Journal articles on the topic 'CFOs and power'
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1
Liu, Ruonan. "Do CEOs influence CFOs’ equity incentives to manage earnings?" Journal of Accounting, Business and Management (JABM) 29, no. 2 (November 27, 2022): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.31966/jabminternational.v29i2.588.
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This study examines whether CEOs’ incremental equity incentives relative to CFOs (i.e., the gap between CEO equity incentives and CFO equity incentives) and CEO power constrain or exacerbate CFOs' equity incentives to manage earnings. In most companies, CEOs own more equity than CFOs and may pressure CFOs to engage in earnings management. I find no evidence that CEO incremental equity incentives or CEO power affect the association between CFOs’ equity incentives and earnings management. In addition, I find that CFOs’ equity incentives mitigate real earnings management activities, which can help align the interests of CFOs with shareholders.
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Maresch, Daniela, Ewald Aschauer, and Matthias Fink. "Competence trust, goodwill trust and negotiation power in auditor-client relationships." Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal 33, no. 2 (November 22, 2019): 335–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aaaj-02-2017-2865.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate how competence trust (i.e. trust regarding the ability of the counterpart) and goodwill trust (i.e. trust regarding the benevolence and integrity of the counterpart) affect the probability that the auditor or the client stand up to the respective negotiation partner’s position in situations of disagreement in the auditing relationship. Design/methodology/approach Two experiments were conducted, one with 149 auditors and one with 116 chief financial officers (CFOs). Both auditors and CFOs had to indicate the likelihood that they stand up to the other party’s preferred position in a disagreement on the materiality of unrecorded liabilities. The data derived from these experiments were analyzed using hierarchical OLS. Findings The results indicate that both auditors and CFOs who take their respective negotiation partner in the audit for highly competent are less likely to stand up to them in situations of disagreement. Interestingly, goodwill trust appears to be irrelevant for the negotiation outcome. Practical implications The findings are highly relevant for regulators, because they inform about the crucial importance of competence trust for the auditing negotiation outcome and thus put the so-called “trust-threat” into perspective. Originality/value The study adds to the literature on the role of the context for auditor-client negotiations by exploring the role of two distinct forms of trust on the outcome of these negotiations.
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Beck, Matthew J., and Elaine G. Mauldin. "Who's Really in Charge? Audit Committee versus CFO Power and Audit Fees." Accounting Review 89, no. 6 (June 1, 2014): 2057–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/accr-50834.
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ABSTRACT Although regulation makes audit committees responsible for determining and negotiating audit fees, researchers and practitioners express concerns that CFOs continue to control these negotiations. Thus, regulation may give investors a false sense of security regarding auditor independence. We utilize the recent financial crisis and economic recession as an exogenous shock that allows us to shed light on the relative influence of the audit committee and the CFO on fee negotiations. During the recession, we find larger fee reductions in the presence of more powerful CFOs, and smaller fee reductions in the presence of more powerful audit committees. We also find the CFO or the audit committee primarily influences fees when their counterpart is less powerful. Our findings suggest a more complex relationship between the CFO and the audit committee than current regulations recognize and cast doubt on the ability of regulation to force one structure on the negotiation process. Data Availability: Data are available from public sources identified in the text.
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Compernolle, Tiphaine. "Communication of the external auditor with the audit committee." Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal 31, no. 3 (March 19, 2018): 900–924. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aaaj-05-2013-1356.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to understand how external auditors communicate with audit committees (ACs). Design/methodology/approach A total of 53 interviews were conducted with participants in the ACs of 22 French companies listed in the CAC 40 index, including external and internal auditors, CFOs, AC chairpersons, and members. Findings In multiple accountability relationships, external auditors sit in the middle. They therefore use impression management (IM). While AC members expect them to be transparent, they are also expected to preserve managers’ “face” by sustaining impressions of consistency. The construction of impressions of consistency and transparency takes place mainly backstage, through time-consuming teamwork shared by auditors and CFOs. External auditors have power to make things transparent, but the use of such power is tricky, because it can damage relationships with CFOs. External auditors have a difficult “discrepant role” (Goffman, 1959) to play. Practical implications This study provides insights into what occurs behind the scenes with ACs, which can help regulators think deeper about relationships between external auditors and ACs. Originality/value This research makes contribution to governance, IM, and AC literature. It analyzes the AC process from external auditors’ – rather than AC members’ – points of view. Highlighting the AC process backstage, it shows that IM can be carried out collectively toward an internal rather than external audience and demonstrates that external auditors practice rather than limiting IM.
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Hansen, Mary P., and Garrett Trego. "SEC “claws back” bonuses and stock sale profits from CFOs of public company charged with accounting fraud." Journal of Investment Compliance 16, no. 2 (July 6, 2015): 38–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/joic-04-2015-0020.
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Purpose – To explain an increasingly common practice of the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) by which it seeks to “claw back” bonus and incentive compensation paid to CFOs of companies charged with accounting fraud, regardless of the personal involvement, knowledge, or culpability of the CFOs. Design/methodology/approach – This article details the facts underlying a recent SEC accounting fraud settlement through which two former CFOs of a company charged with fraud agreed to repay their bonuses and incentive compensation, despite not having been accused of any wrongdoing. The article goes on to outline the historic use of Section 304(a) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX), the provision that endows the SEC with this enforcement authority, in search of guidance for when and why the SEC may choose to exercise its authority under this provision. Findings – The SEC’s inconsistent use of its enforcement authority under Section 304(a) leaves chief financial officers potentially subject to individual liability and ill-equipped to modify their behaviour in order to prevent it. Originality/value – This article intends to raise industry awareness about the potential exercise of the broad enforcement power available to the SEC under Section 304(a) and call attention to the lack of guidance provided to corporate officers to avoid liability under this provision.
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CHITRA, S., and N. KUMARATHARAN. "AN EFFICIENT CFO ESTIMATION AND ICI REDUCTION IN MC-CDMA SYSTEM THROUGH CONJUGATE WEIGHTED MUSIC BASED RPRCC SCHEME." Latin American Applied Research - An international journal 46, no. 4 (October 31, 2016): 153–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.52292/j.laar.2016.347.
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Multicarrier code division multiple access (MC-CDMA) is one of the most attractive method for future broadband wireless systems and long term evolution (LTE) standard. The performance of MC-CDMA systems is greatly deteriorated by carrier frequency offset (CFO) which is due to oscillator instability and Doppler shifts. CFO leads to loss of orthogonality between the subcarriers and introduces intercarrier interference (ICI). Among the numerous ICI cancellation techniques, the proposed receiver phase rotated conjugate cancellation (RPRCC) offers greater ICI reduction compared to other methods. The distributed nature of networks and concurrent transmission from multiple users in uplink, RPRCC needs multiple frequency offset estimation at the receiver. Multiple signal classification (MUSIC) algorithm is the best suited CFO estimation technique in multiuser environment. However the performance of MUSIC algorithm is inferior for closely spaced CFOs. To achieve precise CFO estimation and greater ICI reduction, RPRCC with conjugate weighted MUSIC based CFO estimation is proposed in this paper. The simulation results depict that the ICI power reduction capability and BER performance of the suggested method outperforms the conventional techniques in both properly and closely spaced CFOs.
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Gonçalves, Tiago Cruz, Cristina Gaio, and Micaela Rodrigues. "The Impact of Women Power on Firm Value." Administrative Sciences 12, no. 3 (August 2, 2022): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/admsci12030093.
