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1
Donha, Riviane Maria Albuquerque, Mário Roque, Antônio Enedi Boaretto, Elcio Ferreira Santos, Fernando Giovannetti Macedo, Wanderley José Melo, and José Lavres Junior. "Could 137Cs remediation be accomplished with stable cesium (CsCl) on tropical soils?" November 2019, no. 13(11):2019 (November 20, 2019): 1777–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.19.13.11.p1562.
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Stable cesium can be considered as the best element for desorption of soil radio-cesium. It is considered an element that slightly absorbed by plants, so that the application of high doses to the soil could increase the absorption of 137Cs, which is desired for the remediation of contaminated soils. There is shortage of knowledge on remediation of tropical and subtropical soils contaminated with 137Cs. The aim of this work was to evaluate the use of 133Cs for the remediation of Brazilian tropical and subtropical soils contaminated with 137Cs. In addition, we investigated the Cs uptake by bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) grown in Cs contaminated soil. The experiment was carried out in pots under greenhouse conditions. Seven soil types were used in the experiment (Oxisol, Udox, Psamment, Ochrept; Aquoll; Udox and Udult), which received the application of four doses of 133Cs (0, 5, 10 and 20 mg/pot in a completely randomized design arranged in a factorial scheme (7 soil types x 4 doses of 133Cs) with three replicates. An increase in transfer factor values of 137Cs was observed for both shoot growth and grains, as well as in percentage of total activity of 137Cs removed from the soil regarding to addition of stable cesium levels in all soils. The results showed that psamment soil presented higher specific activity of 137Cs in the soil and grains, as well as for the transfer coefficient from soil to shoot growth and grains. The application of stable cesium chloride to soil did not cause any effects on dry matter production of shoot growth and grains. The addition of 133Cs increased the transfer from soil 137Cs to the plant regardless of soil type, proving the efficiency of this practice for the remediation of soils contaminated with radioactive Cs. In addition, the plants of common bean were efficient for use in phytoremediation.
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Rauwel, Protima, and Erwan Rauwel. "Towards the Extraction of Radioactive Cesium-137 from Water via Graphene/CNT and Nanostructured Prussian Blue Hybrid Nanocomposites: A Review." Nanomaterials 9, no. 5 (May 2, 2019): 682. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9050682.
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Cesium is a radioactive fission product generated in nuclear power plants and is disposed of as liquid waste. The recent catastrophe at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant in Japan has increased the 137Cs and 134Cs concentrations in air, soil and water to lethal levels. 137Cs has a half-life of 30.4 years, while the half-life of 134Cs is around two years, therefore the formers’ detrimental effects linger for a longer period. In addition, cesium is easily transported through water bodies making water contamination an urgent issue to address. Presently, efficient water remediation methods towards the extraction of 137Cs are being studied. Prussian blue (PB) and its analogs have shown very high efficiencies in the capture of 137Cs+ ions. In addition, combining them with magnetic nanoparticles such as Fe3O4 allows their recovery via magnetic extraction once exhausted. Graphene and carbon nanotubes (CNT) are the new generation carbon allotropes that possess high specific surface areas. Moreover, the possibility to functionalize them with organic or inorganic materials opens new avenues in water treatment. The combination of PB-CNT/Graphene has shown enhanced 137Cs+ extraction and their possible applications as membranes can be envisaged. This review will survey these nanocomposites, their efficiency in 137Cs+ extraction, their possible toxicity, and prospects in large-scale water remediation and succinctly survey other new developments in 137Cs+ extraction.
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Tazoe, Hirofumi, Takeyasu Yamagata, Kazuki Tsujita, Hisao Nagai, Hajime Obata, Daisuke Tsumune, Jota Kanda, and Masatoshi Yamada. "Observation of Dispersion in the Japanese Coastal Area of Released 90Sr, 134Cs, and 137Cs from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant to the Sea in 2013." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 21 (October 24, 2019): 4094. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16214094.
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The March 2011 earthquake and tsunami resulted in significant damage to the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) and the subsequent release of radionuclides into the ocean. Here, we investigated the spatial distribution of strontium-90 (90Sr) and cesium-134/cesium-137 (134, 137Cs) in surface seawater of the coastal region near the FDNPP. In the coastal region, 90Sr activity was high, from 0.89 to 29.13 mBq L−1, with detectable FDNPP site-derived 134Cs. This indicated that release of 90Sr from the power plant was ongoing even in May 2013, as was that of 134Cs and 137Cs. 90Sr activities measured at open ocean sites corresponded to background derived from atmospheric nuclear weapons testing fallout. The FDNPP site-derived 90Sr/137Cs activity ratios in seawater were much higher than those in the direct discharge event in March 2011, in river input, and in seabed sediment; those ratios showed large variability, ranging from 0.16 to 0.64 despite a short sampling period. This FDNPP site-derived 90Sr/137Cs activity ratio suggests that these radionuclides were mainly derived from stagnant water in the reactor and turbine buildings of the FDNPP, while a different source with a low 90Sr/137Cs ratio could contribute to and produce the temporal variability of the 90Sr/137Cs ratio in coastal water. We estimated the release rate of 90Sr from the power plant as 9.6 ± 6.1 GBq day−1 in May 2013 on the basis of the relationship between 90Sr and 137Cs activity (90Sr/137Cs = 0.66 ± 0.05) and 137Cs release rate.
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Kin, Tadahiro, Naoto Araki, Md Kawchar Ahmed Patwary, Katsumi Aoki, Kosuke Yoshinami, Masaya Yamaguchi, Masatoshi Itoh, and Yukinobu Watanabe. "Production method of environmental tracer 132Cs by accelerator-based neutron." EPJ Web of Conferences 239 (2020): 20002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202023920002.
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Cesium-132 has proposed as an alternative tracer of 137Cs for environment study on radioactive cesium dynamics released by a nuclear power plant accident. In the present study, we conducted a production experiment of the 132Cs by means of accelerator-based neutron method to investigate production amount and radioactive purity. A 12-g Cs2CO3 sample was irradiated by the accelerator-based neutron via the C(d,n) reactions by 1.2 µA of 30-MeV deuterons. As a result, 102 kBq/g of 132Cs was obtained with higher than 98.5% radioactive purity. Following that, a feasibility study of cesium dynamics measurement in andosol soil was performed. We found distribution of absorption of cesium in andosol soil can be clearly measurable by the produced 132Cs tracer.
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Manaka, Takuya, Shinta Ohashi, Sumika Ogo, Yuichiro Otsuka, and Hitomi Furusawa. "Sorption and desorption experiments using stable cesium: considerations for radiocesium retention by fresh plant residues in Fukushima forest soils." Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 329, no. 1 (May 17, 2021): 213–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10967-021-07749-1.
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AbstractWe conducted sorption experiments with stable cesium (133Cs) solution in different organic matter samples, aiming to understand the sorption of radiocesium (134Cs and 137Cs) in the initial throughfall by fresh plant residues (e.g., needles, wood, and bark from Japanese cedar trees) in the Oi horizon in forests in Fukushima. Among the organic matter samples, bark and wattle tannin sorbed relatively large amounts of Cs, whereas wood and cellulose powder sorbed small amounts. In contrast, samples containing clay minerals showed much higher Cs sorption. We also conducted desorption experiments, and suggested that Cs on the organic matter samples were relatively mobile.
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Trappe, Matthew J., Leah D. Minc, Kimberly S. Kittredge, and Jeremias W. Pink. "Cesium radioisotope content of wild edible fungi, mineral soil, and surface litter in western North America after the Fukushima nuclear accident." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 44, no. 11 (November 2014): 1441–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2014-0105.
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We measured activity levels of radioisotopes cesium-134 (134Cs) and cesium-137 (137Cs) in wild edible fungi, mineral soil, and surface litter of the west coast of North America from southern California to northern Vancouver Island after the Fukushima nuclear accident. All activity measurements were below United States governmental limits for human health.137Cs activity increased to the north in mineral soils and fungal samples, whereas134Cs activity increased to the south in surface litter samples. Chanterelles (Cantharellus spp.) did not significantly bioconcentrate either radioisotope, but chanterelle activity levels were correlated with those of mineral soil. Activity levels demonstrated a high degree of variability, even in samples from the same site. In most cases, the level of137Cs activity was substantially higher than that of134Cs, suggesting that137Cs was present in the environment prior to the Fukushima release.
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Ramzaev, V. P., and A. N. Barkovsky. "Estimation of the air kerma rate from 137Cs and 134Cs deposited on the ground in the Sakhalin region of Russia after the Fukushima accident." Radiatsionnaya Gygiena = Radiation Hygiene 12, no. 1 (March 27, 2019): 36–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21514/1998-426x-2019-12-1-36-51.
