Relevant bibliographies by topics / CFRCs

Academic literature on the topic 'CFRCs'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 7 July 2024
Last updated: 7 July 2024

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Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Journal articles on the topic "CFRCs":

1

Bayazeid, Sultan M., Kim-Leng Poon, Balakrishnan Subeshan, Mohammed Alamir, and Eylem Asmatulu. "Recovery of impact-damaged carbon fiber–reinforced composites using induction heating." Journal of Composite Materials 56, no. 4 (December 9, 2021): 605–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00219983211058796.

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Carbon fiber–reinforced composites (CFRCs) have been used extensively in structural applications within the aerospace and automotive manufacturing industries. However, several other applications have been recognized. These take advantage of the additional properties of CFRCs, which lead to providing better performance for structures. However, in their service environment, these CFRCs are inevitably susceptible to impact damage from multiple sources, and they must be able to recover from impacts to meet structural requirements. This study directs an experimental investigation of using induction heating (IH) for an impact-damaged CFRC. Here, IH process parameters, including the effects of electromagnetic frequency and generator power on the recovery of impact-damaged CFRC, have been analyzed. The anisotropic conductivity characteristics and the relationship between the drop-weight impact depth and conductivity of CFRC garnered much attention. This paper also offers the electromagnetic properties of CFRC for various applications. In this study, CFRC cured samples were obtained from Cetex® TC1200 PEEK, AS4 145 gsm, 16 unidirectional plies. Three variants of CFRC samples were tested: undamaged samples; samples with impact damage introduced in the center by a drop-weight impact test, according to the ASTM D7136/7136M standard; and samples with drop-weight impact damage recovered using the IH system. This work presents the results of the tensile strength of CFRC samples to assess the comparison of undamaged samples, samples damaged after the drop-weight impact test, and samples recovered after the drop-weight impact test. IH is appropriate for the recovery of impact-damaged CFRC samples, aiding in the conversion of electromagnetic energy to heat in order to generate mechanisms on components to recover the impact-damaged CFRC samples. Experimental results show that the impact-damaged area of the recovered CFRC samples is 37.0% less than that of damaged CFRC samples, and tensile strength results also improved after the impact-damaged CFRC samples were recovered. These results show that the IH method can effectively improve the impact damage performance of CFRC. The outcome of this study is promising for use in many applications, especially in the aerospace and automotive industries.
2

Nyide, Celani John. "A critical evaluation of continuous monitoring of critical financial reporting controls : a case of a National Port Authority in an emerging economy." International Journal of Applied Business and Economic Research 1, no. 1 (June 2003): 801–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.51415/10321/3500.

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Critical Financial Reporting Controls (CFRCs) are developed and implemented by entities to enhance and maintain sound financial reporting across all core financial processes. This entity in this case study performs CFRCs on a quarterly basis in selected regions. There seems to be a problem in some regions regarding continuous monitoring of the CFRCs. Senior management is aware of the quarterly monitoring of the critical financial reporting controls and the benefits of such reviews. However, relatively few senior managers have realised the value added by the continuous monitoring of the CFRCs. The approach used in this study was qualitative and exploratory in nature with a sample size of ten participants. The results show that even though the CFRCs are effective, there are critical control processes which are not value adding. Whilst the National Port Authority (NPA) embraces the continuous monitoring of critical financial reporting controls, the influence by senior management to junior management to override critical controls emerged as a key feature in this study.
3

Hao, Yali, Cheng Shi, Zhenxiao Bi, Ziqiang Lai, Anming She, and Wu Yao. "Recent Advances in Properties and Applications of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Smart Cement-Based Composites." Materials 16, no. 7 (March 23, 2023): 2552. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16072552.

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Under the strategies of low-carbon and environmental protection, promoting green technology innovation to achieve carbon neutrality in the construction field has become a universal goal. As the building material with the highest consumption, concrete has gradually begun to transform into a multi-functional and intelligent product. Therefore, the research on carbon fiber-reinforced cement-based composites (CFRCs) is of relative interest. It mainly uses carbon fibers (CFs) with high elasticity, strength, and conductivity to disperse evenly into the concrete as a functional filler, to achieve the intelligent integration of concrete structures and function innovatively. Furthermore, the electrical conductivity of CFRC is not only related to the content of CFs and environmental factors but also largely depends on the uniform dispersion and the interfacial bonding strength of CFs in cement paste. This work systematically presents a review of the current research status of the enhancement and modification mechanism of CFRC and the evaluation methods of CF dispersion. Moreover, it further discusses the improvement effects of different strengthening mechanisms on the mechanical properties, durability, and smart properties (thermoelectric effect, electrothermal effect, strain-sensitive effect) of CFRC, as well as the application feasibility of CFRC in structural real-time health monitoring, thermal energy harvesting, intelligent deformation adjustment, and other fields. Furthermore, this paper summarizes the problems and challenges faced in the efficient and large-scale applications of CFRCs in civil engineering structures, and accordingly promotes some proposals for future research.
4

Yuan, Hua, Chengguo Wang, Shan Zhang, Xue Lin, and Meijie Yu. "Densification treatment and properties of carbon fiber reinforced contact strip." Science and Engineering of Composite Materials 21, no. 1 (January 1, 2014): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/secm-2012-0177.