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Companies have been encouraged by policy to place women on board and top management positions. Proposals from regulators and governance reforms explicitly stress the importance of gender diversity in the boardroom. This paper analyzes the impact of the presence of women in executive and non-executive positions, as Chairs, CEOs or CFOs, on firm value in the context of European public companies. The results suggest that the presence of women impacts firm value positively. The results also suggest that, in countries governed by women, firm values are higher. A further analysis provides evidence that, when women CEOs and Chairs are simultaneously shareholders, firm value is negatively impacted. In contrast, when a Chair changes from a man to a woman, firm value is positively impacted. This study contributes to the ongoing debate on whether appointing women to board positions and management positions has positive valuation effects, and it is of the interest to policymakers and investors, among others.
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Hairston, Ilana S., Christelle Peyron, Daniel P. Denning, Norman F. Ruby, Judith Flores, Robert M. Sapolsky, H. Craig Heller, and Bruce F. O'Hara. "Sleep Deprivation Effects on Growth Factor Expression in Neonatal Rats: A Potential Role for BDNF in the Mediation of Delta Power." Journal of Neurophysiology 91, no. 4 (April 2004): 1586–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00894.2003.
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The sleeping brain differs from the waking brain in its electrophysiological and molecular properties, including the expression of growth factors and immediate early genes (IEG). Sleep architecture and homeostatic regulation of sleep in neonates is distinct from that of adults. Hence, the present study addressed the question whether the unique homeostatic response to sleep deprivation in neonates is reflected in mRNA expression of the IEG cFos, brain-derived nerve growth factor (BDNF), and basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF2) in the cortex. As sleep deprivation is stressful to developing rats, we also investigated whether the increased levels of corticosterone would affect the expression of growth factors in the hippocampus, known to be sensitive to glucocorticoid levels. At postnatal days 16, 20, and 24, rats were subjected to sleep deprivation, maternal separation without sleep deprivation, sleep deprivation with 2 h recovery sleep, or no intervention. mRNA expression was quantified in the cortex and hippocampus. cFos was increased after sleep deprivation and was similar to control level after 2 h recovery sleep irrespective of age or brain region. BDNF was increased by sleep deprivation in the cortex at P20 and P24 and only at P24 in the hippocampus. FGF2 increased during recovery sleep at all ages in both brain regions. We conclude that cortical BDNF expression reflects the onset of adult sleep-homeostatic response, whereas the profile of expression of both growth factors suggests a trophic effect of mild sleep deprivation.
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Kobelsky, Kevin, Jee-Hae Lim, and Ranjini Jha. "The Impact Of Performance-Based CEO And CFO Compensation On Internal Control Quality." Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) 29, no. 3 (April 23, 2013): 913. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v29i3.7791.
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<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt; text-align: justify; mso-pagination: none;" class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">We examine the effects of compensation on the quality of internal control and provide the first evidence relating the time horizon of ex ante performance-based compensation incentives and internal control quality over financial reporting in the SOX 404 era. Specifically, we find that for CEOs and CFOs, the sensitivity of the option portfolio to stock price changes and the proportion of compensation received from long-term incentive plans are related to the propensity to report internal control weaknesses during the period 2004-2006. These effects are negative for long-term incentives but positive or insignificant for short-term incentives for both CEOs and CFOs, who have the primary responsibility for the financial reporting process. Compensation sensitivity is also more strongly related to more severe company-level than account-specific control weaknesses. This company-level weakness relation is stronger for the CFO, who has the primary responsibility for the processes generating financial information and for the financial reporting by the firm. Our findings indicate that SOX disclosures harness the power of compensation schemes to improve internal control quality. </span></span></p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span>
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Yu, Miao. "Study on the Influence of CFO Characteristics on Accounting Conservatism of Listed Companies." E3S Web of Conferences 275 (2021): 03005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127503005.
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As the information reflection of social economy, the quality of accounting information is closely related to economic development and market operation system. And accounting conservatism is one of the important standards to measure of quality of accounting information. As the maker and executor of the financial strategy of the listed company, the CFO’s different personal characteristics will affect its choice of different accounting policies, thus affecting the accounting conservatism of the enterprise. Therefore, this paper selects CFOs of A-share listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen from 2016 to 2018 as research objects, respectively discusses the influence of CFO’s natural attributes and social attributes on accounting conservatism, and analyzes the moderating effect of property rights and CFO’s power on the relationship between them. The results show that the CFO’s age, tenure, education, professional skills, salary and number of part-time jobs are negatively correlated with accounting conservatism. The female CFO, shareholding and concurrent director are significantly positively correlated with accounting conservatism. The difference of property right nature and CFO power moderates the relationship between CFO characteristics and accounting conservatism to some extent. On this basis, this paper puts forward corresponding suggestions on how to improve accounting conservatism and promote economic development.
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Persinger, Michael A., Nirosha J. Murugan, and Lukasz M. Karbowski. "Combined Spectral Resonances of Signaling Proteins’ Amino Acids in the ERK-MAP Pathway Reflect Unique Patterns that Predict Peak Photon Emissions and Universal Energies." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 43 (January 2015): 10–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.43.10.
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The duality of matter-energy as particle-waves was applied to the classic ERK-MAP signaling pathways between the plasma cell membrane and the nucleus and was tested with Cosic’s Resonance Recognition Method. Spectral analyses of sequences of pseudopotentials that reflect de-localized electrons of amino acids for the 11 proteins in the pathway were computed. The spectral power density of the terminal protein (cFOS) was shown to be the average of the profiles of the precursor proteins. The results demonstrated that in addition to minute successive alterations in molecular structure wave-functions and resonant patterns can also describe complex molecular signaling pathways in cells. Different pathways may be defined by a single resonance profile. The separations between the peaks of wavelengths from Cosic’s predictions for photon emissions in the visible spectrum that define the ERK-MAP pathway were within the range of 10-20 J. This quantity has been shown to be a fundamental unit of energy within the universe. The involvement of photon patterns indicates that non-local effects could accompany the serial causality (locality) assumed to connect molecular pathways.
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Persinger, Michael A., Nirosha J. Murugan, and Lukasz M. Karbowski. "Combined Spectral Resonances of Signaling Proteins’ Amino Acids in the ERK-MAP Pathway Reflect Unique Patterns that Predict Peak Photon Emissions and Universal Energies." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 43 (January 4, 2015): 10–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.56431/p-9r953v.
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The duality of matter-energy as particle-waves was applied to the classic ERK-MAP signaling pathways between the plasma cell membrane and the nucleus and was tested with Cosic’s Resonance Recognition Method. Spectral analyses of sequences of pseudopotentials that reflect de-localized electrons of amino acids for the 11 proteins in the pathway were computed. The spectral power density of the terminal protein (cFOS) was shown to be the average of the profiles of the precursor proteins. The results demonstrated that in addition to minute successive alterations in molecular structure wave-functions and resonant patterns can also describe complex molecular signaling pathways in cells. Different pathways may be defined by a single resonance profile. The separations between the peaks of wavelengths from Cosic’s predictions for photon emissions in the visible spectrum that define the ERK-MAP pathway were within the range of 10-20 J. This quantity has been shown to be a fundamental unit of energy within the universe. The involvement of photon patterns indicates that non-local effects could accompany the serial causality (locality) assumed to connect molecular pathways.
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Iyer, Venkataraman M., and Dasaratha V. Rama. "Clients' Expectations on Audit Judgments: A Note." Behavioral Research in Accounting 16, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 63–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/bria.2004.16.1.63.
