Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'CFT thermiques'
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Vilatte, Matthieu. "Adventures in (thermal) Wonderland." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2024. https://theses.hal.science/tel-04791687.
Full textThe work we present in this thesis is structured around the concepts of field theories and geometry, which are applied to gravity and thermalisation.On the gravity side, our work aims at shedding new light on the asymptotic structure of the gravitational field in the context of asymptotically flat spacetimes, using information encoded on the conformal boundary. The latter is a null hypersurface on which Carrollian physics instead of relativistic physics is at work. A Carroll structure on a manifold is a degenerate metric and a vector field spanning the kernel of the latter. This vector selects a particular direction which can be the starting point for describing Carroll structures in a split frame. We first elaborate on the geometry one can construct on such a manifold in this frame, including a comprehensive study of connections and (conformal isometries). Effective actions can be defined on a Carrollian background. Canonical momenta conjugate to the geometry or the connection are introduced, and the variation of the action shall give their conservation equations, upon which isometric charges can be reached.Carrollian physics is also known to emerge as the vanishing speed of light of relativistic physics. This limit usually exhibits more Carrollian descendants than what might be expected from a naive intrinsic analysis, as shown in the explicit examples of Carrollian fluids, Carrollian scalar fields (for which two actions, electric and magnetic arise in the limit) and the Carrollian Chern-Simons action. The richness of the limiting procedure is due to this versatility in describing a palette of degrees of freedom. This turns out to be an awesome tool in studying the relationship between asymptotically anti de Sitter (AdS) and flat spacetimes.Metrics on asymptotically flat spacetimes can be expressed as an infinite expansion in a gauge, covariant with respect to their null boundaries. This slight extension of the Newman-Unti gauge is shown to be valid also in AdS, which allows to take the flat limit in the bulk i.e. the Carrollian limit on the boundary, while preserving this covariance feature. We demonstrate that the infinite solution space of Ricci-flat spacetimes actually arises from the Laurent expansion of the AdS boundary energy-momentum tensor. These replicas obey at each order Carrollian dynamics (flux/balance laws). Focusing our attention to Petrov algebraically special spacetimes (for which the infinite expansion resums), we use the Carrollian flux/balance laws together with the conservation of the energy-momentum and Cotton tensors to build two dual towers of bulk charges from a purely boundary perspective. Among them we recover the mass and angular momentum mutipolar moments for the Kerr-Taub-NUT family. The covariant gauge is also the appropriate framework to unveil the action of hidden symmetries of gravity on the null boundary. In this thesis we study exhaustively the case of Ehlers' $SL(2,mathbb{R})$ symmetry.On the side of thermal field theory we see that while at infinite temperature a CFT is described by its spectrum and the OPE coefficients, additional data is needed in the thermal case. These are the average values of primary operators, completely determined up to a constant coefficient. Numerical simulations, duality with black-hole states in AdS or spectral analyses are the methods usually employed to uncover the latter. Our work features a new breadth. Starting from two coupled harmonic oscillators, we show that they are related to conformal ladder graphs of fishnet theories. This observation is the first step for setting a new correspondence between thermal partition functions and graphs
Khaldi, Souheyla. "Etude numérique du comportement thermique d’un séchoir solaire utilisant un lit thermique pour le stockage d’énergie." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCA008/document.
Full textThis thesis presents a numerical study of an indirect natural convection solar dryer for drying agricultural products (Figs). The first part analyzes a solar dryer containing a drying chamber coupled to a reversed absorber and a solar chimney. Simulations were made to determine the dynamic and thermal fields under the influence of the variation of the solar chimney configuration and the size of the inlet opening. The governing equations based on the standard k-ε turbulence model are solved by the finite volume method using the ANSYS-Fluent commercial code. The second part analyzes the effect of adding a thermal storage in the form of a gravel bed in the drying chamber. The bed is modeled as a porous medium. Furthermore, this study proposes the use of a second air inlet in the drying chamber in order to ensure a more homogeneous thermal distribution at the level of the racks and to guarantee a more uniform drying
Al-Arkawazi, Sherko Ahmad Flamarz. "Modélisation des interactions fluide-milieu granulaire par couplage CFD-DEM, incluant les transferts thermiques." Amiens, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AMIE0116.
Full textIn this work, we are interested in the study of hydrodynamic and thermal behavior of fluidized beds by numerical simulations. By means of a coupling between the discrete element method (DEM) and computational fluid mechanics (CFD), we are modeling the interaction between a fluid and a granular medium. The interaction is translated through a drag force, and the effect of local concentration of the particles on the drag force is taken into account by a porosity function. Simulation results on a fluidized bed are discussed and compared with experimental ones, especially in terms of height of expansion of the fluidized bed. The influence of friction and restitution coefficients on the macroscopic behavior of the bed is also studied. For example, different geometries of fluidizing columns are modeled. For each of them, simulation results are analyzed, through a fluidization index. These examples illustrate the ability of the coupling CFD–DEM method presented in this work to optimize complex granular flow. We proposed a thermal approach (conduction-convection) based on the finite volume method to calculate the heat transfer between fluid-particle and particle-particle. The effects of dissipation by shock and friction were also taken into account and analyzed. The validation results depicted that the thermal model has proven its effectiveness whether on a fixed or fluidized bed
Bonneau, Clément. "Caractérisation des performances thermiques et hydrauliques d'échangeurs de chaleur par l’utilisation de milieux équivalents." Thesis, Nantes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NANT4065.
Full textWithin a worldwide energy transition, the enhancement of electricity production systems plays a keyrole. Thus, the optimisation of these systems, or their constitutive components, aims at improving their efficiency, in order to better convert a energy source into electricity. In particular, it covers Rankine cycles, that numerous studies deal with, focusing on improving their performance rating. The current study is only about a single component of this steam cycle : the condenser, which is charged of condensing steam at the ouput of the turbine. A numerical modelling of the condenser has been carried out, in order to characterize its thermal and hydraulic performances. It involves an homogenization method, the porous media approach, to asses the thermal transfer, in the case of a shell-and-tube heat exchanger. To do so, each constitutive component of this model is described and validated. The main innovative aspects of this model are its increased precision, since it can give information about each tube’s performance, and the correlations’ combination, which choice is based upon a bibliographic study. With the reached precision, the model enable the user to improve the local performances of the heat exchanger
Arroyo, Callejo Gustavo. "Modélisation thermique avancée d’une paroi multiperforée de chambre de combustion aéronautique avec dilution giratoire." Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ESAE0008/document.
Full textLn the combustion chamber, temperatures up to 2000K are reached, which exceeds by far the melting point of the liner materials. ln order to protect the liner, cool air from the combustion chamber outer casing is injected into the combustor through a large number of sub-millimeter closely-spaced holes (effusion cooling). However, strict environmental legislation has led jet-engine manufacturers to consider techniques that reduce the quantity of air available for cooling. Therefore, cooling system must be carefully designed. However, the size of the holes makes detailed numerical simulations unaffordable. Aerothermal models that mimic effusion cooling behavior are a promising solution. On the Other hand, up to now, far too little attention has been paid to a novel effusion cooling technique (compound angle effusion cooling), where cold air injection is not aligned With the hot air flow direction. The aim of this dissertation is twofold: to establish an effusion cooling model and to investigate the flow field of compound angle effusion cooling
Pernot, Eric. "Modélisation du changement d’état solide-liquide. Application au stockage thermique par chaleur latente Adapté aux centrales solaires thermodynamiques." Thesis, Pau, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PAUU3044/document.
