitet, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-11902.

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This dissertation is concerned with tax rates for the use of commodities in general, and energy in particular. Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) models are used to analyze the normative question of whether the tax rate for intermediate use by firms should be the same as the tax rate for final consumption by households. To answer this question, a distinction needs to be made between fiscal taxes for the purpose of raising revenue for the government, and Pigovian taxes for the purpose of changing behaviour. Concerning fiscal taxes, firms should not pay taxes on their use of inputs if the tax rates in final consumption are at their optimal level. If the tax rate for households is above the optimal level, intermediate use in firms should be taxed in order to increase the price of other commodities and reduce the distortion of relative prices. Essay 1 ascertains what factors determine the optimal relation between the tax rate for final consumption by households and intermediate use by firms. Essay 2 analyses Swedish energy taxes from the perspective of reducing global emission of CO2. It is found that the welfare maximizing tax rates are equal for households and firms not participating in emission trading, while firms that participate in emission trading should have a zero tax rate. Essays 3 and 4 deal with methodological issues. Essay 3 derives a new method for estimation of symmetric input-output tables from supply and use tables. This method solves the problem of negative coefficients, makes it possible to use both the industry and commodity technology assumptions simultaneously and enables the commodity technology assumption to be used even when the number of commodities is larger than the number of industries. Essay 4 describes the model used in the first two essays. The price structure developed here makes it possible to take into account price differences between different purchasers other than differences in tax rates. This essay also makes a comparison between the Swedish implementation of this model and other Swedish CGE-models used to analyse climate policy and energy taxation.
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Oñate, Sofía. "Valoración de empresas CGE método de múltiplos." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2015. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/134543.

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Tesis para optar al grado de Magíster en Finanzas
Autor, no autoriza el acceso a texto completo de su documento
El siguiente proyecto de título conducente al grado de Magister de Finanzas, tiene por finalidad realizar la valoración económica y financiera de la empresa Compañía General de Electricidad S.A., CGE, a través del método de “valoración por múltiplos”. Inicialmente este trabajo describirá en forma breve las técnicas de este método y el de “flujo de caja descontado”. Posteriormente se realizará un análisis que va de lo general a lo más detallado iniciando con la descripción de la empresa y la industria, para luego estimar la estructura de capital de la empresa, costo patrimonial y el análisis operacional del negocio y la industria. En una segunda etapa y ya con la información base calculada se procederá a proyectar los EERR y flujos de caja libre con el objetivo de realizar la valoración económica de la empresa, determinando así el precio de acción. Posteriormente, se aplicará el método de valoración por múltiplos mediante la utilización de los principales ratios.
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Vaittinen, Risto. "Trade policies and integration evaluations with CGE-models /." Helsinki : Helsinki School of Economics, 2004. http://helecon3.hkkk.fi/pdf/diss/a235.pdf.

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Núñez, Díaz Pablo. "Valoración de empresa CGE S.A. mediante método de múltiplos." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2015. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/134539.

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Tesis para optar al grado de Magíster en Finanzas
El presente estudio se enfoca en la búsqueda del valor justo del Grupo CGE utilizando empresas comparables a través del método de valorización por múltiplos. A partir de este método se pretende cuantificar el valor de los activos operacionales de la compañía mediante el uso de ratios financieros de empresas reconocidas del sector energético a nivel mundial, así obtener un aproximado del valor de la empresa CGE como grupo se define como uno de los conglomerados energéticos más importantes del país, concentrando su actividad en el sector eléctrico y gasífero, desde Arica a Puerto Williams en Chile, en 5 importantes provincias en Argentina y en 26 departamentos en Colombia, a través de la distribución de gas licuado. A través de sus filiales, participa en los mercados de transmisión y distribución de energía eléctrica; de almacenamiento, transporte y distribución de gas; y en los servicios y productos asociados a todas esas actividades. En cuanto a los productos que maneja tanto en el sector eléctrico y gasífero son de baja diferenciación, el primero considerado prácticamente como un monopolio natural mientras que el sector gasífero presenta una alta competencia enfocada al costo y al servicio post venta dado el bajo nivel de diferenciación que prestan sus productos (GNL y GLP). En cuanto a la composición de los ingresos a Septiembre 2014 se componen de un 46% por sector eléctrico y 44% atribuibles al sector gasífero, el restante corresponde a prestación de servicios mayoritariamente relacionados al sector eléctrico. Se definieron las empresas comparables a través de una revisión de las empresas más importantes a nivel mundial en el sector energético para posteriormente definir los ratios a utilizar, escogiéndose los más significativos acorde a la naturaleza del negocio y a través de los comparables se obtiene un proxy del Valor Justo de la compañía. al 30 de Septiembre 2014.
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Pingel, Karl. "Valoración de empresas CGE : método de flujo de caja." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2015. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/134628.