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AbstractThe high temperature caused by current-carrying wear could affect the thermal reliability of resin-based contact strip greatly. This study adopted liquid-phase impregnation-carbonization (IC) technique to improve the thermal stability and densification of carbon fiber reinforced contact strip (CFRCS). The influence of this method was investigated by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, thermal gravimetric analysis and energy-dispersive spectrometry; meanwhile, specimen composition and friction and mechanism properties were also analyzed. The results show that heat treatment is helpful in improving the material’s temperature tolerance. When specimens undergo IC treatment four times, resistivity and wear rate would reduce gradually under impregnating conditions of carbonization temperature (800°C), dipping liquid concentration (60%), and dipping temperature (60°C). IC treatment is effective in reducing material porosity and improving the impact resistance performance compared with only carbonized sample. Densification treatment can also improve the samples’ compressive strength and bending strength. The main wear mechanisms of CFRCS-25 and CFRCS-800 against copper with electrical current are similar; these are arc erosion wear and oxidation wear accompanied by adhesive wear. Adhesive wear and oxidative wear is more severe for CFRCS-25 than CFRCS-800.
5

Madrid Troconis, Cristhian Camilo, and Samantha Molina Pérez. "Bond strength of self-adhesive flowable resin composites to tooth structure." Brazilian Journal of Oral Sciences 20 (April 16, 2021): e213641. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/bjos.v20i00.8663641.

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Aim: To review the current literature regarding the bond strength of self-adhesive flowable resin composites (SAFRCs) to tooth structure, comparing the outcomes with conventional flowable resin composites (CFRCs). Methods: PubMed/Medline, EbscoHost and Scopus databases were screened (last update on November 2020) using related Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) and free terms. We included in vitro studies published in English language comparing the bond strength of SAFRCs and CFRCs to enamel and/or dentin from primary and/or permanent teeth. Results: In total, 23 articles were included. Unlike CFRCs, SAFRCs such as Vertise® Flow and Fusio™ Liquid Dentin exhibited statistically lower bond strength to enamel and dentin from permanent teeth. There were limited studies comparing the enamel bond strength of CFRCs and SAFRCs (prior phosphoric acid etching and/or adhesive system use). Also, we found few studies that evaluated the bonding effectiveness of Constic® and other SAFRCs to primary teeth. Conclusions: Current SAFRCs showed low bond strength to permanent teeth, which impedes to recommend them as a reliable alternative to CFRCs. The bonding performance of Constic® on both hard dental tissues should be evaluated on future studies. Also, more evidence assessing the bond strength of SAFRCs to primary teeth and etched enamel is needed.
6

Safari, Faraz, Abdolvahed Kami, and Vahid Abedini. "3D printing of continuous fiber reinforced composites: A review of the processing, pre- and post-processing effects on mechanical properties." Polymers and Polymer Composites 30 (January 2022): 096739112210987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09673911221098734.

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The main objective of this study is to review existing research on the application of fused deposition modeling (FDM) for 3D printing of continuous fiber reinforced composites (CFRCs). An overview of additive manufacturing technology production techniques is provided first, followed by a look into FDM technology. The articles on CFRC printing were then summarized. The type of reinforcing material and matrix utilized, the studied parameters, the mechanical tests, and their results, are all listed. Various pre-processing, processing, and post-processing conditions, as well as their impact on CFRC mechanical properties, were also discussed. Finally, several study gaps were identified and suggestions for further research were presented.
7

Safari, Faraz, Abdolvahed Kami, and Vahid Abedini. "3D printing of continuous fiber reinforced composites: A review of the processing, pre- and post-processing effects on mechanical properties." Polymers and Polymer Composites 30 (January 2022): 096739112210987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09673911221098734.

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The main objective of this study is to review existing research on the application of fused deposition modeling (FDM) for 3D printing of continuous fiber reinforced composites (CFRCs). An overview of additive manufacturing technology production techniques is provided first, followed by a look into FDM technology. The articles on CFRC printing were then summarized. The type of reinforcing material and matrix utilized, the studied parameters, the mechanical tests, and their results, are all listed. Various pre-processing, processing, and post-processing conditions, as well as their impact on CFRC mechanical properties, were also discussed. Finally, several study gaps were identified and suggestions for further research were presented.
8

Guadagno, L., M. Raimondo, U. Vietri, L. Vertuccio, G. Barra, B. De Vivo, P. Lamberti, et al. "Effective formulation and processing of nanofilled carbon fiber reinforced composites." RSC Advances 5, no. 8 (2015): 6033–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra12156b.

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A very simple process to manufacture CFRCs was used. DC conductivity values (20 kS m−1 for the in plane value and 3.9 S m−1 for the out of plane at T = 30 °C) are among the highest values found for CFRCs impregnated with MWCNTs based epoxy-resin.
9

Yuan, Dongdong, Wei Jiang, Zheng Tong, Jie Gao, Jingjing Xiao, and Wanli Ye. "Prediction of Electrical Conductivity of Fiber-Reinforced Cement-Based Composites by Deep Neural Networks." Materials 12, no. 23 (November 23, 2019): 3868. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12233868.