Full textA major technological lever to the industrial development of renewable energy production processes with high efficiency, is the development of an innovative solution to store the energy. This storage device should help to smooth the production period and to follow closely the demand. Among the existing solutions, latent heat thermal storage has many advantages that make today it is the subject of several research and development projects. This technology is based on the principle that certain classes of material, called phase change materials (PCMs), release (during liquid to solid transition) or accumulate (during solid to liquid transition) energy when subjected to a phase change. Upstream of the development of a new storage design, it is essential to understand and master the thermal processes involved in the melting and solidification phase of the material and this knowledge comes through the development of numerical models adapted to the problems encountered. In the particular context of this Phdthesis, the technological process that interests us is that of CSP (Concentrated Solar Power). Funded by ADEME under the STARS Project (Thermal STorage Applied to the expansion of pRoduction of thermodynamic Solar energy), the work done by the LaTEP is to analyze the performance of a storage solution by modeling the latter, considering the thermal and hydraulic phenomena. The modeling work is done with the free source OpenFOAM CFD software in which is developed and implemented by the laboratory, a new module dedicated to the problem we are concerned, namely the resolution of Eulerian (fixed grid) conservation equations for an incompressible fluid in the presence of a solid-liquid phase change dominated by convective motions. Regarding the phase transition problems, various mathematical and numerical methods have been developed to finely consider the physics of these phenomena. After conducting a review of methods in the first part of the Phd thesis, we selected two formulations that we have implemented in OpenFOAM. Once this work done, we have managed to compare the results returned from these formulations by comparing them with experimental results available in the literature and also with analytical cases. This allowed us firstly to strengthen us in the use of our solvers and the accuracy of the obtained results and secondly to highlight the differences between the solutions returned by each formulation. After that, we wanted to assess the impact of the equation of state used to connect the enthalpy to the temperature, essential for closing the thermodynamic equations. This comparison was made by the simulation of a thermal storage exchanger (2D simulation) and by analyzing the performance of this latter during the charge phase, the discharge one and during several series of cycles. The obtained results allowed us to conclude about the importance of a good characterization of PCM in order to model their behavior as accurately via the mathematical formulation and the most suitable state law
Hohota, Raluca Smaranda. "Modélisation de l'humidité dans un code CFD (basses vitesses en grande cavité) : comparaison avec l'expérimental." Lyon, INSA, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ISAL0065.
Full textThese last years knew an explosion without precedent of the interest brought to the studies devoted to thermal comfort and to quality of the interior air. This is translated in the thermo-aerodynamics of buildings by the need for a very fine representation (both experimentally and numerically) of the dynamic, thermic and hygrometrical fields established within the buildings. Consequently, our work proposes to contribute to the deepening of the hygrometrical behaviour of the air within an enclosure. This is carried out by a dual study (experimental and numerical). The first part of our work is devoted to the presentation of the experimental set-up on which we were based (experimental cell Minibat). Moreover, we focus on our contribution to the experimental device improvement regarding the addition of the components and metrology allowing to study in a suitable way the hygrometrical aspects inside the buildings. As regards the numerical part (developed in the second part of our study), our choice was the CFD approach since it is nowadays possible to carry out airflow numerical simulations within a cavity thanks to the growing development of the computers. As a result, a description of the fundamental elements of the numerical model (discretization of the computational domain, modelling of a turbulent flow, numerical resolution, etc. ) is given. Furthermore, we particularly focus in this part on the vapour integration within the numerical model. The final part of our work highlights the effective application of our numerical model to the study of a ventilated room (steady state conditions), based on measurements resulting from the experimentation campaign
Lemeunier, Franck. "Caractérisation et modélisation des transferts de chaleur lors de l’impression en transfert thermique." Nantes, 2015. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=d447cae0-5949-4bb1-9847-c77358f8890f.
Full textThermal printing process is a commonly used in manufacturing for the printing of labels and bar codes. Heating generated by micro-heaters is transferred to the inked ribbon. The ink melts which involves its transfer to the paper or either format. A higher printing quality is necessary. To success in the numerical information (bar codes) reading. The variety of inks and formats, the wide range of the operating speed and the diversity of printing heads and thermal printers make delicate the control of process. The analysis and modelling of thermal transfers involved in printing process are central in this study. In this way, the whole of elements of printing system (printing head, ribbons and formats) are characterized. An industrial printer has been instrumented with mechanical and thermal sensors. Many experiments are performed with several printing conditions. The experimental data base obtained has been used to feed and validate the model of the overall system. The model takes into account the multilayers structure constitutive of this multi-scale system. It has the required numerical precision to reproduce the speed of phenomena evolution. The definition of a printing criterion exclusively based on thermal consideration was associated to the model to develop a virtual printer
Elfahem, Rim. "Modélisation numérique CFD du comportement thermique cutané humain en Cryothérapie Corps Entier à -110°C." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Reims, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023REIMS023.
Full textThis thesis presents the CFD modelling of human cutaneous thermal behaviour in whole-body cryotherapy (WBC), a cold treatment that involves exposing the entire body to very low temperatures (-110°C) for 3 to 4 minutes. The objective is to optimize cryotherapy protocols that are specific and tailored to everyone. Experimental approaches (cutaneoustemperature mapping by infrared thermography) and measurements of actual temperatures in the main cryotherapy chamber are carried out to provide input boundary conditions for simulations, on the one hand, and to validate numerical results on the other hand. A mathematical model has been developed to predict the cooling of skin temperature in different body areas during a whole-body cryotherapy (WBC) session for various populations and morphotypes.Numerical simulations were conducted to determine the thermo-aerodynamic behaviour of both the empty and occupied cryotherapy chamber. These simulations revealed that the presence of a person disrupts the thermal and airflow fields within the chamber during the WBC session, leading to an increase in chamber temperature due to heat dissipation bythe person. This phenomenon becomes more pronounced as the number of subjects increases. Further simulations were carried out to investigate the cutaneous cooling kinetics for different morphotypes during WBC sessions. The numericalmodels were validated against experimental results, demonstrating a good agreement between the two results
Bellil, Ahmed. "Méthodologie spécifique globale de caractérisation des écoulements gaz/solides pour l'optimisation d'enceintes thermiques." Thesis, Compiègne, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014COMP2158/document.
Full textDysfunctions observed in thermochemical conversion reactors like dead zones and short circuits generally lead to inaccurate pricing of energy resources and air pollution. They originate in the air flow conditions in these aeraulic reactor. They can then be avoided by a better control of these flows. We propose in this work to develop a new tool for determining the distribution of residence time of the solid phase, based on the luminescence of particles previously coated with phosphorescent pigments. This optical method, non-Intrusive and flexible, has been implemented at a laboratory scale, on an aeraulic test bench.On the other hand, we have developed a numerical model allowing to determine the distribution of the residence time to master the flows at the exit of surrounding walls to optimize them and extrapolate them at the industrial scale. This analytical approach is based on a modelling by coupling MFN by finite volume types via the Code Saturn and DEM by discrete elements of the solid behavior by means of the code SIGRAME. Finally a confrontation of the DTS of the digital model with the experimental DTS has been done
Hu, Wen. "Contribution à l'Etude du Couplage du Rayonnement Thermique avec la Technique CFD dans le Contexte du Bâtiment." Lyon, INSA, 2005. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2001ISAL0061/these.pdf.