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Audited financial statements can be viewed as the product of negotiations between a company's management and its auditor. Relative power of these two parties is a major factor that determines the outcome of the negotiation. This study examines the impact of auditor tenure, importance of a client to an audit partner, nonaudit purchases, and prior audit firm experience of client personnel on client perceptions about their ability to persuade the auditor in the context of an accounting disagreement. We obtained responses to a survey from 124 CPAs in industry who are employed as CEOs, CFOs, controllers, or treasurers. Our results indicate that respondents from companies with short auditor tenures were somewhat more likely to indicate that they could persuade the auditor to accept their (client's) position in case of a disagreement. This finding is consistent with the argument that auditors are susceptible to influence in the early years as they are still in the process of recouping start-up costs, but is not consistent with concerns expressed by legislators and others that long auditor tenures will adversely affect audit quality. Respondents who believed their business was more important for the audit partner were also more likely to believe that they could persuade the auditor. However, the purchase of nonaudit services and prior audit experience were not related to client's perceptions about their ability to persuade the auditor.
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Kakabadse, Andrew, Nadeem Khan, and Nada K. Kakabadse. "Company secretary: a role of breadth and majesty." Society and Business Review 11, no. 3 (October 10, 2016): 333–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sbr-04-2016-0023.
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Purpose This paper aims to present the outcomes from 40 one-to-one semi-structured interviews and 12 focus group sessions with company secretaries, chairmen, CEOs, chief financial officer (CFOs), senior independent director (SIDs) and NEDs, about the role of the company secretary. Design/methodology/approach Lukes’ (1974, 2005) third dimension of power is engaged in thematic analysis of this strategic leadership role and its contribution to Board effectiveness. Findings The findings identify “discretionary capacity” as being critical to effective role contribution. Research limitations/implications Whilst the inquiry included international participants, e.g. multi-national Board members and company secretaries, it was conducted within the UK. Practical implications Having a range of discretion is particularly necessary at this time, when the new governance regime is broadening its demands on the role of the company secretary to interact with wider stakeholders. Social implications Better Board effectiveness is critical to broader sustainability of business in society. Originality/value An emergent model of the company secretary role is offered as a tool for building discretionary capacity, based on key technical, commercial and social characteristics, in their contexts – understood together as “Breadth” and “Majesty”. Breadth establishes a competency, whereas majesty, the refined high-level social qualities. This study concludes that the company secretary role is highly dependent on the preferences of the chairman, in enabling them to make an effective contribution to the Board.
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Awaludin, Ade, Suherman Suherman, and Gatot Nazir Ahmad. "Effect of Female CEO and CFO on Cash Holdings on Food and Beverages Companies Listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange." Oblik i finansi, no. 3(93) (2021): 26–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.33146/2307-9878-2021-3(93)-26-38.
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The current trend in the management of large companies is implementation of the gender diversity measures. The existence of women at the top management became one of the growing issues recently, especially in corporate governance. The prevailing opinion is still that men are better and more deserving to hold the power of leaders in the company. But authors believe that this statement needs to be verified. The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of female CEO and CFO on cash holdings of Indonesian food and beverages companies. The data used in this study are the data from annual report of food and beverage companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2016-2020 period. The company's cash holdings in this study are assessed on the basis of two indicators: a) the ratio of the cash and cash equivalents to the company's total assets; b) the ratio of the cash and cash equivalents to the company's net assets. The sample of the study is presented by 25 companies with 125 observations. For data analysis authors use the panel data regression analysis and the fixed-effect model. Microsoft Excel 2013, Stata/MP 16.0 and Reviews 10 software were used for data processing. The analysis results show that the female CEOs have a significant positive effect on the company's cash holdings, while female CFOs have no significant positive effect on the company's cash holdings. These results have the practical significance because they will help the business owner to make the right decision when he selects candidates for the position of CEO/CFO.
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Zhang, Xinhua, Hairong Huang, and Xiaohua Xia. "Oligopoly Power Producer’s Capacity Investment Model with Contracts for Differences." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/654124.
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This paper presents a three-level oligopoly power producer’s capacity investment game model, whose first level considers optimal regulation policy, and second-level models producer’s capacity investment strategy based on the analysis of power producer’s equilibrium biding strategy with capacity and price cap constraints at third level. We solve the model with backward induction and simulate the symmetric case. Precisely, we examine the effect of the number of oligopoly power producers, price cap, and contracts for differences (CFDs) on the unit load and power sale price and explore the optimal investment policy based on the maximization of discounted social welfare. For the proportion of power in CFDs being very big and power supply being relatively nervous in Chinese power market, we discuss the effect of power capacity investment subsidies and CFDs power price on power supply and demand, whose results indicate that reducing the proportion of CFDs’ power in the power producer’s access grid power is an effective way to alleviate the tension in power supply and demand, and the current renewable energy policy can neither necessarily ease the tension condition of power supply nor can it necessarily promote the construction of renewable power generation units.
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Zhang, Chen Zeng, Cun Guang Chen, Tian Xing Lu, Pei Li, Fang Yang, Wen Wen Wang, and Zhi Meng Guo. "Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Cu-Fe Alloys via Powder Metallurgy." Materials Science Forum 1016 (January 2021): 1727–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1016.1727.
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Copper Ferro Alloys (CFAs) have an excellent shielding effect in the electromagnetic field, as well as the similar good conductivity and ductility with copper, and strong magnetism and toughness as analogous to iron. Consequently, it is considered to be novel structural and functional materials with huge development potential and wide application foreground. The influence of the content, size and distribution of Fe phase in the Cu matrix on the electromagnetic shielding property of CFAs is crucial. In the present study, CFAs with various Fe content were fabricated via powder metallurgy (P/M) combining with deformation processing. The microstructure, electrical conductivity, magnetic and mechanical properties of CFAs were investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), and tensile test. The results indicated that P/M CFAs with the homogenous and fine in-situ Fe particles showed better comprehensive performance compared to those prepared by conventional casting. Based on the microstructure observation, mechanical properties were discussed.
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Sun, Yuliang, Shaomin Yan, Bin Cai, and Yuqiang Wu. "Maximum Power Point Tracking of DFIG with DC-Based Converter System Using Coordinated Feedback Linearization Control." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2018 (November 11, 2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9642123.
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This paper presents a coordinated feedback linearization strategy (CFLS) for DC-based doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) system to track the maximum power point. The stator and rotor of DFIG are connected to DC grid directly by two voltage source converters. Compared with a traditional DFIG system, the DC-based DFIG system has more system inputs and coupling, which increases the difficulty of vector control strategy. Accordingly, CFLS is proposed to make DFIG operate at the maximum power point (MPP), and two aspects are improved: first a single-loop control is adopted to make DFIG operate steady and accurate under coordinated the control of RSC and SSC. Second system control laws are obtained by the feedback linearization strategy that achieves DC-based DFIG system decoupling fully during the MPPT and system control. Simulations are carried out the comparison between CFLS and conventional vector control (VC), and it shows that the control performance of CFLS is superior.
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Zhou, Mingkai, Xinyue Liu, Xiao Chen, and Peng Gao. "Study on Strength, Water Stability, Shrinkage, and Microstructure of CFB Slag Modified Cement Stabilized Clay." Materials 14, no. 23 (December 5, 2021): 7460. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14237460.
