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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Cervix uteri'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 31 July 2024

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1

Guerrero, Cynthia. "Cervical cancer risk behaviors in women attending a dysplasia clinic in Chihuahua City." To access this resource online via ProQuest Dissertations and Theses @ UTEP, 2008. http://0-proquest.umi.com.lib.utep.edu/login?COPT=REJTPTU0YmImSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=2515.

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2

Galbraith, Kevin. "Cervical cancer screening in Hong Kong : addressing inequity /." Thesis, Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/b39724104.

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3

Jennings, O. G. N. "Invasive carcinoma of the cervix in young women : a controlled study (1974-1983) including re-examination of the histology and cytology for evidence of human papillomavirus infection." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/25630.

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Invasive carcinoma of the cervix was compared in women under and over 35 years of age in a 10-year cohort study for the period 1974 - 1983. The aim was to determine if there were any significant differences in disease characteristics and survival. A non-concurrent prospective study design was employed with a follow-up period of at past 5 years. All eligible young patients (n = 82) were studied out of a total patient population of 1522 and compared with a 13% random sample (n = 82) of equally eligible older patients. There were three study losses in each group (3,7%), giving a final comparison number of 79. Patient data included disease stage, treatment type and complications, recurrence time and site and survival time. Tumour pathological characteristics were reviewed and evidence of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) was sought on histology and cytology specimens. Life table analyses were performed on the survival data and compared by the logrank test. The covariates of disease stage, treatment type and tumour type were included in the analysis of the effect of age group on survival. Multivariate analysis with a proportional hazards general linear model was performed for simultaneous control of confounding factors. Other disease characteristics were compared using the Chi-square test. The overall proportion of young women was 11,6%. (This did not change for the period 1984 1988.) Five-year survival was 57% for the young and 46% for the older group (not statistically significant: p = 0,198). There was no statistically significant difference in a number of characteristics, including tumour size, endocervical site, grade or type. There were 8 non-squamous tumours in the young {10%). Residual disease, time to recurrence, rate and site of distant metastasis, and treatment of recurrent tumour did not differ significantly; nor did rate of spread to lymph nodes, adequacy of follow-up or treatment complications. Evidence of HPV was found in 35% of evaluable histology and 21% of malignant cytology. There was no significant excess of HPV in the young group. The same applied to the length of the preinvasive phase and the false negative cytology rate - no significant differences were found. There were significantly more Stage lB tumours in the young group (p = 0,01), surgery was used more often for treatment in young patients (p = 0,027) and the difference in survival between the disease stages was highly significant (p 0,0001). Multivariate analysis showed that the effect of age on survival was non-significant (p = 0,850). The conclusion of the study is that cervical carcinoma in young women is not a different disease with a worse prognosis than in older women. Furthermore, it is not becoming more common in the young locally. Young women tend more often to have early stage disease.

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4

Tse, Chi-ying, and 謝志英. "Quantitative analysis of oncostatin M receptor (OSMR) status in normalcervix and different stages of cervical carcinogenesis." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B44658862.

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5

Sanford, Tiffany Casandra. "Psychosocial factors associated with cervical dysplasia /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3099630.

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6

Tsun, Ka-lai Obe. "Cervical cytology screening in pregnant women /." View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36586547.

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7

Cheung, Yu-ping. "Overview of cost-effectiveness of cervical cancer screening a systematic review /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B4170969X.

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8

Lau, Sze-sze Cecilia. "Factors predicting spontaneous formation of implementation plans in cervical cancer screening." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B41715019.

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9

Hallinan, Jennifer Susan. "Detection of malignancy associated changes in cervical cells using statistical and evolutionary computation techniques /." St. Lucia, Qld, 1999. http://adt.library.uq.edu.au/public/adt-QU2000.0037/index.html.

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10

Jones, Damian Grant. "Granolds : a novel method for image texture analysis : with application to the detection of malignancy associated changes in pap smears /." St. Lucia, Qld, 2001. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16326.pdf.