Full textThe practice of the coupling of the thermal radiation with the CFD technique is certainly one of the most efficient means to face a more and more demanding prediction of thermo-hydraulic comfort in buildings. However a bibliographical survey shows that in the majority of present CFD codes, the thermal radiation is still or not treated, or treated in a manner in semi-transparent medium, not suitable to interpret the inter-surface radiative exchanges particularly in buildings. A new practice of the coupling of the thermal radiation in transparent medium with the CFD technique under ESTET was put into effect in this thesis. It consists in developing a module of thermal radiation, competent to represent correctly the radiation exchanges in convex enclosures as well as concave enclosures, and also capable to integrate in CFD code. In view of various incompatibilities and some constraints relative to ESTET, the system of radiosity among these possible approaches has been adopted according to a compromise between the precision and the efficiency. In order to parameterise the radiosity system, the treatment of form factors directly adapted and exploited the coded geometric data for CFD. The importation of some computer graphical techniques is implemented: the ray tracing method eliminates obstacles, and the finite-elements method and the hemisphere technique took over and alternately are applied so as to find the precise form factors with a considerable efficiency. The Gauss-Seidel modified iteration permit to acquire a pertinent solution of the radiosity system whose results of radiation incidental flux are exported to the ESTET code. This put in evidence the influence on the thermal field of temperature and the impact on the dynamic field of speed by the balance of the thermal flux on internal enclosure surface. The quality and reliability of this model are lastly assured by a consecutive qualification
Hu, Wen Brau Jean. "Contribution à l'Etude du Couplage du Rayonnement Thermique avec la Technique CFD dans le contexte du Bâtiment." Villeurbanne : Doc'INSA, 2005. http://docinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/pont.php?id=hu.
Full textVitillo, Francesco. "Contribution expérimentale et numérique à l’amélioration de l’échange thermique des échangeurs de chaleur compacts à plaques." Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ESAE0039/document.
Full textIn the framework of CEA R&D program to develop an industrial prototype of Sodiumcooled Fast Reactor, the present thesis aimed to propose an innovative compact heat exchanger technology. In order to increase the global compactness the basic idea of this work is to design a channel were the fluid flow is as much three-dimensional as possible. In particular the channel can be thought as the result of the superposition of two undulated channels in phase opposition. To numerically provide a physically-consistent model, a new non-linear eddy viscosity named Anisotropic Shear Stress Transport (ASST) model has been developed and implemented into the available solver ANSYS FLUENT. To validate the numerical model, two experimental sections have been used to acquire an extensive aerodynamic database, whereas, to validate the thermal modeling approach, the VHEGAS facility has been built. Once having validated the ASST model, correlations for friction factor and Nusselt number for various geometries could be obtained. Finally, it has been shown that the innovative channel is the most compact one among the most important existing industrial compact heat exchanger technologies
Mballo, Souleymane. "Quantification et modélisation des services climatiques rendus par les arbres dans une rue canyon." Thesis, Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022NSARD097.
Full textGlobal climate change and the extreme events it induces have become one of the major issues of this century. Understanding the microclimate in urban areas has received increasing attention from researchers in recent years, due to the overheating phenomena observed in cities and the population density that makes them a sensitive environment for heat waves. Several studies have shown that vegetation can reduce air temperature in cities, but these benefits depend on the built environment, and on many variables often not controlled in cities, such as water availability for plants. In this context, this thesis aims to analyze and quantify the climatic services provided in a canyon street by well-watered trees. It is based on a double approach combining experimentation and modeling. Field campaigns were carried out on a tree model at scale (1/5) installed in an outdoor environment on the site of the Institut Agro, in Angers, France. On the numerical approach, 2D simulations of the distributed climate in unsteady regime were performed using a CFD approach. Among other results, the work of this thesis showed that the canyon street creates overheating of up to 2.8 °C during the night, and up to 2.4 °C during the day, and that trees can reduce the air temperature in the street by 2.7 °C during the day, and improve human thermal comfort by reducing mid-day UTCI values by up to 8 °C. This work provides quantification elements that can help decision makers in their planning policies
Chaomuang, Nattawut. "Caractérisation expérimentale et modélisation des écoulements d’air et transferts thermiques dans un meuble frigorifique fermé." Thesis, Paris, Institut agronomique, vétérinaire et forestier de France, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019IAVF0017/document.
Full textThe use of closed refrigerated display cabinets in supermarkets has been increased steadily because of the potential energy savings compared to open ones. This growing trend has contributed to the necessity to expand research in the field of retail refrigeration. Most studies in literature, however, focused on the improvements of energy efficiency after door installation while studies on the mechanism of heat transfer and airflow within closed display cabinets are still limited. In fact, the airflow pattern influences the heat exchange between air and products, thus, product temperature. This PhD thesis aims to gain an insight into the mechanism of airflow and heat transfer in closed refrigerated display cabinets by the implementation of experimental and numerical approaches.Experimental investigations were conducted in a closed refrigerated display cabinet (an integral type with a single band air curtain and two double-glazing doors) located in a controlled-temperature test room. Air/product temperatures and air velocity are the main parameters taken into investigations. Eighty calibrated thermocouples distributed throughout the cabinet made it possible to observe the spatial and temporal evolutions of the air and product temperatures under different operating conditions. These conditions were ambient air temperature (15, 19, 24 and 29 °C), product-occupied volume (unloaded, half-loaded and full-loaded with test packages made of methylcellulose), door-opening frequency (0 - permanently closed, 10, 20, 40, 60 Openings Per Hour - OPH) and opening duration (15s and 30s). An automatic door opening system was developed and allowed to apply the opening regime as prescribed in the standard test (EN ISO 23953-2, 2015). The experiment was also conducted in an open configuration of the cabinet (doors were completely removed) to determine the benefits of the doors on the temperature performance. The results showed that when the doors were permanently closed, the temperature distribution in the cabinet was similar whatever the ambient temperatures and occupied-volume percentages – the highest temperature position at the front-top shelf and the lowest temperature position at the rear-bottom shelf. The temperature distribution changed when the doors were periodically or permanently open – the front of the middle shelf became the highest temperature position while the lowest temperature position remained at the rear-bottom shelf. However, the air and product temperatures in the cabinet with doors remained lower despite a very high door-opening frequency (i.e. 60 OPH, product temperatures at least 1.0 °C lower), compared to the case without doors.Air velocity measurement using a hot-wire anemometer at the front of the cabinet from the discharge to the return air grilles allowed to observe the shape of the air curtain, while the measurement in the rear duct allowed to quantify the air flow distribution over the perforated back panel of different shelves. The use of a Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) technique allowed the characterization of the air curtain with higher spatial resolution and accuracy. The result showed a zone of air recirculation at the upper part of the cabinet where warm ambient air infiltration through the door gaps was also observed, leading to an increase in the air curtain temperature. A 2D-CFD k-ε turbulence model was developed to reproduce the main flow phenomena observed by PIV so that its influence on the internal temperature distribution can be examined.Finally, a simplified heat transfer model was developed based on a zonal approach in both static and dynamic regimes which permits, respectively, the predictions of time-averaged air and product temperatures and temperature fluctuations according to the on/off cycle of the compressor regulation. The dynamic model was solved with a spectral approach, thus the influence of different parameters on the damping of the temperature fluctuations can be identified
Danca, Paul Alexandru. "Stratégies de ventilation pour l'amélioration de la qualité de l'environnement intérieur dans les véhicules." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN1S089.
