Relevant bibliographies by topics / CF2

Academic literature on the topic 'CF2'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 5 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "CF2"

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Malacarne, Massimo, Andrea Summer, Paolo Formaggioni, Piero Franceschi, Sandro Sandri, Mauro Pecorari, Paola Vecchia, and Primo Mariani. "Dairy maturation of milk used in the manufacture of Parmigiano-Reggiano cheese: effects on physico-chemical characteristics, rennet-coagulation aptitude and rheological properties." Journal of Dairy Research 75, no. 2 (May 2008): 218–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029908003221.

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The aim of this research was to study the effects of dairy maturation on the physico-chemical characteristics and technological properties of milk used for Parmigiano-Reggiano cheese manufacture. Three different operating conditions (CF1, CF2 and CF3) were considered. Full cream milk from the evening milking was stored on the farm and delivered to the cheese factory in churns (CF1) or in thermoregulated tanks at a temperature not lower than 18°C (CF2 and CF3). The natural creaming (10–12 h overnight) was performed in a traditional large flat vat containing 10–12 hl (CF1 and CF2) or in thermoregulated large flat vats containing 60 hl at about 15°C (CF3). Twenty-four, 24 and 22 maturation trials were performed in CF1, CF2, and CF3, respectively, during 2 consecutive years. A significant increase (P⩽0·05) in pH during the maturation of milk was observed in CF1 and CF2. The increase of pH was higher (P⩽0·05) in CF1 than CF2 and CF3. The values of titratable acidity were higher (P⩽0·05) in partially skimmed evening (PS) milk than in full cream (FC) milk in each operative condition. The increase observed in CF2 was higher than those reported in CF1 and CF3. Compared with FC milk, PS milk showed lower values (P⩽0·05) of casein and casein number and higher contents (P⩽0·05) of whey proteins and, particularly, proteose-peptone. The increase of proteose-peptone – per 100 g SNF or 100 g casein – was significantly higher (P⩽0·05) in CF1 than in CF2 and, in particular, than in CF3. A higher increase (P⩽0·05) of resistance to compression was observed in CF1 with respect to CF3. CF2 variation was not different with respect to either CF1 or CF3. Variation of the difference between PS and FC milks (PS-FC) in pH, TBC and fat were clearly lower in CF3 than CF1. This means that the control of milk temperature throughout the whole maturation phase offers a greater control of both microbial development and extent of creaming.
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Olsen, J. F., and N. Suga. "Combination-sensitive neurons in the medial geniculate body of the mustached bat: encoding of relative velocity information." Journal of Neurophysiology 65, no. 6 (June 1, 1991): 1254–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1991.65.6.1254.

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1. Orientation sounds (pulses) emitted by the mustached bat (Pteronotus parnellii) consist of up to four harmonics (H1-4); each harmonic contains a constant frequency (CF) component and a terminal frequency modulated (FM) component, so that there are eight components in total (CF1-4 and FM1-4). By referring the echo from a target to the emitted pulse, the mustached bat derives velocity information from Doppler shift and distance information from echo delay. In this study, the responses of single neurons in the medial geniculate body (MGB) to synthetic biosonar signals were investigated. Stimuli consisted of CF, FM, and CF-FM sounds. Paired CF-FM sounds were used to mimic any two harmonics of pulse-echo pairs. The dorsal and medial divisions of the MGB were found to contain combination-sensitive neurons. These neurons responded poorly to individual sounds regardless of frequency and amplitude and were facilitated by paired sounds presented at particular frequencies, amplitudes and inter-component intervals (simulated echo delay). Combination-sensitive neurons were tuned to the frequencies that characterize particular components of natural biosonar signals and were classified according to the components of pulse-echo pairs that best matched the spectral selectivity of the neuron. Two classes of combination-sensitive neurons were found, CF/CF and FM-FM. This paper focuses on CF/CF combination-sensitive neurons, which extract velocity information from paired CF components, and on CF2 and CF3 neurons, which, although not combination-sensitive, are tuned to the frequencies of the CF2 and CF3 components of biosonar signals. 2. CF2 and CF3 neurons were sharply tuned in frequency. The best frequencies of the most sharply tuned CF2 neurons were all approximately equal to 61.17 kHz (SD = 370 Hz), which closely matches the frequency at which P. parnellii stabilizes the CF2 component of an echo when compensating for Doppler shift. Thus CF2 neurons are specialized for a fine analysis of Doppler-compensated echoes. 3. Tuning curves of CF2 and CF3 neurons remained narrow regardless of stimulus level. When compared at high stimulus levels (30 and 50 dB above minimum threshold), bandwidths of tuning curves of CF2 and CF3 neurons were much smaller than those of peripheral auditory neurons turned to CF2 or CF3 frequencies but were about the same as those of cortical neurons tuned to CF2 or CF3 frequencies. Thus the sharpening of neural tuning curves by the bat's central auditory system occurs within or before the MGB.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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Tran, Huong Thu Thi, Tong Xuan Nguyen, Yen Hai Thi Trinh, Hang Thi To, Huyen Thanh Thi Dang, Linh Thuy Thi Vu, Phuong Thi Nguyen, and Thuy Thu Dinh. "Using biochar from spent coffee grounds to treat pollution in livestock wastewater." Journal of Mining and Earth Sciences 61, no. 5 (October 31, 2020): 135–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.46326/jmes.2020.61(5).15.