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Circulating fluidized bed slag (CFBS) is an industrial waste produced by coal combustion in power plants. To explore the application of CFB slag in cement-stabilized bases, this paper studies the influence of different dosage of CFBS on the mechanics, water stability, and shrinkage of cement-stabilized soil using laboratory experiments. The hydration activity and interface morphology of CFBS in cement-stabilized clay were observed using XRD and SEM. The improvement mechanism of CFBS on the performance of cement-stabilized clay was revealed. The results indicated that, compared with cement-stabilized clay, cement–CFBS-stabilized clay exhibited better mechanical and water stability, and significantly inhibited the shrinkage deformation of cement-stabilized clay. When the addition of CFBS was 70%, cement–CFBS-stabilized clay had the best mechanics and durability. Microscopic tests show that CFBS contains more active silicon aluminum oxide, which is easily dissolved and the hydration of which produces more gel products, so the mixture structure is denser, the strength is improved, and water does not easily evaporate; it has the characteristics of micro expansion which compensates for dry shrinkage deformation.
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Kądziołka-Gaweł, Mariola, and Danuta Smolka-Danielowska. "57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy investigations of iron phase composition in fluidized beds from the ELCHO power plant in Chorzów, Poland." Nukleonika 62, no. 2 (June 27, 2017): 101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nuka-2017-0014.
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Abstract The study investigates the physical and chemical properties of fly ash and bottom ash from a power plant ELCHO in Chorzów, Poland. Coal combustion products generated in the process of combustion in circulating fluidized beds (CFBs) are considerably different from fly and bottom ashes obtained from dust furnaces and multi-layer ones. The composition of the iron-bearing phase in the waste of circulating fluidized bed combustion was determined using Mössbauer spectroscopy and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) methods.
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Andriychuk, Volodymyr, Mykola Lypovetskyi, Myroslav Nakonechnyi, and Serhiy Potalitsyn. "THE EFFECT OF ENERGY-EFFICIENT LIGHT SOURCES ON THE QUALITY OF ELECTRICITY." EUREKA: Physics and Engineering 1 (January 29, 2016): 38–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2461-4262.2016.00024.
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The paper analyzes the range of current from energy-efficient light sources (LSs), such as compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) and light-emitting diodes (LEDs). The studied LSs exceed the standard values for the current harmonics, even with passive power factor correction. We have developed a methodology for calculating relative errors of active energy meters that measure the energy used by CFLs and LEDs and applied the methodology to determine the values of the relative errors of the induction and the digital meters. It is found that the errors of of both types of electricity meters for measuring power in the circuits with the tested LSs–CFLs and LEDs–exceed the maximum permissible errors by 3.0 % and 4.0 % respectively. Thus, when the load is a source of non-sinusoidal current, a consumer is overcharged for electricity. The values of errors in electricity metering can be reduced by eliminating the causes of the deteriorating quality of electricity, i.e. by supplying the lighting installations with energy-efficient light sources provided with active power factor correction.
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B C, Manjesh. "Performance Evaluation of Thermoelectric Refrigerator Using Peltier Effect." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 8 (August 31, 2021): 1171–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.37570.
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Abstract: The worldwide growth in call for refrigeration brought about the manufacturing of extra power and this, in turn, brought about extra use of CFCs. CFCs, in particular, are a notable factor in the ozone layer's depletion. TER (Thermoelectric Refrigerator) is a revolutionary option that eliminates the use of refrigerant. As a result, it is critical, especially in underdeveloped countries where extended life and inexpensive maintenance are required. The goal of this research is to design and build a functional TER that uses the Peltier effect to cool this volume to much lower temperature in under two hours and retain it for at least the next 1/2 hour. In this project, we created a TE system that works with both solar and electrical power. Food preservation, military or aerospace equipment, medicinal and pharmaceutical equipment are just some of the uses for the project. Keywords: Thermo-electric Refrigerator, CFCs, COP, Peltier Effect
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Oluwole-ojo, Oluwaloba, Hongwei Zhang, Martin Howarth, and Xu Xu. "Energy Consumption Analysis of a Continuous Flow Ohmic Heater with Advanced Process Controls." Energies 16, no. 2 (January 12, 2023): 868. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16020868.
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This paper presents an analysis of the energy consumption of a continuous flow ohmic heater (CFOH) with advanced process controls for heating operations in the food and drinks industry. The study was carried out by using operational data collected from a CFOH pilot plant that was designed and constructed at the National Centre of Excellence for Food Engineering (NCEFE), Sheffield Hallam University. The CFOH is controlled by a PC and includes an onboard Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) and a Human Machine Interface (HMI) so that it can be operated as a stand-alone unit with basic on/off and power setting control but without any advanced control features. The technical solution presented in this paper for heating foods demonstrates significant energy saving compared with conventional heating methods. Using the CFOH, the electric current generated in the food products by the Joule effect produces a rapid temperature increase with very high energy efficiency. This technique eliminates the low efficiency of heat transfer from the surface of vessels typically used to heat and cook food products. The analysis presented in this paper describes the energy consumption of the CFOH and compares the efficiency of the CFOH when different advanced process control techniques are used. Experimental results and analysis have shown that the CFOH can achieve an energy efficiency conversion of at least 87.9%. It has also shown that the energy conversion percentage can be increased by applying advanced controllers such as model predictive control (MPC) or adaptive model predictive control (AMPC).
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Heryana, Nana, Handoko Rusiana Iskandar, Bambang Widodo, and Robinson Purba. "Compact Fluorescence Lamp Based on Power Electronics Technology: its Advantages and Disadvantages." JTERA (Jurnal Teknologi Rekayasa) 4, no. 1 (June 19, 2019): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.31544/jtera.v4.i1.2019.99-108.
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Power-electronics based Compact Fluorescent Lamps (CFLs) have been proven to reduce electrical energy consumption for lighting purpose. As in common power-electronics-based electrical devices, CFLs can be categorized as non-linear loads. Therefore, the input current has a non-sinusoidal waveform and contains harmonics. This paper discusses the advantages and disadvantages of CFL application and proposes the attachment of THD value to the product package in order to improve the marketing policy. Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) is a method used to find the percentage value between the total harmonic components and their fundamental components. The percentage of THD causes the greater risk of damage to equipment due to harmonics that occur in current and voltage. Laboratory testing shows that a CFL sample has THD of the input current as high as 67.7%. This THD is relatively high and may degrade the electrical power quality. Moreover, it could lead to the misreading of electrical power and energy meter. Several experiment results are shown and analyzed to confirm the validity of the discussed matter.
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Li, Qiong, Haomin Zhang, and Naoko Taguchi. "The Use of Mitigation Devices in Heritage Learners of Chinese." Heritage Language Journal 14, no. 2 (August 31, 2017): 150–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.46538/hlj.14.2.3.
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This study investigated the pragmatic competence of Chinese heritage learners (CHLs) on the use of three Chinese-specific mitigation devices: Chinese sentence final particles (SFPs), yixia/xia “for a while”, and reduplication of verbs. Their performances were compared with those of foreign language learners of Chinese (CFLs) and native Chinese speakers (NSs). Twenty-three NSs and 60 Chinese language learners in the intermediate and advanced-level classes (31 CHLs and 29 CFLs) participated in the study. Participants completed a computerized written production task that included two types of situations (PD-low and high situations) based on two contextual factors: the power relationship (P) and social distance (D). The statistical findings showed no notable significant heritage advantage; however, the post-hoc analysis revealed the unique nature of CHLs’ pragmatic competence, vacillating between CFLs and NSs. Specifically, CHLs outperformed CFLs in the use of SFPs and yixia/xia in both PD-low and high situations, but they fell behind the NSs in certain aspects, especially in their linguistic knowledge on SFPs and yixia/xia.