Full textPrediction of comfortable thermal conditions inside a vehicle cabin is still a challenge due to the transient behavior of this environment. Understanding flow patterns is still difficult nowadays for researchers due to the complexity of the interior cabin geometry and of the ventilation system (flow rate, location and geometry of the air diffusers). Thermal comfort has been widely studied in build environments, while thermal comfort in vehicles is a relatively new subject, with fairly few extensive studies that are exploring all possibilities of investigation in this direction. The currently available standard intended for the evaluation of vehicle thermal environment, EN ISO 14505, propose models extensively used for buildings, which do not seem to be entirely adapted for the vehicular space. Unlike the indoor environment from buildings, the vehicular cabin climate is dominated by thermal transient conditions: the strongly non-uniform temperature distributions, both in air and on the surfaces, associated with the high localized air speeds, the relatively higher levels of relative humidity compared to the buildings, the solar radiation intensity, and the radiative heat exchange from the interior surfaces, the angles of incidence of the solar radiation etc. In the absence of the evaluation models adapted to this environment, the available literature is dispersed around those papers dealing with environmental conditions inside the vehicle that might affect the human thermal comfort and those concerning the human’s response and perception of its interaction with the environment. In this context, we decided to orient the research work in this thesis around the complex problematic of cabin thermal environment and its effect on driver’s and passenger’s thermal state. The thesis presents numerical and experimental studies of the effects of an improved set of dashboard air diffusers over passengers’ thermal comfort. The general objectives of the doctoral research project could be summarized as following: to deepen the knowledge and to understand thermal phenomena that occur in cabin thermal environment; to develop and validate a complex numerical model in order to get insight into the complex phenomena previously evoked. These three general objectives were intended to sustain the main goal of the doctoral research that is: improvement of thermal sensation of vehicle occupants, by implementation of innovative air diffusers. To this end we oriented our research towards diffusers with a special geometry that allows flow control mechanisms resulting in the improvement of mixing between air supply by the ventilation system and the ambient air in the cabin. During the complex quest, we could have the opportunity to become familiar to the intricate thermal phenomena, to analyze the real role played by transient environment parameters perceiving thermal comfort and in its estimation. During all this quest we tried to stay on a line that would ultimately allow to respond to a set of fundamental questions, namely: To what extent this kind of parameters can affect the perceiving of comfort, and also the consequences of an "incomplete" assessment proposed by the existing evaluation models ? How is, in this context, affected the ventilation and air conditioning design due to the use of current models for pre-evaluating a good functioning of the HVAC systems – in particular for vehicles - and an acceptable environment for their users ?
Wannassi, Manel. "Etude des transferts thermiques par batteries de jets pour la trempe du verre." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013VALE0022/document.
Full textAir quenching is widely applied in security glass manufacturing processes. Proper residual stresses distribution requires strong and homogeneous cooling and both are difficult to achieve over the very short time of the tempering process. Jet arrays used in most processes provide with sufficient cooling but suffer from inherent inhomogeneity, leading to quality loss of the glass product and, in extreme cases, to unacceptable breaking numbers during production.The objective of the present study is to investigate ways to improve cooling homogeneity while maintaining efficiency. For this purpose, swirling jets are located inside the jet arrays to enhance jet mixing prior to impingement. Numerical simulation is performed, corroborated by oil flow visualization and a dedicated test bench has been designed and set up within the frame of this thesis.The first part was concerned with the design of swirlers and their dynamic behaviour in standalone mode. It has been shown that a vortex is forming at the inlet of each swirl compartment. Inserting the swirlers within jet arrays constitutes the seconf phase. It turns out that the cellular structure of the impingement pattern is only marginally affected by the swirlers, which have a weak influence on the flow dynamics. Last, the detailed heat transfer modeling on the impingement surface shows that the swirlers themselves do barely contribute to the overall cooling, while the coupling with the simple jet array slightly improves the local heat transfer close to the impingement area. Although the expected outcome was not achieved, this thesis showed the flow complexity as well as the strong coupling between the feeding and the exhaust phases experienced by the cooling air
Bizzari, Romain. "Modélisation aérodynamique et thermique des plaques multiperforées en LES." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018INPT0101/document.
Full textNumerical simulation is progressively taking importance in the design of an aero- nautical engine. However, concerning the particular case of cooling devices, the high number of sub-millimetric cooling holes is an obstacle for computational sim- ulations. A classical approach goes through the modelling of the effusion cooling by homogenisation. It allows to simulate a full combustor but failsin representing the jet penetration and mixing. A new approach named thickened-hole model was developed during this thesis to overcome this issue. A work on improving the mesh resolution onkey areas thanks to an automatic adaptive method is also presented, leading to a clear breakthrough. In parallel, as the flame tube temperature is a cornerstone for the combustor durability,a low-cost approach is proposed to predict it. To meet the time-constraints of design, it is based on thermal modelling instead of a direct thermal resolution
Beust, Clément. "Modélisation multi-échelles d’un système de stockage thermique de vapeur par Matériau à Changement de Phase (MCP)." Thesis, Pau, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PAUU3029.
Full textIn an industrial process where steam is employed as a heat carrier, the integration of a steam storage solution allows to make the production of steam independent of its usage. Steam storage technologies can be used to decrease the energy consumption of the process, or to valorize waste heat from steam flows. Steam storage is also crucial for thermal solar power plants with direct steam generation. This work presents a model of a shell-and-tube steam storage system using Phase Change Material (PCM). These systems store the thermal energy of steam through the latent heat of the solid-liquid phase change transition of a material called PCM. The heat transfers in a storage module are often influenced by the natural convection flow of the liquid PCM during fusion and solidification. Predicting the thermal performances of a module can only be done by simulating this flow with a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) numerical model with a fine mesh, whose computational times are too high for engineering needs. The goal of this work is to develop a model for the design and the performance prediction of a storage module, which takes into account the fine physical phenomena while having reasonable computational times. A multi-scale modelling approach is adopted: both a fine CFD model of the PCM and a system model of a storage module with a coarser mesh are employed.The CFD model is based on the enthalpy-porosity approach, which allows 3D simulation of solid-liquid phase change, and takes into account the movements of the liquid PCM. The sensitivity of the model to several parameters which characterize the phase change is studied, on two case studies where the natural convection flows has different amplitudes. The crossed influences of the parameters are identified. The comparison to experimental results allows to emit good practices for the use of the model. The values of the latent heat and of the temperature interval where the phase change takes place appear to be fundamental for both cases; this shows that the precision of the PCM characterization is very important for the numerical simulation of solid-liquid phase change. The mushy zone constant, which governs the damping of the liquid flow in the vicinity of the fusion or solidification front, has a different effect on the results and a different optimal value depending on the case study. Therefore, it is recommended to fit the value of this constant on experimental data, whenever such data are available.The system model represents the 1D liquid water / steam two-phase flow in the tubes of a module, and the heat transfers and the phase change in the PCM outside the tubes. The PCM is represented by a purely conductive model with an equivalent conductivity. A prototype storage module with segmented fins, installed at CEA Grenoble, is simulated with the CFD model; sodium nitrate is used as PCM (phase change temperature: 305°C). A 1D law for the heat transfer between the tube and the PCM is obtained from the CFD results; this law takes into account the convective heat transfer, and the heat transfer enhancement by the fins and the conductive inserts that are disposed in the PCM. An equivalent conductivity of the PCM in the system model is computed from the law. The modelling methodology is validated on charge tests from the prototype module (PCM fusion and steam condensation). The system model correctly reproduces the transient heat transfer rate to the PCM that the CFD predicts and the one measured experimentally, while allowing 10 to 90 times shorter computational times
Bari, François. "Modélisation aérothermique pour la gestion de la chaleur sous capot d'une motoneige." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/8339.
Full textKoueni, Toko Anicet Christian. "Etude des champs dynamique et thermique dans une enceinte semi-ventilée en convection naturelle." Rouen, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ROUES054.