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Four types of biochar material synthesized from spent coffee grounds by slow pyrolysis process CF1 (500(C/0.5h); CF2 (500(C/1.5h); CF3 (500(C/3h); CF4 (500(C/6h) is studied to treat two pollution parameters (COD and TSS) in livestock wastewater. Material characteristics were determined by SEM, EDX and BET methods. The results showed that the 4 samples of biochar materials were structured fiber clearly, the interplanar spacing which corresponds to the lattice plane. The C content in the biochar sample is higher than the initial raw material sample; the highest value recorded reaches 90.61% C (CF2). 100 mL of the original livestock waster water is filtered through columns with 4g of biochar CF1-CF4 during reaction times varied from 0h, 1h, 4h and 8h, the COD treatment efficiency and adsorption content of CF4 sample is highest of 96.41% and 188 mg/g after 8h, and the lowest value is 76.67% and 149.5 mg/g after 1h recorded in CF3 sample, however the COD value after treatment is still higher from 1.2 to 1.46 times than Vietnamese standard 62: 2016/MONRE - national technical regulation on the effluent of livestock. The CF3 material samples have the highest TSS treatment efficiency and adsorption content of 95.19% and 6.425 mg/g after 8h and the lowest of 66.78% and 4.575 mg/g recorded in CF1 samples after 1h, response the requirements of QCVN 62: 2016/MONRE. The results showed that biochar is a potential sorbent to removed pollutants from waste water.
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Suga, N., and K. Tsuzuki. "Inhibition and level-tolerant frequency tuning in the auditory cortex of the mustached bat." Journal of Neurophysiology 53, no. 4 (April 1, 1985): 1109–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1985.53.4.1109.

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For echolocation the mustached bat, Pteronotus parnellii, emits complex orientation sounds (pulses), each consisting of four harmonics with long constant-frequency components (CF1-4) followed by short frequency-modulated components (FM1-4). The CF signals are best suited for target detection and measurement of target velocity. The CF/CF area of the auditory cortex of this species contains neurons sensitive to pulse-echo pairs. These CF/CF combination-sensitive neurons extract velocity information from Doppler-shifted echoes. In this study we electrophysiologically investigated the frequency tuning of CF/CF neurons for excitation, facilitation, and inhibition. CF1/CF2 and CF1/CF3 combination-sensitive neurons responded poorly to individual signal elements in pulse-echo pairs but showed strong facilitation of responses to pulse-echo pairs. The essential components in the pairs were CF1 of the pulse and CF2 or CF3 of the echo. In 68% of CF/CF neurons, the frequency-tuning curves for facilitation were extremely sharp for CF2 or CF3 and were "level-tolerant" so that the bandwidths of the tuning curves were less than 5.0% of best frequencies even at high stimulus levels. Facilitative tuning curves for CF1 were level tolerant only in 6% of the neurons studied. CF/CF neurons were specialized for fine analysis of the frequency relationship between two CF sounds regardless of sound pressure levels. Some CF/CF neurons responded to single-tone stimuli. Frequency-tuning curves for excitation (responses to single-tone stimuli) were extremely sharp and level tolerant for CF2 or CF3 in 59% of CF1/CF2 neurons and 70% of CF1/CF3 neurons. Tuning to CF1 was level tolerant in only 9% of these neurons. Sharp level-tolerant tuning may be the neural basis for small difference limens in frequency at high stimulus levels. Sharp level-tolerant tuning curves were sandwiched between broad inhibitory areas. Best frequencies for inhibition were slightly higher or lower than the best frequencies for facilitation and excitation. We thus conclude that sharp level-tolerant tuning curves are produced by inhibition. The extent to which neural sharpening occurred differed among groups of neurons tuned to different frequencies. The more important the frequency analysis of a particular component in biosonar signals, the more pronounced the neural sharpening. This was in addition to the peripheral specialization for fine frequency analysis of that component. The difference in bandwidth or quality factor between the excitatory tuning curves of peripheral neurons and the facilitative and excitatory tuning curves of CF/CF neurons was larger at higher stimulus levels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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O'Hagan, David, Yi Wang, Maciej Skibinski, and Alexandra M. Z. Slawin. "Influence of the difluoromethylene group (CF2) on the conformation and properties of selected organic compounds." Pure and Applied Chemistry 84, no. 7 (April 7, 2012): 1587–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac-con-11-09-26.