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Tesis para optar al grado de Magíster en Finanzas
Autor no autoriza acceso a texto completo de su documento.
El siguiente proyecto de título conducente al grado de Magister de Finanzas, tiene por finalidad realizar la valoración económica y financiera de la empresa Compañía General de Electricidad S.A., CGE, a través de los métodos de “flujo de caja descontado” y “valoración por múltiplos”. Inicialmente este trabajo describirá en forma breve las técnicas de ambos métodos. Posteriormente se realizará un análisis que va de lo general a lo más detallado iniciando con la descripción de la empresa y la industria, para luego estimar la estructura de capital de la empresa, costo patrimonial y el análisis operacional del negocio y la industria. En una segunda etapa y ya con la información base calculada se procederá a proyectar los EERR y flujos de caja libre con el objetivo de realizar la valoración económica de la empresa, determinando así el precio de acción. Posteriormente, se aplicará el método de valoración por múltiplos mediante la utilización de los principales ratios
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Azdan, M. Donny. "Water policy reform in Jakarta, Indonesia : a CGE analysis /." The Ohio State University, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1373993667.

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Acharya, Sanjaya. "Pro-poor growth and liberalisation CGE policy modelling for Nepal /." Rotterdam : Rotterdam : Erasmus Universiteit ; Erasmus University [Host], 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1765/8139.

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Punt, Cecilia. "Modelling multi-product industries in computable general equilibrium (CGE) models." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/79959.

