Journal articles on the topic 'Cervix uteri Cancer Victoria Diagnosis'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Cervix uteri Cancer Victoria Diagnosis.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 37 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Cervix uteri Cancer Victoria Diagnosis.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Chen, J., O. K. MacDonald, and D. K. Gaffney. "Population-based study of the incidence, mortality and prognostic factors of small cell carcinoma of the cervix: Analysis of the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database." Journal of Clinical Oncology 25, no. 18_suppl (June 20, 2007): 5546. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.5546.
Full textAbstract:
5546 Background: Small cell carcinoma (SmC) is a rare histology of the cervix uteri that is generally associated with a poor prognosis. This is a population-based study of SmC using the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER). Methods: From 1977 to 2003, 290 women with SmC of the cervix uteri were identified. In addition, 27,527 patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SC) and 5231 with adenocarcinoma (AC) of the cervix were identified for comparison. The annual incidence of each histology was determined and examined for trend. The patient and disease characteristics at diagnosis were examined for each histology, and prognostic factors were evaluated for SmC. Mortality rates of SmC and other histologies were compared via log-rank tests. Results: Mean annual incidence of SmC was 0.03 per 100,000 women compared to 3.5 and 0.62 for SC and AC. A significant change in incidence was identified for SC and AC (p<0.05), but not for SmC (p=0.595). Patients with SmC were more likely to be treated with radiotherapy and to present with more advanced stage, lymph node involvement and distant metastasis than SC and AC (p<0.05). Survival rates for SmC at 2 and 5 years were 46.8% and 35.7%, which were worse compared to SC (HR 0.45; 95% CI: 0.36–0.57) and AC (HR 0.31; 95% CI: 0.25–0.39). The difference in survival is predominantly in patients with early stage, localized disease, and those treated with surgery ( Table ). Multivariate analysis of SmC, race, FIGO stage, age and hysterectomy alone significantly impacted prognosis (p<0.05), while year of diagnosis, lymph node involvement, tumor size, marital status and other treatment modality did not. Conclusions: SmC is an uncommon histologic variant of cervix cancer associated with a worse prognosis compared to SC and AC with a predilection for metastasis at diagnosis. FIGO stage, age and race are prognostic factors for survival. [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.
2
Zhang, Fang, Min Shi, Na Zhao, Peng Guo, Jun Hou, and Yang Liu. "Whole exome sequencing facilitated diagnosis of patients with multiple mucinous neoplasms of the female genital tract." Journal of Clinical Oncology 40, no. 16_suppl (June 1, 2022): e17513-e17513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2022.40.16_suppl.e17513.
Full textAbstract:
e17513 Background: The differential diagnosis is challenging in clinical practice, especially among gastric-type AD of the cervix with ovarian metastases, multiple primary mucinous neoplasm in cervix and ovary, and synchronous mucinous metaplasia and neoplasia of the female genital tract (SMMN-FGT). Previous studies have revealed that next-generation sequencing might be a feasible tool in identifying the origin of tumor. Herein, whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed to distinguish patients with metastatic disease. Methods: WES analysis was performed on 28 tumors and 7 normal tissues derived from 8 patients. Each patient had one lesion of the cervix uteri. Most of them had lesions at other anatomical sites, including corpus uteri, ovary, oviduct, vermiform appendix and omentum. Mutations signatures and clonal evaluation inferred from single-nucleotide/copy number variants were explored. Results: Previous studies of multiple types of cancer have identified more than 40 single-base substitution (SBS) signatures. SBS3/6 referring to defective DNA mismatch repair and SBS10 reported in both uterus and colorectal AD were significantly enriched in this study. Next, we found no significant distribution of SBS3/6/10 among tumors at different anatomical sites. These findings indicate that primary cervical/ovarian AD with metastases other than multiple primary cancers was the predominant histology in 8 patients. The association of genomic alterations in POLE/ POLD1/HRR pathway with the distribution of SBS signatures was explored. SBS3 had a trend of significant distribution (p = 0.01) in four patients who had germline alterations in HRR pathway. Furthermore, SBS10 was significantly enriched (p = 0.009) in 2 patients with germline POLE/POLD1 alterations. Clonal evolution analyses revealed that 2 patients were identified as having SMMN-FGT, and other 6 patients had dominant clones in different tumors, which suggested a . Notably, besides the dominant clones and subclones, some tumors also exhibited extra independent clones, which might be the mixed histology of primary and metastatic tumor. In addition, we found the difference of overall survival in patients having gastric-type AD of the cervix with ovarian metastases and cervical AD patients with different FIGO stage disease based on SEER database data. Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that WES might be a feasible tool to distinguish patients having primary cervical AD with multiple metastases from those with multiple primary cancers of the female genital tract, which suggests that WES proved valuable in facilitating the diagnostic workup. A prospective, multi-center, large cohort study is needed to investigate the performance of WES in identifying the origin of tumors in patients with multiple tumors of the FGT.