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The CF2 group has found applications as a substituent in all classes of organic chemical products from medicinal products to materials, although it is less frequently encountered than the C–F and CF3 substituents. In this review, the geometric influence of placing two fluorine atoms on carbon is considered and in particular, deviations from tetrahedral geometry are noted. The incorporation of the CF2 group into CF2 phosphonates as phosphate mimics is reviewed and the geometric and steric influences of the CF2 group are considered when the substituent is placed within aliphatic chains and aliphatic ring (cyclododecane) systems.
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Jeffries, Benjamin, Zhong Wang, Jérôme Graton, Simon D. Holland, Thomasin Brind, Ryan D. R. Greenwood, Jean-Yves Le Questel, James S. Scott, Elisabetta Chiarparin, and Bruno Linclau. "Reducing the Lipophilicity of Perfluoroalkyl Groups by CF2–F/CF2–Me or CF3/CH3 Exchange." Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 61, no. 23 (November 9, 2018): 10602–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01222.

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Sambol, Susan P., Michelle M. Merrigan, David Lyerly, Dale N. Gerding, and Stuart Johnson. "Toxin Gene Analysis of a Variant Strain ofClostridium difficile That Causes Human Clinical Disease." Infection and Immunity 68, no. 10 (October 1, 2000): 5480–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.68.10.5480-5487.2000.

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ABSTRACT A toxin variant strain of Clostridium difficile was isolated from two patients with C. difficile-associated disease (CDAD), one of whom died from extensive pseudomembranous colitis. This strain, identified by restriction endonuclease analysis (REA) as type CF2, was not detected by an immunoassay for C. difficile toxin A. Culture supernatants of CF2 failed to elicit significant enterotoxic activity in the rabbit ileal loop assay but did produce atypical cytopathic effects in cell culture assay. Southern hybridization, PCR amplification, and DNA sequence analyses were performed on the toxin A (tcdA) and toxin B (tcdB) genes of type CF2 isolate 5340. Type CF2 5340tcdA exhibited a 1,821-bp truncation, due to three deletions in the 3′ end of the gene, and a point mutation in the 5′ end of the gene, resulting in a premature stop codon at tcdAposition 139. Type CF2 5340 tcdB exhibited multiple nucleotide base substitutions in the 5′ end of the gene compared totcdB of the standard toxigenic strain VPI 10463. Type CF2 5340 toxin gene nucleotide sequences and deduced amino acid sequences showed a strong resemblance to those of the previously described variant C. difficile strain 1470, a strain reported to have reduced pathogenicity and no association with clinical illness in humans. REA of strain 1470 identified this strain as a distinct type (CF1) within the same REA group as the closely related type CF2. A review of our clinical-isolate collection identified five additional patients infected with type CF2, three of whom had documented CDAD. PCR amplification of the 3′ end of tcdA demonstrated identical 1.8-kb deletions in all seven type CF2 isolates. REA type CF2 is a toxin variant strain of C. difficile that retains the ability to cause disease in humans but is not detected in clinical immunoassays for toxin A.
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Wlassics, Ivan, and Vito Tortelli. "Coupling Reactions of Chlorofluoro and Perfluoroalkyl Iodides." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 73, no. 12 (2008): 1719–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc20081719.

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Coupling reactions of chlorofluoro- and perfluoroalkyl iodides Rf-I with Rf = ClCF2CFCl(CF2)3CF2-, ClCF2CFClO(CF2)3CF2-, ClCF2CFCl-, (CF3)2CF- , (CF3)2CFCF2CF2- in the presence of a zinc/solvent system give dimers in good yields. Both homodimerizations (one iodide) and heterodimerizations (two different iodides) have been studied. The effect of temperature and solvent is shown. The zinc mediated dechlorination of vicinal chlorine atoms in the dimers afforded terminal alkenes and dienes.
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Riquimaroux, H., S. J. Gaioni, and N. Suga. "Inactivation of the DSCF area of the auditory cortex with muscimol disrupts frequency discrimination in the mustached bat." Journal of Neurophysiology 68, no. 5 (November 1, 1992): 1613–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1992.68.5.1613.