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Thesis (PhD (Agric))--Stellenbosch University, 2013.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: It is common practice in computable general equilibrium (CGE) models that the output composition of multi-product industries remains constant despite changes in relative prices of products. The results of any scenario will show that products produced by a single industry will still be produced in the same ratio to each other as reflected by the base data. The objective of the study was to develop a CGE model for South Africa in which this assumption of fixed composition of output can be selectively relaxed. In order to allow industries to adjust their output composition in response to changes in relative prices of products a Constant Elasticity of Transformation (CET) function and the related first order condition were incorporated into an existing CGE model. This alternative specification of an output transformation function in the model enables the modeller to allow selected multi-product industries to increase production of products that show greater price increases relative to other products. The first order condition of the CET function determines the optimal combination of products for each industry. With the inclusion of the CET function there is a trade-off between theoretical rigour of the model and realism of the results, therefore an assumption of input-output separability was introduced as a way of recognising that the inclusion of a CET function violates the assumption that prices in the same row of a social accounting matrix (SAM) are equivalent. The model was calibrated with a SAM for South Africa for 2007 that was developed for purposes of this study. Set controls were included in the model to generalise the model in order that it can be calibrated with data from other countries as well. The SAM for South Africa contains provincial level information in the accounts for agriculture, labour and households. The agricultural industries are defined by geographical area, hence these industries are particularly good examples of multi-product industries that respond to relative price changes when determining production levels of individual products. The adjusted CGE model was used to analyse four scenarios focusing on selected issues mentioned in the National Development Plan for South Africa released by the National Planning Commission in 2011. The scenarios relate to increases in fruit exports as a result of global positioning, technical efficiency improvements for the agricultural sector through continued research and development, factor productivity growth in government and selected services sectors resulting from fighting corruption and curbing strikes, and augmenting the supply of skilled labour through an improvement in the quality of education. The results of the adjusted model show the desired effect: producers produce relatively more of the products for which they can get a relatively higher price and vice versa. This holds true regardless of whether the level of industry output increases or decreases. The impact of the model adjustment and the effects of changes in the levels of elasticities and choice of variables to close the model were analysed as part of the sensitivity analyses. The impact of changes in the functional form, elasticities and model closures on results, are different for each scenario.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Dit is erkende praktyk in berekenbare algemene ewewigsmodelle dat die verhoudings waarin produkte tot mekaar geproduseer word deur multi-produk industrieë konstant gehou word, ongeag veranderings in relatiewe pryse van produkte. Die resultate van enige senario sal dus aandui dat die produkte wat deur 'n enkele industrie geproduseer word steeds in dieselfde verhouding tot mekaar geproduseer sal word, soos weerspieël in die basis data. Die doel van die studie was om 'n berekenbare algemene ewewigsmodel vir Suid-Afrika te ontwikkel wat die aanname dat die samestelling van elke industrie se uitset onveranderbaar is, selektief kan verslap. Om toe te laat dat industrieë die samestelling van uitset kan aanpas namate die relatiewe pryse van produkte verander, is 'n Konstante Elastisiteit van Transformasie funksie en die gepaardgaande eerste orde voorwaarde in 'n bestaande berekenbare algemene ewewigsmodel ingesluit. Die eerste orde voorwaarde bepaal die optimale verhoudings waarin produkte geproduseer moet word. Met die insluiting van die Konstante Elastisiteit van Transformasie funksie word teoretiese korrektheid van die model ingeboet in ruil vir meer realistiese resultate, dus is die aanname van inset-uitset onafhanklikheid gemaak en daardeur word ook erken dat as gevolg van die insluiting van die Konstante Elastisiteit van Transformasie funksie word daar nie meer voldoen aan die aanname data alle pryse in dieselfde ry van die sosiale rekeninge matriks (SRM) aan mekaar gelyk is nie. Die model is gekalibreer met 'n SRM vir Suid-Afrika vir 2007 wat vir doeleindes van die studie ontwikkel is. Deur die insluiting van kontroles vir versamelings is die model veralgemeen sodat die model ook met data van ander lande gekalibreer kan word. Die SRM vir Suid-Afrika se rekeninge vir landbou, arbeid en huishoudings bevat inligting op provinsiale vlak. Die landbou industrieë is volgens geografiese gebiede afgebaken en is dus besonder goeie voorbeelde van multi-produk industrieë wat reageer op relatiewe prys veranderings wanneer die produksievlakke van afsonderlike produkte bepaal word. Die aangepaste algemene ewewigsmodel is gebruik om vier senarios te ondersoek wat fokus op geselekteerde onderwerpe vervat in die Nasionale Ontwikkelingsplan wat deur die Nasionale Beplanningskommissie van Suid Afrika in 2011 vrygestel is. Die senarios hou verband met 'n styging in vrugte uitvoere as gevolg van globale posisionering, tegniese produktiwiteitsverhogings vir die landbousektor deur volgehoue navorsing en ontwikkeling, verhoging in die produktiwiteit van produksiefaktore van die regering en geselekteerde dienste sektore deur die aanspreek van korrupsie en vermindering in stakings, en die toename in geskoolde arbeid deur 'n verbetering in die kwaliteit van onderwys. Resultate van die aangepaste model toon die gewenste uitwerking: produsente produseer relatief meer van die produkte waarvoor hulle 'n relatiewe hoër prys kan kry, en omgekeerd. Dit geld ongeag of daar 'n verhoging of 'n verlaging in die vlak van die industrie se uitset is. Die impak van die modelaanpassing, die effek van veranderings in die vlakke van elastisiteite en die keuse van veranderlikes om die model te sluit, is geanaliseer as deel van die sensitiwiteitsanalises. Die impak van veranderings in die funksionele vorm, elastisiteite en modelsluiting op resultate, is verskillend vir elke senario.
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Books on the topic "CGE"

1

Miller, Michael. CGE Alcatel: A strategic analysis. New York, NY: Northern Business Information, 1990.

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Bussolo, Maurizio. An interregional CGE model for Italy. [s.l.]: typescript, 1992.

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Su, Min-Jiun. The Taiwanese tariff: A linear CGE approach. Nankang, Taipei: Institute of Economics, Academia Sinica, 1990.

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Rajesh, Chadha, National Council of Applied Economic Research., and USAID/New Delhi, eds. Analysis of India's reforms: A CGE modelling exercise. New Delhi: National Council of Applied Economic Research, 1997.

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Huan jing CGE mo xing ji ying yong. Beijing: Ke xue chu ban she, 2011.