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Previous studies conducted by the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being (Rospotrebnadzor) in Sakhalin Region, Russia in 2011–2012 have shown that soils on the southern Kuril Islands were contaminated with 137Cs and 134Cs due to the accident at the Fukushima-1 NPP. In this study, we evaluated the air kerma rate from 137Cs and 134Cs using earlier published data on the vertical distribution of Fukushima-derived radiocaesium in the soil at grasslands on the islands of Kunashir, Shikotan and Iturup. The air kerma rate due to gamma-rays from pre-Fukushima 137Cs was estimated as well. In the period from May 2011 to September 2012, the air kerma rate due to the fresh fallout of radioactive caesium varied from 0.31 to 0.84 nGy h−1. On average, the contribution of the radiation from Fukushima-derived 134Cs and 137Cs to the total air kerma rate from radioactive cesium was 35% in the fall of 2011 and 25% in the fall of 2012. The mean normalized kerma rate from Fukushima-derived 137Cs was estimated at a level of 1.63 nGy h−1 per kBq m−2 in mid-May 2011, 1.53 nGy h−1 per kBq m−2 in autumn 2011 and 1.45 nGy h−1 per kBq m−2 in autumn 2012. The mean normalized air kerma rate from pre-Fukushima 137Cs at reference undisturbed grasslands was estimated as 0.77 nGy h−1 per kBq m−2. The results of our calculations of the air kerma rate from Fukushima-derived 137Cs were in good agreement with the forecast of the 2013 UNSCEAR model, which was used to estimate the external doses of the Japanese population after the Fukushima accident. For pre-Fukushima 137Cs, the UNSCEAR model underestimated the calculated normalized air kerma rates in Sakhalin Region by approximately 40%. Our calculations showed that, overall, the aboveground biomass of herbaceous plants had practically no effect on the air kerma rate from radioactive cesium contained in the soil. The fallout of 134Cs and 137Cs after the accident at the Fukushima-1 NPP did not lead to any significant increase in the gamma dose rate in the air at grasslands on Kuril Islands. In 2019–2020, the contribution of radiocaesium to the total gamma dose rate in air will not exceed 5%.
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Black, E., and K. O. Buesseler. "Spatial variability and the fate of cesium in coastal sediments near Fukushima, Japan." Biogeosciences Discussions 11, no. 5 (May 20, 2014): 7235–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-11-7235-2014.
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Abstract. Quantifying the amount of cesium incorporated into marine sediments as a result of the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident has proven challenging due to the limited multi-core sampling from within the 30 km zone around the facility, the inherent spatial heterogeneities in ocean sediments, and the potential for inventory fluctuations due to physical, biological, and chemical processes. Using 210Pb, 234Th, 137Cs, and 134Cs profiles from 20 sediment cores, coastal sediment inventories were reevaluated. A minimum 137Cs sediment inventory of 100 ± 50 TBq was found for an area of 55 000 km2 using cores from this study and a total of 130 ± 60 TBq using an additional 181 samples. These inventories represent less than 1% of the estimated 15–30 PBq of cesium released during the FDNPP disaster and constitute ~ 90% of the total coastal inventory of 137Cs remaining in 2012. The time needed for surface sediment activities (0 to 3 cm) at the 20 locations to reduce by 50% via bioturbation was estimated to range from 0.4 to 26 years, indicating a much greater persistence of cesium in the sediments relative to coastal water activities. However, due to the observed variability in mixing rates, grain size, and inventories, additional cores are needed to further improve estimates and capture the full extent of cesium penetration into the shallow coastal sediments, which was deeper than 14 cm for all cores retrieved from water depths less than 150 m.
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MAULÉ, C. P., and M. J. DUDAS. "PRELIMINARY IDENTIFICATION OF SOIL SEPARATES ASSOCIATED WITH FALLOUT 137Cs." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 69, no. 1 (February 1, 1989): 171–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss89-016.
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A soil sample, from an accretionary environment, high in 137Cs activity, was fractionated into exchangeable cations, organic-rich material, and sand, silt, and clay separates to determine the partitioning of 137Cs activity. Most of the 137Cs activity was associated with separates containing organic matter. About 21% of the 137Cs activity consisted of exchangeable cesium while 51% of the activity was associated with organic-rich silt to sand-size separates. Results of this study have relevance to the use of this radionuclide for estimating soil erosion. Key words: Fallout cesium, soil separates, clays, organic matter, humic material
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Domingo, Thomas, Krzysztof Starosta, Aaron Chester, Jonathan Williams, Sarah J. Lehnert, Nikolaus Gantner, and Juan José Alava. "Fukushima-derived radioactivity measurements in Pacific salmon and soil samples collected in British Columbia, Canada." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 96, no. 2 (February 2018): 124–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjc-2017-0272.
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Despite the many studies that have shown minimal health risks to individuals living outside of Japan following the Fukushima Nuclear Accident, there are persisting concerns regarding the consumption of Pacific seafood that may be contaminated with radioactive species from Fukushima. To address these concerns, the activity concentrations of anthropogenic 134Cs and 137Cs, as well as naturally occurring 40K, were measured in Pacific salmon collected from Kilby Provincial Park, British Columbia (BC), in 2013 and from the Quesnel River, BC, in 2014 using low-background gamma-ray spectroscopy. In addition, soil samples and a single roof-debris sample were collected and analysed to provide a record of Fukushima-derived contamination in BC. Cesium-134 was not detected in the salmon samples. Cesium-137 was not detected in any of the sockeye or chum samples, although it was detected in all of the Chinook samples. The weighted average (±1σ) 137Cs activity concentration in the Chinook salmon collected in 2013 and 2014 was 0.23 (3) and 0.20 (3) Bq/kg fresh weight, respectively. A conservative annual dose estimate for an adult who consumes the average Canadian quantity of seafood per year, contaminated with radiocesium at the maximum concentrations measured in this campaign, was calculated to be 0.054 μSv per year. Cesium-134 was detected in all but two of the soil samples. A weak positive correlation was observed between presence of 134Cs and of 7Be suggesting that the 134Cs arrived via atmospheric deposition. Cesium-137 was present in every soil sample, although the total radiocesium activity concentrations measured were significantly less than action levels set by Health Canada.
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Honda, M. C., H. Kawakami, S. Watanabe, and T. Saino. "Fukushima-derived radiocesium in western North Pacific sediment traps." Biogeosciences Discussions 10, no. 2 (February 11, 2013): 2455–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-10-2455-2013.
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Abstract. At two stations in the western North Pacific, K2 in the subarctic gyre and S1 in the subtropical gyre, time-series sediment traps were collecting sinking particles when the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FNPP1) accident occurred on 11 March 2011. Radiocesium (134Cs and 137Cs) derived from FNPP1 accident was detected in sinking particles collected at 500 m by late March 2011 and at 4810 m by early April 2011 at both stations. The sinking velocity of 134Cs and 137Cs was estimated to be 8 to 36 m day−1 between the surface and 500 m and > 180 m day−1 between 500 m and 4810 m. 137Cs specific activity varied from 0.14 to 0.25 Bq g−1 dry weight. These values are higher than those of surface seawater, suspended particles, and zooplankton collected in April 2011. Although the radiocesium may have been adsorbed onto or incorporated into clay minerals, correlations between 134Cs and lithogenic material were not always significant; therefore, the form of the cesium associated with the sinking particles is still an open question. The total 137Cs flux by late June at K2 and by late July at S1 was 0.5 to 1.7 Bq m−2 at both depths. Compared with 137Cs input to both stations by April 2011, estimated from the surface 137Cs activity and mixed layer depth and by assuming that the observed 137Cs flux was constant throughout the year, the estimated removal rate of 137Cs from the upper layer (residence time in the upper layer) was 0.3 to 1.5% (68 to 312 yr). The estimated removal rates and residence times are comparable to previously reported values.
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Miroshnichenko, O. N., N. Yu Mirzoeva, I. G. Sidorov, and S. B. Gulin. "Cesium-137 in the salt lakes of Сrimea." Водные ресурсы 46, no. 3 (June 14, 2019): 298–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0321-0596463298-302.
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The content of the man-made radioactive nuclide 137Cs was investigated in different groups of the salt lakes of Crimea peninsula. One of the main sources of 137Cs was determined to be the North-Crimea channel, which supplied the Dnepr water to Crimea until 2014 with a high content of radioactive nuclides of Chernobyl origin. The other source of 137Cs is the Black Sea water owing to its drainage and direct connection with the coastal salt lakes of Crimea, which demonstrates a positive correlation between 137Cs concentration and water salinity.
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Honda, M. C., H. Kawakami, S. Watanabe, and T. Saino. "Concentration and vertical flux of Fukushima-derived radiocesium in sinking particles from two sites in the Northwestern Pacific Ocean." Biogeosciences 10, no. 6 (June 3, 2013): 3525–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-3525-2013.
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Abstract. At two stations in the western North Pacific, K2 in the subarctic gyre and S1 in the subtropical gyre, time-series sediment traps were collecting sinking particles when the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FNPP1) accident occurred on 11 March 2011. Radiocesium (134Cs and 137Cs) derived from the FNPP1 accident was detected in sinking particles collected at 500 m in late March 2011 and at 4810 m in early April 2011 at both stations. The sinking velocity of 134Cs and 137Cs was estimated to be 22 to 71 m day−1 between the surface and 500 m and >180 m day−1 between 500 m and 4810 m. 137Cs concentrations varied from 0.14 to 0.25 Bq g−1 dry weight. These values are higher than those of surface seawater, suspended particles, and zooplankton collected in April 2011. Although the radiocesium may have been adsorbed onto or incorporated into clay minerals, correlations between 134Cs and lithogenic material were not always significant; therefore, the form of the cesium associated with the sinking particles is still an open question. The total 137Cs inventory by late June at K2 and by late July at S1 was 0.5 to 1.7 Bq m−2 at both depths. Compared with 137Cs input from both stations by April 2011, estimated from the surface 137Cs concentration and mixed-layer depth and by assuming that the observed 137Cs flux was constant throughout the year, the estimated removal rate of 137Cs from the upper layer (residence time in the upper layer) was 0.3 to 1.5% yr−1 (68 to 312 yr). The estimated removal rates and residence times are comparable to previously reported values after the Chernobyl accident (removal rate: 0.2–1%, residence time: 130–390 yr).