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11

Mai, Hoang Tran. "Associated risk factors in developing cervical cancer among Vietnamese women /." St. Lucia, Qld, 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17858.pdf.

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12

Pakula, Barbara (Basia) Joanna. "Access to cervical cancer screening among First Nations women and other vulnerable populations in Vancouver's Downtown Eastside /." Burnaby B.C. : Simon Fraser University, 2006. http://ir.lib.sfu.ca/handle/1892/2717.

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13

Fan, Man-chuen. "A study on natural killer cell cytotoxicity and lymphocyte subsets of patients with carcinoma of uterine cervix in Hong Kong /." [Hong Kong] : University of Hong Kong, 1990. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13115571.

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14

Wolfe, Steven Scott. "Uterine uptake of diazepam and quantification by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2003. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=2957.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2003.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 70 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 69-70).

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15

Tsang, Chi-kit Percy. "HPV genotyping and integration in cervical cancer and precursor lesions /." View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B3149416X.

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16

Leung, Ivy. "Cervical screening : knowledge, perception and attendance rate in Hong Kong Chinese women /." View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36396370.

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17

Stjernholm, Ylva. "Endocrine and neuronal interactions in human cervical ripening /." Stockholm, 1998. http://diss.kib.ki.se/search/diss.se.cfm?19981009stje.

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18

Sze, S. M. Candy. "Evaluation and comparison of molecular diagnostic methods for detection of human papillomavirus (HPV) in relation to cervical neoplasia /." View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B37552752.

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19

Wang, Hailun. "Some conclusions of statistical analysis of the spectropscopic [sic] evaluation of cervical cancer." unrestricted, 2007. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-07302007-124427/.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Georgia State University, 2007.
Title from file title page. Yu-sheng Hsu, committee chair; Mark Faupel, Xu Zhang, committee members. Electronic text (93 p. : col. ill.) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed Sept. 17, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 49-51).

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20

劉司司 and Sze-sze Cecilia Lau. "Factors predicting spontaneous formation of implementation plans in cervical cancer screening." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B41715019.

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21

Zhang, Dekai. "Telomerase activation in human cervical cancer /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B20666755.

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22

Cheung, Nga-yin Annie, and 張雅賢. "Cervical cancer screening: evolution from Paptest to molecular markers." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B46540465.

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23

Lane, Vivien E. "Refiguring pap smears and the Cervical Cancer Screening Scheme : a feminocentric study of women's identification with the scheme." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2001. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/21488.

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This is a nurse-feminist work based on a re-reading of the evidence and interviews with women on their experiences of the Pap smear (PS) procedure and the cervical cancer screening scheme. It was found that women's accounts contradict the Scheme's public health doctrine. Instead of PSs being a matter of simplicity and informed choice, the procedure is complex and practised as a 'necessary' procedure. Women are uncertain about their eligibility, the purpose and preventative qualities of PSs. Published information was found to substantiate these views. A concentration of mixed messages exist particularly around attempts to deflect from the venereal aetiology of cervical cancer. Furthermore, women's PS behaviours are influenced by both the Scheme's emphasis on 'good womanhood' and individuals' sexual experiences. Women associate the Scheme with a form of medical(ised) féminisation, and engage in both PS procurement and dissent. PSs have inherent and other perils for women in association with their exposure of intimate body areas to a PS service provider. Veterans of PSs are aware of these and use papping skills to enhance their capacity to retain self-composure. Contrary to what the Scheme advertises, women require mastery of papping skills to endure a PS. Questions are raised about the failure of the Scheme to correct misleading public health information particularly in relation to the emphasis on secondary screening, whilst tolerating an absence of primary prevention strategies. It is found that the fundamental incentive underpinning the Scheme is that of in vivo oncogenic research in which women unwittingly participate and fulfil the norms prescribed by the Scheme as 'good womanhood'. A genealogy of the Scheme is outlined. It is concluded that the Scheme is underpinned with values of a past era which are incompatible with contemporary values relating to research and to women.