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This study presents a deep-learning method for characterizing carbon fiber (CF) distribution and predicting electrical conductivity of CF-reinforced cement-based composites (CFRCs) using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images. First, SEM images were collected from CFRC specimens with different CF contents. Second, a fully convolutional network (FCN) was utilized to extract carbon fiber components from the SEM images. Then, DSEM and Dsample were used to evaluate the distribution of CFs. DSEM and Dsample reflected the real CF distribution in an SEM observation area and a specimen, respectively. Finally, a radial basis neural network was used to predict the electrical conductivity of the CFRC specimens, and its weights (di) were used to evaluate the effects of CF distribution on electrical conductivity. The results showed that the FCN could accurately segment CFs in SEM images with different magnifications. Dsample could accurately reflect the morphological distribution of CFs in CFRC. The electrical conductivity prediction errors were less than 6.58%. In addition, di could quantitatively evaluate the effect of CF distribution on CFRC conductivity.
10

Marinis, D., E. Farsari, C. Alexandridou, E. Amanatides, and D. Mataras. "Chemical recovery of carbon fibers from composites via plasma assisted solvolysis." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2692, no. 1 (February 1, 2024): 012017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2692/1/012017.

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Abstract In this work plasma assisted solvolysis using nitric acid is proposed for chemical recovery of carbon fibers from carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy resin composites (CFRCs). Complete decomposition of the epoxy matrix could be achieved, regardless the composites’ geometry. The efficiency of the process was examined in terms of a) process duration, b) resin decomposition rate and c) materials properties. SEM and EDX data showed that the recovered fiber surfaces are almost free of epoxy resin residuals and their tensile strength was comparable to that of typical virgin carbon fiber. The process decomposition efficiency is very high without requiring additional organic solvents or high temperature / pressure, stressing the potential of this method for viable recycling of CFRCs.
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Journal articles Dissertations / Theses Books

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "CFRCs":

1

Zhang, Teng. "Elaboration and characterization of functionalized hybrid carbon fiber reinforced composites (CFRCs) for innovative applications." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UBFCA005.

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Les besoins d’allègement de poids dans le transport principalement en vue d’une réduction des émissions des gaz à effet de serre placent les composites à renfort de fibres de carbone (CFRC) comme matériaux potentiels. La fonctionnalisation de ces matériaux leur confèrerait une valeur ajoutée et de nouvelles perspectives d’application. La fonctionnalisation des composites CFRC implique de nombreux travaux de recherche qui se heurtent à une problématique de la décohésion du dépôt de surface en raison de la faible adhérence CFRC-dépôt, car les deux parties étant respectivement en polymère et en métal. Ce problème est un verrou scientifique. L’objectif de ce travail de thèse est alors de mettre au point une solution de fonctionnalisation de surface d’un composite CFRC par une technique de métallisation par collision à haute vitesse. Une partie des travaux effectués consiste à développer une structure composite hybride constituée d’une structure CFRC et d’une sous-couche composée d’une phase métallique et d’une phase polymère calibrée pour compatibiliser la structure CFRC et la technique de métallisation par projection à froid.Une partie de ce travail de thèse est consacrée à l’élaboration d’un système hybride CFRC/sous-couche biphasique superficielle en polymère/métal. Le procédé d’infusion sous vide a été mis en œuvre pour la polymérisation de ce système. La sous-couche biphasique consiste en un mélange de poudre micrométrique métallique avec de la résine thermodurcissable (époxy) ou thermoplastique (poly méthacrylate de méthyle) à différentes concentrations, permettant de produire des sous-couches de type TS-Al, TS-Cu, ou TP-Cu directement intégrées à la surface de la structure CFRC. Des essais de métallisation de ces sous-couches par projection à froid ont ensuite été réalisés, en utilisant le système de projection à basse pression Dymet 423. Des poudres de cuivre, d’aluminium, de zinc et d’étain sont choisies comme matériau de métallisation en raison de leur bonne conductivité électrique et thermique. Des poudres composites constituées d’un mélange métal/alumine ont aussi été considérées pour améliorer la formation de revêtement en tirant profit de l’effet de martelage produit par les particules d’alumine. Un revêtement (Sn + Al2O3) d’une épaisseur de 60 µm a été obtenu sur la sous-couche TS-Cu, démontrant en cela la faisabilité d’une métallisation d’une structure CFRC via la sous-couche biphasique, par projection à basse pression.Une autre partie de cette thèse porte sur une analyse phénoménologique de la réponse mécanique de la sous-couche biphasique TS en utilisant la simulation numérique. La collision à haute vitesse endommage la sous-couche à matrice thermodurcissable qui se fragmente sous l’effet de la contrainte de collision. Ce phénomène explique la difficulté de formation de revêtement sur la sous-couche à base de polymère thermodurcissable. Afin d’identifier des matériaux polymères appropriés pour une bonne tenue mécanique de la sous-couche pendant la collision à haute vitesse, une simulation sur des substrats thermoplastiques (TP et TP-Cu) a été étudiée. Les résultats montrent une pénétration des particules de Cu projetées, dans le substrat TP, en formant en cela une adhésion métal/résine par ancrage mécanique. Les particules de Cu constituant la sous-couche permettent de favoriser la déformation plastique des particules de Cu projetées, et ensuite la formation d’un revêtement. Ce constat a permis d’élaborer des essais expérimentaux de projection à froid à haute pression pour métalliser des substrats à base de matrice TP. Il en résulte une formation de revêtement pour différentes poudres (Cu sphérique, Cu dendritique, Cu + Al2O3). Le revêtement obtenu peut atteindre une épaisseur de 95 µm, 231 µm et 114 µm respectivement. Ces résultats démontrent bien la faisabilité d’une métallisation d’une structure CFRC via une sous-couche biphasique TP et une technique additive par projection à froid à haute pression
Carbon fiber reinforced composites (CFRC) have been successfully developed since decades as efficient and lightweight materials for various innovative applications and mostly for transport applications. Due to the low electrical conductivity of the polymer matrix of CFRCs, a better functionalization of such materials, such as developing a metallic coating on the CFRC structure of an aircraft, brings added values that contribute to a longer life and new performances such as the lightning strike protection (LSP) performance. The major objective of this PhD research program is to improve the metallization of a CFRC substrate by a new approach that focuses on the development of a hybrid layered structure made of CFRC and a biphasic sublayer embedded onto the top surface of this structure, prior to a cold spray metallization. To achieve this objective, the research works rely on an experimental task and a computational analysis which can be divided into three significant contributions:The first experimental part focuses on the development of a biphasic sublayer in between the CFRC substrate and the metal coating. This sublayer consists of a mixture of a polymer (Thermoset Epoxy, Thermoplastic Polymethyl methacrylate) with a micron sized metal powder (Al, Cu). The vacuum assisted resin infusion process is used to produce the hybrid CFRC with the biphasic sublayer on its top face. Prior to the cold spray metallization, the thermo-physical properties of the hybrid CFRCs/biphasic sublayer are characterized using a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis and a thermal conductivity measurement. The mechanical properties of the hybrid CFRC system are characterized by means of mechanical testing (impact test, tensile test, three-point flexural test, lap-shear adhesion test).The second part of this PhD work investigates the metallization of the hybrid system CFRC/biphasic sublayer using the low-pressure cold spray Dymet 423 system. Copper, aluminum, zinc, and tin powders are used as coating material due to their good electrical and thermal conductivity. Powder mixtures made of these metals and alumina powders (Al2O3) are considered as other potential materials for the cold spray metallization of the biphasic sublayer/CFRC system. An embedment of the cold spray powders onto the biphasic sublayer is found to ease the coating formation, except for the Cu cold spray powder. A continuous 60 μm thick coating of Sn+Al2O3 is obtained onto the biphasic TS-Cu sublayer, that shows the feasibility of surface functionalization of CFRC via a biphasic sublayer and a low-pressure cold spraying.The third part of this PhD work focuses on a phenomenological analysis of the mechanical response of the TS biphasic sublayer during the high-speed collision of the cold spray process. This part aims to depict further improvements through a computational analysis. The erosion issue of the epoxy matrix of the sublayer is found to govern the unsuccessful coating formation onto the thermoset sublayer. Therefore, to find out suitable biphasic polymer materials, a simulation of a Cu powder collision onto thermoplastic media (TP and TP-Cu) has been investigated, that shows a good embedment of the Cu powder onto the TP substrate via a mechanical interlocking (metal-to-resin bonding). The copper particles of the biphasic TP-Cu sublayer enable to promote a plastic deformation of the sprayed Cu particles and is conducive to a bonding formation and coating growth. Finally, to provide a proof of concept, experimental HPCS metallization onto biphasic sublayers made of a TP matrix are performed. A continuous coating formation of spherical Cu, dendritic Cu, and Cu+Al2O3 is obtained onto TP-Cu sublayer, with a thickness of 95 µm, 231 µm, and 114 μm respectively. Thereby, the feasibility of the metallization of CFRC via a TP biphasic sublayer and a high-pressure cold spray deposition has been demonstrated
2