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HACHINOHE, MAYUMI, KEITAROU KIMURA, YUJI KUBO, KATSUO TANJI, SHIOKA HAMAMATSU, SHOJI HAGIWARA, DAISUKE NEI, et al. "Distribution of Radioactive Cesium (134Cs Plus 137Cs) in a Contaminated Japanese Soybean Cultivar during the Preparation of Tofu, Natto, and Nimame (Boiled Soybean)." Journal of Food Protection 76, no. 6 (June 1, 2013): 1021–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-12-441.
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We investigated the fate of radioactive cesium (134Cs plus 137Cs) during the production of tofu, natto, and nimame (boiled soybean) from a contaminated Japanese soybean cultivar harvested in FY2011. Tofu, natto, and nimame were made from soybean grains containing radioactive cesium (240 to 340 Bq/kg [dry weight]), and the radioactive cesium in the processed soybean foods and in by-product fractions such as okara, broth, and waste water was measured with a germanium semiconductor detector. The processing factor is the ratio of radioactive cesium concentration of a product before and after processing. For tofu, natto, nimame, and for the by-product okara, processing factors were 0.12, 0.40, 0.20, and 0.18, respectively; this suggested that these three soybean foods and okara, used mainly as an animal feed, can be considered safe for human and animal consumption according to the standard limit for radioactive cesium of soybean grains. Furthermore, the ratio of radioactive cesium concentrations in the cotyledon, hypocotyl, and seed coat portions of the soybean grain was found to be approximately 1:1:0.4.
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Black, E. E., and K. O. Buesseler. "Spatial variability and the fate of cesium in coastal sediments near Fukushima, Japan." Biogeosciences 11, no. 18 (September 23, 2014): 5123–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-5123-2014.
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Abstract. Quantifying the amount of cesium incorporated into marine sediments as a result of the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident has proven challenging due to the limited multi-core sampling from within the 30 km zone around the facility; the inherent spatial heterogeneities in ocean sediments; and the potential for inventory fluctuations due to physical, biological, and chemical processes. Using 210Pb, 234Th, 137Cs, and 134Cs profiles from 20 sediment cores, coastal sediment inventories were reevaluated. A 137Cs sediment inventory of 100 ± 50 TBq was found for an area of 55 000 km2 using cores from this study and a total of 130 ± 60 TBq using an additional 181 samples. These inventories represent less than 1% of the estimated 15–30 PBq of cesium released during the FDNPP disaster. The time needed for surface sediment activities (0 to 3 cm) at the 20 locations to be reduced by 50% via sediment mixing was estimated to range from 0.4 to 26 yr. Due to the observed variability in mixing rates, grain size, and inventories, additional cores are needed to improve these estimates and capture the full extent of cesium penetration into the shallow coastal sediments, which was deeper than 14 cm for all cores retrieved from water depths less than 150 m.
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KACHANOSKI, R. G. "COMPARISON OF MEASURED SOIL 137-CESIUM LOSSES AND EROSION RATES." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 67, no. 1 (February 1, 1987): 199–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss87-017.
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Atmospheric deposition rates of 90Sr and analysis of soil samples from non-eroded sites indicated base levels of total soil 137Cs were approximately 2700 Bq m−2 in southern Ontario in 1985. Measured 137Cs losses (1965–1976) from long-term runoff plots were significantly correlated to measured soil losses during the same period. Monitoring temporal changes in soil 137Cs should be an accurate method of estimating soil loss in southern Ontario. Key words: Soil loss, 137Cs, Ontario, runoff plots
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STEINHAUSER, GEORG, and VERONIKA STEINHAUSER. "A Simple and Rapid Method for Reducing Radiocesium Concentrations in Wild Mushrooms (Cantharellus and Boletus) in the Course of Cooking." Journal of Food Protection 79, no. 11 (November 1, 2016): 1995–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-16-236.
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ABSTRACT Many species of mushrooms are known accumulators of radioactive cesium (137Cs and 134Cs). Even years and decades after major nuclear accidents, especially those at Chernobyl and Fukushima, mushrooms exhibit high concentrations of these radionuclides. We investigated a simple method for reducing the activity of radiocesium in wild mushrooms (chanterelles, Cantharellus cibarius; and boleti, Boletus edulis) during cooking. The juice generated while cooking mushrooms contains a relatively high fraction of the total cesium. The amount of juice can be increased by washing the mushrooms with water prior to cooking. By removing the juice, up to 29% of the radiocesium can be easily removed from chanterelles. Because boleti have a lower affinity for cesium, activity levels were lower in boleti than in chanterelles. The fraction of radiocesium in the juice was lower in boleti than in chanterelles.
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Sawajiri, Masahiko, Shoichi Miyamoto, Kohkoh Yamanouchi, Shoji Wada, Preeyaporn Srimawong, Yuji Nomura, and Takashi Uchida. "Drinking high-energy electrolytic water decreases internal radiation exposure caused by the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear power plant disaster." Nuclear Technology and Radiation Protection 31, no. 2 (2016): 173–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ntrp1602173s.
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The Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant disaster on March 11, 2011, caused radiation hazards throughout Fukushima Prefecture. Cesium was absorbed by soil and plants and transferred to livestock. Removing radioactive cesium from the bodies of farm animals and humans is essential. It has recently been reported that H2 scavenges reactive oxygen species and suppresses oxidative stress-related diseases. The hypothesis is that ?active hydrogen? (hydrogen water) scavenges active oxygen species. We hypothesized that high-energy electrolytic hydrogen water will effectively decontaminate cesium-exposed chickens. A test group of chickens drank high-energy electrolytic hydrogen water, while the control group drank regular water. Cesium contents in the test group were significantly lower than in the controlled one, possibly because more cesium excretion occurred in the test group than the control group. Lower 137Cs concentrations were found in test-group tissues than in control-group tissues, showing that high-energy electrolytic hydrogen water increased the rate of elimination of 137Cs incorporated into chicken tissue.
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Muslim, Muslim, Wahyu Retno Prihatiningsih, Adhi Prasojo, Jarot Marwoto, and Purwanto Purwanto. "Aktivitas Cesium (137Cs) Di Perairan Hutan Mangrove Karangsong, Kabupaten Indramayu." Jurnal Kelautan Tropis 22, no. 1 (April 13, 2019): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jkt.v22i1.3575.
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The mangrove forest in Karangsong-Indramayu has been selected as a central mangrove forest for western Indonesia, in addition to a marine ecotourism destination. This condition with more visitors stimulates increase in organic carbon content in this water, which has the ability to bind to polluting elements, such as heavy metals and radionuclides. The purpose of this study is to understand the factors that effect 137Cs levels activities in Karangsong waters of Indramayu. To understand which factors effect 137Cs levels, we collected water quality which has the ability to bind to polluting elements data including temperature, salinity, DO, pH, depth and current speed. The result showed that the 137Cs activities ranged 0.07-1.01 mBq/L with an average of 0.589 mBq/L. This value is higher than 137Cs activities in ITF (Indonesian Through Flow) which had value 0.274 mBq/L. The higher 137Cs activities in Karangsong waters were caused by the presence of mangrove forest that effect the high levels of organic carbon rather than water quality that show relative homogeny in all stations.Perairan pantai Karangsong, Kabupaten Indramayu telah dijadikan sebagai pusat mangrove di bagian barat Indonesia, disamping sebagai eko wisata bahari. Kondisi tersebut tentunya akan meningkatkan kandungan karbon organik di perairan tersebut yang mempunyai kemampuan kuat untuk mengikat unsur-unsur pencemar seperti logam berat dan radionuklida. Tujuan penelitian ini ingin mengetahui tingkat aktivitas 137Cs di perairan Karangsong, Indramayu. Untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi tingkat aktivitas 137Cs di perairan Karangsong, maka dianalisa beberapa parameter kualitas air seperti suhu, salinitas, DO, pH, kedalaman dan kecepatan arus. Hasil analisa menunjukkan aktivitas 137Cs adalah 0,07-1,01 mBq/L, dengan nilai rata-rata 0,589 mBq/L. Nilai tersebut lebih tinggi dari nilai 137Cs di ARLINDO (Arus Lintas Indonesia) yang nilai rata-ratanya 0,274 mBq/L. Tingginya aktivitas 137Cs tersebut lebih dipengaruhi dari adanya hutan mangrove yang menyebabkan tingginya bahan karbon organik dari pada pengaruh kualitas perairan yang relatif seragam.
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Nielsen, Peter, Bernd Dresow, and Hellmuth C. Heinrich. "In vitro Study of 137Cs Sorption by Hexacyanoferrates(II)." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 42, no. 11 (November 1, 1987): 1451–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1987-1114.