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1. The Jamaican mustached bat uses a biosonar signal (pulse) with eight major components: four harmonics each consisting of a long constant frequency (CF1-4) component followed by a short frequency-modulated (FM1-4) component. While flying, the bat adjusts the frequency of its pulse so as to maintain the CF2 of the Doppler-shifted echo at a frequency to which its cochlea is very sharply tuned. This Doppler shift (DS) compensation likely is mediated or influenced by the Doppler-shifted CF (DSCF) processing area of the primary auditory cortex, which only represents frequencies in the range of echo CF2s (60.6 to 62.3 kHz when the "resting" frequency of the CF2 is 61.0 kHz). 2. We trained four bats to discriminate between different trains of paired tone bursts that mimicked a bat's pulse CF2 and the accompanying echo CF2. The frequency of these CF2s ranged between 61.0 and 64.0 kHz. A discriminated shock avoidance procedure response was employed using a leg flexion. For one stimulus, the S+, the pulse and echo CF2s were the same frequency (delta f = 0, i.e., no Doppler shift). A leg flexion during the S+ turned off both the S+ and the scheduled shock. For a second stimulus, the S-, the echo CF2 was 0.05, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, or 2.0 kHz higher than the pulse CF2. A delta f of 0.05 kHz was a frequency difference of 0.08%. No shock followed the S-, and leg flexions had no consequences. Correct responses consisted of a leg flexion during the S+ and no flexion during the S-; these responses were added together to compute the percentage of correct responses. When a bat correctly responded at better than 75% for all the delta f s, muscimol, a potent agonist of gamma-aminobutyric acid, was bilaterally applied to inactivate the DSCF area. Performance on each delta f discrimination was then measured. 3. Initial attempts to condition the bats to flex their legs to the CF tones mimicking part of the natural pulses and echoes failed. When broad-band noise bursts were substituted, however, the conditioned response was rapidly established. The noise band-width was gradually reduced and then replaced with the CF tones. Discrimination training with the tone burst trains then commenced. Throughout this procedure, the bats maintained their responding to the stimuli. The bats typically required approximately 20-30 sessions to perform consistently (> or = 75% correct responses) a discrimination involving a 2 kHz delta f.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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Minkwitz, R., and D. Lamek. "Darstellung der Iminiumsalze CF3?NX?CF2+MF6? (X = CH3, F und M = As, Sb) und CF3?NCl = CF2+ AsF6?" Zeitschrift f�r anorganische und allgemeine Chemie 620, no. 3 (March 1994): 514–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19946200320.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "CF2"

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Brehm, Oliver. "Untersuchungen zur Einführung der polyfluorierten Gruppen CF3(CF2)5-C2H4 und C6F5 in Alkyl- und Arylchlorsilane." [S.l. : s.n.], 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=970509405.

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Hargreaves, Leigh Randall, and harg0032@flinders edu au. "Absolute Electron Scattering Cross Sections for the CF2 Radical." Flinders University. School of Chemsitry, Physics and Earth Sciences, 2008. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au./local/adt/public/adt-SFU20080430.103821.

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This thesis describes an experimental study of elastic electron scattering from CF2 radicals, in the intermediate energy regime. Measurements of the absolute differential, integral and momentum transfer cross sections for CF2 are presented. These measurements were performed using a new crossed beam spectrometer, incorporating a supersonic gas source and normalised using a new technique, with both of these features being extensively developed as a major part of this study. The organisation of this thesis is as follows: A brief justification for this research is presented in Chapter 1, together with a review of the spectroscopy and electron collision cross sections which are currently available for the CF2 radical. The crossed beamed apparatus and experimental techniques used to perform the present cross section measurements are then described in detail in Chapter 2, and the theory behind the new normalisation technique is subsequently presented in Chapter 3. Results from the present study are given in Chapter 4. Firstly, differential cross sections measurements for stable molecules are presented, to validate the new normalisation method. Characterisation data for the dissociation dynamics of C2F4 into CF2 radicals are then presented and, finally, differential cross section measurements for the CF2 radical are explored. Where possible, the measured data for CF2 are compared against results from theoretical calculations and the implications of the present results are discussed. The major findings of this research are then summarised in Chapter 5, and directions for future research using the present apparatus are also discussed here. Finally, some additional findings from this research and calibration data for the current apparatus are given in the appendices.
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Zhou, Chun. "CHEMICAL DURABILITY STUDIES OF IONOMERS AND MODEL COMPOUNDS FOR FUEL CELL APPLICATIONS." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1199478916.

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Pouzet, Eric. "Etude du comportement moléculaire de l'alcane semifluoré F(CF2)8(CH2)18H en couches minces déposées sur substrats liquide et solide : détermination structurale et organisation interfaciale." Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066571.

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Medaghri-Alaoui, Abdelouahid. "Réduction électrochimique du dibromodifluorométhane. Formation du radical anion (CF2Br2). ̱, du radical CF2Br. , du bromodifluorométhylure CF2Bṟ et du difluorocarbène : cf2." Montpellier 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MON20135.