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Vaittinen, Risto. Trade policies and integration: Evaluations with CGE -models. [Helsinki]: Helsinki School of Economics, 2004.

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Broer, D. Peter, and Jukka Lassila, eds. Pension Policies and Public Debt in Dynamic CGE Models. Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag HD, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-01660-2.

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Söderlind, Paul. MAMTAX: A dynamic CGE model for tax reform simulations. Stockholm, Sweden: Konjunkturinstitutet, 1989.

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Yuxin, Zheng, and Fan Mingtai, eds. Zhongguo CGE mo xing ji zheng ce fen xi. Beijing: She hui ke xue wen xian chu ban she, 1999.

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Erero, Jean Luc. The potential effects of a depreciation of the rand on the South African economy: A CGE analysis through the dti CGE model. Pretoria: Department of Trade and Industry, 2006.

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Book chapters on the topic "CGE"

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Engelhardt, Heinz, Wolfgang Beck, and Thomas Schmitt. "Kapillar-Gelelektrophorese (CGE)." In Kapillarelektrophorese, 158–76. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-57901-1_8.

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Meng, Samuel, and Mahinda Siriwardana. "Useful CGE Modelling Packages." In Assessing the Economic Impact of Tourism, 25–59. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40328-1_2.

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Knowlton, Christin A., Michelle Kolton Mackay, Tod W. Speer, Robyn B. Vera, Douglas W. Arthur, David E. Wazer, Rachelle Lanciano, et al. "Cobalt Gray Equivalent (CGE)." In Encyclopedia of Radiation Oncology, 125. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-85516-3_627.

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Engelhardt, Heinz, Wolfgang Beck, and Thomas Schmitt. "Capillary Gel Electrophoresis (CGE)." In Capillary Electrophoresis, 166–85. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-85854-3_8.

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Larsen, Mette Voldby, Katrine G. Joensen, Ea Zankari, Johanne Ahrenfeldt, Oksana Lukjancenko, Rolf Sommer Kaas, Louise Roer, et al. "The CGE Tool Box." In Applied Genomics of Foodborne Pathogens, 65–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43751-4_5.

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Hosoe, Nobuhiro, Kenji Gasawa, and Hideo Hashimoto. "The Simple CGE Model." In Textbook of Computable General Equilibrium Modelling, 13–22. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230281653_2.

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Hosoe, Nobuhiro, Kenji Gasawa, and Hideo Hashimoto. "The Standard CGE Model." In Textbook of Computable General Equilibrium Modelling, 87–121. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230281653_6.

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Deng, Xiangzheng, Yi Wang, Feng Wu, Tao Zhang, and Zhihui Li. "The Integrated CGE Model Construction." In Integrated River Basin Management, 57–78. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-43466-6_4.

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Meng, Samuel, and Mahinda Siriwardana. "An Introduction to CGE Modelling." In Assessing the Economic Impact of Tourism, 1–24. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40328-1_1.

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Meng, Samuel, and Mahinda Siriwardana. "Constructing a Tourism CGE Model." In Assessing the Economic Impact of Tourism, 131–210. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40328-1_5.

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Conference papers on the topic "CGE"

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Chen, Gang, ZhiChun Gan, JianJun Shen, and Jun Yang. "Research on CGE based training simulation framework." In 2010 2nd IEEE International Conference on Information Management and Engineering. IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icime.2010.5477800.

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Nazarov, Aleksandr Alekseevich. "CGE-Approach to Modeling Complex Socio-Economic Systems." In International Research-to-practice conference. Publishing house Sreda, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31483/r-99758.

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Safarianbana, Sahar, Runar Unnthorsson, and Christiaan Richter. "Development of a New Stoichiometric Equilibrium-Based Model for Wood Chips and Mixed Paper Wastes Gasification by ASPEN Plus." In ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-10586.