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We synthesized a varicty of colloidal and non-colloidal mixed hexacyanoferrate(II) complexes of Fe. Cu. Co. Ni. Zn. Mn and studied ihe cesium Sorption in vitro under physiological conditions (artificial gastric juice. pH 1.2 and artificial duodenal juice. pH 6.8). All of the hexaeyanoferrates under study (except cesium iron(III) hexaeyanoferrate CsFeHCF) sorb tracer amounls of 13 Cs quantitatively. Differences in the sorption capacity become obvious by offering substantial amounts of cesium. Potassium copper hexacyanoferrate(II) (KCuHCF) and potassium zinc hexa- cyanoferrate(II) (KZnHCF) are most efficient in cesium sorption at pH 1.2 and at pH 6.8. The sorption capacities of KCuHCF and KZnHCF (2.3-3.0 mmol Cs'g HCF) are twice as high as for coiloidai Prussian blue (KFeHCF; 1.0-1.3 mmol Cs/g HCF) and insoluble Prussian blue (FeHCF: 1.0-1.6 mmol Cs/g HCF). The most promising Compounds. KCuHCF and KZnHCF. should be further investigated in in vivo studies for 137 |l4cesium decorporation. Evidence indicate that the sorption mechanism for most of the Compounds under study is a cesium/potassium ion-exehange reaction. In the case of insoluble Prussian blue (FeHCF). a cesium/proton exchange was observed. ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ On laboratory scale. 137 |V4Cs-contaminated whey dry powder. produced from South German cow milk in summer 1986 was almost completely decontaminated by dialysing a whey Suspension against buffer Solution containing FeHCF. The 117 "JCs'-ions. completely bound by FeHCF. can be isolatcd from the buffer Solution by simple filtration. The buffer Solution and the FeHCF can
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France, R. L., J. Svoboda, and H. W. Taylor. "Latitudinal distribution of cesium-137 fallout in 1990 on Saxifraga oppositofolia from Ellesmere Island, Canada." Canadian Journal of Botany 71, no. 5 (May 1, 1993): 708–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b93-081.
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During the first ski traverse of Ellesmere Island in spring 1990, purple saxifrage (Saxifraga oppositifolia) was collected at 10 sites from 76 to 82°N. Measured 137Cs levels in this cushion plant displayed a progressive decrease in activity north of 78°, reflecting past global patterns of radionuclide fallout. Lower 137Cs activity at the southern end of Ellesmere Island may reflect a northward shift of the distribution maximum since a previous latitudinal survey conducted in 1979–1980. Levels of 137Cs in three species of lichens were consistently higher than those for nearby saxifrage, possibly owing to the larger exposure to fallout for much of the year and the slower rate of lichen growth. In support of previous research, no 134Cs was detected, which indicated that Chernobyl fallout had not been deposited in significant quantities at these extreme northern latitudes. Specific activities in 1990 of saxifrage samples were compared with similar samples collected during 1979–1980 to derive an effective half-life of 6.2 ± 1.0 years for northern Ellesmere Island. Key words: cesium, fallout, Ellesmere Island, saxifrage, half-life.
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Sawidis, Thomas, Georg Heinrich, and Mukesh K. Chettri. "Cesium-137 monitoring using lichens from Macedonia, northern Greece." Canadian Journal of Botany 75, no. 12 (December 1, 1997): 2216–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b97-931.
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137Cs content in lichens collected from Macedonia, Greece, was measured at regular intervals during the last decade following the Chernobyl reactor accident. An increase in 137Cs concentration was observed for about 2–3 years after the accident. Later a gradual decrease was detected which depended on the biotopes and the collected species. Higher 137Cs amounts were observed in epilithic lichens compared with epigeic or epiphytic lichens. Furthermore, such foliose or crustose lichens as Parmelia sulcata, Xanthoria parietina, Xanthoria calcicola, and Xanthoparmelia somloensis were more contaminated than filamentose lichens at the same biotope. Among filamentose or fruticose species, those with large surface area to biomass ratio (e.g., Usnea sp.) also showed greater accumulation capacity. From the studied biotopes. Mount Vermion presented the highest values and even 10 years after the Chernobyl accident could be characterized as a "hot" biotope. The high 137Cs activities found in lichens 10 years after Chernobyl suggest that these primitive plants are suitable and inexpensive biological detectors of the fallout pattern. Key words: 137Cs, lichens, radionuclides, Chernobyl.
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Bremer, E., H. H. Janzen, and E. de Jong. "SHORT COMMUNICATION: Difficulties in using 137Cs to measure erosion in stubble-mulched soil." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 75, no. 3 (August 1, 1995): 357–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss95-051.
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Soil erosion may be difficult to quantify from redistribution of 137Cs at sites where stubble-mulch techniques were adopted prior to 137Cs deposition, because appreciable 137Cs may have been transported before it was mixed into the soil Ap layer. We present evidence that this occurred in two long-term cropping experiments in southern Alberta. Key words: Cesium-137, tillage, long-term crop rotations, fallow
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Šuňovská, Anna, Miroslav Horník, Jana Marešová, Martin Pipíška, and Jozef Augustín. "137Cs Uptake and Translocation in Leafy Vegetable: a Study with Lactuca Sativa L. Grown Under Hydroponic Conditions." Nova Biotechnologica et Chimica 11, no. 2 (December 1, 2012): 153–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10296-012-0018-8.
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Abstract A hydroponic study involving lettuce plants (Lactuca sativa L.) as a leafy vegetable was conducted to evaluate the 137Cs uptake and translocation in plant tissues in dependence on the presence or absence of K+ or/and NH4+ ions in cultivation media according to Hoagland (HM) during 8 d plants growth under hydroponic conditions. Significant increase of the 137Cs+ uptake by lettuce plants and the decrease of 137Cs+ translocation efficiency from roots to leaves were observed in 50 % HM deficient in K+ and NH4+ ions. Speciation analysis using Visual MINTEQ program showed that at micromolar concentration of CsCl (5 μmol/dm3) in 50 % HM at pH 6.0 and 25 °C, cesium was occurred practically only in the free cationic Cs+ form − 98.8 %, with minor proportions of other cesium species: CsCl − 0.4 %, CsNO3 − 0.4 %, and CsSO4 - − 0.4 %. Surplus of Cl-, NO3- and SO42- ions in HM causes the increase of proportions of the cesium species CsCl, CsNO3 and CsSO4-, respectively at the expense of bioavailable Cs+ form. Radiocesium 137Cs taken up via roots was removed from lettuce leaves with high efficiency by boiling in diluted NaCl solution. At ambient temperature the extraction of 137Cs with diluted acetic acid was concentration and time dependent process, and was succeeded by leakage of tissue components absorbing at 260 nm. These findings are important for the risk assessment of radiocesium entry into the food chain via contaminated leafy vegetable.
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Prorok, V. V., O. I. Dacenko, L. A. Bulavin, S. E. Zelensky, and L. V. Poperenko. "Investigation of Mechanisms of Potassium and Cesium-137 Uptake by Plants with Optical and Gamma Spectrometries in the Field under Water-Stressed Conditions." Ukrainian Journal of Physics 63, no. 3 (April 20, 2018): 238. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ujpe63.3.238.
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Channels of the 137Cs and potassium transfer from soil to plants in the field under water-stressed conditions are investigated. Different rapidly maturing plants were grown and selected simultaneously several times during the 2012 and 2013 seasons at the same experimental sites with different soil types under natural conditions at the Chornobyl 10-km Exclusion Zone. After each selection, the contents of 137Cs and K in the plants and extracted soil solutions were measured. Potassium and cesium entered plant roots, as a rule, through transporters with low selectivity, when the concentration of dissolved potassium (CK) in soil was greater than 2 /ug/cm3. In this case, the selectivity of the plant uptake for 137Cs versus potassium r was near 1. However, when CK was between 0.5 and 2 /ug/cm3, potassium also appeared to enter plant roots through highly selective potassium transporters, while cesium entered roots only through the transporters with low selectivity. In this case, the value of r was much less than 1. When CK was less than 0.5 /ug/cm3, cesium and potassium appeared to enter roots through a complement of transporters with greater selectivity for cesium than for potassium. The value of r in this case could exceed 1.
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Takeda, Seiji, Takuma Sawaguchi, and Hideo Kimura. "Dose Estimate in Treatment and Disposal of Contaminated Materials due to the Accident at the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant." MRS Proceedings 1665 (2014): 103–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2014.634.
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ABSTRACTSome kinds of material in the environment due to the accident at the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant have been contaminated by radioactive cesium (134Cs and 137Cs), which are represented by dehydrated sludge, surface soil and disaster wastes generated by the Great East Japan Earthquake. Treatment (transportation, temporary storage and incineration) and disposal of the contaminated materials should be carried out while ensuring the safety of radiation for the workers and the public. In this study, in order to provide the technical information for making the criteria, the dose estimation for scenarios on the treatment and disposal is conducted, based on the method used for driving the clearance levels in Japan. Minimum radioactive cesium concentration in contaminated material, that is, limiting activity concentration which is practicable for ordinary treatment and/or disposal, is calculated from the dose results, corresponding to the effective dose criteria indicated by the Nuclear Safety Commission of Japan. From the calculation result, it is suggested that it is necessary to forbid reusing the disposal site as construction, resident and agriculture in which the calculated doses for the public are higher than those in the other exposure pathways. Limiting concentration of radioactive cesium (134Cs and 137Cs) is derived to be 8,900Bq/kg for the external exposure pathway in landfill work under the condition of limited reuse of the site. In the case of the concentration below 8,900Bq/kg, the calculated dose of the resident due to direct and sky-shine radiation scattered in the air and ground from the interim storage place is less than 1mSv/y, irrespective of the distance from the storage place.