Sutherland, Ian George. "The effect of CFCs on PCE biodegradation." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ58672.pdf.

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3

Merzliakov, Y. S., and D. O. Levchenko. "Thе influence of CFCs on the environment." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2012. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/28640.

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4

Mallen-Ornelas, Gabriela. "Internal kinematics of CFRS galaxies at z ƒ 0.6." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ50044.pdf.

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5

Ozel, Halil Firat. "Comparison Of The 2d And 3d Analyses Methods For Cfrds." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614814/index.pdf.

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The purpose is to compare the 2D and 3D analysis methodologies in investigating the performance of a Concrete Faced Rockfill Dam (CFRD) under static and dynamic loading conditions. Ç
okal Dam is the case study which is a CFRD located in northwest Turkey at the Thracian Peninsula. Rockfill interface and faceplate were simulated as nonlinear modulus of elasticity, detailed nonlinear tractive behavior and total strain rotating crack model, respectively. These behaviors were calibrated to define the exact behavior by detailed material tests. The analyses that cannot be done by 2D analyses, such as stress, crack width distribution along the face slab are conducted by 3D analyses to determine the necessity of these outcomes. Since effect of valley ends cannot be produced by 2D analyses, it is necessary to check 3D analyses to ensure liability of the results. Another comparison between detailed analysis of 2D models and linear elastic 2D models were covered to get practical and industrial solutions for the guiding methods of CFRDs for preliminary designs in this study.
6

Borstnar, Gregor. "Micro-mechanical contributions to interlaminar toughness in particle-toughened CFRPs." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2016. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/393743/.