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La presente etude porte sur le comportement du dibromodifluoromethane lors d'une reduction a une electrode de carbone. On montre que cette reduction est bielectronique conduisant au difluorocarbene, via le bromodifluoromethylure. Les electrolyses conduites en presence de diverses olefines, mettent en evidence la formation de composes resultant de la presence intermediaire du radical bromodifluoromethyle: composes d'addition dans le cas de l'hex-i-ene, oligomeres dans le cas de l'acrylate d'ethyle, composes d'addition et difluorocyclopropane dans le cas du 2,3-dimethylbut-2-ene. Une etude des mecanismes mis en jeu, en voltametrie a variation lineaire de potentiel, permet de preciser les points suivants: la reduction cathodique du dibromodifluoromethane, correspond initialement a la formation du radical anion dibromodifluoromethane. Celui-ci diffuse au voisinage de l'electrode et se decompose en radical bromodifluoromethyle et ion bromure. La vitesse de coupure correspondante a pu etre calculee. Le radical libere peut reagir avec une olefine, ou en l'absence etre reduit en bromodifluoromethylure, connu comme source de difluorocarbene. On a pu montrer que les difluorocyclopropanes formes resultent en partie de la cyclisation des adducts intermediaires et non uniquement d'une reaction directe du difluorocarbene. Les vitesses de reactions du radical bromodifluoromethyle sur les trois olefines etudiees ont ete determinees. Au total, la reduction cathodique du dibromodifluoromethane montre que l'electrochimie permet de developper a la fois les potentialites des methodes radicalaires d'activation de ce compose et les methodes de reduction sur les metaux conduisant au carbene libre. En particulier, la formation initiale d'un radical anion par transfert monoelectronique a pu etre etablie
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Bulcourt, Nicolas. "Etude des radicaux CF et CF2 dans une décharge capacitive double fréquence 27 et 2 MHz en Ar/O2/C4F8." Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112009.

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La microélectronique consiste en l’élaboration de structures nanométriques. L’utilisation des plasmas est donc nécessaire. Ceux utilisés pour la gravure de diélectriques et de matériaux « low-k » sont des plasmas capacitifs utilisant un gaz carbonofluoré excité par une double fréquence produisant des radicaux de type CFx qui gravent SiO2 mais également polymérisent sur les surfaces. Les plus petits radicaux présents sont CF et CF2. Le travail présenté dans cette thèse porte donc sur l’étude de ces radicaux dans une décharge capacitive double fréquence 27+2 MHz en Ar/O2/C4F8. L’objectif est de déterminer et comprendre la répartition des densités, des températures rotationnelles et vibrationnelles dans le plasma. Le réacteur est de type Exelan® modifié. Il est constitué de deux électrodes plates et circulaires d’un rayon de 10 cm et séparées de 25 mm. Des anneaux en quartz permettent le confinement du plasma. Un substrat de silicium de 20 cm de diamètre est placé sur l’électrode de puissance. Nous avons choisi d’utiliser la spectroscopie d’absorption UV large bande qui n'est pas intrusive et est facile d'utilisation. Les spectres expérimentaux ont été mesurés pour déterminer les profils axiaux et radiaux. Pour cela, ils ont été comparés à ceux obtenus par simulation. Pour le radical CF, nous avons utilisé le logiciel LIFBASE pour simuler les spectres d’absorption. Pour CF2, nous avons, avec l’aide de nombreux chercheurs, développé notre propre programme. Les profils radiaux ont été obtenus une utilisant la méthode d’inversion d’Abel et une méthode d’inversion récursive. Les zones de création, de destruction et de chauffage ont été identifiées. Les résultats montrent que le plasma n’est pas uniforme en phase gazeuse mais qu’il tend à le devenir au dessus du substrat lorsque la puissance augmente. Le chauffage des modes de vibration proviendrait de mécanismes collisionnels électroniques. Ce travail est une première étape pour une meilleure compréhension de ce type de décharge
Microelectronics is used to make nanometre structures. This can only be achieved by using plasmas. They are used in a lot of processes as deposition and etching of low-k and dielectric materials. For these last applications, capacitive plasmas with fluorocarbon gases excited by a dual frequency are used. They product CFx radicals which can etch SiO2 and polymerise on the surfaces. The smallest radicals in these plasmas are CF and CF2. This work is on plasma physics and on the study of the CF and CF2 radicals in a dual-frequency 27+2 MHz capacitive discharge in Ar/O2/C4F8. The aim was to determine and to understand the density, the rotational and the vibrational distributions in the discharge. The experimental reactor we used is a modified Exelan® reactor of LAM Research Corp to permit the diagnostic of the plasma with conditions close to industrial conditions. It has two plate electrodes with a 10 cm radius. The gap is 25 mm. Quartz rings permit to confine the plasma. A 200 mm silicon wafer is on the powered electrode. We chose to use the UV broad-band absorption spectroscopy. This technique is not intrusive and it is simple to use. The experimental spectra were measured to determine the axial and radial distributions. For this, they were compared to those obtained by simulation. For the CF radical, we used the software LIFBASE to simulate the absorption spectra. But for CF2, thanks to others researchers, we have developed our own program. The radial profiles were obtained using the Abel inversion method and a recursive method. We have been able to identify the different production and destruction areas and the warming areas in the discharge. The results show that the plasma is not uniform in the gas phase but it tends to be uniform above the wafer when the power increases. The vibration modes are essentially warmed by electronic impacts. This study is a first step to understand this kind of discharge and others studies will help us to have a better knowledge of the different mechanisms
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Mehmetli, Bulent Ahmet. "Engineering studies of a pilot plant for laser isotope separation of 13[superscript]C by multiphoton dissociation of CF2[subscript]HCl /." The Ohio State University, 1993. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487848078452332.