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Kameník, J., H. Dulaiova, K. O. Buesseler, S. M. Pike, and K. Št'astná. "Cesium-134 and 137 activities in the central North Pacific Ocean after the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant accident." Biogeosciences 10, no. 9 (September 23, 2013): 6045–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-6045-2013.
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Abstract. Surface seawater 134Cs and 137Cs samples were collected in the central and western North Pacific Ocean during the 2 yr after the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant accident to monitor dispersion patterns of these radioisotopes towards the Hawaiian Islands. In the absence of other recent sources and due to its short half-life, only those parts of the Pacific Ocean would have detectable 134Cs values that were impacted by Fukushima releases. Between March and May 2011, 134Cs was not detected around the Hawaiian Islands and Guam. Here, most 137Cs activities (1.2–1.5 Bq m–3) were in the range of expected preexisting levels. Some samples north of the Hawaiian Islands (1.6–1.8 Bq m–3) were elevated above the 23-month baseline established in surface seawater in Hawaii indicating that those might carry atmospheric fallout. The 23-month time-series analysis of surface seawater from Hawaii did not reveal any seasonal variability or trends, with an average activity of 1.46 ± 0.06 Bq m–3 (Station Aloha, 18 values). In contrast, samples collected between Japan and Hawaii contained 134Cs activities in the range of 1–4 Bq m–3, and 137Cs levels were about 2–3 times above the preexisting activities. We found that the southern boundary of the Kuroshio and Kuroshio extension currents represented a boundary for radiation dispersion with higher activities detected within and north of the major currents. The radiation plume has not been detected over the past 2 yr at the main Hawaiian Islands due to the transport patterns across the Kuroshio and Kuroshio extension currents.
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Kameník, J., H. Dulaiova, K. O. Buesseler, S. M. Pike, and K. Št'astná. "Cesium-134 and 137 activities in the central North Pacific Ocean after the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant accident." Biogeosciences Discussions 10, no. 3 (March 14, 2013): 5223–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-10-5223-2013.
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Abstract. Surface seawater 134Cs and 137Cs samples were collected in the central and western North Pacific Ocean during the 1.5 yr after the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant accident to monitor dispersion patterns of these radioisotopes towards the Hawaiian Islands. In the absence of other recent sources and due to its short half-life only those parts of the Pacific Ocean would have detectable 134Cs that were impacted by Fukushima releases. Between March and May 2011, 134Cs was not detected around the Hawaiian Islands and Guam. Here, most 137Cs activities (1.2–1.5 Bq m−3) were in the range of expected preexisting levels. Some samples north of the Hawaiian Islands (1.6–1.8 Bq m−3) were elevated above the 18-month baseline established in surface seawater in Hawaii indicating that those might carry atmospheric fallout. The 18-month time-series analysis of surface seawater from Hawaii did not reveal any seasonal variability or trends, with an average activity of 1.46 ± 0.06 Bq m−3 (Station Aloha, 17 values). In contrast, samples collected between Japan and Hawaii contained 134Cs activities in the range of 1–4 Bq m−3 and 137Cs levels were about 2–3 times above the preexisting activities. We found that the southern boundary of the Kuroshio and Kuroshio extension currents represented a boundary for radiation dispersion with higher activities detected within and north of the major currents. The radiation plume has not been detected over the past 1.5 yr at the main Hawaiian Islands due to the transport patterns across the Kuroshio and Kuroshio extension currents.
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Ginting, Aslina Br, Amini Siti, Noviarty, Yanlinastuti, Arif Nugroho, and Boybul. "Natural zeolite as a replacement for resin in the cation exchange process of cesium on post-irradiated nuclear fuel." Nukleonika 66, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/nuka-2021-0002.
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Abstract Characterization of natural salts from Bayah, Lampung, and Tasikmalaya, Indonesia has been carried out as a substitute for synthetic resins. The characteristics include zeolite activation with NH4Cl, and heated at 200°C, the bond stability test of 137Cs-zeolite, chemical composition analysis, surface area, pore size, analysis of Cs cation exchange capacity (CEC), diffusion coefficient (Di ), activation energy (Ea ), and absorption of three zeolites. To do this, pipette 50 μl of a standard solution of 137Cs from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), put in, 2 ml of 0.1 N HCl, and then add 1 g of zeolite and stir each for 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 24 h. Based on this stirring time, the 137C isotope will exchange ions with NH4-zeolite to 137Cs-zeolite in the solid phase. The content of 137Cs in 137Cs-zeolites (solid phase) was analysed using a gamma spectrometer. The results of the chemical composition analysis showed that the character of zeolite from Lampung has a Si/Al ratio, with a CEC value of 1.448 mEq/g which is greater than Bayah and Tasikmalaya, while the Di and Ea values for the three select types were obtained almost the same. Moreover, the stability test of the Cs ion bond with zeolite showed no significant release of Cs ions from the zeolite structure. It can be concluded that the three soloists tested that the zeolite from Lampung has better characters. The results of 137Cs isotope separation in 150 μl of U3Si2/Al fuel solution post-irradiation using zeolite from Lampung and Dowex resins obtained almost the same recovery around 98–99%, so it can be concluded that zeolite from Lampung can be used as a substitute for synthetic resin in the cation exchange process for the 137Cs isotope in nuclear fuel post-irradiated.
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Baratta, Edmond J., and David G. Easterly. "Gamma-Ray Spectroscopic Determination of Iodine-131 and Cesium-137 in Foods: Two Collaborative Studies." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 72, no. 4 (July 1, 1989): 667–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/72.4.667.
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Abstract The AOAC method for iodine-131, cesium-137, and barium-140 in milk by gamma-ray spectroscopy (48.025-48.029) was extended to include other foods for the radionuclides iodine-131 and cesium-137. Two collaborative studies were performed to validate this extension. In the first study, a food sample containing 119 pCi ,3,I/kg and 53 pCi 137Cs/kg was sent to each of 45 laboratories for triplicate analyses. For 25 responses, the mean of the reported values was 123.8 pCi/kg for iodine-131, and for 27 responses, the mean was 53.4 pCi/kg for cesium-137. Repeatability (within-laboratory) standard deviations (sr) for iodine-131 and cesium-137 were 4.6 and 3.7 pCi/kg, respectively. Reproducibility (among-laboratories) standard deviations (sR) for iodine-131 and cesium-137 were 12.1 and 6.0 pCi/kg, respectively. In the second study, a food sample containing 25 pCi 13,I/kg and 27 pCi 137Cs/kg was sent to each of 54 laboratories for triplicate analyses. For 21 responses, the mean of the reported values was 25.0 pCi/kg for iodine-131, and for 19 responses, the mean was 28.9 pCi/kg for cesium-137. sr Values were 4.0 and 1.6 pCi/kg for iodine-131 and cesium-137, respectively, and SR values were 5.0 and 2.8 pCi/kg, respectively. The method extension was adopted official first action.
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Kachanoski, R. Gary. "Estimating soil loss from changes in soil cesium-137." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 73, no. 4 (November 1, 1993): 629–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss93-060.
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A simple power-function equation was developed to relate changes in soil 137Cs with time to an average annual soil-loss rate. The equation accounts for tillage dilution of the concentration of 137Cs in the surface plow layer and for enrichment in the eroding soil. The predictions from the relationship were similar to values for a more complicated model and to measured values given in previous studies. Key words: Erosion rate, prediction, cesium-137
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Venturi, S. "CORRELATION BETWEEN RADIOACTIVE CESIUM AND THE INCREASE OF PANCREATIC CANCER: A HYPOTHESIS." Biosfera 12, no. 4 (November 13, 2020): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.24855/biosfera.v12i4.556.
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Worldwide, both the incidence and death rates of pancreatic cancer (PC) are increasing. While the exact cause of PC is not known, certain risk factors are associated with the disease, including tobacco smoking, obesity and diabetes. The present author studied associations between radioactive cesium (137Cs) and increases in PC. There is a correlation between the geographical map of the incidence of and mortality from PC and the map of nuclear plants, related nuclear accidents and nuclear tests with consequent radioactive fallout, of which 137Cs, with its half-life of about 30 years, is one of the most relevant components. Published data in medical literature at World, European and Italian levels are reviewed and compared. In human and animal bodies, cesium ions behave like potassium ion (K+). Cs+ is absorbed from plants and fruit competitively with K+ and is localized mainly inside cells. 137Cs is present in the environment for at least 10-20 times its half-life, i.e. about 300-600 years. Autoradiographic studies in mice have shown that 137Cs is concentrated in significant quantities in the pancreas, in particular in exocrine cells, where most PCs featuring high malignancy originate. The pancreas and the salivary glands secrete cesium into the intestine thus eliminating about 14% of absorbed Cs with the feces, whereas the remaining 86% is eliminated by kidney with the urine. Some previous studies between radioactive Cs and tumors in general have been also reported.