3
Muhammad Aminu, Baffah, Lamaran Makama Dattijo, Kabir Abdullahi, and Calvin Chama. "Polypectomy as a Complete Therapy for Leiomyosarcoma of the Cervix Uteri: An Unusual Treatment." International Journal of Women's Health and Reproduction Sciences 7, no. 3 (November 10, 2017): 412–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.15296/ijwhr.2019.68.
Full textAbstract:
Objectives: Leiomyosarcoma (LMS), which arises from the uterine cervix, is an extremely rare neoplasm and is presented with vaginal bleeding and discharge. In our case report, we intended to highlight the role of polypectomy as a practical option for routine hysterectomy and the surgical cure of cervical LMS. Case Report: A 50-year-old woman (Para 8+0, 6A) presented to the Gynecological Clinic of ATB University Teaching Hospital with vaginal discharge and fleshy mass protruding from the vulva. Examination revealed a cervical polyp on the anterior lip of the cervix. Polypectomy was performed subsequently, and histologic examination including immunohistochemical staining confirmed LMS of the uterine cervix. The patient underwent hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy with the histological confirmation of a complete excision. Conclusions: Generally, no specific management option is taken for this tumor due to its rare occurrence. However, polypectomy with a wide excision of tumor margin could result in a complete cure, and prolonged survival as in the case presented. Accordingly, histological studies including special stainings may play a vital role in cancer diagnosis.
4
Singh, Abha, Avinashi Kujur, Renuka Gahine, and Rashmi Tiwari. "Prevalence of occult gynecological cancer in women undergoing surgeries for benign indications in a tertiary healthcare center of Chhattisgarh." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 10, no. 3 (February 24, 2021): 1120. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20210745.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Hysterectomy, the surgical removal of uterus, is 2nd most frequently performed major surgical procedures on women,with90% of hysterectomies are performed for benign indications. However, there may be cases in which malignancy or premalignant lesions which are only confirmed on histopathology are defined as occult malignancy.Methods: We conducted a prospective observational study on a cohort of women undergoing various gynaecological surgeries for benign indications in a time period of January 2019 to January 2020 in the Department of obstetrics and gynaecology, Dr. BRAM hospital and Pt. J. N. M. medical college, Raipur (C.G) to find out the prevalence of occult pre malignant and malignant lesions.Results: Of 132 women who underwent surgeries for benign gynecological indications, based on final histopathological report, prevalence of occult premalignant lesion was 11.36% (95% CI 5.7-16.3%) and prevalence of occult malignancy was 2.27% (95% CI 0.2 -4.8%). Prevalence of occult premalignant lesion of corpus uteri and cervix uteri was 2.3 and 9.1% respectively. No occult premalignant lesion of ovary was found. Prevalence of occult malignant lesion of corpus uteri and ovary was 1.5 and 0.75% respectively.Conclusions: We observed that even after complete preoperative workup only 72.7% of the preoperative clinical diagnoses were correlated with their histopathological diagnosis. Thus, while making the diagnosis, risk factors along with standard preoperative approach should be strongly adhered to prevent misdiagnosis and to prevent missing of any pre malignant or malignant findings.