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The main objective of this thesis was to increase the understanding of interlaminar toughening mechanisms in particle-toughened interlayers within carbon/epoxy laminates. High-resolution Synchrotron Radiation Computed Tomography (SRCT)and Synchrotron Radiation Computed Laminography (SRCL) allowed the crack tip micro-mechanisms to be observed in situ under Mode I and Mode II quasi-static loading conditions. Fracture toughness tests were undertaken to establish the ranking of the ten different material systems, which were compared in terms of the micro-mechanisms observed. Two different intermediate modulus fibres were investigated, with combinations of three different particle types dispersed within the interlayers. The work showed that interlaminar failure in the materials involves a complex process zone, rather than a singular crack tip. Three distinct crack wake bridging mechanisms were identified, namely; fibre-bridging, epoxy-bridging, and particle-bridging ligaments. It was determined that an interlaminar crack path provided a high Mode I and Mode II fracture toughness. The ligament-rich and tortuous crack path appeared to provide higher energy dissipation than the comparably smooth intralaminar failure at the ply interface and associated fibre-bridging mechanisms. Quantitatively, the work showed that a larger number of bridging ligaments in particle containing interlayers correlated to a higher Mode I fracture toughness. Provided that the particles in question could maintain an interlaminar crack path, the particle size and type had a less significant effect on the Mode II toughness. Digital Volume Correlation (DVC) was employed to quantify interlayer strains head of a Mode I crack, showing that the toughening particles can be used as effective markers to enable displacement tracking. A finite element (FE) model was used to explore key variables that were identified experimentally to have an effect on the crack path. The fibre interface strength, particle cohesive strength, density and distribution were shown to affect crack paths. The results implied that the role of the particles is to alleviate the stresses at the ply interface by de-bonding or fracturing internally, following which additional toughness may be generated via the formation of bridging ligaments as failure occurs within the interlayer. Overall, the work is intended to support material development and lead to better predictive capabilities for these materials that are increasingly used in primary aerospace structures.
7

Lee, Julia Margaret. "Determination of stratospheric lifetimes of HCFCs and other halogenated hydrocarbons from balloon-borne profile measurements." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.238852.

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8

Lundin, Anders, and Hofgaard Arvid Engelmark. "Face Settlement Reduction in High CFRDs through Optimisation of Rockfill Compaction." Thesis, KTH, Mark- och vattenteknik (flyttat 20130630), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-171818.

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China’s government invests in hydropower and explicitly in larger dams. An increasing share of such large dams is globally represented by the type Concrete Face Rockfill Dam (CFRD) due to its safe behaviour at a relatively low construction cost. China is however building them higher than has earlier been done and the lack of worldwide experience requires thorough studies on their behaviour. This report presents a study of the Cihaxia dam that is to be built in the river basin of Huang He, regarding the optimisation of an increased rockfill compaction and its final effects on the settlements of the concrete face. The settlements of a typical cross section of the Cihaxia dam are modelled with a Finite Element Method (FEM) program with varying values for a number of structural properties. The effect of each variation indicates what properties that will have the largest effect on the behaviour of the finished structure and points out where focus shall be laid when optimising the design of a high CFRD. The outcome of the FEM analysis shows the static comportment of the rockfill body and its concrete face at two stages, at the end of construction and after reservoir impoundment. The difference between the two provides data on what effects the water load would cause, which constitute the main displacements of the concrete slabs. It is evident from the obtained results that the most important of the studied parameters alongside with the level of compaction is the geometrical extension downwards and inwards of the zone subject to increased compaction. A higher degree of compaction will always produce a beneficial decrease of settlements but might not always be economically legitimate as costs rapidly increase with higher levels of compaction. An adequate level of a CFRD’s compaction increase can with advantage be determined by comparing different designs regarding the volumetric percentage to compact against the calculated decrease in slab deflection.
9

Willway, Teresa A. "Stiff, light, highly damped CFRPS and the effect of complex loads on damping." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1986. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/52300/.

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The damping of perfectly bonded CFRPs may only be increased by increasing the energy dissipation in the matrix. Accordingly the use of short fibres results in a slight increase in loss factor for a negligible sacrifice in stiffness by introducing shear strain magnification at the fibre tips. However, selection of a highly dissipative matrix resin along with the careful design of fibre lay-up yielded a stiff light CFRP with substantially increased damping. An experimental apparatus was designed and built, which enabled the loss factors of CFRPs undergoing both applied and induced combined shear and flexural vibrations to be measured. Predictions of combined mode damping behaviour were made according to existing equivalent strain analyses applied firstly to the CFRP as a macroscopically homogeneous material and secondly to the resin as the dissipating phase of the CFRP. The former produced qualitative agreement with experimental results, although physical considerations suggest this agreement to be coincidental only. The latter analysis was concluded to be more representative although the effects of shear deformation ignored in the model were found to be highly significant. Examination of the effects of high dynamic strain amplitudes on the structural damping of longitudinally restrained members necessitated a revision of the fundamental definition of structural loss factor and the implications of linear material damping. Consequently the basic assumption that for a linearly damped material structural loss factor equals the material loss factor was contradicted. High amplitude strains were found to have negligible effect on resin or CFRP damping, whilst induced axial strains significantly reduced the flexural loss factor. Experimental results endorsed the theoretical models. CFRPs, like resins, displayed essentially linear damping characteristics throughout the investigations. Future analyses of damping should concentrate on energy dissipation in specimens rather than their loss factors.
10

Robitaille, Daniel Y. "On the use of CFCs in an oceanic general circulation model." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ32677.pdf.

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Books on the topic "CFRCs":

1

Establishment, Building Research, ed. CFCs in buildings. Watford: Building Research Establishment, 1992.

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2

Cooper, André R. RCRA CFRs made easy. Rockville, Md: ABS Consulting, Government Institutes, 2002.