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KIMURA, KEITAROU, HIROMI KAMEYA, DAISUKE NEI, YOSHITERU KAKIHARA, SHOJI HAGIWARA, HIROSHI OKADOME, KATSUO TANJI, SETSUKO TODORIKI, USHIO MATSUKURA, and SHINICHI KAWAMOTO. "Dynamics of Radioactive Cesium (134Cs and 137Cs) during the Milling of Contaminated Japanese Wheat Cultivars and during the Cooking of Udon Noodles Made from Wheat Flour." Journal of Food Protection 75, no. 10 (October 1, 2012): 1823–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-12-166.
Full textAbstract:
The fate of radioactive cesium (134Cs plus 137Cs) during the milling of contaminated Japanese wheat cultivars harvested in FY2011, and during the cooking of Japanese udon noodles made from the wheat flour, was investigated. Grain samples containing various radioactive cesium concentrations (36.6 to 772 Bq/kg [dry weight]) were milled using a laboratory-scale test mill to produce eight fractions: three break flours (1B, 2B, and 3B), three reduction flours (1M, 2M, and 3M), bran, and shorts. The concentrations of radioactive cesium were found to be highest in the bran fractions of all the samples tested, with 2.3- to 2.5-fold higher values than that of the whole grain. Shorts contained radioactive cesium levels similar to that of the whole grain. In contrast, radioactive cesium concentrations in other fractions were found to be less than half the concentration in whole grain. The average processing factor (PF) value calculated for patent flour (0.401 ± 0.048), made from the mixture of 1B, 2B, 1M, and 2M for human consumption, or for low-grade flour (0.467 ± 0.045), made from the mixture of 3B and 3M, was found to be less than 0.5; whereas the average PF value (2.07 ± 0.232) for feed bran (mixture of bran and shorts), which has been used mainly as livestock feed in Japan, was over 2.0. Boiling udon noodles (made from patent flour) resulted in a substantial reduction (>70% of initial amount) of radioactive cesium. Moreover, radioactive cesium was reduced further (<10% of the initial amount) in the subsequent rinsing process, and the PF value of boiled noodles was recorded as 0.194. These results demonstrated that patent flour containing radioactive cesium can be made safe for human consumption by adopting the standard limit for radioactive cesium in wheat grain and that radioactive cesium in udon noodles is substantially reduced by cooking.
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HACHINOHE, MAYUMI, TOMOYA OKUNISHI, SHOJI HAGIWARA, SETSUKO TODORIKI, SHINICHI KAWAMOTO, and SHIOKA HAMAMATSU. "Distribution of Radioactive Cesium (134Cs plus 137Cs) in Rice Fractions during Polishing and Cooking." Journal of Food Protection 78, no. 3 (March 1, 2015): 561–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-14-275.
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We investigated the distribution of cesium-134 (134Cs) and cesium-137 (137Cs) during polishing and cooking of rice to obtain their processing factors (Pf) and food processing retention factors (Fr) to make the information available for an adequate understanding of radioactive Cs dynamics. Polishing brown rice resulted in a decreased radioactive Cs concentration of the polished rice, but the bran and germ (outer layers) exhibited higher concentrations than brown rice. The Pf values for 100% polished rice and outer layers ranged from 0.47 to 0.48 and 6.5 to 7.8, respectively. The Fr values for 100% polished rice and outer layers were 0.43 and 0.58 to 0.60, respectively. The distribution of radioactive Cs in polished rice and outer layers was estimated at approximately 40 and 60%, respectively. On the other hand, cooked rice showed significantly lower levels of radioactive Cs than polished rice, and transfer of radioactive Cs into wash water was observed. The Pf and Fr values for cooked rice were 0.28 and 0.65 to 0.66, respectively. From these results, we can calculate that if the radioactive Cs concentration in brown rice is 100 Bq/kg, the concentrations of Cs in polished rice and cooked rice will be 47 to 48 Bq/kg and 13 Bq/kg, respectively.
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Zalewska, Tamara, and Michał Saniewski. "Bioaccumulation of 137Cs by benthic plants and macroinvertebrates." Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies 40, no. 3 (January 1, 2011): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s13545-011-0023-6.
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Abstract137Cs activity concentrations were determined in macrophytes and macrozoobenthic organisms from the southern Baltic Sea. Cesium isotope content was analysed in macroalgae species (green, red and brown algae representatives) and in some species of vascular plants. The analyzed macroinvertebrate organisms included bivalves and a crustacean.Concentration factors (CF) were calculated using the determined 137Cs concentration in the flora and fauna organisms against that in seawater, and the bioaccumulative properties were compared. The study pointed out that the most important factors in the cesium bioaccumulation process occurring in plants are related to morphology. The highest CF values were obtained in algae Polysiphonia fucoides, Ectocarpus siliculosus and Cladophora glomerata. Decidedly lower CF values were observed in the vascular plants and macrozoobenthos representatives.
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Gordienko, P. S., S. B. Yarusova, I. A. Shabalin, and V. A. Dostovalov. "Sorption Properties of Nanostructured Calcium Aluminosilicate with Respect to Cesium Ions." Solid State Phenomena 265 (September 2017): 518–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.265.518.
Full textAbstract:
Long–lived 134Cs and 137Cs isotopes with half-cycle of 2.06 and 30 years respectively refer to the most dangerous and wide-spread radionuclides in ecological facilities. The efficient way of removing cesium radioisotopes from the living environment is to bind them into the compounds insoluble in water. This paper presents the findings on the sorption properties of synthetic nanostructured calcium aluminosilicates (CAS) with AI:Si correlation equal to 2:2, 2:6, 2:10 and obtained in CaCI2—AICI3—КОН--SiO2—H2O multiple-component system. An isotherm investigation of cesium ion sorption produced from aqueous solution with Cs+1 from 0.2 till 6.0 mmol/L-1 concentration was carried out. Maximum sorption capacity of calcium aluminosilicates (CAS) as well as Langmuir constant was defined. The kinetics data was received and the activation energy of cation exchange in the process of sorption was estimated. The impact of 1% КCI + 6% NaCI saline background on the values of interfacial distribution coefficient (Kd) and recovery rate of cesium ions were determined.
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Pennock, D. J., D. W. Anderson, and E. de Jong. "SHORT COMMUNICATION: Distribution of cesium-137 in uncultivated Black Chernozemic landscapes." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 74, no. 1 (February 1, 1994): 115–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss94-016.
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The spatial distribution of cesium-137 was examined at two uncultivated sites in the Black soil zone of Saskatchewan. Although considerable variability occurred at both sites, the variability was not systematically related to landscape position. Between 9 and 16 samples need to be taken from uncultivated grassland sites to reliably estimate the mean 137Cs concentration at such sites. Key words: Cesium, soil redistribution, landscape
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Mcfarlane, DJ, RJ Loughran, and BL Campbell. "Soil erosion of agricultural land in Western Australia estimated by cesium-137." Soil Research 30, no. 4 (1992): 533. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9920533.
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The caesium-137 technique was used to estimate net soil loss from 10 hillslopes in the agricultural area of Western Australia. The gravel fraction of the soil was found to have approximately 56% of the total 137Cs activity found on the <2 mm fraction of the soil on three slopes where it was measured. In the lower rainfall zones, 137Cs appeared not to have uniformly labelled the soils in uncleared areas, possibly due to the redistribution of rainfall in the canopy and above the soil surface, and the water repellence of some soils. A previously established calibration curve was used to calculate net soil losses from the 10 hillslopes. Potato-growing land and slopes below rock outcrops in the Wheatbelt appear to have experienced the most severe erosion since the soils were first labelled with 137Cs in the mid 1950s (19-27 t ha-1 yr-1). Hillslopes below rock outcrops had appreciably less 137Cs than those below lateritic breakaways, indicating the presence of sheet erosion.
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Poręba, Grzegorz, and Andrzej Bluszcz. "Determination of the Initial 137Cs Fallout on the Areas Contaminated by Chernobyl Fallout." Geochronometria 26, no. -1 (January 1, 2007): 35–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10003-007-0009-y.
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Determination of the Initial137Cs Fallout on the Areas Contaminated by Chernobyl FalloutThe fallout radioisotope137Cs is widely used to study rates and patterns of soil redistribution. This method requires the knowledge about the initial fallout of cesium in the study area. This paper describes the method of establishing the initial fallout of cesium for a study area which is contaminated by Chernobyl fallout. The study was carried out on the loess area near the Ujazd village (South-West Poland). The137Cs activities for reference soil cores varied from 4.41(24) kBq/m2to 5.97(26) kBq/m2. The average value of the reference inventory of137Cs for the study area is 5.23(15) kBq/m2. The calculated contribution of the Chernobyl137Cs fallout in the total cesium is equal 69%. Moreover the annual values of the137Cs fallout based on the precipitation data were calculated and presented. This study provides the method of calculating the137Cs fallout connected with the nuclear weapon testing based on the precipitation data. Moreover, this study also indicated that the spatial variability on the highly contaminated by Chernobyl cesium study area is small (RSD about 10%) and thus it is possible to use the cesium method to study soil redistribution.