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24

張德凱 and Dekai Zhang. "Telomerase activation in human cervical cancer." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31238038.

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25

張雨萍 and Yu-ping Cheung. "Overview of cost-effectiveness of cervical cancer screening: a systematic review." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B4170969X.

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26

Chiu, Man-kin, and 趙文健. "Comparison of the efficacy of sample collection for cervical cytology between the application of Cervex-Brush and Clover Brush in ThinPrepliquid-based cervical cytology." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45153449.

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27

Kee, Francis, and 紀思思. "Cervical screening programme : 10 years of success or failure?" Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/206964.

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Cervical cancer is the ninth leading cause of female cancer deaths in Hong Kong. In 2011, 391 new cases of cervical cancer were diagnosed and the age-standardized incidence rate was 7.2 per 100,000 standard populations. In 2012, 133 women died from this cancer, accounting for 2.5% of female cancer deaths. The age-standardized death rate of cervical cancer was 2.1 per 100,000 standard populations. Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is an established cause of cervical cancer. HPV vaccines offer more than 70% protection for women against HPV types 16 and 18 infections and their related cervical precancerous lesions and cervical cancer. As there are usually no symptoms in high-risk HPV infection, it is often diagnosed at a late stage. Regular cervical smears can offer early detection of pathological changes and pre-cancerous stage for a timely medical treatment to prevent progression to cervical cancer. The Cervical Screening Programme (CSP) of Department of Health (DH) was launched on 8 March 2004. It is a voluntary program with the objectives to increase the population coverage of cervical screening among women and to reduce the incidence and mortality of cervical cancer in Hong Kong. Women participating in the programme are encouraged to have cervical smears in the medical centres of their own choices and to provide their cervical smear information through their health care providers to the central registry of the CSP - The Cervical Screening Information System (CSIS). As at 31 December 2013, 491,674 women have registered with CSP. When DH implemented CSP in March 2004, a report was published in the same year showing evidence that an organized screening compared with the opportunistic screening could substantially increase benefits and reduce costs. Another local study conducted early this year supported by the Health Services Research Fund also highlighted the importance and urgency in enhancing the current screening protocol. It is of public health interests to study and compare the programme outcomes with countries like Finland, Australia, UK and Japan where different policy was adopted for the prevention of cervical cancer. Information gathered from research papers on epidemiological studies has been collected and analyzed on population benefit (outcome, access, disparities), cost (cost benefit, efficiency, cost containment), equity, feasibility and constituency perspectives in formulation of the policy alternatives. In conclusion, strengthening what is already in place with better allocative efficiency could protect the female population against cervical cancer. From the education perspective, emphasis on the risk of HPV infection in the sex education curriculum would raise the awareness on the precaution of HPV infections amongst young females. Additionally, vaccination at the age of 12 can provide protection against most types of HPV. It is strongly recommended that a cervical screening and HPV co-testing strategy at a triennial interval could provide the best cost and benefit effectiveness. Together they can enhance protection coverage of women at 12 through immunization and from 25 - 64 through active population screening. The ultimate objectives to reduce incidence, mortality and increase coverage could be achieved.
published_or_final_version
Public Health
Master
Master of Public Health

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28

Hui, So-on. "An education intervention to improve cervical smear screening attendance rate among Hong Kong women." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B40720731.

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29

Liu, Moon-ping. "Study of Pap smear attendance and the abnormal rate in the past ten years." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B2510133x.

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30

Wu, Po-man, and 胡寶文. "Statistical analysis of cancer of cervix patients at Queen Mary Hospital." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1991. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31976815.

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31

Lai, Tung-on Anthony, and 黎東安. "PRKAA1 gene amplification in cervical cancer and precursors: a study in cytology samples." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45153048.

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32

Fallala, Muriel Selma. "Cervical cancer screening : safety, acceptability, and feasibility of a single-visit approach in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97187.