Full textWe examine in this work from an experimental and numerical point of view, both the transient and stationary behaviour of the thermal and dynamical fields in a naturally ventilated space in presence of a heated line source located at the basis of the volume. Two rectangular boxes M1 and M2 with aspect ratios H/L= 2. 46 and 0. 82 are successively considered. These volumes are connected to the exterior either via two openings at the bottom (case 11 and 21) or via two openings at the bottom and two openings at the top (case 12). The heated line source is operated either in the constant power per unit length or in the constant temperature modes for which it can be considered as a first order or a second order system respectively. Experimental studies were performed by measuring temperature by means of thermocouples and static pressure differences using pressure sensors located on the lateral walls. The numerical studies were performed by DNS for cases 11 and 12, considering that the heat source is at a constant temperature. The analytical approach was limited to the stationary case of a zone model in which, in each zone, temperature is constant or varies linearly with height. In the constant power per unit length case, experimental results show that the time evolution of the filling box is controlled by the time constant of the line source. In cases 11 and 21, depending on the value of the aspect ratio, the plume is centred or displaced towards one of the lateral walls. Similarly, the upper region is found to be homogeneous in temperature or stratified and flows at the openings are observed symmetrical or dissymmetrical. In the constant temperature mode, in case 11 the plume stays centred due to the stabilizing effect of this heating mode. In case 12, the neutral height is located at z/H=0. 6 resulting in inflow through the lower openings and outflow through the upper openings. The lower region is at low temperature and the upper zone is homogeneous in temperature. Results obtained in case 21 are very similar to those of the filling box, Baines and Turner (1969) only during the initial phase. As soon as the inner volume is heated, changes of the static pressure induce inflows in the volume and inner recirculation resulting in heating of the region outside the plume. Comparisons between fields of mean temperature and static pressure differences obtained in stationary situations experimentally, numerically and analytically show a better agreement in case 11 that in case 21
Ndombo, Jean-Marc. "Modélisation numérique d'un écoulement anisotherme dans un té de mélange par simulation des grandes échelles." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4370/document.
Full textThermal fluctuations present in mixing tees cause thermal stresses that can lead to the appearation of cracks, which spread more or less quickly in the structure. One possibility to reduce these risks is to set static mixers (statics mixers) to increase the mixture. Such technology has been used by Utveckling AB since 1980 in nuclear installations. However, these technologies are very expensive. It is for this reason that many numerical investigations have been made to predict temperature fluctuations caused by turbulent mixing in this configuration flow. The resolution of the conservation equations is made with a finite volume approach using large eddy simulation or LES . The subgrid models used are Smagorinsky, WALE (Wall Adapted Local Eddy) and dynamic Smagorinsky. The SGDH model (Simple Gradient Di? Usion Hypothesis) is used for modeling greeting thermal subgrid and the turbulent Prandtl number is fixed one. Generation turbulence input field is made using the SEM method (Synthetic Eddy Method). The main contribution of this thesis is the determination of time turbulent statistic in a complex configuration. Indeed, the transport equations of turbulent kinetic energy, temperature variance and turbulent heat flux are determined in both configurations (adiabatic walls and stainless steel), which shows the influence of the wall on heat transfer in near-wall region
Khallaki, Kaoutar. "Analyse numérique des mécaniques d'intensification du transfert thermique par promoteurs de tourbillons dans les échangeurs à tubes ailetés." Valenciennes, 2006. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/a058154b-2a0c-4692-a6e8-df40778d3325.
Full textThis work is related to the heat transfer enhancement in compact finned tube heat exchangers. We study numerically the flow topology and its influence on heat transfer. The effects of fin spacing and velocity inlet variation are examined. Results are compared and validate with dynamic and thermal experimental measurements. This study shows that the flow in finned tube heat exchangers is characterised by the presence of horseshoe vortices in front of the tubes. These vortices increase the heat exchange and interact with a the dead zone located at the downstream of the tubes which is a region of a low heat transfer. Then, we propose an innovative technique of heat transfer intensification in continuous fin and tube heat exchangers by inserting vortex generators on fins
Zussy, Timothée. "Calculs d’écoulements tridimensionnels au sein de la boucle d’air moteur, dans la culasse et la chambre de combustion des moteurs thermiques." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCA002.
Full textPollution problems related to the automotive sector have been known since the 1940s. The United States was the first to be impacted by the automotive "boom" of the inter-war period, and introduced the first anti-pollution laws in 1960. Following these directives and the two oil shocks, various commitments for global emission limitations have been born for some 20 years. The Kyoto Protocol and the European Union directives (Euro 6c currently in force) are the main recent illustrations. This thesis is in line with the work undertaken almost fifty years ago in order to continue efforts to reduce consumption and pollution of motor vehicles. It thus proposes a method of rapid visualization with the present computer means, of the internal aeraulic behaviour in the cylinder head and the combustion chamber of the spark-ignition engines. The goal is to be able to predict these variations reliably and quickly using numerical simulation tools, in order to limit the manufacture, quantity and cost of the prototypes to be tested
Esteves, Nicolas. "Modélisation thermique et aéraulique des alternateurs pour les simulations de l’espace sous capot d’un véhicule automobile." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEI124.
Full textThe objective of the thesis is to create a thermal model of an alternator, with a quickly time run. This model will integrate the influence of the alternator inside an under-hood simulation. A simplify model able to simulate the aerodynamic and thermal behaviour has developed. It use a nodal approach to simulate the aerodynamic and thermal behaviour. Different algorithms and an user’s interface able to a quickly set up and a automatically implementation. Indeed, the nodal, approach was realized automatically by the model, the user inform the dimensions of the alternator, the materials characteristics and the thermal losses. Thanks to we have a model that use with any automobile alternator. The aerodynamic of the alternator is simulate with convection coefficient via the nodal approach. These coefficients are estimated with correlations based on Reynolds of the flow. The CFD simulation of the alternator identified these correlations. The CFD model has been validate with an aerodynamics tests. The model is checked and validate by thermal tests. It has an average error lower than 10% and work to any regime of the use. The time run is equal to 2 minutes. The modal has been integrate inside an under-hood simulation. A coupling methodology has been developed to allow the integration of the data, like the temperatures and the flowrate was estimate by the simplify model, inside an under-hood simulation. The under-hood simulation modelling the aerodynamic and thermal behaviour of the engine compartment. Therefore, the coupling methodology allow integrating the aerodynamic and thermal influence of the alternator inside the compartment. The work is actually in progress inside the numerical processes of the PSA group. Many perspectives are studied, to use the model on other under-hood elements, or other electric machine, like the electric engines used inside the hybrid vehicles
Hemmer, Cédric. "Contribution à l'étude du couplage thermo-mécanique entre un émetteur de chauffage et son environnement." Thesis, Reims, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REIMS023.
Full textThe electric heating devices, which can seem relatively simple at first sight because composed only by an electric heating resistance in a metallic box, are in reality much more complex heat exchangers. Besides the regulation process part the role of which is to determine at every moment the quantity of energy to bring to the room to supply the desired temperatures of air, the device has to ensure a uniformity of temperatures and velocities of air in agreement with the thermal comfort wished, whatever his way of functioning and the outside thermal conditions. This good distribution of temperatures and velocities of air will give a good thermal comfort level which is the condition of a sober and controlled energy consumption. The objective of this thesis is thus to better understand in a first phase the thermo-aeraulics phenomena acting on the scale of the radiator and in the second phase those acting on the scale of the room. To improve this understanding, a tool of digital simulation which can be used to the conception of radiators by the company CAMPA has been developed
Sempey, Alain. "Prise en compte du champ thermo-convectif pour le contrôle thermique des espaces habitables." Phd thesis, Université de La Rochelle, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00259196.
Full textBoissière, Benjamin. "Étude hydrodynamique et thermique d'un nouveau concept de récepteur solaire à suspensions denses gazparticules." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2015. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/13944/1/boissiere.pdf.
Full textChe, Daud Zul Hilmi. "Contribution à l'étude du comportement thermique de la batterie lithium-ion pour véhicules électriques et hybrides." Thesis, Dijon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014DIJOS078/document.