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Povinec, P. P., M. Aoyama, D. Biddulph, R. Breier, K. Buesseler, C. C. Chang, R. Golser, et al. "Cesium, iodine and tritium in NW Pacific waters – a comparison of the Fukushima impact with global fallout." Biogeosciences Discussions 10, no. 4 (April 3, 2013): 6377–416. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-10-6377-2013.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Radionuclide impact of the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant accident on the distribution of radionuclides in seawater of the NW Pacific Ocean is compared with global fallout from atmospheric tests of nuclear weapons. Surface and water column seawater samples collected during the international expedition in June 2011 were analyzed for 134Cs, 137Cs, 129I and 3H. The 137Cs, 129I and 3H levels in surface seawater offshore Fukushima varied between 0.002–3.5 Bq L−1, 0.01–0.8 μ Bq L−1, and 0.05–0.15 Bq L−1, respectively. At the sampling site about 40 km from the coast, where all three radionuclides were analyzed, the Fukushima impact on the levels of these three radionuclides represent an increase above the global fallout background by factors of about 1000, 30 and 3, respectively. The water column data indicate that the transport of Fukushima-derived radionuclides downward to the depth of 300 m has already occurred. The observed 137Cs levels in surface waters and in the water column are in reasonable agreement with predictions obtained from the Ocean General Circulation Model, which indicates that the radionuclides have been transported from the Fukushima coast eastward. The 137Cs inventory in the water column (the area from 34 to 37° N, and from 142 to 147° E) due to the Fukushima accident is estimated to be about 2.2 PBq. The amount of 129I and 3H released and deposited on the NW Pacific Ocean after the Fukushima accident was estimated to be about 7 GBq and 0.1 PBq, respectively. Due to a suitable residence time in the ocean, Fukushima-derived radionuclides will provide useful tracers for isotope oceanography studies on the transport of water masses in the NW Pacific Ocean.
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Kaeriyama, H., D. Ambe, Y. Shimizu, K. Fujimoto, T. Ono, S. Yonezaki, Y. Kato, et al. "Direct observation of <sup>134</sup>Cs and <sup>137</sup>Cs in surface seawater in the western and central North Pacific after the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant accident." Biogeosciences Discussions 10, no. 2 (February 5, 2013): 1993–2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-10-1993-2013.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. The horizontal distribution of radioactive cesium (Cs) derived from the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant (FNPP) in the North Pacific is still unclear due to the limitation of direct measurement of the seawater in the open ocean. We present the result of direct observation of radioactive Cs in surface seawater collected from broad area in the western and central North Pacific in July, October 2011 and July 2012. We also conducted a simple particle tracking experiment to estimate the qualitative spatial distribution of radioactive Cs in the North Pacific. 134Cs were detected at 94 stations out of 123 stations and 137Cs was detected at all stations. The high 134Cs and 137Cs concentrations more than 10 mBq kg−1 were observed in the area where the northern part of Kuroshio extension at 144° E and 155° E in July 2011, in the area 147° E–175° E around 40° N in October 2011, and the northern part of Kuroshio extension at 155° E and 175° 30´ E in July 2012. Combining the result of direct observations and particle tracking experiment, the radioactive Cs derived from FNPP had been dispersed eastward to the central North Pacific during 2011. It was considered from the horizontal distribution that radioactive Cs was dispersed not only eastward but also north- and southward in the central North Pacific. Pronounced dilution process of radioactive Cs from FNPP during study period is suggested from temporal change in the activity ratio of 134Cs/137Cs which was decay corrected at 6 April 2011, and relationships between radioactive Cs and temperature.
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Povinec, P. P., M. Aoyama, D. Biddulph, R. Breier, K. Buesseler, C. C. Chang, R. Golser, et al. "Cesium, iodine and tritium in NW Pacific waters – a comparison of the Fukushima impact with global fallout." Biogeosciences 10, no. 8 (August 15, 2013): 5481–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-5481-2013.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Radionuclide impact of the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant accident on the distribution of radionuclides in seawater of the NW Pacific Ocean is compared with global fallout from atmospheric tests of nuclear weapons. Surface and water column samples collected during the Ka'imikai-o-Kanaloa (KOK) international expedition carried out in June 2011 were analyzed for 134Cs, 137Cs, 129I and 3H. The 137Cs, 129I and 3H levels in surface seawater offshore Fukushima varied between 0.002–3.5 Bq L−1, 0.01–0.8 μBq L−1, and 0.05–0.15 Bq L−1, respectively. At the sampling site about 40 km from the coast, where all three radionuclides were analyzed, the Fukushima impact on the levels of these three radionuclides represents an increase above the global fallout background by factors of about 1000, 50 and 3, respectively. The water column data indicate that the transport of Fukushima-derived radionuclides downward to the depth of 300 m has already occurred. The observed 137Cs levels in surface waters and in the water column are compared with predictions obtained from the ocean general circulation model, which indicates that the Kuroshio Current acts as a southern boundary for the transport of the radionuclides, which have been transported from the Fukushima coast eastward in the NW Pacific Ocean. The 137Cs inventory in the water column is estimated to be about 2.2 PBq, what can be regarded as a lower limit of the direct liquid discharges into the sea as the seawater sampling was carried out only in the area from 34 to 37° N, and from 142 to 147° E. About 4.6 GBq of 129I was deposited in the NW Pacific Ocean, and 2.4–7 GBq of 129I was directly discharged as liquid wastes into the sea offshore Fukushima. The total amount of 3H released and deposited over the NW Pacific Ocean was estimated to be 0.1–0.5 PBq. These estimations depend, however, on the evaluation of the total 137Cs activities released as liquid wastes directly into the sea, which should improve when more data are available. Due to a suitable residence time in the ocean, Fukushima-derived radionuclides will provide useful tracers for isotope oceanography studies on the transport of water masses during the next decades in the NW Pacific Ocean.
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Hamed, Mostafa M., Mahmoud M. S. Ali, and Aly A. Helal. "Influence of sorption parameters on cesium-137 removal using modified activated carbon obtained from corchorus olitorius stalks." Radiochimica Acta 108, no. 10 (October 25, 2020): 799–808. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ract-2020-0012.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractRemoval of 137Cs radionuclides from the environment has engrossed the concern of researchers after Fukushima accident. The leakage of radioactive cesium ions can lead up to surface and groundwater contamination, and this leads to pollution of drinking water sources. In this work, corchorus olitorius stalks has been used as a novel precursor for production of low-cost mesoporous activated carbon (Meso-AC) and HNO3/H2O2-modified Meso-AC (m-Meso-AC). The physicochemical properties of all adsorbents were evaluated. The influences of sorption parameters and presence of some ligands (humic acid, fulvic acid, and EDTA) on the sorption of 137Cs were studied. The maximum 137Cs capacity of m-Meso-AC was found to be 58.74 mg/g. Efficiency of the new adsorbent to remove 137Cs radionuclides from natural waters (tap, river, and groundwater) was investigated. The studies showed that new adsorbent could be used as promising material for the retention of 137Cs from real radioactive waste and natural water samples.
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Bokaturo, Nikolay N., Aleksandr A. Spravtsev, Alina A. Astashina, Svetlana N. Potsepai, and Viktor F. Shapovalov. "Efficiency of complex protective measures in cultivating perennial grasses in radioactively contaminated floodplain meadows." RUDN Journal of Agronomy and Animal Industries 15, no. 2 (December 15, 2020): 159–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-797x-2020-15-2-159-172.
Full textAbstract:
In a stationary, factorial experiment established in 1994 on radioactively contaminated natural floodplain fodder lands, the effect of cultural practices in combination with agrochemical measures was studied in order to produce organic feed (hay) which complies with the applicable standards of VP 13.5.13/06-01 in terms of specific activity of cesium in them - 137. The translocation sizes of 137Сs in the soil-plant system were determined by a complex of agrotechnical and agrochemical measures. The highest effectiveness of protective counter-measures in the framework of the research was obtained with amelioration of the flood meadow. Transition of cesium-137 from the soil into the feed, and from the feed into the livestock products (milk, meat) was calculated. Application of full mineral fertilizer with a N:K ratio of 1:1.5 both against surface and root treatment reduces the 137Cs transition into livestock production, that accordingly reduces the risk of a high internal irradiation dose to people consuming these products to the levels conforming radiation safety standards.
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Łukaszek-Chmielewska, Aneta, Olga Stawarz, Krzysztof Isajenko, Barbara Piotrowska, and Martin Girard. "Radiological assessment of radionuclide contents in soils in Lower Silesian Voivodeship in the years 1988-2014." E3S Web of Conferences 45 (2018): 00048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184500048.