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Hessami, Sanna. "Hur utformar lärarna undervisningen för att stimulera språket hos elever med ett annat modersmål än svenska? : Om tvåspråkighet." Thesis, Mälardalen University, School of Education, Culture and Communication, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-7794.

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Syftet med undersökningen var att ta reda på hur lärare utformar sin undervisning för att stimulera språket hos elever med ett annat modersmål än svenska. Jag koncentrerade mig på två skolor som ligger nära varandra för att se vilka likheter och skillnader det finns mellan skolorna gällande undervisningen. Jag ville även veta om det finns något samarbete mellan klasslärare och modersmålslärare och hur det i så fall ser ut. Jag gjorde intervjuer med rektorer och lärare för att få svar på mina frågor. Jag intervjuade en modersmålslärare för att få en inblick i hur han arbetar. Jag har även gjort två observationer, en under en lektion i svenska i den vanliga undervisningen och en under en modersmålsundervisning.

Resultaten visar att lärarna försöker se till tvåspråkiga elevernas förutsättningar och behov och de flesta lärarna var eniga om att det mest utvecklande för dessa elever är att arbeta med språket på olika sätt. Det finns samarbete mellan klasslärarna och modersmålslärarna, men bara till viss del. En av skolorna har fler elever med ett annat modersmål än svenska och därför även mer erfarenhet i att undervisa dem.

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Sölter, Lars. "Experimentelle und theoretische Untersuchungen der Dissoziationen von Tetrafluorethen, Hexafluorpropen und Hexafluorcyclopropan." Doctoral thesis, Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0022-5F20-0.

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Berezkin, Kirill. "High-resolution infrared spectroscopy of the CH2 = CD2 molecule." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCK044/document.

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Dans cette thèse, nous avons considéré les spectres de la molécule CH2=CD2. Dans la partie expérimentale, nous avons enregistré des spectres infrarouges à haute résolution (~ 0,0025 cm-1) et fait une attribution complète des transitions enregistrées. Nous avons pu assigner pour la première fois un grand nombre de transitions des combinaisons peu intenses υ4+υ10, υ4+υ7 et de l'harmonique 2υ10; de bandes interdites par symétrie υ4, υ7+υ10, υ8+υ10; et des bandes «chaudes» υ7+υ10–υ10 et υ8+υ10–υ10. Pour la première fois, plus de 7000 transitions inconnues des bandes fondamentales υ2, υ3, υ6, υ7, υ8, υ10, υ12 et de l'harmonique 2υ7 ont été assignées. Sur la base de la théorie des opérateurs de perturbation et des propriétés de symétrie de la molécule étudiée, nous avons construit un hamiltonien effectif puis ajusté les énergies vibrationnelles expérimentales de quatorze états vibrationnels. De cette étude, il a résulté un écart-type pour l'ajustement d'environ (1,7–2,5)×10−4 cm−1 pour diverses régions spectrales. Nous avons également mesuré les valeurs expérimentales des intensités et des demi-largeurs et avons calculé les paramètres du moment dipolaire effectif et des coefficients d'auto-élargissement de la molécule CH2=CD2
In this thesis we have considered spectra of the CH2=CD2 molecule. In the experimental part we recorded high-resolution (~ 0.0025 cm-1) infrared spectra and made full assignment of the recorded transitions. We were able to assign for the first time a lot of transitions to the weak combinations υ4+υ10, υ4+υ7 and 2υ10 overtone; forbidden due to the symmetry υ4, υ7+υ10, υ8+υ10; «hot» υ7+υ10–υ10 and υ8+υ10–υ10 bands. More than 7000 previously unknown transitions were assigned to the fundamental bands υ2, υ3, υ6, υ7, υ8, υ10, υ12 and 2υ7 overtone. On the base of operator perturbation theory and the symmetry properties of the studied molecule, we constructed an effective Hamiltonian and then fitted experimental ro-vibrational energies of fourteen vibrational states. As a result, rms-deviation of the fit was about (1.7–2.5)×10−4 cm−1 for various spectral regions. We measured also experimental values of intensities and halfwidths and calculated parameters of effective dipole moment and self-broadening coefficients of the СH2=СD2 molecule
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Books on the topic "CF2"