5
Khanna, Divya, Naveen Chandrahas Khargekar, and Ajay Kumar Khanna. "Implementation of Early Detection Services for Cancer in India During COVID-19 Pandemic." Cancer Control 27, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 107327482096047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073274820960471.
Full textAbstract:
Early detection of cancer greatly increases the chances of better survival. The emergence of COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted several essential health services globally and early detection of cancer services is one of them. The routine cancer screenings have plummeted in many developed countries since the crisis. India has highest estimated lip and oral cavity cancer cases worldwide (119,992, 33.8%) and the secondhighest number of breast (162,468, 17.8%) and cervix uteri (96,922,30.7%) cancers in Asian sub-continent. Not only India has high burden of cancer, but the majority (75-80%) of patients have advanced disease at the time of diagnosis. Hence is it imperative that early detection services should be kept functional at out-patient settings so that at least the patients coming to hospitals with early signs and symptoms can be diagnosed as early as possible. Strategies need to be adopted to continue early detection services and ensure safety of patients and health care workers from COVID-19 transmission.
6
Smirnov, Y. A., T. M. Bogacheva, and R. G. Valeev. "Ultrasonography in assessing the cervical cancer extent." Kazan medical journal 93, no. 5 (October 15, 2012): 735–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kmj1699.
Full textAbstract:
Aim. To study the potentials of complex ultrasonography in assessing the extent of cervical cancer, defining typical ultrasonographic features of cervical cancer. Methods. 75 patients with the diagnosis of morphologically confirmed cervical cancer were examined. Continuous sampling method was used to recruit the patients. Patients underwent transabdominal, transvaginal and transrectal ultrasonography with the use of color Doppler and power Doppler modes. Results. 57 (76,5%) patients were diagnosed with squamous cell non-keratinous carcinoma, 12 (16%) - with squamous cell keratinous carcinoma, 6 (8%) - with adenocarcinoma. 43 (57,3%) patients had cancer stages I-II, 32 (42,7%) - cancer stages III-IV. The certain features of ultrasonographic images were found at different stages of cervical cancer. At cancer stage I the most typical findings were: low echogenicity area, diffuse heterogeneity of stroma, area of hypervascularity at the place of cervical cancer. Increased blood flow at the cancer site is typical for cervical cancer because of tumor vasculature hyperplasia and neoangiogenesis, the increase in number of blood vessels is proportional to tumor size. Cervix hypertrophy, fuzzy and irregular contouring, no flexion angle between the fundus and cervix were characteristic for cervical cancer stages II-III. Corpus uteri echo-structure at the tumor site portrays the tumor structure. Infiltrates in parametrium can be seen. At stage IV tumor spreads to urine bladder and rectum walls. In advanced stages uretеrs can be involved, pyelectasis and ureterectasis can develop. Conclusion. Complex ultrasonography allows to diagnose cervical cancer quite reliably and to estimate the extent of cervical cancer.