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del Pilar, Eunice Cristyl, Irish Alegado, and Miriam Fabroa Bongo. "Structural relationships among critical failure factors of microbusinesses." Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development 27, no. 1 (December 17, 2019): 148–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsbed-01-2019-0001.
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Purpose The premature closure of microbusinesses has become a prevalent issue that demands to be seriously addressed due to the major economic contribution it provides particularly to developing countries. The purpose of this paper is to establish and further analyze a set of critical failure factors (CFFs) that aid in the systematic decision-making and strategic management of stakeholders. Design/methodology/approach A comprehensive literature review is conducted to gather CFFs and an interpretative structural modeling with Matriced’ Impacts Croise’s Multiplication Appliquée a UN Classement (ISM-MICMAC) analysis is applied to investigate the structural relationships among CFFs by extracting its inherent characteristics according to its driving power and dependence power. In order to illustrate the methodology, a case study is conducted in Cebu, the Philippines. Findings It is interesting to note that inadequate government programs information is deemed the most crucial for stakeholders to tackle as its impact on the premature closure of microbusinesses is highly significant. Drawing from this key result, directions for potential strategies for getting evidence-based research into policy and practice in the micro-business sector in the Philippines, and other developing countries, are provided. Originality/value Lastly, the contribution of this work is two-fold and is aimed at policymakers and managers. For one, this study is the first to establish a set of CFFs specifically aimed at the level of microbusinesses, a seriously under-researched business sector, which can aid and influence domestic policymakers. For another, a framework that will facilitate business managers in carrying out organization’s strategy development process have been provided.
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Adelabu, M. A., A. L. Imoize, and G. U. Ughegbe. "Analysis of the electronic circuits of 11 W and 15 W compact fluorescent lamps." Nigerian Journal of Technology 40, no. 3 (October 22, 2021): 501–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njt.v40i3.16.
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The introduction of electronic ballast in lighting systems design has dramatically revolutionized the lighting space. This is orchestrated by the entrance of the Compact Fluorescent Lamps (CFLs) and Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) into the lighting market. The CFLs currently being used in domestic and industrial lighting systems provide highly competitive alternatives to conventional incandescent lamps. The electronic ballast incorporated into the CFLs helps eliminate the flickering and slow starting flaws prevalent in traditional fluorescent lamps. To properly evaluate the performance characteristics and limitations of the CFLs, a critical analysis of its electronic circuit becomes imperative. To this end, this paper presents experimental and simulation analyses of the CFL circuits. To achieve this, two Futina CFL bulbs of 11W and 15W model YPZ220/11-BMSP RR/RDD and YPZ220/15-BMSP RR/RDD, respectively, were analyzed and experimentally verified. A function-based programming paradigm was applied to develop a graphical user interface (GUI) used for the circuits analyses. The GUI is designed using MATLAB graphical user interface development environment (GUIDE). Experiments were conducted to obtain the performance characteristics of the CFLs, and measurements show that the 11W lamp has a higher amplitude than the 15W lamp. However, both lamps show similar waveforms after 300 seconds. The maximum voltage amplitudes for both CFLs are the same, with a peak value of 218V. The current waveforms in the spectral domain gave a maximum amplitude of 0.3 A for the 11W CFL and 0.2 A for the 15W. The voltage frequency (0.00196) of both CFLs are the same, whereas the current frequencies are different. This indicates that the wattage of a CFL does not affect the frequency of its voltage waveform. The frequency of the 11W CFL current (0.00157) is higher than that of the 15W CFL current (0.00784). This implies that the higher the CFL wattage, the lower the frequency of its current waveform. Additionally, simulation results revealed that the key difference between the CFLs is the current total harmonic distortion (THDI), which increases with an increasing rated power of the CFL or the aggregation of a number of the smaller rated CFLs.
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Baumgart, Matthew, Jonathan J. Heckman, and Logan Thomas. "CFTs blueshift tensor fluctuations universally." Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics 2022, no. 07 (July 1, 2022): 034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2022/07/034.
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Abstract The strong constraints of conformal symmetry cause any nearly-conformal sector to blueshift tensor fluctuations in cosmology. Hidden sectors with approximate conformal symmetry, which may be quite large, are a well-motivated extension of physics beyond the Standard Models of particle physics and cosmology. They can therefore lead to a detectable shift in the tensor tilt for next-generation CMB and gravitational wave experiments. We compute the leading-order contribution to the in-in graviton two-point function from virtual loops in such sectors to demonstrate this universal effect. In units where a single conformally-coupled scalar is 1, limits from Stage-IV CMB experiments could bound the size of this extra sector to be smaller than ∼1015, under a plausible calculational assumption backed by a simple power counting argument. This would be sufficient to rule out N-Naturalness as a complete resolution of the hierarchy problem.
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Adams, Telmo, and Luciane Rocha Ferreira Pielke. "Paulo Freire e a educação popular: elementos de (des)colonialidade na experiência do CFES/Sul / Paulo Freire and popular education..." Cadernos CIMEAC 10, no. 1 (July 16, 2020): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.18554/cimeac.v10i1.4020.
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O artigo, em caráter de ensaio, tem como objetivo teorizar sobre aspectos teórico-metodológicos da Educação Popular e suas implicações em diferentes contextos escolares e não escolares, bem como buscar convergências com o pensamento pedagógico (des)colonial enfatizando a contribuição freireana. Como exemplificação estabelece-se uma relação com a Economia Solidária, especificamente, a experiência educativa desenvolvida com o Centro de Formação e Apoio a Assessoria Técnica em Economia Solidária – Região Sul do Brasil – CFES/Sul. Como resultados, conclui-se que a Educação Popular tem sua potencialidade na alternatividade que necessita ser constantemente (re)construída em seus sentidos frente a cada contexto, com constante redefinição de seu projeto de transformação. Os processos pedagógicos desenvolvidos no programa de Formação do CFES focaram no exercício de processos participativos autogestionários. As relações de poder que se estabeleceram foram identificadas por meio de tipologias que mostraram convergências e tensionamentos entre Educação Popular e (des)colonialidade. O estudo tem mostrado que uma pedagogia descolonial se coloca, ainda, como um dos desafios a ser incorporado nos espaços de Educação Popular, neste caso, da Economia Solidária.Palavras-chave: Educação Popular; (Des)colonialidade; Pesquisa e Educação; Economia Solidária.ABSTRACT: The article, as an essay, aims to theorize about theoretical and methodological aspects of Popular Education and its implications in different school and non-school contexts, as well as to seek convergences with (de)colonial pedagogical thinking emphasizing Freire's contribution. As an example, a relationship with the Solidarity Economy is established, specifically, with the educational experience developed with the Education and Support Center for Technical Assistance in Solidarity Economy - Southern Brazil - CFES/South. As a result, it is concluded that Popular Education has its potential in alternativity that needs to be constantly (re)constructed in its senses in relation to each context, with a constant redefinition of its transformation project. The pedagogical processes developed in the CFES education program focused on the exercise of self-managed participatory processes. The power relations that were established were identified through typologies that showed convergences and tensions between Popular Education and (de)coloniality. The study has shown that a decolonial pedagogy is still one of the challenges to be incorporated in the spaces of Popular Education, in this case, of Solidarity Economy.Keywords: Popular Education; (De)coloniality; Research and education; Solidarity Economy.
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Adams, Telmo, Fernanda Carvalho Ferreira, Joana Frank, and Marina da Rocha. "Educação e economia solidária: uma análise das relações de participação e poder." Educação em Foco 18, no. 25 (June 22, 2015): 227–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.24934/eef.v18i25.492.