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Abstract. In 1986, the Chernobyl disaster provoked the uncontrolled release of significant amounts of radioactive substances, which caused surface contamination in Poland through radioactive isotopes. The most affected areas are Opole Voivodeship and part of Lower Silesian Voivoideship. Unfavorable meteorological conditions consisting of strong winds blowing from Chernobyl and local heavy rains favored the spread of a radioactive cloud, its shifting towards Poland and the accumulation of artificial isotopes in the soils of those regions [1]. Samples of the soils surface layers (0 - 10 cm) collected in different regions of Lower Silesian Voivodeship during the period 1988 - 2014 were studied. Changes in concentrations over time were analyzed for the following natural and artificial radionuclides: cesium (137Cs and 134Cs), potassium (40K), radium (226Ra) and actinium (228Ac). Since the disaster, the concentration of 137Cs in the surface layer decreased continuously over time. The mean concentration of 137Cs in the surface layer in Lower Silesian Voivodeship in 2014 was 1.46 kBq/m2, higher than the mean concentration for the whole Poland at 1.33 kBq/m2 [2]. Mean concentrations of other natural radionuclide such as 226Ra, 228Ac and 40K in the soils of Lower Silesian Voivodeship were also found to be higher than for the whole Poland [2].
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Oikawa, S., H. Takata, T. Watabe, J. Misonoo, and M. Kusakabe. "Distribution of the Fukushima-derived radionuclides in seawater in the Pacific off the coast of Miyagi, Fukushima, and Ibaraki Prefectures, Japan." Biogeosciences Discussions 10, no. 3 (March 11, 2013): 4851–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-10-4851-2013.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. The activities of artificial radionuclides in seawater samples collected off the coast of Miyagi, Fukushima, and Ibaraki Prefectures were measured as part of a monitoring program initiated by the Japanese government Ministry of Education, Sports, Science and Technology immediately after the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant accident. The spatial and temporal distributions of those activities are summarized herein. The activities of strontium-90, iodine-131, cesium-134 and -137 (i.e. 90Sr, 131I, 134Cs, and 137Cs) derived from the accident were detected in seawater samples taken from areas of the coastal ocean adjacent to the power plant. No 131I was detected in surface waters (≤ 5 m depth) or in intermediate and bottom waters after 30 April 2011. Strontium-90 was found in surface waters collected from a few sampling stations in mid-August 2011 to mid-December 2011. Temporal changes of 90Sr activity in surface waters were evident, although the 90Sr activity at a given time varied widely between sampling stations. The activity of 90Sr in surface waters decreased slowly over time, and by the end of December 2011 had reached background levels recorded before the accident. Radiocesium, 134Cs and 137Cs, was found in seawater samples immediately after the accident. There was a remarkable change in 137Cs activities in surface waters during the first 7 months (March through September 2011) after the accident; the activity reached a maximum in the middle of April and thereafter decreased exponentially with time. Qualitatively, the distribution patterns in surface waters suggested that in early May 137Cs-polluted water was advected northward; some of the water then detached and was transported to the south. Two cores of the water with high 137Cs activity persisted at least until July 2011. In subsurface waters 137Cs activity was first detected in the beginning of April 2011, and the water masses were characterized by σt (an indicator of density) values of 25.5–26.5. From 9–14 May to 5–16 December 2011, the depths of the water masses increased with time, an indication that deepening of the isopycnals with time can be an important mechanism for the transport of 137Cs downward in coastal waters. During 4–21 February 2012, the water column became vertically homogeneous, probably because of convective mixing during the winter, the result being nearly constant values of 137Cs activity throughout the water column from the surface to the bottom (~200 m depth) at each station.
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Kaeriyama, H., D. Ambe, Y. Shimizu, K. Fujimoto, T. Ono, S. Yonezaki, Y. Kato, et al. "Direct observation of <sup>134</sup>Cs and <sup>137</sup>Cs in surface seawater in the western and central North Pacific after the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant accident." Biogeosciences 10, no. 6 (June 27, 2013): 4287–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-4287-2013.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. The horizontal distribution of radioactive cesium (Cs) derived from the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant (FNPP) in the North Pacific is still unclear due to the limitation of direct measurement of the seawater in the open ocean. We present the result of direct observation of radioactive Cs in surface seawater collected from a broad area in the western and central North Pacific in July 2011, October 2011 and July 2012. We also conducted a simple particle tracking experiment to estimate the qualitative spatial distribution of radioactive Cs in the North Pacific. 134Cs was detected at 94 stations out of 123 stations, and 137Cs was detected at all stations. High 134Cs and 137Cs concentrations more than 10 m Bq kg−1 were observed in the area of the northern part of Kuroshio Extension at 144° E and 155° E in July 2011, in the area 147–175° E around 40° N in October 2011, and the northern part of Kuroshio Extension at 155° E and 175°30´ E in July 2012. Combining the result of direct observations and particle tracking experiment, the radioactive Cs derived from the FNPP had been dispersed eastward to the central North Pacific during 2011. It was considered from the horizontal distribution that radioactive Cs was dispersed not only eastward but also north- and southward in the central North Pacific. Pronounced dilution process of radioactive Cs from the FNPP during study period is suggested from temporal change in the activity ratio of 134Cs / 137Cs, which was decay-corrected on 6 April 2011, and relationships between radioactive Cs and temperature.
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Kriauciunas, Vidas, Stanislav Iglovsky, Alexander Bazhenov, Irina Kuznetsova, Evgenya Shakhova, and Sergey Druzhinin. "134Cs, 137Cs, 40K, 232Th, 226Ra in bottom sediments of the Dvina Bay on the White Sea (the Suhoe Sea Gulf)." Arctic Environmental Research 18, no. 4 (December 14, 2018): 148–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/issn2541-8416.2018.18.4.148.
Full textAbstract:
The Suhoe Sea Gulf is a unique White Sea water body. Taking into account the risk of contamination of the White Sea with radionuclides as a result of the activities of the domestic and foreign nuclear industry and considering the plans to construct a deep-water part of the Arkhangelsk port on the Kuya River, the content and distribution patterns of natural and man-made radionuclides in the bottom sediments of the Suhoe Sea Gulf need to be studied. The specific activity of radionuclides was measured using a PROGRESS-2000 gamma spectrometer. Statistical processing of the data was performed using the STATISTICA (data analysis software system), version 10 software by StatSoft, Inc. (2011). The average specific activity of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K was 6.5 ± 1.4, 14.2 ± 4.3, 416 ± 89, accordingly. 134Cs and 137Cs were detected in 4 and 5 samples with a mean specific activity value of 3.3 ± 1.6 and 3.5 ± 1.1, respectively. The highest specific activity values of 40K are confined to the pelitic deposits. The main driving force in the processes of accumulation and redistribution of 232Th is gravitational water accumulation and mechanical transfer. The measured values of the specific activity of radionuclides do not exceed those previously determined by other authors in the bottom sediments of the White Sea. Correlation analysis showed a significant relationship between the content of 134Cs and 137Cs (0.77, p = 0.05), 232Th and 40K (0.67, p = 0.05) and 137Cs and 40K (0.84, p = 0.05). Factor analysis allowed two groups of radionuclides to be identified, their content being is determined by different processes: 134Cs, 137Cs, and 40K are jointly controlled by the most powerful factor (50%) and 232Th is affected by the weaker factor (29 %). Both factors are based on natural processes of radionuclide receipt and redistribution: the first factor reflects the ability of bottom sediments to adsorb 40K and isotopes of cesium, which are similar in chemical properties, and the second one reflects the natural process of removal by rivers of 232Th with terrigenous material.
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Fujishima, Yohei, Yasushi Kino, Takumi Ono, Valerie Swee Ting Goh, Akifumi Nakata, Kentaro Ariyoshi, Kosuke Kasai, et al. "Transition of Radioactive Cesium Deposition in Reproductive Organs of Free-Roaming Cats in Namie Town, Fukushima." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 4 (February 11, 2021): 1772. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041772.
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We investigated the internal contamination by radioactive cesium associated with the FDNPP accident, in the testes or uterus and ovaries of free-roaming cats (Felis silvestris catus), which were protected by volunteers in the Namie Town, Fukushima. A total of 253 samples (145 testes and 108 uterus and ovaries) obtained from adult cats and 15 fetuses from 3 pregnant female cats were measured. Free-roaming cats in Namie Town had a higher level of radioactive contamination in comparison to the control group in Tokyo, as the 134Cs + 137Cs activity concentration ranged from not detectable to 37,882 Bq kg−1 in adult cats. Furthermore, the radioactivity in the fetuses was almost comparable to those in their mother’s uterus and ovaries. The radioactivity was also different between several cats protected in the same location, and there was no significant correlation with ambient dose-rates and activity concentrations in soil. Moreover, radioactive cesium levels in cats decreased with each year. Therefore, it is likely that decontamination work in Namie Town and its surroundings could affect radioactive cesium accumulation, and thus possibly reduce the internal radiation exposure of wildlife living in contaminated areas. It is hence necessary to continue radioactivity monitoring efforts for the residents living in Namie Town.
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McFarlane, Donald A., and Joyce Lundberg. "Geochronological implications of 210Pb and 137Cs mobility in cave guano deposits." International Journal of Speleology 50, no. 3 (August 2021): 239–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5038/1827-806x.50.3.2391.
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Some recent publications on the paleo- and historical environmental interpretation of bat guano sequences have relied on 210Pb and 137Cs distribution to establish age-depth models, even when these are at odds with radiocarbon models in the lower parts of the sequence. Here, we present both field and laboratory evidence for the unpredictable mobility of lead and cesium in decomposing bat guano deposits. We suggest that 210Pb- and 137Cs-based chronologies of bat guano deposits should only be used when independently supported, for example, by a robust radiocarbon age-depth model.