1

Abdih, Yasser. FEER for the CFA Franc. [Washington D.C.]: International Monetary Fund., 2006.

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Pourquoi la dévaluation du franc CFA était-elle vouée à l'échec au Gabon? Paris: L'Harmattan, 2007.

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Jacques Janvier Rop's Okoué Edou. Pourquoi la dévaluation du franc CFA était-elle vouée à l'échec au Gabon. Paris: L'Harmattan, 2006.

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Monnaie africaine: La question de la zone franc en Afrique centrale. Paris: L'Harmattan, 2008.

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Schwarze, Rüdiger. CFD-Modellierung. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-24378-3.

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Sutcliff, Michael, and Michael Donnellan, eds. CFO Insights. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119208433.

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Shim, Jae K., Joel G. Siegel, and Allison I. Shim, eds. CFO Fundamentals. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119205111.

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Hitchmough, Wendy. CFA Voysey. London: Phaidon, 1995.

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Guzik, Marina. CFO Techniques. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4302-3757-0.

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Voysey, Charles F. A., 1857-1941., ed. CFA Voysey. London: Academy Editions, 1992.

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Book chapters on the topic "CF2"

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Vogt, J. "43 CF2 Difluoromethylene." In Asymmetric Top Molecules. Part 1, 106. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-10371-1_45.

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Rozen, Shlomo. "Chemistry of BrF3 Constructing the CF2, CF3 and CF2H Groups." In Fluorination, 1–11. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-1855-8_32-1.

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Rozen, Shlomo. "Chemistry of BrF3 Constructing the CF2, CF3 and CF2H Groups." In Fluorination, 51–61. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3896-9_32.

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Ivanov, V. V., K. S. Klopovskiy, D. V. Lopaev, O. V. Proshina, A. T. Rakhimov, and T. V. Rakhimova. "CF2 Production by CF4 Electron Impact Dissociation in Gas Discharge." In Advanced Technologies Based on Wave and Beam Generated Plasmas, 471–72. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0633-9_21.

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Gosnell, T. R., A. J. Taylor, and J. L. Lyman. "Broadband Ultrafast Absorption Spectroscopy in the Hard Ultraviolet: Evolution of the CF2 Radical upon Photodissociation of CF2Br2." In Springer Series in Chemical Physics, 483–85. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84269-6_146.

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Junge, Wolfgang, Gerald Schoenknecht, and Holger Lill. "Complete Tracking of Proton Flow Mediated by CF0-CF1 and by CF0." In Progress in Photosynthesis Research, 133–40. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0516-5_29.

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Frasch, Wayne D., and Jack P. Green. "Crystallization of the Functional β Subunit from CF1-CF0." In Current Research in Photosynthesis, 1915–20. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0511-5_440.

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Seppälä, M., and S. Kallio. "CFD Modelling of Particle Mixtures in a 2D CFB." In Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion, 851–56. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02682-9_132.

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Zhang, Nan, Wei Wang, and Jinghai Li. "CFD Simulation of Combustion in a 150 MWe CFB Boiler." In Cleaner Combustion and Sustainable World, 65–67. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30445-3_11.

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Posypaiko, V. I., and E. A. Alekseeva. "CaF2." In Phase Equilibria in Binary Halides, 74–82. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-9024-4_22.

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Conference papers on the topic "CF2"

1

Williams, Albert J. "Current meter performance with CF2 controller." In OCEANS 2014. IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/oceans.2014.7003198.

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Geissel, Matthias, R. Bock, Anatoly Y. Faenov, D. H. H. Hoffmann, Tatiana A. Pikuz, P. Pirzadeh, Frank B. Rosmej, et al. "X-ray spectroscopy of laser-heated CF2-foils." In 26th European Conference on Laser Interaction with Matter (ECLIM 2000), edited by Milan Kalal, Karel Rohlena, and Milan Sinor. SPIE, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.425649.