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W, Lichtenberg Fran, and Society of the Plastics Industry. Polyurethane Division., eds. CFCs & the polyurethane industry. New York, N.Y: Society of the Plastics Industry, Polyurethane Division, 1988.

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Curwell, S. R. Use of CFCS in buildings. London: Fernsheer, 1988.

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Appleyard, Peter. Replacing CFCs - an industry success. London: Shell International Petroleum Company, 1994.

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National Association of Power Engineers (U.S.). National Education Committee., ed. CFCs-- recovery, the law & testing. Chicopee, MA: The Association, 1993.

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Yoder, Lowell D. CFCs, foreign personal holding company income. [Washington, D.C.]: Tax Management Inc., 2004.

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Yoder, Lowell D. CFCs--sections 959-965 and 1248. [Washington, D.C.]: Tax Management, Inc., 2006.

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Sutherland, Ian George. The effect of CFCs on PCE biodegradation. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 2001.

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Weir, Fiona. Fridges and CFCs: Alternatives and safe disposal. London: Friends of the Earth, 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "CFRCs":

1

Rotmans, Jan. "The CFCs Module." In Image: An Integrated Model to Assess the Greenhouse Effect, 111–21. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0691-4_6.

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Rao, V. N. M. "Alternatives to Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)." In Organofluorine Chemistry, 159–75. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1202-2_7.

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Bruner, F., F. Mangani, and M. Maione. "Measurements of CFCs in Antarctica." In Non-CO2 Greenhouse Gases: Why and How to Control?, 219–24. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0982-6_24.

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Powell, Richard L., and J. Hugo Steven. "CFCs and the Environment: Further Observations." In Organofluorine Chemistry, 617–29. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1202-2_31.

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Flores, Héctor, and Francois Hammer. "CFRS: The Minimal Ages for Starburst Galaxies." In The Early Universe with the VLT, 388–89. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-49709-7_51.

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Gurney, Celia, and Mamoudou N’Diaye. "LOLs: Secret Weapon Against CFCs and CO2?" In Storytelling to Accelerate Climate Solutions, 161–202. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-54790-4_9.

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Abstract Read This Chapter If You Do Not Want to Get F**ked The climate crisis is serious, confusing, and has a lot of words people don’t understand. But everybody understands comedy! So, how do we weave these two very different fields together? Well, we don’t have to—it’s already happening. This chapter gives a brief overview of the history of entertainment-education; highlights research that demonstrates the efficacy of comedy as a communication strategy; details how various creators are using comedy to break down barriers to understanding how completely f**ked we are if we fail to build a more inclusive, justice-oriented clean energy economy; and explains what the climate change comedy field needs to move forward. If being completely f**ked is not on your agenda or the agenda of the future generations in your family, please read this chapter and join these collective efforts. Increased support and engagement could open doors for more mass media outlets, shows, and other entertainment projects to improve accessibility for the climate justice movement and invite more allies into it.
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Hayes, B. J. "Experiences of Non-Aerospace Application of CFRPs in Europe." In Carbon Fibres and Their Composites, 253–60. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70725-4_16.

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Toska, Klajdi, Flora Faleschini, Mariano Angelo Zanini, Lorenzo Hofer, and Carlo Pellegrino. "Rapid Repair of Damaged RC Columns Through CFRCM Confinement." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 40–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91877-4_5.

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Berends, R. J., E. M. van den Haak, E. C. B. Koerts, G. Kraijo, I. M. Mewe, G. J. Harmsen, and S. M. Lemkowitz. "Integrating sustainability into design of alternatives for CFCs." In Non-CO2 Greenhouse Gases: Scientific Understanding, Control and Implementation, 399–404. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9343-4_63.

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Yamabe, Masaaki. "The Importance of Chemical Substitutes to Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)." In Twenty Years of Ozone Decline, 429–37. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2469-5_32.

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Conference papers on the topic "CFRCs":

1

Guadagno, Liberata, Marialuigia Raimondo, Umberto Vietri, Giuseppina Barra, Luigi Vertuccio, Ruggero Volponi, Giovanni Cosentino, Felice De Nicola, Andrea Grilli, and Paola Spena. "Development of multifunctional carbon fiber reinforced composites (CFRCs) - Manufacturing process." In TIMES OF POLYMERS (TOP) AND COMPOSITES 2014: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Times of Polymers (TOP) and Composites. AIP Publishing LLC, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4876878.

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MENDOZA, ISABELLA, and LESLIE LAMBERSON. "SUBSTRUCTURE DAMAGE TOLERANCING IN CARBON FIBER COMPOSITES UNDER IMPACT FATIGUE." In Proceedings for the American Society for Composites-Thirty Seventh Technical Conference. Destech Publications, Inc., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/asc37/36406.

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The service life of aircraft structural components often experience sub-catastrophic impact events, such as during launch and landing cycles or blunt impacts from ground service equipment. These occurrences lead to impact fatigue that can result in damage of the carbon fiber-reinforced composite structural components (CFRCs). Due to their stacked lay-up structure, internal damage may not manifest visibly on the surface as it could for a solid isotropic material. Consequently, it is critical to quantify subsurface damage accurately, including the link between impact energy, loading cycles and reduction in elastic stiffness parameters of composite structures for more rigorous service life predictions. A unique identification method to quantify impact fatigue substructure damage in the form of stiffness degradation is considered here. The method leverages deflectometry, a full-field optical method with high sensitivity to surface defects not visible to the naked eye. Coupled with the use of the Virtual Fields Method (VFM), this approach is demonstrated numerically through finite element ABAQUS simulations.
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Filho, Wilson Z. Franco. "CFCs and Autoparts." In SAE Brasil 96 V International Mobility Technology Conference and Exhibit. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/962332.