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Este artigo constitui um dos focos de análise da pesquisa “Educação popular e economia solidária: mediações entre formação ético-política e técnico-produtiva” e visa sistematizar e problematizar a experiência do Centro de Formação em Economia Solidária (CFES/Sul), caracterizando os principais passos metodológicos deste programa. O foco de análise são as relações entre participação e poder. O referencial teórico baseou-se em Paulo Freire, Pierre Bourdieu, Cláudio Nascimento e outros. A problematização e análise ocorreram em dois âmbitos, no que concerne às relações de convencimento/manipulação, consulta/referendo e autogestão/deliberação democrática: a) na definição da política de educação em Ecosol - as relações entre o movimento de Ecosol e representantes do governo federal; b) nas atividades de formação do CFES/Sul - as relações de poder entre educadores e demais participantes. Graças ao amparo da proposta pedagógica, definida pelo movimento de Ecosol, a perspectiva autogestionária, apesar das contradições, manteve-se preponderante.
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TAKITA, Yusaku. "Development of Catalsts for CFCs Decomposition." Journal of The Japan Petroleum Institute 44, no. 2 (2001): 92–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1627/jpi1958.44.92.
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Chuang, Hao-Chun, Joe-Zhi Yen, Chih-Kai Hong, Kai-Lan Hsu, Fa-Chuan Kuan, Yueh Chen, Hao-Ming Chang, and Wei-Ren Su. "Comparison of Biomechanical Failure Loads Between Tape-Type and Conventional Sutures in Internal Knotless Anchor–Based Constructs." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 10, no. 3 (March 1, 2022): 232596712110725. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23259671211072523.
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Background: Despite the increasing prevalence of tape-type sutures, whether internal knotless anchors can consistently affix tape-type sutures has not been thoroughly investigated. Purpose: To evaluate whether substituting tape-type sutures for conventional sutures influences the suture-holding strength of internal knotless anchors. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Level of evidence, 5. Methods: A total of 3 internal knotless anchors were tested: a spiral core clamping anchor (Footprint Ultra PK), a winged clamping anchor (PopLok), and a spooling anchor (ReelX STT). Four constructs were compared for each type of anchor, with the anchor double or quadruple loaded with tape-type sutures or conventional sutures. The testing protocol comprised preloading suture tension to 10 N; cyclic loading, in which tension increased in increments of 10 N from 10 to 90 N; and a load-to-failure stage set at a speed of 0.5 mm/s. The clinical failure load (CFL) was defined as suture slippage of ≥3 mm. Also, 1-way analysis of variance and power analysis were used to compare the CFLs of the constructs. Results: For the quadruple-loaded spiral core clamping anchors, a significant reduction in CFLs was seen with conventional sutures over tape-type sutures (138.10 ± 4.73 vs 80.00 ± 12.25 N, respectively; P < .001). This reduction was not observed under the double-loaded condition (conventional vs tape type: 76.00 ± 5.48 vs 80.00 ± 10.00 N, respectively). Substitution of the suture materials did not significantly reduce the CFLs for the winged clamping anchors (conventional vs tape type: 40.00 ± 10.00 vs 30.00 ± 7.07 N for double loaded, respectively, and 64.00 ± 13.41 vs 50.00 ± 10.00 N for quadruple loaded, respectively) or the spooling anchors (conventional vs tape type: 62.00 ± 19.23 vs 56.32 ± 20.20N for double loaded, respectively, and 72.00 ± 21.68 vs 84.00 ± 13.42 N for quadruple loaded, respectively). Conclusion: Substituting tape-type sutures for conventional sutures increased the CFLs of some internal knotless anchors. With specific suture-anchor combinations, quadruple-loaded conventional suture anchors had CFLs higher than those of double-loaded conventional suture anchors. Clinical Relevance: When multiple tape-type sutures are used in conjunction with a clamping anchor, clinicians should note a possible reduction in CFLs and resultant early suture slippage.
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Egunyu, Felicitas, Maureen G. Reed, A. John Sinclair, John R. Parkins, and James P. Robson. "Public engagement in forest governance in Canada: whose values are being represented anyway?" Canadian Journal of Forest Research 50, no. 11 (November 2020): 1152–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2020-0026.
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Researchers and advocates have long argued that on-going engagement by broad segments of the public can help make forests and forest-based communities more sustainable and decisions more enduring. In Canada, public engagement in sustainable forest management has primarily taken one of two approaches: advisory forums through forest-sector advisory committees (FACs) and direct decision-making authority through community forest boards (CFBs). The purpose of this paper is to compare these two approaches by focusing on who participates and the values that participants bring to their deliberations. We conducted a national survey of FACs and CFBs involving 402 participants. Results showed that both models favoured well-educated, Caucasian men and fell short on the representation of women and Indigenous peoples. Additionally, despite different levels of authority in relation to forest management decisions, participants in CFBs and FACs shared similar forest values. Hence, we conclude that neither model of forest governance encourages participation from a diverse public. Our findings suggest the need to find new ways of recruiting diverse participants and to investigate more deeply whether local and extra-local pressures and power dynamics shape these processes. Such information can inform the establishment of more robust institutions for decision-making in support of sustainable forest management.
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Shreenaath, K. G. Sai, Jigar Golecha, L. Bruno Augustin, and M. Suresh. "Numerical Studies on R22 Refrigerant Compressor Using Environment Friendly Working Fluids." Applied Mechanics and Materials 493 (January 2014): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.493.21.
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Vapour compression refrigeration is the most widely used method in domestic and commercial air conditioning and refrigeration systems. R22 (difluoromonochloromethane) is the most widely used HCFC (hydro chlorofluorocarbon) refrigerant in residential, commercial, industrial and transport cooling systems. Montreal protocol in 1987 banned the use of CFCs (chlorofluorocarbon) due to their adverse impact on the environment causing ozone depletion and global warming. HCFCs are also being phased out, though they are less destructive than CFCs. The present work explores compressor performance using alternate environment friendly working fluids so that R22 can be replaced in future. The refrigerants used for the studies are R134a (tetrafluoroethane), R290 (propane) and R600a (isobutane). Compressor performance is analysed by varying refrigerant mass flow rate, evaporator and condenser temperatures and studying their effect on compressor size, power and discharge temperature. A numerical simulation code has been developed in MATLAB using refrigerant properties taken from REFPROP.
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Asaduzzaman Jabin, Md, Kawsar Ahmed, Md Juwel Rana, Bikash Kumar Paul, Vigneswaran Dhasarathan, and Muhammad Shahin Uddin. "Multicore bi-layer gold-coated SPR-based sensor for simultaneous measurements of CFC and HCFC." International Journal of Modern Physics B 33, no. 27 (October 30, 2019): 1950316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979219503168.