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Thesis (MFamMed)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to assess the safety, acceptability and feasibility of Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid and Cervicography (VIAC) followed by Cryotherapy or Loop Electrical Excision Procedure (LEEP) at a single visit for prevention of cancer of the cervix in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe. STUDY DESIGN: The study was descriptive using retrospective data extracted from electronic medical records of women attending the VIAC clinic at United Bulawayo Hospital in the period 1st February2010 to 31st December2012.Over 24 months 4641 women visited the clinic and were screened for cervical cancer using VIAC. If positive and eligible, cryotherapy or LEEP was offered immediately. Treated women were followed up at 3months and 1 year. RESULTS: The VIAC test positive rate was 10.8%.Of those eligible,17.0% received immediate cryotherapy, 44.1%received immediate LEEP, 1.9% delayed treatment and 37.0% were referred to a gynaecologist. No major complications were recorded after cryotherapy or LEEP. Among those treated99.5% expressed satisfaction with their experience. Only 3.2% of those treated at the clinic were VIAC positive one year later. The service was shown to be feasible to sustain over time with the necessary consumables. There were no service-related treatment postponements and the clinic staff and facility were able to meet the demand for the service. CONCLUSION: A single visit approach using VIAC, followed by cryotherapy or LEEP proved to be safe, acceptable and feasible in an urban African setting in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Geen opsomming beskikbaar.

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33

Drezek, Rebekah Anna. "The biophysical origins of cervical tissue fluorescence and reflectance spectra modeling, measurements, and clinical implications /." Access restricted to users with UT Austin EID Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3031044.

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34

Mucheusi, Longino Kabakiza. "Brachytherapy in cancer of the cervix : an African perspective." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1548.

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Thesis (MTech (Radiography))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2012
Introduction: Brachytherapy plays an essential role in the management of patients with cervical cancer. The high cervical cancer burden in Africa presents challenges with regard to provision and sustainability of these services. This study analysed treatment outcomes of two brachytherapy modalities, high dose rate (HDR) and low dose rate (LDR) intracavitary treatment for patients with cervical cancer, and evaluated the problems and challenges of the provision of these services within the African context. Methodology: The study was conducted using a case study approach with mixed methods at two sites in Africa, one in South Africa (Centre I) and the other in Kenya (Centre II). The study explored factors and issues affecting definitive radiotherapy of the patient with cervical cancer at the two sites with a focus on the brachytherapy treatment. The case study provided an opportunity to collect in-depth data consisting of quantitative and qualitative components that generated numeric and textual data. Treatment outcomes of one site treating with HDR and the other LDR intracavitary brachytherapy were retrospectively analysed for a maximum sample size of 193 (91%) patients in the HDR group and 49 (100%) patients in the LDR group. All patients were treated with external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) using parallel opposed beams (POP) for the patients that received LDR brachytherapy, and four field box technique or POP for those that received HDR brachytherapy. The linear quadratic formula was used to calculate the equivalent dose in 2 Gy fractions (EQD2) between the two groups.

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35

Ho, Kam-tai, and 何金娣. "To reveal the gene copy status of MUC1 in cervical neoplasia and precursor lesions by real-time PCR." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B44659799.

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36

Kwan, Tak-ching Tracy, and 關德貞. "Human papillomavirus testing in cervical cancer screening: potential harms and implications for intervention." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B4658836X.

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37

Leung, Tsin-wah, and 梁展華. "The role of human papillomavirus (HPV)-related molecular markers in cervical neoplasia, with emphasis on p-21 activated kinase type 1 (PAK 1)." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/195983.