7
Khullar, Nandika, Tejbir Singh, Mohan Lal, and Jasleen Kaur. "Impact of cancer diagnosis on different aspects of life of patients of cancer breast and cancer cervix uteri: a cross sectional study at Government Medical College, Amritsar, Punjab." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 5, no. 5 (April 24, 2018): 2053. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20181722.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Advancements in understanding about the etiology and pathogenesis of cancer has led to increased awareness regarding the clinical course of disease and its appropriate treatments. This is the major reason behind longer life expectancy in cancer patients. However, this longer life is not necessarily an easy one due to debilitating nature of both the disease and its treatment modalities. This study was done to assess the impact of cancer diagnosis on the psycho-social aspects of patient’s lives.Methods: All patients of cancer breast and cancer of cervix uteri, who reported between January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2015; at Radiotherapy Department, Guru Nanak Dev Hospital, Government Medical College, Amritsar and were residents of Amritsar District, were listed and a total of 127 patients were included in the study. Patients were interviewed using a pre-tested, pre-designed questionnaire at their place of residence.Results: Assessing the demands of the altered lives of cancer patients in different aspects like modifications in daily living, loss of work and pleasure, reformed religious/spiritual opinions, social support received etc. It is seen that social life of patients is affected after diagnosis of cancer. However, social support received by the patients and families is similar as compared to before diagnosis.Conclusions:Maximal impact of cancer, its diagnosis and treatment is on various aspects of the life of patients not only immediate family but relatives, friends and neighbours lend psychological, social and economic support in such situations which helps a cancer survivor cope with the trauma and carry on with their lives.
8
Sparén, P., L. Gustafsson, L. G. Friberg, J. Pontén, R. Bergström, and H. O. Adami. "Improved control of invasive cervical cancer in Sweden over six decades by earlier clinical detection and better treatment." Journal of Clinical Oncology 13, no. 3 (March 1995): 715–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.1995.13.3.715.
Full textAbstract:
PURPOSE Cancer of the cervix uteri can be controlled by cytologic screening for the detection of precursor lesions, but such intervention remains unrealistic in many countries in which this cancer is common. The possibility of reducing mortality by earlier clinical detection, followed by basic therapy, has never been properly assessed. PATIENTS AND METHODS We compiled records of incident cases of invasive cancer of the cervix diagnosed in a defined area of Sweden from 1930 through 1990. In a cohort of 6,044 women, we analyzed temporal trends in incidence and survival by clinical stage and age at diagnosis. Generalized proportional hazards models were used to study several factors simultaneously and quantify the overall reduction in mortality. RESULTS For each successive stage at diagnosis, the overall risk of dying increased 2.5-fold (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.4 to 2.7). From 1930, a marked improvement in stage distribution was accompanied by increasing survival rates in stages I and II disease. These changes largely took place before the introduction of screening and external-beam radiation. The 10-year relative survival rate increased from 33% in the 1930s to approximately 55% in the 1950s and thereafter. CONCLUSION Improvements in public and professional awareness of cervical cancer resulted in diagnoses at earlier clinical stages. The rate of cure in early stages improved when basic local treatment was introduced, but only little of the progress was attributable to the introduction of more advanced treatment technologies. These findings offer considerable hope for a substantial reduction in the mortality of cervical cancer without cytologic screening, even in countries with limited resources.
9
Liu, Jiaqing, Huaqiang Zhou, Yaxiong Zhang, Wenfeng Fang, Yunpeng Yang, Shaodong Hong, Gang Chen, et al. "Impact of prior cancer history on the overall survival of younger patients with lung cancer." ESMO Open 5, no. 1 (February 2020): e000608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/esmoopen-2019-000608.
Full textAbstract:
BackgroundPatients with a history of prior cancer are frequently excluded from cancer trials. Previous studies indicated that prior cancer does not adversely impact clinical outcomes for patients with lung cancer older than 65 years. However, it remains unknown whether these results are applicable to patients with lung cancer aged younger than 65 years old. The study aimed to investigate the impact of prior cancer history on younger patients with lung cancer.MethodsWe identified younger patients with lung cancer (<65 years) diagnosed between 2004 and 2009 in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Propensity score matching was performed to balance differences in baseline characteristics between groups. Kaplan-Meier method and the Cox proportional hazards model were used to evaluate the impact of prior cancer on overall survival (OS).ResultsAmong 103 370 eligible patients with lung cancer, 15.18% had a history of prior cancer. Lung and bronchus (25.83%), breast (14.13%), prostate (8.85%) and cervix uteri (4.74%) were the most common prior cancer types. Of prior cancers, 61.56% are localised and regional stages. More than 67.98% of prior cancers were diagnosed within 5 years of the index lung cancer diagnosis. The median times of diagnosis for prior cancers were 38 months. Patients with prior cancer had the same/non-inferior OS as that of patients without a prior cancer diagnosis (propensity score-adjusted HR=1.01, 95% CI=0.99 to 1.04, p=0.324). Subgroup analyses stratified by timing of prior cancer displayed almost the same tendency (p>0.05). Interestingly, early-stage patients with a history of prior cancer had adverse survival curves (p<0.05). Advanced-stage patients with prior cancer had non-inferior survival (p>0.05).ConclusionsA prior cancer diagnosis has a heterogeneous effect on the survival of patients with lung cancer aged <65 years across different stages, but further prospective studies are still warranted.