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Global warming is an alarming issue in our daily life. As we know that CFCs and HCFCs have a great impact on ozone depletion and global warming process. So, there must be a cheaper way to detect CFCs and HCFCs from refrigerant products like refrigerator, aerosols, air-conditioner, etc. So, for the very first time, this paper proposes a novel highly sensitive dual-core bi-layer gold-coated surface plasmon resonance (DB-SPR)-based photonic crystal fiber (PCF) for sensing CFCs and HCFCs in the field of chemical and biosensing. The analysis is assumed at 20[Formula: see text]C (293 K) for the concentration level of CFCs and HCFCs ranging between 20% and 80%. The entire numerical evaluation process is done by using finite element method (FEM) with a full vectorial software named COMSOL V-5.1 by examining the number of mesh elements of 228,120 which has better flexibility in the fabrication process. The proposed model can prove itself better than any other models by the justification of the major optical parameters, such as birefringence (B[Formula: see text]), coupling length (L[Formula: see text]), confinement loss ([Formula: see text]), transmittance (T[Formula: see text]), transmittance variance (T[Formula: see text]), power fraction (P[Formula: see text]), amplitude sensitivity (S[Formula: see text]), wavelength sensitivity (S[Formula: see text]), figure of merit (FOM), resolution (Rl[Formula: see text]), resonance (R2), etc. which respectively corresponds to their maximum performance profiles of 0.038, 40 [Formula: see text]m, 1140 dB/cm, −180 dB, 410 dB/RIU, 51%, −3200 RIU[Formula: see text], 30450.43 nm/RIU, 1300, 1.25[Formula: see text]×[Formula: see text]10[Formula: see text], 0.98712. So, it is evident that proposed SPR PCF can be a tough competitor in the field of biosensing and chemical sensing as well as gas sensing.
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Gaudreau, Matthew. "Paradigm change and power in the world food system—Synthesis paper." Canadian Food Studies / La Revue canadienne des études sur l'alimentation 2, no. 2 (September 8, 2015): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15353/cfs-rcea.v2i2.114.
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The articles by Friedmann, Koç and Wise draw out overarching issues in the world food system, offering complementary views of the relationship between the dominant model of the world food system and its myriad issues. This contribution uses the concept of transnational policy paradigms to illustrate the key tension between the status quo of food policy and emerging alternatives.
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Vuohelainen, Minna. "‘[B]etween power and the people’: Journalist-Investigators in Nordic Crime Fiction." Crime Fiction Studies 1, no. 1 (March 2020): 59–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/cfs.2020.0007.
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Recent Nordic crime fiction contains numerous amateur detectives who are professional journalists. Their presence is partly explained by the shared roots and formal affinities of crime reportage and crime fiction, and by the journalistic backgrounds of many Nordic crime writers. However, the rise of the journalist-investigator as a rival to traditional police detectives is also a mark of growing distrust in the competence of the Nordic welfare state and its officials. Nordic journalist-investigators are typically crusading reporters motivated by a desire to uncover and prevent social injustice, including the neglect and abuse of vulnerable social groups by absent, incompetent or corrupt public officials. In acting as moral guardians of social justice, journalist-investigators carry out the principle of the press as a fourth estate, designed to check state power by publicising abuses of authority, and signal a possible shift from the welfare state towards a civil society. However, this role is also compromised by the ethical dilemmas journalist-investigators face between the demands of uncovering information, protecting vulnerable witnesses, informing the public, preventing crime and meeting commercial imperatives. These conflicts spotlight troubling tendencies within crime fiction and crime reportage: both kinds of writing are underpinned by a narrative structure of anticipation, suspense and dramatic revelation and premised upon the reader's voyeuristic investment in sensational subjects.
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Cohen, Ayala, and Atalia Mosek. "“Power together”: Professionals and parents of children with disabilities creating productive partnerships." Child & Family Social Work 24, no. 4 (February 20, 2019): 565–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cfs.12637.
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White, John. "Computational Fluid Dynamics Modelling and Experimental Study on a Single Silica Gel Type B." Modelling and Simulation in Engineering 2012 (2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/598479.
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The application of computational fluid dynamics (CFDs) in the area of porous media and adsorption cooling system is becoming more practical due to the significant improvement in computer power. The results from previous studies have shown that CFD can be useful tool for predicting the water vapour flow pattern, temperature, heat transfer and flow velocity and adsorption rate. This paper investigates the effect of silica gel granular size on the water adsorption rate using computational fluid dynamics and gravimetric experimental (TGA) method.
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Du, Xulin, Linsong Cheng, Jun Chen, Jianchao Cai, Langyu Niu, and Renyi Cao. "Numerical Investigation for Three-Dimensional Multiscale Fracture Networks Based on a Coupled Hybrid Model." Energies 14, no. 19 (October 5, 2021): 6354. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14196354.
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The mismatching between the multi-scale feature of complex fracture networks (CFNs) in unconventional reservoirs and their current numerical approaches is a conspicuous problem to be solved. In this paper, the CFNs are divided into hydraulic macro-fractures, induced fractures, and natural micro-fractures according to their mode of origin. A hybrid model coupling various numerical approaches is proposed to match the three-dimensional multi-scale fracture networks. The macro-fractures with high-conductivity and wide-aperture are explicitly characterized by a mimetic Green element method-based hierarchical fracture model. The induced fractures and natural micro-fractures that have features of low-conductivity and small-openings are upscaled to the dual-medium grid and enhanced matrix grid through the equivalent continuum-medium method, respectively. Subsequently, some benchmark cases are implemented to confirm the high-precision and high-robustness of the proposed hybrid model that indeed accomplishes accurate modeling of fluid flow in multi-scale CFNs by comparing with commercial software tNavigator®. Furthermore, an integrated workflow of simulation modeling for multiscale CFNs combined with a field example in Sichuan from China is used to analyzing the production information of fractured horizontal wells in shale gas reservoirs. Compared with the field production data from this typical well, it can be proved that the hybrid model has strong reliability and practicability.
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Tourangeau, Wesley. "GMO doublespeak: An analysis of power and discourse in Canadian debates over agricultural biotechnology." Canadian Food Studies / La Revue canadienne des études sur l'alimentation 4, no. 1 (May 26, 2017): 108–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.15353/cfs-rcea.v4i1.208.
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It has been 20 years since Canada’s first commercially grown genetically modified (GM) crops were approved and debates over these contentious products continue to gain momentum. Literature exploring Canada’s GMO debates has yet to focus specifically on the discourse of pro-biotech public relations campaigns and anti-biotech movements. This paper helps fill this gap with an analysis of power relations regarding efforts to inform public opinion on the topic of agricultural biotechnology. This paper explores these power relations in two arguments. First, I argue that the Canadian state’s overall positive position toward agricultural biotechnology provides leverage to pro-biotech public relations, while delimiting the direction of anti-biotech campaigns. Second, I argue that the potency of pro-biotech frames are constituted and sustained by historically and culturally embedded norms and values, which adds additional challenges for anti-biotech campaigns. These findings uncover a clearer picture of the complexity of power relations within agri-biotech discourse, and the extent to which anti-biotech groups are disadvantaged in these debates.
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Mrozowska - Bartkiewicz, Beata. "Product Intervention Measures in the European System of Financial Supervision." Prawo Asekuracyjne 1, no. 98 (March 15, 2019): 42–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.5645.
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The European System of Financial Supervision (ESFS) sets a framework of financial supervision in the European Union. Its main objective is to ensure that the rules applicable to the financial sector are properly implemented in all the Member States to preserve the financial stability of the financial sector, promote trust and guarantee consumer protection. The new powers refer to investment-related products, offered by both financial institutions and insurance undertakings. Each European supervisory authority is endowed with the power to apply supervisory measures, including the product intervention, which means the power to issue a decision binding in the European Union to temporarily prohibit the provision of certain financial products, conducting some activities or practices which threaten the proper operation and integrity of financial markets or the stability of the financial system in the European Union. In 2018 the product intervention measures were adopted by ESMA for the first time in two decisions, namely on the prohibition of the provision, distribution and sale of binary options to retail clients and on the restriction of the provision, distribution or sale of contracts for differences (CFDs) to retail clients. These precedent decisions will set the new directions for the EU supervision of financial institutions, mainly because of the issuing authority, which is not national, but European, and whose decisions are automatically applied in the territories of the Member States.