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Since high-risk Human Papillomavirus (HPV) plays a critical role in cervical carcinogenesis, it is essential to improve our understandings on the role of HPV-related molecular markers in cervical neoplasia. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression and prognostic significance of selected HPV-related markers, including HPV16/18 E2 binding sites (E2BS) methylation, Pak 1, c-FLIP, Notch 1 and Brd4 expressions, as well as the potential functions of Pak 1 in cervical neoplasia. First, the differential expressions of these markers among clinical samples of normal cervical epithelium, low-grade and high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CINs) and cervical cancer were studied. Methylation status of E2BS 1, 2 and 4 was determined by pyrosequencing. Expressions of the target proteins were assessed by immunohistochemistry. Both HPV16/18 E2BS 1&2 and E2BS4 methylation progressively increased from normal cervix through CINs to cancer. More importantly, HPV16 E2BS1&2 (for transcriptional repression of E6/E7 oncoproteins) became more heavily methylated than E2BS4 (for transcriptional activation of E6/E7) in cervical cancer, favouring the differential binding of E2 protein to E2BS4. Pak 1, c-FLIP, Notch 1 and Brd4 were all overexpressed in cervical cancer. Their expressions increased progressively from normal cervix to low-grade +/- high-grade CINs. Pak 1 and c-FLIP expression was positively correlated with HPV18 E6 and HPV16 E7 expression respectively. Notch 1 expression was inversely correlated with HPV16 E7 and HPV18 E6 expressions. Brd4 expression was positively correlated with HPV16 E2 and inversely correlated with HPV16 E7 expressions. The prognostic significance of the molecular markers was investigated by correlation with clinical parameters. Heavier methylation at E2BS1&2 relative to E2BS4 was associated with better overall and disease-free survival in cervical cancer patients. HPV16 E2BS1&2 hypermethylation, weak cytoplasmic Brd4 expression, strong c-FLIP or Notch 1 expression were associated with higher risk of recurrent abnormal smears after treatment of CINs. The role of Pak 1 in cervical cancer was further explored by comparing its functions between cervical cancer cell lines with and without transient knock-down of Pak 1 by siRNAs. It was demonstrated that the significant functions of Pak 1 in cervical cancer were on promoting cell proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis. Transient HPV16 E6 inhibition showed no effect on total / phosphorylated Pak 1 expressions. Lastly, the function of Pak 1 on the regulation of cervical cancer cell radiosensitivity was also investigated. Pak 1 inhibition increased cell sensitivity in response to irradiation by enhancing apoptosis and inhibiting cell proliferation. Conclusively, differential methylation status at HPV16/18 E2BS, as well as Pak 1, c-FLIP, Notch 1 and Brd4 proteins contribute to cervical carcinogenesis, and are potential prognostic markers in cervical cancer and CIN patients. Pak 1 inhibitor may be a potential adjunctive agent to improve radiotherapy.
published_or_final_version
Obstetrics and Gynaecology
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy

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38

Kay, Patti Sheryl. "Typing of human papillomavirus in Western Cape women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia." Thesis, Cape Technikon, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1471.

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Thesis (MTech (Biomedical Technology))--Cape Technikon, Cape Town, 2002
Infection \\'ith specific high risk human papilloma"iruses (HPV) has been shown to play a causal role in the development of ceJVical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cenical cancer in women. The development of a prophylactic vaccine to immull.ize women against HPV infection would play a \'ita! role in protecting women against HPV infection and ultimately ceMcal cancer. Despite cancer of the cer\'ix being the second most common cancer in South African women, a literature search reveals that few studies have been performed in South Africa on the types of HPV prevalent in women with CIN or cancer ofthe ceMx. HPVs that infect the anogenital tract have also been shown to infect the oral ca\'ity. However, the HPV prevalence rates vary greatly between studies and the significance of the presence ofHPV in the oral ca\'ity is still not understood. The primary objectives of this study were to establish the HPV prevalence rate infecting women with CIN lesions using a sensitive nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and to develop a novel restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method to type the high risk mucosal HPVs detected in these women. The secondary objective of this study was to establish the prevalence rate and HPV types infecting the oral mucosa of women with CIN lesions and to compare these HPV types with those detected in the ceMx. Cemcal punch biopsies were taken from 163 women with CIN lesions and buccal cells were collected from 33 of these participants. DNAwas extracted from the biopsies and buccal samples and PCR using CCRS primers performed to ensure sample adequacy. Nested PCR usmg consensus degenerate primers for HPV was performed on all samples sho\\'wg sufficient amplifiable DNA A novel restriction fragment length pol)morphism (RFLP) method was developed to identify the 10 high risk mucosal HPVs considered human carcinogens of group 1 by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (lARC) as well as HPV 11 which is commonly found in the oral cavity.