10
Vercelli, Marina, Alberto Quaglia, Claudia Casella, Lucia Mangone, Arduino Verdecchia, Riccardo Capocaccia, Roberta De Angelis, et al. "Cancer Patient Survival in the Elderly in Italy." Tumori Journal 83, no. 1 (January 1997): 490–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030089169708300111.
Full textAbstract:
Aims and background Italy, like most western populations, is sharply aging and changing its age structure with a striking increase in the oldest segment of the elderly. Since age is related to an exponential growth of cancer incidence rates and to a worsening of prognosis, the progressive aging of the population will constitute, in the future, an issue increasingly more important for public health. The present study is the first effort to present and analyze survival rates in Italian elderly cancer patients in order to provide a starting point for the development of better clinical strategies addressed to the aged. Materials and methods The presented data come from a large data set consisting of survival data relating to 25,798 men and 20,479 women, aged 65–84 years at diagnosis, collected by Italian cancer registries participating in the ITACARE project. Relative survival rates of patients have been calculated by sex, quinquennial age classes and the considered entire age class for overall malignant neoplasms and the 10 most frequent cancer sites in the elderly. Results When all Italian data for all cancers in the 65–84 year age group were pooled, survival rates at 5 years from the diagnosis was 27% and 39% in men and women, respectively. As regards specific sites, survival rates below 50% were observed for lung, stomach and ovary cancer at 1 year from diagnosis. At 5 years from diagnosis, the rates were less than 50% for colon, prostate, cervix, multiple myeloma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and melanoma (only in men). The best survival at 5 years from diagnosis (above 50%) was in women for melanoma and corpus uteri and breast cancer. For all cancers, the prognosis for women was better in each considered age group even though a dramatic decrease in survival with age was observed in both sexes. In general, a similar decline in survival with increasing age characterized all considered specific sites. However, at closer observation, the patterns of a decrease revealed some differences. The ratio between the survival rates of 55–64 vs 65–84 year age class indicated that the sites with the greatest advantage of survival for younger patients (ratio >1.5) were ovary, lung and melanoma (only in men), whereas the least advantage was observed for colon, corpus uteri, breast and prostate. By calendar periods, excluding non-Hodgkin's lymphoma for women, an increase in survival was observed for all considered sites, improving an encouraging successful trend in diagnostic and therapeutic progresses.
11
Kaur, Anahat, Shuai Wang, Tarek N. Elrafei, Lewis Steinberg, and Abhishek Kumar. "Trends in glassy cell cervical cancer in the United States from 1973-2015: Analysis based on SEER database." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2021): e17502-e17502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.e17502.