Full textThe main objectives of this study are to provide the essential information on the thermal behaviour of the battery cells for automotive purpose especially for EVs and HEVs through experimental work in order to develop an effective 3D electro-thermal model for lithium ion battery cells and pack. The experimental study is focusing on the distribution of temperature at various points of the battery cell surface, impact of different constant discharge rates, and also the importance of cooling system on the battery temperature behaviour. This thesis highlights the battery cell temperature under abuse discharge condition and the impact of stacking the battery cells inside the battery pack. Impact of different temperature and SOC on the battery cell internal resistance and a case study on the battery cell thermal behaviour used in a series HEV to complete driving cycles using different cooling strategies are also studied. Furthermore, the experimental study is extended to the characteristic of the cooling air flow behaviour inside the battery pack, using particulate image velocimetry (PIV) system. The 3D electro-thermal CFD model is implemented in a free, open source CFD software package called OpenFOAM. The target is to have a relatively simple but accurate model with reasonable computation time. This proposed model considers the heat generation from battery current and internal resistance as a function of temperature, heat transfer through conduction, forced convection and radiation
Lancial, Nicolas. "Effets de la rotation sur la dynamique des écoulements et des transferts thermiques dans les machines électriques tournantes de grande taille." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014VALE0021/document.
Full textEDF operates a large number of electrical rotating machines in its electricity generation capacity. Thermal stresses which affect them can cause local heating, sufficient to damage their integrity. The present work contributes to provide methodologies for detecting hot spots in these machines, better understanding the topology of rotating flows and identifying their effects on heat transfer. Several experimental scale model were used by increasing their complexity to understand and validate the numerical simulations. A first study on a turbulent wall jet over a non-confined backward-facing step (half-pole hydrogenerator) notes significant differences compared to results from confined case : both of them are present in an hydrogenerator. A second study was done on a small confined rotating scale model to determinate the effects of a Taylor-Couette-Poiseuille on temperature distribution and position of hot spots on the heated rotor, by studying the overall flow regimes flow. These studies have helped to obtain a reliable method based on conjugate heat transfer (CHT) simulations. Another method, based on FEM coupled with the use of an inverse method, has been studied on a large model of hydraulic generator so as to solve the computation time issue of the first methodology. It numerically calculates the convective heat transfer from temperature measurements, but depends on the availability of experimental data. This work has also developped new no-contact measurement techniques as the use of a high-frequency pyrometer which can be applied on rotating machines for monitoring temperature
Dia, Cheikh Tidiane. "Génération de modeles compacts thermiques dynamiques de composants electroniques via les algorithmes genetiques." Thesis, Paris 10, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA100172/document.
Full textThis thesis is dedicated to the generation of behavioral thermal model for electronic component having multiple active sensitive chips. This innovative study focuses on the necessary improvements of the concept of steady-state and dynamic compact model in order to elaborate pertinent and accurate modeling practical techniques. To help the electronic designer to early identify the overheated electronic components, the purpose is to generate simplified models, capable to mimic the thermal behavior of sophisticated detailed models. These simplified or compact models using well-known thermal resistances network replicate the thermal path from the most sensitive elements to the external package surfaces and enable to accurately predict their temperatures as well as the case heat flow rates. Preliminary evaluations performed on the popular, plastic Quad Flat-pack No lead package family showed that the simplest network definition, restricted to the heating source and two external surfaces, is always insufficient to properly characterize the thermal response of real device. So our development of steady-state compact thermal model (CTM) for electronic component is based on a process flow defined by the European project DELPHI which was revised by the presented work to address multi-chip components. DELPHI style compact thermal model presents an enlarged node number, especially for the component external surfaces which are divided in a set of relevant areas
Chen, Jie. "Numerical and experimental analysis of flows generated by temperature fields in rarefied gas : application to the design of Knudsen micropumps." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ISAT0009/document.
Full textThis thesis presents a numerical and experimental analysis of internal rarefied gas flows induced by temperature fields. In rarefied gases, a flow can be generated by solely applying a tangential temperature gradient along a wall: without any initial pressure gradient, the gas macroscopically moves from the cold toward the hot region. This phenomenon is the so-called thermal creep or thermal transpiration effect. It is the main operating principle of the Knudsen pump, which can generate gas pumping without the need of any moving parts. The main aspect of this work is centered on numerical investigations of thermal transpiration flows in three new possible configurations of Knudsen pumps. For that goal, a numerical model for slip flows has been developed in which the appropriate slip boundary conditions are implemented in a commercial CFD code and a DSMC code has been adapted for studying transition flows in complex geometries. The pumping effect of curved-channel Knudsen pumps, the thermal transpiration flows through tapered channels and between two ratchets surfaces at different uniform temperatures have been investigated. In addition, an experimental study of thermal transpiration flow through a single micro-tube has been carried out on a new experimental set-up designed to be adaptable for testing thermally driven flows through various kinds of microchannels or generated by autonomous Knudsen compressors
Subramaniam, Vignaesh. "Topology Optimization of Conjugated Heat Transfer Devices : Experimental and Numerical investigation." Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MTLD0013/document.
Full textDesigning thermal devices that are more compact with less mass, less frictional losses and increased thermal efficiency is a key requirement for enhanced performances at a lower cost. The present PhD thesis investigates the potential and validity of topology optimization numerical method as a viable CFD tool to generate optimal thermal designs as compared to conventional approaches like shape and parametric optimization. The first part of the thesis presents an experimental investigation of topology optimized tree-like structures made of two materials. The topolgy optimization mathematical problem is formulated and implemented in OpenFOAM®. It is applied to the topolgy optimization problem of volume-to-point heat removal. Experimental thermal measurements are carried out, on the optimal structures, using infrared thermography in order to quantify their heat transfer performances and thus validate the performances of the optimal structures determined by the developed topology optimization code. The second part of the thesis presents an innovative bi-objective optimization technique for topology optimization of Conjugate Heat Transfer (CHT) systems under laminar flow regimes. For that purpose, an inequality constrained bi-objective topology optimization problem is developed mathematically and implemented inside the Finite Volume based OpenFOAM® solver. The objective function is formulated by linear combination of two objective functions for pressure drop reduction and heat transfer enhancement which is numerically a very challenging task due to a competition between the two objectives (minimization of pressure drop and maximization of recoverable thermal power). Non-intuitive Pareto-optimal designs were obtained, analyzed, discussed and justified with the help of various global and local numerical analysis methods. Additionally, a recent Lattice Boltzmann topology optimization problem form the literature was solved using the developed OpenFOAM® solver. The objective, in addition to the comparison of the optimal solutions, is also to initiate a case of reference for future studies in this field of research and innovation so as to be able to fully compare the optimal solutions obtained by different and different methods. solvers. Finally, the various experimental and numerical findings highlighted and illustrated in this PhD thesis, demonstrate the importance of the methodology and immense potential behind topology optimization method for designing efficient industrial thermal systems
Simo, Tala Jules Voguelin. "Analyse des structures tourbillonnaires et des mécanismes de transfert thermique dans les échangeurs de chaleur multi-rangs de tubes ailetés : Amélioration et optimisation des performances thermoaérauliques." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012VALE0015.
Full textIn this thesis, we analyze the flow and convective heat transfer in multi-row plain fin and tube heat exchangers. The aeraulic phenomena that occur in these devices are first highlighted by means of PIV and LDA measurements. A local study of horseshoe vortices production, development, spatial evolution and dissipation is therefore performed. Secondly, Unsteady RANS modeling of the flow is carried out by means of numerical simulations and the results are validated by comparing theflow structure and the vortex dynamics with experimental data. In a third step, the influence of these vortices on heat transfer is highlighted. The thermalhydraulic performances are characterized on the basis of an analysis of synergy between the velocity field, velocity gradients and temperature gradients.The thermal and viscous entropy rate generated in the flow are locally characterized. In a fourth step, an analysis of the influence of the tube pattern on thermalhydraulic performances is performed by considering the first and the second law of thermodynamics. The convective heat transfer and wallviscous friction losses are evaluated as well as thermal and viscous entropy production rates. Finally an overall geometrical optimization process based on the factorial analysis of TAGUCHI is used to select the major parameters that affect the thermalhydraulic performances aiming to optimize the design ofmultirow plain fin-and-tube heat exchangers for HVAC applications in rail transport
Meksi, Olfa. "Contribution à la caractérisation numérique et expérimentale des échanges thermiques externes des machines électriques totalement fermées et non ventilées avec introduction des données d’incertitudes." Thesis, Compiègne, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017COMP2367/document.