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39

Huang, Tiangui. "A study of adenovirus mediated transfer of p53 and Rb in cervical cancer cell lines." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42575114.

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40

Watts, Kylie Jane. "Investigations of sequence variation in human papillomavirus type 16 cervical cancer isolates." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2000. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/27752.

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Human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV 16) is the major causative agent of cervical cancer worldwide, but the clinical aggression displayed by individual HPV 16 positive cancers is highly variable. This might reflect altered expression of the viral oncogenes resulting fiom sequence variations in the important regulatory region of the viral genome, the upstream regulatory region (URR). Initially, this was assessed by amplifying by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing the entire URR of 34 cervical cancer isolates from Australia and New Caledonia. Only one isolate was identical to the HPV 16 prototype; one large—scale change (an 81bp duplication), 44 variant nucleotides, and one single base insertion were identified. Most of the variants were of European lineage (82%), whilst smaller proportions of Asian and Asian American lineage isolates were also identified (12% and 6% respectively). The level of expression of the viral oncogenes, E6 and E7 is controlled by cellular transcription factors (TFs) binding to their response sites in the URR. A major objective of this study was to analyse the effects of URR sequence changes on oncogene promoter activity. Six of the variant URRs, selected mainly on the basis of potentially important sequence changes, were cloned into a luciferase vector. The constructs were transiently transfected into HeLa and HT3 cells and luciferase activities of variants, a surrogate for E6 and E7 expression, were compared with that of the prototype. Promoter activities controlled by three of the five URRs that contained only minor sequence variations were upregulated between three- and eleven-fold, while that mediated by the URR with the large-scale duplication was comparable to the prototype. Attempts were then made to identify specific sequence changes responsible for upregulated promoter activity by PCR—based site-directed mutagenesis. Changes in a yin and yang 1 (YYl) binding site and an overlapping octamer binding factor—1 (Oct-1)/papilloma enhancer binding factor-1 (PEP-1) site both mediated upregulation of the promoter in the isolate with the highest luciferase activity. Neither of these changes affected the binding of their corresponding TFs in electrophoretic mobility shift assays though. A nucleotide substitution in the papillomavirus silencing motif (PSM) partly explained promoter upregulation in the isolate with the second highest luciferase activity. Further analysis revealed that sequence variation in the PSM affected the binding of CCAAT displacement protein (CDP). Sequence variation in other YYl and transcriptional enhancer factor-l (TEF- 1) binding sites did not affect promoter activity in two of the upregulated isolates. Deregulation of E6/E7 expression is central to HPV-associated malignant conversion. In many cases this is achieved by integration of viral DNA into the host genome, often disrupting the E1 and/or E2 regions. However, HPV 16-associated cancers may carry only episomal HPV. Sequence variation in the URR is believed to account for at least some instances of malignant conversion in the absence of integration. For this reason the physical state of HPV DNA in the 34 isolates was investigated by Southern hybridisation and PCR of the E2 gene. Overall, for the 25 isolates where results could be obtained, 44% were integrated into host chromosomes, 40% were episomal, and 16% contained both integrated and episomal DNA. The physical state of nine of the isolates could not be determined because of specimen inadequacy. The two isolates with the highest promoter activities and the isolate with the large—scale duplication contained only episomal HPV DNA. Twenty of 28 isolates (71%) contained the entire E2 gene. For the eight isolates lacking an entire E2 gene, deletion of the 3’ region (four isolates), the 5’ region (one isolate), the entire E2 gene (two isolates), or the presence of a discontinuous E2 gene (one isolate) was determined by PCRs spanning different lengths of the E2 region. In addition to sequence variation in the URR, it has also been suggested that some amino acid substitutions in viral coding regions, such as in E2 and E6 could have biological significance. The potential implications of amino acid changes include changes to B or T cell epitopes and alterations to protein function. The E2 gene and the overlapping E4 gene from 13 of the isolates, and the E6 gene from 27 isolates were sequenced. Twenty one from 30, five from 14, and 12 from 20 nonsynonymous amino acid substitutions were identified in the E2, E4, and E6 genes respectively. This study has provided one of the most comprehensive analyses of sequence variation within HPV 16 cancer isolates and the first HPV 16 sequence data from Australia and the South Pacific region. It has also provided evidence of new strategies by which HPV 16 may achieve malignant conversion without integration.