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Abstract Wood and paper residues are usually processed as wastes, but they can also be used to produce electrical and thermal energy through processes of thermochemical conversion of gasification. This study proposes a new steady state simulation model for down draft waste biomass gasification developed using the commercial software Aspen Plus for optimization of the gasifier performance. The model was validated by comparison with experimental data obtained from six different operation conditions. This model is used for analysis of gasification performance of wood chips and mixed paper wastes. The operating parameters of temperature and moisture content (MC) have been varied over wide range and their effect on the high heating value (HHV) of syngas and cold gas efficiency (CGE) were investigated. The results show that increasing the temperature improves the gasifier performance and it increases the production of CO and H2 which leads to higher LHV and CGE. However, an increase in moisture content reduces gasifier performance and results in low CGE.
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li, haibin, zhenjia jin, and guoyong mei. "The carbon trading simulation analysis based on CGE model." In Second International Conference on Sustainable Technology and Management (ICSTM 2023), edited by Xilong Qu. SPIE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2687749.

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Zhuoma Sangda, Suwei Feng, and Xueliang Zhang. "Efficiency assessment of transport infrastructure investment within a CGE framework." In 6th Advanced Forum on Transportation of China (AFTC 2010). IET, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp.2010.1136.

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Sousa, Rita, and Antonio G. Gomez-Plana. "International trade in renewable energy with cooperation mechanisms: A CGE analysis." In 2016 13th International Conference on the European Energy Market (EEM). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eem.2016.7521356.

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"RESEARCH AND DEMONSTRATION OF AGRICULTURAL POLICY SIMULATION BASED ON CGE MODEL." In 13th International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems. SciTePress - Science and and Technology Publications, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0003423300130017.

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Zong, Zong, and Yuan Yuan. "A Comprehensive Analysis of CGE Model-based Energy Policy of China." In 2015 International Conference on Social Science, Education Management and Sports Education. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ssemse-15.2015.271.

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Wang, Dandan, Sheng Li, and Lin Gao. "A Novel Coal Gasification System Through Thermochemical Regenerative Process of Syngas Sensible Heat to Enhance Cold Gas Efficiency." In ASME 2017 11th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2017 Power Conference Joint With ICOPE-17, the ASME 2017 15th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology, and the ASME 2017 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2017-3167.

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In this paper, a novel coal gasification technology used for Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) power plants is proposed, in which a regenerative unit is applied to recover syngas sensible heat to generate steam and then the high temperature steam is used to gasify coke from pyrolyzer. Through such a thermochemical regenerative unit, the sensible heat with lower energy level is upgraded into syngas chemical energy with higher energy level, and therefore a higher cold gas efficiency (CGE) is expected. The Aspen Plus Software is selected to simulate the novel coal gasification system. Then the exergy and Energy-Utilization Diagram (EUD) analyses are applied to disclose the plant performance enhancement mechanism. It reveals that 83.2% of syngas sensible heat can be recovered into steam agent and so the CGE is upgraded to 90%. And with the enhancement of CGE, the efficiency of an IGCC plant based on the novel gasification system can be as high as 51.82%, showing a significant improvement compared to 45.2% in a Texaco coal gasification based plant. At the same time, the exergy destruction of gasification process is reduced from 132.5MW to 98.4MW through thermochemical reactions. Lift of accepted energy level (Aea), and decrease of released energy level (Aed) and heat absorption (ΔH) contribute to the exergy destruction reduction in the gasification process. Additionally, since oxygen agent is no longer used in the IGCC, 34.5MW exergy loss in the air separation unit is avoided. Thereby the novel coal gasification technology proposed in this paper has a good thermodynamic performance and may provide a quite promising way for high efficient and clean coal utilization.
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Proenca, Sara, and Patricia Fortes. "How significant are fiscal interactions in climate policy design? A CGE analysis." In 2016 13th International Conference on the European Energy Market (EEM). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eem.2016.7521267.

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Reports on the topic "CGE"

1

Beckman, Jayson, and Thomas Hertel. Validating Energy-Oriented CGE Models. GTAP Working Paper, February 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21642/gtap.wp54.

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Although CGE models have received heavy usage, they are often criticized as being insufficiently validated. Key parameters are often not econometrically estimated, and the performance of the model as a whole is rarely checked against historical outcomes. As a consequence, questions frequently arise as to how much faith one can put in CGE results. In this paper, we employ a novel approach to the validation of a widely utilized global CGE model – GTAP-E. By comparing the variance of model generated petroleum price distributions -- driven by historical demand and supply shocks to the model-- with observed five-year moving average price distributions, we conclude that energy demand in GTAP-E is far too price-elastic over this time frame. After incorporating the latest econometric estimates of energy demand and supply elasticities, we revisit the validation question and find the model to perform more satisfactorily. As a further check, we compare a deterministic global general equilibrium simulation, based on historical realizations over the 2001-2006 period during which petroleum prices rose sharply, along with growing global energy demands. As anticipated by the stochastic simulations, the revised model parameters perform much better than the original GTAP-E parameters in this global, general equilibrium context.
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Chappuis, Thomas, and Terrie Walmsley. Projections for World CGE Model Baselines. GTAP Research Memoranda, September 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21642/gtap.rm22.