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Jin, Huiliang, Jie Li, Caixue Tang, Wenhui Deng, and Xianhua Chen. "Investigation of the atomic emission spectroscopy of F atoms and CF2 molecules in CF4 plasma processing." In Eighth International Symposium on Advanced Optical Manufacturing and Testing Technology (AOMATT2016), edited by Wenhan Jiang, Li Yang, Oltmann Riemer, Shengyi Li, and Yongjian Wan. SPIE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2243979.

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Ziadi, Safa, Mohamed Njah, and Mohamed Chtourou. "PSO-CF2: A new method for the path planning of a mobile robot." In 2015 12th International Multi-Conference on Systems, Signals & Devices (SSD). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ssd.2015.7348202.

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Capps, Nathan, Neil Mackie, and Ellen Fisher. "Surface interactions of CF2 radicals in fluorocarbon plasmas with a variety of substrate materials." In 29th AIAA, Plasmadynamics and Lasers Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1998-2985.

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Courtot, A., M. Defranceschi, J. J. Legendre, and J. Amouroux. "Prospective theoretical study of the reactivity of simple carbenes (CF2 and SF2) with polyethylene in a plasma treatment using CF4 and SF6 gases." In The proceedings of the 53rd international meeting of physical chemistry: Organic coatings. AIP, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.49469.

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Dorris, Rachel, Sean Peebles, and Rebecca Peebles. "STRUCTURE DETERMINATION AND CH…F INTERACTIONS IN H2C=CHF…H2C=CF2 BY FOURIER-TRANSFORM MICROWAVE SPECTROSCOPY." In 70th International Symposium on Molecular Spectroscopy. Urbana, Illinois: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15278/isms.2015.mg08.

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Charlton, Eric, and Atlee Cunningham. "F-16 CFT Design for Gunfire with CFD." In 21st AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2003-3677.

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Izumi, Akira, Noriyuki Matsubara, Yusuke Kushida, Kazuo Tsutsui, and Nikolai S. Sokolov. "CdF2/CaF2 Resonant Tunneling Diode Fabricated on Si(111)." In 1996 International Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials. The Japan Society of Applied Physics, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.7567/ssdm.1996.a-7-5.

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Coirier, W., S. Kim, and M. Showalter. "Fish-Like Locomotion: A CFD Simulation of Mit’s Robotuna." In CFD 2003: CFD Technology In Ship Hydrodynamics. RINA, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3940/rina.cfd.2003.16.

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Reports on the topic "CF2"

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Ho, W. S. Winston, and Yang Han. FE0026919: Novel CO2-Selective Membranes for CO2 Capture from <1% CO2 Sources. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1574273.

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Skone, Timothy J. CO2 Recovery. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1509344.

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Skone, Timothy J. CO2 Compression. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1509260.

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Ward, Colin, and Wolfgang Heidug. Enhanced Oil Recovery and CO2 Storage Potential Outside North America: An Economic Assessment. King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Center, January 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.30573/ks--2018-dp27.

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Storing carbon dioxide (CO2 ) in oil reservoirs as part of CO2 -based enhanced oil recovery (CO2 -EOR) can be a cost-effective solution to reduce emissions into the atmosphere. In this paper, we analyze the economics of this option in order to estimate the amount of CO2 that could be profitably stored in different regions of the world. We consider situations in which the CO2 -EOR operator either purchases the CO2 supplied or is paid for its storage. Building upon extensive data sets concerning the characteristics and location of oil reservoirs and emission sources, the paper focuses on opportunities outside North America. Using net present value (NPV) as an indicator for profitability, we conduct a break-even analysis to relate CO2 supply prices (positive or negative) to economically viable storage potential.
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van Weel, P. A., and B. H. E. Vanthoor. CO2 uit buitenlucht. Wageningen UR Glastuinbouw, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/401914.

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Skone, Timothy J. CO2 Pipeline Construction. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1509261.

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Skone, Timothy J. CO2 Pipeline Operation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1509262.

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Skone, Timothy J. CO2 Pipeline Pigging. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1509342.

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Skone, Timothy J. CO2 Pressure Boosting. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1509343.

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Sariciftci, Niyazi Serdar. CO2 Recycling: The Conversion of Renewable Energy into Chemical Fuels. AsiaChem Magazine, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.51167/acm00011.

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We want to bring the idea of conversion of CO2 into synthetic fuels (CO2 recycling) into attention, as a possible approach for transportable storage of renewable energy. Recycling of CO2 by homogeneous and/or heterogeneous catalytic approaches have been investigated with increasing emphasis within the scientific community. In the last decades, especially using organic and bioorganic systems towards CO2 reduction has attracted great interest. Chemical, electrochemical, photoelectrochemical, and bioelectrochemical approaches are discussed vividly as new routes towards the conversion of CO2 into synthetic fuels and/or useful chemicals in the recent literature. Here we want to especially emphasize the new developments in bio-electrocatalysis with some recent examples.
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