Full textIn addition to electrical, magnetic, vibro-acoustic and mechanical aspects, thermal considerations must be taken into account during the design and optimization of electrical machines. This study focuses on the analysis and the simulation of the thermal behavior of Totally Enclosed Non Ventilated (TENV) electric machines, specifically a Synchro-reluctant motor (Synchrel) in the context of an automotive application : a clutch actuator. A detailed thermal model (MTD) describing the thermal behavior of the Synchrel machine is designed. This proposed MTD is based on a combination of the Lumped Parameter Thermal Network method (LPTN) and the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) methods. The first method is dedicated to model the conductive and radiative heat transfers. CFD techniques are dedicated to model the cooling mechanism based on the natural convection around the Synchrel machine. Since the critical temperature is very sensitive to the cooling mode, the CFD approach is used in this study to provide more accurate results. On the other hand, it requires considerable computing time, which prevents its use in design studies based on optimization methods. In order to overcome this problem, only some numerical results obtained for particular operating points are used to define an analytical correlation based on the numerical calculation relations. This numerical analysis goes with an experimental approach in order to elaborate the corresponding experimental correlations. This study shows that numerical solutions can present a good accuracy, if uncertainty data introduced by this approach are taken into account. The second research problem addressed in this study is the determination of the Contact Thermal Resistances (RTCs), which are key parameters in the definition of the MTD. The determination procedure of the RTCs is based on two parametric identification approaches. The first one is experimental and based on some observations of the thermal behavior of the machine. The second one is based on a mathematical model reduction approach. The determined values are consistent with results from literature, although the Synchrel machine differs in topology, size and power. Using the numerical correlations, the MTD is used to evaluate the temperature deviation due to error terms introduced by the CFD approach. Then, using these experimental correlations, the MTD’s quality can be checked and approved. Parametric identification approaches lead to the construction of two secondorder thermal models of the machine. These models allow monitoring the thermal behavior of the winding and the casing. Both simplified models show satisfactory predictability with respect to their great simplicity
Romero, Eric. "Modèles C. F. D. Et éléments finis pour la trempe thermique du verre plat : estimation des échanges radiatifs et convectifs, prédiction et contrôle des contraintes résiduelles." Valenciennes, 2005. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/90ecadca-bb2b-4b0c-adbf-b68adc35d34c.
Full textThe framework of the thesis is the thermal tempering of flat glass on a laboratory installation and an industrial unit with single-jet and multi-jets coolings. The first part deals with the influence of radiation in the thermal modeling for the estimation of the transient and residual stresses along the thickness. CFD 3D models are then developed to analyze the air flow and determine the convective heat transfer on the glass surface during the tempering. By coupling these with 3D finite elements models, the tempering residual stresses are computed. Photoelasticity measurements of the stresses on the surface and the thickness of the tempered glass specimens validate the numerical approach. Finally, a new ultrasonic method to control the stresses is proposed
Thiam, Mor Tallla. "Développement et validation expérimentale d'une approche numérique pour la simulation de l'aérodynamique et de la thermique d'un véhicule à trois roues." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/9724.
Full textGautier, Maxime. "Etude de la formation de nanoparticules de carbone au cours de la décomposition thermique d'hydrocarbures : application à la coproduction de noir de carbone et d'hydrogène par craquage thermique du méthane par voie plasma." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLEM061/document.
Full textThis thesis takes part of the development of a direct decarbonation process of methane by plasma to produce both carbon black and hydrogen. This process is particularly interesting in an electrical mix context with low carbon emission. It proffers a solution to reduce drastically CO2 emissions rejected by the current carbon black and hydrogen ways of production, which are ones of the most polluting industrial processes.This study aims to develop reliable and robust numerical methods for a better understanding and a greater control of the morphologic features of the carbon black generated. These features play a key role in the quality and applications of the carbon black produced. This research retraces the evolution of the carbon structure from the molecules of the fuel to the formation of nanoparticles and solid microstructures. It tackles different phenomenon such as: nucleation, chemical growth, coagulation, maturity and aggregation.Numerical tools and methods were developed thereby and enable to simulate carbon particle formation. They were successfully implemented in a commercial CFD software. Eventually numerical simulation of the plasma process were performed, integrating heat transfers and turbulence
Liu, Weiji. "Rôle de la micelle de caséine sur la dénaturation thermique des solutions de protéines de lactosérum et les mécanismes d'encrassement." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ULILR014.
Full textThe present work is a contribution to better understand the influence of casein micelles on the fouling of serum whey protein solutions. In particular, experimental and numerical approaches have been carried out, at laboratory and pilot scales, to describe denaturation phenomena and better understand the role of calcium in fouling mechanisms. First of all, the effect of casein/whey mass ratio on the whey protein fouling performance was investigated in a pilot-scale PHE. The total fouling deposit mass drop significantly with the addition of casein, resulting in a minimum value located at Casein/WPI of 0.2. Exceeding this critical ratio, fouling deposit increased with elevated casein concentrations. The deposit mass drop (Casein/WPI ≤ 0.2) is unlikely to be linked to the thermal denaturation of BLG and is more probably due to the change in mineral interactions introduced by casein. The increased fouling mass (Casein/WPI ≥ 0.2) was attributed to a co-precipitation of BLG-casein complex that enhances the fouling. It is proposed that micellar casein change deeply the calcium balance and the content of CaP nanocluster modifies sharply the interactions which occur between protein species (BLG, caseins) and mineral elements (ionic calcium, Ca-P) thereby affecting the protein denaturation and fouling behavior. A novel kinetic model concerning thermal unfolding and aggregation of BLG was established. This model interprets mathematically the break-slope behavior in the Arrhenius plot and provides detailed thermodynamic information for both unfolding and aggregation processes. Based on this model, it was confirmed that ionic calcium has a protective role on the thermal unfolding of BLG at low temperature. In contrast, at higher temperatures, calcium promotes aggregation and the formation of unfolded BLG species. A bench-scale fouling rig was built to perform whey protein fouling experiments in a laminar regime. A realistic 3D CFD model was achieved to simulate both the bulk and surface reactions. Results showed a linear relationship between the deposition pre-exponential factor and calcium concentration, suggesting the fouling is built in such a pattern that only one calcium ion per BLG molecule is involved. Calcium was confirmed to be essential to fouling growth with significant effects both on the thermal denaturation and deposition processes. Finally, the effect of casein/whey ratio on the whey protein fouling was investigated in the laboratory-scale fouling device. Results revealed a similar effect of casein on fouling mitigation as those found in the pilot plant. However, in this case, the fouling was suppressed and maintained at a low extent even at high Casein/WPI ratios (up to 4). The presence of individual caseins in the serum phase was considered to be responsible for this fouling mitigation probably through their chaperon-like activities. However, when the pH of the fouling solution is set at 6.6, casein is shown to lose its fouling-mitigating effect at higher ratios. This behavior is related to its weak ability of casein micelle to control ionic calcium in the serum phase at lower pH, resulting in higher calcium concentration facilitating BLG denaturation and deposition accumulation. A lower amount of dissociated caseins in the serum phase at pH 6.6 could also explain the increase in fouling mass because they are not in sufficient concentration to perform chaperone-like functions
Choquart, François. "Etude et modélisation d'un véhicule doté d'un système de chauffage par parois rayonnantes pour l'étude du confort thermique des passagers." Paris, ENMP, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ENMP1243.