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While constructing a new baseline for the GDyn model, we spent a lot of time collecting projections and deciding which data to choose. We also developed programs to aggregate projections to any specific geographical aggregation of the GTAP Data Base. In order to help researchers in the construction of their own baselines, we created a baseline section1 on the GTAP website where GTAP users can find the projections data and programs. The purpose of this paper is to document the data used in our new GDyn baseline and to provide a user guide of the baseline website. Our view is that sharing data and expertise with researchers working on baselines will help create reliable and defendable baseline scenarios. The second annex documents the aggregation programs from the 112 GTAP 7.1 regions to a specific geographical aggregation.
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Hanslow, Kevin. A General Welfare Decomposition for CGE Models. GTAP Technical Paper, March 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21642/gtap.tp19.

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Huff and Hertel (2001) derive a welfare decomposition for the equivalent variation in the GTAP model. The derivation appears to be very specific to GTAP. Nevertheless, it contains nearly all the ingredients required for performing welfare decomposition for any CGE model. In this paper, the approach of Huff and Hertel (2001) is generalised to derive a welfare decomposition that can be applied to most, if not all, CGE models. General production and utility functions are accommodated, as are foreign income flows. A brief guide to coding the proposed welfare decomposition in GEMPACK is also provided. The decomposition is applied to decomposing the equivalent variation in GTAP.
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Velasco, Andrés M., and Camilo Alberto Cárdenas-Hurtado. A macro CGE model for the colombian economy. Bogotá, Colombia: Banco de la República, January 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/be.863.

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Cicowiez, Martín, and Agustin Filippo. Macroeconomic Shocks: Simulations in a CGE Model for Haiti. Inter-American Development Bank, January 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0001534.

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Cicowiez, Martín, and Agustín Filippo. Human Development: Simulations in a CGE Model for Haiti. Inter-American Development Bank, January 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0001535.

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Iregui-Bohórquez, Ana María. Tax exporting: an analysis using a multiregional CGE model. Bogotá, Colombia: Banco de la República, February 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/be.171.

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Valenzuela, Ernesto, Thomas Hertel, Roman Keeney, and Jeff Reimer. Assessing Global CGE Model Validity Using Agricultural Price Volatility. GTAP Working Paper, September 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21642/gtap.wp32.

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Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) models are commonly used for global agricultural market analysis. However, concerns are sometimes raised about the quality of their output since key parameters may not be econometrically estimated and little emphasis is generally given to model assessment. This article addresses the latter issue by developing an approach to validating CGE models based on the ability to reproduce observed price volatility in agricultural markets. We show how patterns in the deviations between model predictions and validation criteria can be used to identify the weak points of a model and guide development of improved specifications with firmer empirical foundations.
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Edwards, Brian Keith, Riccardo Boero, and Michael Kelly Rivera. Initial CGE Model Results Summary Exogenous and Endogenous Variables Tests. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1374298.

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Jensen, Hans Grinsted, and Kym Anderson. Alternative Agricultural Price Distortions for CGE Analysis, 2007 and 2011. GTAP Research Memoranda, April 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21642/gtap.rm27.

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A recent World Bank research project has generated an annual time series of distortions to agricultural incentives over the past half century for 82 countries, the majority of which are low-and middle-income countries. In this memorandum, the current GTAP version 8 Data Base may be modified to incorporate this dataset, using an Altertax simulation. The files required for this Altertax simulation, including parameter files and shock files are generated by the DAItoGTAP.tab file which will accommodate any level of aggregation of the GTAP database. In this memorandum the data files required to modify the GTAP v8.1 database can be downloaded. Data required to modify the GTAP v9 database will be available at a later date when v9 is released. Keywords: Agricultural policies, World Bank DAI database, Extensions of the GTAP database, Developing countries
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