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顔婉嫦 and Yuen-sheung Hextan Ngan. "The clinical significance of serum squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC) in carcinoma of cervix." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1994. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31981586.

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Brestovac, Brian. "Human papillomavirus and cervical cancer in Western Australia." University of Western Australia. School of Biomedical and Chemical Sciences, 2005. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2006.0037.

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Tong, Chiu-hung, and 唐朝虹. "MiR-143 and its downstream targets: possible biomarkers for cervical cancer and precursors." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B46579436.

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Ngan, Yuen-sheung Hextan. "The clinical significance of serum squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC) in carcinoma of cervix." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1994. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B14553247.

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Yu, Yee-man. "Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in cervical cancer cell growth." View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36628530.

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廖滿萍 and Moon-ping Liu. "Study of Pap smear attendance and the abnormal rate in the past ten years." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31970709.

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許素安 and So-on Hui. "An education intervention to improve cervical smear screening attendance rate among Hong Kong women." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B40720731.

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黃天貴 and Tiangui Huang. "A study of adenovirus mediated transfer of p53 and Rb in cervical cancer cell lines." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42575114.

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Sze, S. M. Candy, and 施少妹. "Evaluation and comparison of molecular diagnostic methods for detection of human papillomavirus (HPV) in relation to cervicalneoplasia." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B4501145X.

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Choi, Ka-man, and 蔡嘉敏. "Cost-effectiveness of primary HPV testing for cervical cancer screening : a systematic review." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/193758.

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Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA test is more sensitive and can detect more high-grade cervical intraepithelial lesions than cytology test in cervical cancer screening. There are studies confirming HPV test being more effective in cervical cancer screening by detecting the persistence of HPV infection that could lead to cancer. However, the costs associated with a HPV test is higher than a cytology test. Moreover, HPV test is less specific which could subject more women to further triage tests or unnecessary invasive diagnostic procedures. Therefore healthcare costs could possibly increase if primary HPV screening is to be adopted. Study objective: The aim of the study is to systematically review the cost-effectiveness of primary HPV testing in cervical cancer screening Method: Electronic search was performed in three biomedical databases (PubMed, Medline, Cochrane Library) and one economic evaluation database to identify relevant studies. Studies were selected according to the explicit inclusion and exclusion criteria defined. Only those studies carried out in high-income countries were included so that result could be better applied to Hong Kong. Results: A total of 19 studies were included in this systematic review. Cytology-only method is generally not cost-effective. To be cost-effective, it has to be performed in a longer screening interval which would reduce not only the screening costs but also a reduction in the health outcomes. Among the different options in HPV-based primary screening, HPV testing with cytology triage is the most cost-effective strategy in many of the studies. Combined HPV/cytology co-screening could achieve the biggest health benefit but is also most costly. HPV-based screening is more cost-effective for those >30 years of age and is usually less cost-effective if applied to young women. From the result in sensitivity analysis, HPV-based screening is sensitive to an increase in the costs of the HPV test, a low HPV test sensitivity and a low screening compliance rate. Conclusion: Primary HPV screening is cost-effective and generally performs better than cytology screening. The result of this systematic review guides the future direction of developing an optimal cervical screening strategy in Hong Kong. Local context has to be considered when examining the cost-effectiveness of primary HPV testing for cervical screening. Good quality local epidemiological data on HPV infection and cervical cancer and screening would be required to aid future research on the application of HPV test for cervical cancer screening in Hong Kong.
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Public Health
Master
Master of Public Health

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