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Steen, Marc, and Constantina Filiou. "Mechanical Property Scatter in CFCCs." In ASME 1998 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/98-gt-319.

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The tensile response of continuous fibre reinforced ceramic matrix composites (CFCCs) is not expected to show the large variation in strength properties commonly observed for monolithic ceramics. Results of recent investigations on a number of 2D reinforced CFCCs have nevertheless revealed a considerable scatter in the initial elastic modulus, in the first matrix cracking stress and in the failure stress. One school of thought considers that the observed variability is caused by experimental factors. Elaborate testing programmes have been set up to clarify the origins of this scatter by investigation of the effects of control mode, loading rate, specimen shape, etc.. Another school explains the scatter by the presence of (axial) residual stresses in the fibres and in the matrix. Although plausible, this hypothesis is difficult to verify because experimental determination of the residual stress state in CFCCs is not straightforward. In addition, with the available methods it is impractical to determine the residual stresses in every test specimen. This approach is indeed required for establishing the relationship between the magnitude of the residual stresses and the experimentally observed scatter. At IAM a method has been developed and validated which allows to quantify the axial residual stress state in individual CFCC specimens by subjecting them to intermittent unloading-reloading cycles. The method as well as the derived relationship between residual stress state and scatter in mechanical response will be presented.
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Imperiale, Vita, and Ian Bond. "Autonomous self-healing of damaged CFRPs." In 53rd AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference
20th AIAA/ASME/AHS Adaptive Structures Conference
14th AIAA. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2012-1649.

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Youzhi Wang, Xiaowei Wen, and Yuanyuan Sun. "Experimental Study on CFRC Impermeability." In 2008 International Symposium on Information Science and Engineering (ISISE). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isise.2008.292.

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Ghaffari, Sarvenaz, Guillaume Seon, and Andrew Makeev. "Microstructurally Tailored Materials Improving Structural Performance." In Vertical Flight Society 79th Annual Forum & Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0079-2023-18172.

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High-modulus (HM) carbon fiber-reinforced polymers (CFRPs) have attracted strong demand by the rotorcraft industry as such materials can potentially enable lightweight airframes and rotor components with significant weight savings. However, low fiber-direction compressive strength, compared to intermediate-modulus (IM) CFRPs currently used in primary structures, has been a well-recognized weakness of HM CFRPs, prohibiting their implementation in rotorcraft platforms. Microstructural tailoring provides an innovative means for breaking through the fiber-direction compressive strength barrier of the HM CFRPs. Microbuckling, the fiber-direction compressive failure mechanism of the subject HM and IM CFRPs, is driven by fiber-matrix interface shear strength. Assessment of the interface properties using in-situ SEM-based experiments reveal substantial difference in surface topology between IM and HM fibers, which is related to higher interface strength in HM fibers. This instigates a microstructural tailoring approach of reinforcing material surrounding HM fibers with IM fibers to improve microstructural stability. A manufacturing system has been developed, and promising results enabling HM CFRPs with adequate fiber-direction compressive strength have been achieved through hybridization of IM and HM fibers at the filament level in HM CFRP toughened with nano-silica. A new material achieving compressive strength of IM CFRPs but with >30% higher modulus has been developed.
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GHAFFARI, SARVENAZ, GUILLAUME SEON, and ANDREW MAKEEV. "EFFECT OF FIBER-MATRIX INTERFACE ON FIBER-DIRECTION COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF CARBON FIBER COMPOSITES." In Proceedings for the American Society for Composites-Thirty Eighth Technical Conference. Destech Publications, Inc., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/asc38/36617.

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The rotorcraft industry has shown a strong interest in High-modulus (HM) carbon fiber-reinforced polymers (CFRPs) due to their potential to create lightweight airframes and rotor components, resulting in significant weight reduction. However, a major drawback of HM CFRPs has been their very low compressive strength in the fiber direction compared to the currently used intermediate-modulus (IM) CFRPs in primary structures. This weakness has been delaying the implementation of HM CFRPs in aircraft structures. Microstructural tailoring may provide an innovative means for breaking through the fiber-direction compressive strength barrier of the HM CFRPs. The primary failure mechanism in both HM and IM CFRPs under fiber-direction compression is shear microbucking, which is significantly influenced by fiber-matrix interface strength. In-depth analysis using in-situ scanning electron microscopy (SEM) experiments has revealed significant differences in the surface characteristics of the carbon fibers, leading to a much stronger interface for IM fibers compared to HM fibers. These findings have prompted a microstructural tailoring strategy involving the reinforcement of HM fibers with IM fibers, which enhances the overall stability of the microstructure governing the fiber-direction compressive strength performance of the material. A laboratory-scale production-quality manufacturing system has been delivered, and promising experimental results enabling HM CFRPs with adequate fiber-direction compressive strength have been achieved through hybridization of IM and HM fibers at the filament level in HM CFRP toughened with nano-silica. This new material solution not only approaches the compressive strength of IM CFRPs but also provides more than 30% higher axial modulus.
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Coda Zabetta, Edgardo, Patrik Yrjas, Mikko Hupa, Juha Roppo, and Marko Nylund. "Optimizing Ammonia Injection in Bio-Fuelled CFBCs." In 18th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fbc2005-78114.