Full textSimo, tala Jules voguelin. "Analyse des structures tourbillonnaires et des mécanismes de transfert thermique dans les échangeurs de chaleur multi-rangs de tubes ailetés : Amélioration et optimisation des performances thermoaérauliques." Phd thesis, Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambresis, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00718623.
Full textRodney, David. "Dislocations et processus élémentaires de la plasticité dans les métaux CFC : apport des simulations à l'échelle atomique." Grenoble INPG, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999INPG0184.
Full textZiylan, Umit. "Interaction de la protéine de stress Hsp70 avec les cellules dendritiques et utilisation de cet outil dans le cadre d'une vaccination cotre VIH : Etude du trafic de la Langerine dans les cellules de Langerhans épidermiques humaines." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STR13027.
Full textIn the first part of this work, we studied the existing interactions between heat shock proteins (HSP), which are able to induce immunity, and dendritic cells (DC). We showed that Hsp60 and Hsp70 share common receptors on human DCs. This HSPs are cointernalized with the class I major histocompatibility molecules (MHC), and accumulate in class II MHC molecules rich compartments. Therefore, chaperoned peptides could be transferred onto MHC class I and Class II molecules during with transport. After, we studied the consequences of the Hsp70 interaction with human DCs. We showed that this protein isn't able to induce the phenotypic maturation of DCs, nor cytokine secretion. We think that the maturation observed by the other laboratories seems to be related to endotoxine contamination. Finally, we used HSPs in order to induce cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses, against HIV protein (gag) derived peptides. The first results weren't conclusive. In the second part of this work, we showed that Langerine continuously recycle between Langerhans cells surface and recycling compartments. Moreover, our work suggests that Birbeck granule formation is dependent of this Langerine accumulation into recycling compartments. In this recycling compartments, Langerine, a C-type lectin which able to fix mannose residues, could transfer the glycolipidic antigen onto CD1a molecule
Paraiso, Kolani. "Modélisation et simulation numérique de l’élaboration du verre dans les procédés de vitrification des déchets nucléaires de haute activité." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021SORUS401.
Full textThe calcination-vitrification process has been used in France for over 30 years for the containment of high level nuclear waste arising from the spent fuel reprocessing. The use of numerical tools has proved to be essential for the process understanding and optimization. In the past ten years,numerical simulation works on the thermal, hydraulic and electromagnetic aspects involved in the vitrification process have been carried out in the context of the cold crucible development, a new type of furnace commissioned in 2010. As a continuation of these studies, the objective of the phd work is to add to the existing simulations, a modeling of the chemical aspects taking place during the nuclear glass synthesis, especially during the feeding with glass frit and calcine. In this perspective, a kinetic modeling of the reaction mechanism has been proposed based on data from thermal analyses. The coupling of this model with the magneto-thermo-hydraulic simulation tools was implemented and validated based on tests carried out at the mock-up scale and data from the industrial scale. Particular attention has been paid to identifying the nature of chemical reactions
Daviau, Noëlie. "Études fines des échanges énergétiques entre les bâtiments et l'atmosphère urbaine." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1005/document.
Full textThis thesis work is about the effect of buildings on the urban atmosphere and more precisely the energetic exchanges that take place between these two systems. In order to model more finely the thermal effects of buildings on the atmospheric flows in simulations run under the CFD software Code_Saturne, we proceed to couple this tool with the building model BuildSysPro. This library is run under Dymola and can generate matrices describing the building thermal properties that can be used outside this software. In order to carry out the coupling, we use these matrices in a code that allows the building thermal calculations and the CFD to exchange their results. After a review about the physical phenomena and the existing models, we explain the interactions between the atmosphere and the urban elements, especially buildings. The latter can impact the air flows dynamically, as they act as obstacles, and thermally, through their surface temperatures. At first, we analyse the data obtained from the measurement campaign EM2PAU that we use in order to validate the coupled model. EM2PAU was carried out in Nantes in 2011 and represents a canyon street with two rows of four containers. Its distinctive feature lies in the simultaneous measurements of the air and wall temperatures as well as the wind speeds with anemometers located on a 10 m-high mast for the reference wind and on six locations in the canyon. This aims for studying the thermal influence of buildings on the air flows. Then the numerical simulations of the air flows in EM2PAU is carried out with different methods that allow us to calculate or impose the surface temperature we use, for each of the container walls. The first method consists in imposing their temperatures from the measurements. For each wall, we set the temperature to the surface temperature that was measured during the EM2PAU campaign. The second method involves imposing the outdoor air temperature that was measured at a given time to all the surfaces, reducing every heat exchange to almost zero. The third method at last is the coupled simulation of Code_Saturne and BuildSysPro where BuildSysPro calculates the wall temperature from the Code_Saturne data. . The results of these different ways of modelling the wall temperatures are then compared in order to show the thermal effects of building wall heating on the air flows. We notice that the dynamic effects are dominant and can generate vertical wind speed that can pass several meters per second. On the other hand, differences of surface temperatures higher than 15°C can influence the vertical wind speed for less than 0.5 meters per second. These thermal effects are not easily highlighted with measured data because of the other phenomena that can impact the air flows. However they can be quantified with numerical studies
Cablé, Axel. "Etude expérimentale et numérique du traitement des ambiances par le vecteur air dans les bâtiments à très basse consommation d'énergie." Phd thesis, Université de La Rochelle, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01066685.
Full textJauré, Stéphan. "Conjugate heat transfer coupling relying on large eddy simulation with complex geometries in massively parallel environments." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2012. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/18534/1/Jaure_Stephan.pdf.
Full textBykalyuk, Anna. "Contribution à l'étude des échanges convectifs à l'interface fluide paroi en présence de matériaux à changement de phase : Application au bâtiment." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ISAL0132/document.
Full textRecent experimental studies have shown that the usual values of the convective heat transfer coefficient h are no longer valid in the presence of phase change materials. Three separate models were developed. Initially a model 1 which treats the fluid-wall (constant temperature) interaction in steady laminar flow has been developed and validated. Then, the wall with heat capacity (model 2) subjected to an air temperature ramp were studied. Finally, a third model (3) has been developed which treats the interaction fluid-wall which contains a phase change material. The results show local peaks of heat flow over time. This fact reflects the phase change inside the wall. Moreover, the curves of the convective heat transfer coefficient indicate the dependence of the coefficient h to the wall’s energy storage capacity. Therefore, the presence of the phase change materials within a wall effect and changes the shape of the thermal boundary layer
Hassan, Cyril. "Simulations, conception et réalisation d'un plafond chauffant et rafraîchissant pour des pièces à usage de bureau." Paris, ENMP, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ENMP1189.
Full textStudies on thermal comfort in office spaces are encouraged by economic and environmental considerations. Radiant air-conditioning ceiling systems are efficient on thermal comfort because they do not create any discomfort and the air temperature is higher than with a all-air system. Their use is cheaper than with a conventional system and so, it provides energy saving. However, their cooling capacity is limited for an office use. After a sizing performed with the software COMFIE®, heat soft pipes are integrated in a radiant air-conditioning ceiling system. With this technology, uniform surface temperatures are observed and high heat transfer rates are achieved. During the tests, effects on the thermal comfort are noticed : operative temperature is higher to 2 or 3 K in heating mode, and lower 3 or 4 K in cooling mode. An advanced numerical simulation of this room is carried out : air velocity field is predicted with the CFD software FLUENT® and the thermal field is calculated with THERMETTE®. These simulations are used to improve the system design : by increasing the radiant ceiling area and the thermal convection coefficient or by a thermal preconditioning on air, the radiant air-conditioning ceiling system would be able to transfer more easily all thermal fluxes
Torré, Jean-Philippe. "Quenching runaway reactions : hydrodynamics and jet injection studies for agitated reactors with a deformed free-surface." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2007. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7658/1/torre.pdf.
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