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Gupta Bakshi, B., and B. Roy. "Wattage-independent dynamic conductance model of compact fluorescent lamps: Validation and application in high-frequency operation." Lighting Research & Technology 50, no. 7 (July 3, 2017): 1107–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477153517717081.
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A wattage-independent (7–18 W) compact fluorescent lamp (CFL) model has been developed in Matlab-Simulink and validated in low-frequency (50 Hz) operation in our earlier work. In this paper, the same lamp model is simulated for high-frequency operation and then validated experimentally with a 9 W test CFL driven by a compatible electronic ballast (e-ballast). Simulation results have shown a maximum 6.4% deviation compared to the measured data. Thereafter, the developed model is applied to obtain the arc resistance versus power and power versus frequency characteristics of CFLs required to design dimmable e-ballasts. An algorithm is developed to compute design parameters of a dimmable e-ballast based on voltage-fed series-parallel resonant inverter topology. The electrical performance of the designed e-ballast is simulated at three different power levels (100%, 75% and 50%) using Matlab-Simulink.
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Martin, Mary Anne, Irena Knezevic, and Patricia Ballamingie. "Social economy of food initiatives that are nourishing communities through “power-with” practices." Canadian Food Studies / La Revue canadienne des études sur l'alimentation 6, no. 3 (November 29, 2019): 148–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.15353/cfs-rcea.v6i3.362.
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From 2014 to 2019, Nourishing Communities: Sustainable Local Food Systems Research Group explored food initiatives in the social economy, many of which use practices like bartering, gifting, and self-provisioning, that remain under-recognized for their economic value. Nourishing Communities considered how these organizations may contribute to food security, community development, and environmental remediation, especially for marginalized groups. Its researchers collaborated with such organizations to complete participatory action projects and a range of products to communicate the initiatives’ impacts. As three of those researchers, we subsequently synthesized the material from these outputs to show the resources, barriers, and impacts of the respective initiatives. This meta-analysis reveals that these initiatives not only produce economic, social, and environmental benefits, but also work to organize human relations. Beyond considering how initiatives in the social economy of food interact with the market economy, we use Karlberg’s schema of power to illustrate their potential to reconceptualize human relations. Here we find them gravitating towards “power with” practices that emphasize cooperation over competition. Throughout, we employ the concept of framing to propose ways in which that re-conceptualization might “grow legs” and extend further into larger social discourses. In so doing, we find the initiatives strategically invoking alternative framings of work, knowledge, social relations, and value in order to explain the impact of their own work. Although further research is needed regarding the meaning that impact and power hold for social economy initiatives, this research contributes to scholarly debates surrounding the potential of food initiatives in the social economy.
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Nesmith, Ande, Ruth Patton, Kaitlin Christophersen, and Claire Smart. "Promoting quality parent-child visits: the power of the parent-foster parent relationship." Child & Family Social Work 22, no. 1 (March 20, 2015): 246–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cfs.12230.
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Omala, M. A., and L. M. Aglanu. "Power dynamics in forest governance decentralization: the case of Kenya." International Forestry Review 22, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 225–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1505/146554820829403450.
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The debate on whether governments are willing to translate decentralization theory into practice given the importance of natural resources as a source of livelihoods for local populations and a source of revenue generation for governments continue to yield varying outcomes. This study examines the decentralization process within a multidimensional framework of power with and power over, and systematically assesses outcomes of the exercise of power from both perspectives and their interrelations and implications on forest governance. In what some have lauded as an excellent attempt by the Kenyan government to transfer management of forests to community forest associations (CFAs), others have termed the process as a mere illusion. The results indicate that decentralization efforts offer a high transformational potential when power is exercised with others (co-operation and learning), rather than when exercised over others (coercion and manipulation). However, both power over and power with are not mutually exclusive in practice. To achieve an effective decentralized forest governance system, appropriate behavioural change among forest stakeholders is paramount. The challenge is how to define and transfer adequate and meaningful power to the local level actors and institutions to drive the required behavioural change.
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Barbosa Jr, Ricardo, and Estevan Coca. "Enacting just food futures through the state." Canadian Food Studies / La Revue canadienne des études sur l'alimentation 9, no. 2 (July 15, 2022): 75–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.15353/cfs-rcea.v9i2.540.
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The state is an important, if sometimes overlooked, terrain of struggle for food activists. To explore the ways and extent to which just food futures can be enacted through the state, we present the experience of Brazil. We argue that activists should seek to advance food policies that have broad social appeal to weather political changes in administrations. Our argument is informed by an extensive review of scholarship on the state, corporate influence, and the possibility of promoting progressive agri-food change through the state, as well as the contradictions of doing so. Drawing on (agrarian) political economy we analyse institutional procurement as exemplifying the state’s role not only in ‘stabilizing’ and ‘growing’ the economy but also in enacting ‘redistribution’. Through our research in Brazil, we compare how the Food Acquisition Program (PAA) and the National School Meal Program (PNAE) have been impacted by the far-right’s rise to power since 2016. When mobilizing the power of institutions to change food systems by leveraging the purchasing power of the state, beyond institutionalization, food policies must be participatory and framed as collective gains for society more broadly, rather than for specific social groups. This would keep such policies from becoming the target of competing administrations, as evidenced by the Brazil case.
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Bai, Su Yuan, Zhe Nan Tang, Zheng Xing Huang, and Yi Feng Gu. "Phase Transition Behaviors and Thermal Conductivity of Ge Doped Sb2Te Thin Films for Phase Change Random Access Memory." Applied Mechanics and Materials 367 (August 2013): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.367.26.
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The Ge doped Sb2Te thin films (Ge2Sb2Te5, Ge0.15Sb2Te and Ge0.61Sb2Te) were deposited by magnetron co-sputtering using Ge and Sb2Te targets. Ge doping effect on the phase transition behaviors and thermal conductivity of the composite films was investigated. Ge0.61Sb2Te thin films have higher crystallization temperature (~200°C), larger crystallization activation energy (~3.28 eV) , better data retention (~120.8 °Cfor 10 years) and lower thermal conductivity (~0.23 W/mK). Ge0.61Sb2Te thin films is considered to be a promising storage medium for phase change random access memory due to its better thermal stability and lower power consumption.
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Ranjan, Rajeev Kr, Chandan Kr Choubey, Bal Chand Nagar, and Sajal Kr Paul. "Comb Filter for Elimination of Unwanted Power Line Interference in Biomedical Signal." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 25, no. 06 (March 31, 2016): 1650052. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126616500523.
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A new approach to the design of a comb filter using current conveyor is proposed to eliminate the undesired harmonic interference from biomedical signal. In this approach, a number of inverted band pass filters are used to construct a comb filter. The components used are second generation current conveyor (CCII), capacitor and resistor. To verify the performance of the proposed circuit, the comb filter is designed to eliminate the unwanted power line frequency of 60[Formula: see text]Hz and its odd harmonics such as 180, 300 and 420[Formula: see text]Hz. The proposed circuit is simulated by implementing CCII[Formula: see text] using a macro model of commercially available CFOA IC AD844 as well as 0.18[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m CMOS technology. The circuit is also verified experimentally by using commercially available IC AD844. The effectiveness of harmonic removal has also been tested.
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Lu Wu, Xian-Da Zhang, Pei-Sheng Li, and Yong-Tao Su. "A blind CFO estimator based on smoothing power spectrum for OFDM systems." IEEE Transactions on Communications 57, no. 7 (July 2009): 1924–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2009.07.070067.
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