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The reduction of nitrogen oxides (NOx) via ammonia injection (NH3) was investigated for circulating fluidized bed combustors (CFBCs) fuelled with mixtures of coal, peat, wood, bark, and logging residues. The reference boiler was the Alholmen Kraft, i.e. the largest co-fired unit in the world (550 MWth, 194 kg/s, 165 bar, 545 °C). The boiler featured ammonia injectors at the cyclone. Fuel composition, gas composition, and temperature were measured at suitable locations along the boiler while operating with diverse fuel mixtures. A chemical model was developed for analyzing the NOx reduction and was validated against measurements. The model accounts for the elemental composition of fuels, the composition of gases at the cyclone and in the stack, and the profile of temperature from cyclone to stack. The chemical reactions downstream the ammonia injection are described by gas-phase detailed chemical kinetics and accounting for ideal mixing. Measurements and simulations reveal that NOx reductions of over 50% are achievable for any fuel mixture and with moderate amounts of ammonia. Reductions are mainly affected by the temperature. All simulations show the existence of a maximum reduction vs. temperature, whose extent and location is affected by the concentrations of CO, NO, and the molar ratio [NH3]injected/[NO]cyclone. Simulations also indicate that with fuel mixtures other than the mixtures used in the reference boiler the maximum reduction is also affected by the concentrations of H2O, O2, CxHy, and N2O. Finally, simulations suggest an additional strategy for reducing emissions in co-fired CFBCs, where the N2O formed from coal is used to support the NOx reduction by ammonia, thus reducing NOx while maintaining acceptable N2O emissions. Further investigation is necessary for clarifying the details of this strategy. Under all circumstances, the only N-based pollutants predicted in detectable amounts are NO and N2O.
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Bheemreddy, V., L. Dharani, K. Chandrashekhara, G. Hilmas, and W. Fahrenholtz. "Three-Dimensional Micromechanical Modeling of Continuous Fiber Reinforced Ceramic Composites With Interfaces." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-88260.

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Continuous fiber reinforced ceramic composites (CFCCs) are widely used in high performance and high temperature applications. The behavior of CFCCs under various conditions is not easily predicted. Micromechanical modeling of CFCCs using a representative volume element (RVE) approach provides useful prediction of the composite behavior. Conventionally, the effect of fiber-matrix interface on effective property prediction of the CFCCs is not considered in the micromechanical modeling approach. In the current work, a comprehensive three-dimensional micromechanical modeling procedure is proposed for effective elastic behavior estimation of CFCCs. Application of the micromechanical model for various interfaces has been considered to evaluate the effect of different interfaces and highlight the applicability of current model. Cohesive damage modeling approach is used to model the crack growth along with fiber bridging. The finite element model is validated by comparing with available data in the literature.

Reports on the topic "CFRCs":

1

Zok, Francis W., Carlos G. Levi, and Robert M. McMeeking. Matrix-Enabled Damage Tolerance in Oxide CFCCs. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada448641.

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Miriyala, N., P. K. Liaw, C. J. McHargue, and L. L. Snead. The monotonic and fatigue behavior of CFCCs. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/270436.

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Mings, S., and E. Kohn. Substitution and elimination of CFCs at the Pantex Plant. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10103694.

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Fairchild, P. D., and S. K. Fischer. Global warming and end-use efficiency implications of replacing CFCs. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10119531.

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Lara-Curzio, E., M. K. Ferber, and P. F. Tortorelli. Interface oxidation and stress-rupture of Nicalon{trademark}/SiC CFCCs at intermediate temperatures. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/392825.

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Miriyala, N., P. K. Liaw, and C. J. McHargue. The monitoring and fatigue behavior of CFCCs at ambient temperature and 1000{degrees}C. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/543284.

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Shaw, C. P. References for HNF-SD-WM-TRD-007, ``System specification for the double-shell tank system: HNF-PROs, CFRs, DOE Orders, WACs``. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/362430.

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Solomon, Kip, and Troy Gilmore. Age Dating Young Groundwater. The Groundwater Project, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21083/liiu2727.

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This book provides an overview of common tracer methods that can be used to estimate the age of young groundwater that recharged less than about 60 years ago. In this book, applications of tracers to address hydrogeologic problems are only mentioned briefly because such problems are the topic of the Groundwater Project Book titled Introduction to Isotopes and Environmental Tracers as Indicators of Groundwater Flow (Cook, 2020) which readers are encouraged to review. The dating tracer methods include tritium (3H), tritium/helium-3 (3H/3He), sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). All these methods except 3H involve the occurrence and transport of dissolved gases and thus the basic concepts of dissolved gases are discussed in this book. The authors are hydrogeologists interested in solving both groundwater quality and quantity issues in a world in which the availability of high-quality groundwater is diminishing. The goal of this book is to inform researchers and policy makers about the concepts and underlying assumptions involved in groundwater dating methods with the aim of increasing the application of these powerful methods while informing readers of their inherent limitations.
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Energy Efficient Alternatives to Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/766411.

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A research needs assessment: Energy efficient alternatives to chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). Final reprot. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10176575.

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