Full textAbstract:
e17502 Background: Glassy cell carcinoma of cervix (GCCC) is a rare histological subtype of cervical cancer which has historically been associated with rapidly progressive disease, early development of metastases and overall poor prognosis. We attempt to define real-world trends in GCCC in the United States based on data from SEER (Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results) database. Methods: We extracted data from the US National Cancer Institute's SEER 2018 dataset using ICD-O code for ‘Cervix Uteri Glassy Cell Carcinoma’. All patients who were diagnosed between 1973-2015 were included. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS 26. Kaplan Meier curve was used for survival analysis. Results: Data for a total of 57 patients with GCCC was available from 1975 to 2017. Median age at diagnosis was 38 years (range 30.5-44.5). Increased frequency of cases was noted in white females (77.2%) as compared to black population (22.2%). Most cases initially presented with localized or regional spread (47.4% and 40.4% respectively) with distant metastasis seen in only 10.5% patients. Data analysis revealed that 63.2% patients had Grade III poorly differentiated carcinoma, 66.7% received radiation therapy, 57.9% underwent chemotherapy and 59.6% had cancer direceted surgery performed. Calculated mean overall survival was 121.9 months. We were unable to calculate 5 year and 10 year median overall survival due to small sample size and censored data. Conclusions: GCCC is a rare histologic type of cervical cancer that presents at a younger age, is more frequently seen in white females and is commonly associated with localized or regional spread at time of initial presentation.[Table: see text]
12
Kim, Jinhee, Donghwan Lee, Kyung-Bok Son, and SeungJin Bae. "The Burden of Cervical Cancer in Korea: A Population-Based Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 17 (August 30, 2020): 6308. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176308.
Full textAbstract:
This study used the Korean National Health Insurance (NHI) claims database from 2011 to 2017 to estimate the incidence and the incidence-based cost of cervical cancer and carcinoma in situ of cervix uteri (CIS) in Korea. The primary outcome was the direct medical cost per patient not diagnosed with cervical cancer (C53) or CIS (D06) 2 years prior to the index date in the first year after diagnosis. A regression analysis was conducted to adjust for relevant covariates. The incidence of cervical cancer tended to decrease from 2013 to 2016, while that of CIS increased. In particular, the incidence rate of CIS in women in their 20 s and 30 s increased by 56.8% and 28.4%, respectively, from 2013 to 2016. The incidence-based cost of cervical cancer and CIS was USD 13,058 and USD 2695 in 2016, respectively, which increased from 2013. Multivariate regression analysis suggested that age was the most influential variable of the cost in both patient groups, and the cost was highest in those aged over 60, i.e., the medical cost was significantly lower in younger women than their older counterparts. These findings suggest that targeting younger women in cervical cancer prevention is a reasonable option from both economic and public health perspectives.
13
Bekhtereva, S. A., A. S. Domogirova, A. V. Vazhenin, and I. A. Aksenova. "Polineoplasia in patients with cervical cancer in the Chelyabinsk region of Russia." Research'n Practical Medicine Journal 5, no. 4 (December 22, 2018): 8–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17709/2409-2231-2018-5-4-1.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of the study was to analyze the incidence of primary-multiple cancer (PMC) of the female reproductive system according to the population cancer register of the Chelyabinsk region for 15 years (1999-2013) using the example of PMC of the cervix. Carry out an analysis of the adjusted cumulative survival in the group of patients with PMC of the cervix as compared with solitary cervical cancer.Material and methods. The material was processed using the classification of Zisman I. F. and Kirichenko G. D. (1978) on the sequence of tumors: metachronous, synchronous, mechatronic-synchronous and synchronous-metachronous. The interval of metachronousness is 6 months. The survival rates of cancer patients in the Chelyabinsk region were calculated automatically with the use of the computer program "Calculation of survival rates" — an application to the population-based cancer registry of OOO Novell-SPb. Using the method of continuous sampling, we carried out a retrospective analysis of the case histories of patients with PMC of the female reproductive system treated in the SBEO CRCOD for 15 years (1999-2013).Results. During the period under review, 82 patients with PMC of the cervix uteri were examined, metachronous tumors prevailed in 55 (67.1%), synchronous tumors developed in 27 (33.75%). In the group of metachronous tumors in 12 (21.8%) patients had a combination of three tumors. Three (5.45%) patients had a combination of four tumors. Analysis of combinations of cervical cancer showed that more often, the cervical cancer metachronically met with breast cancer 35% (14 patients), endometrial cancer 17.5% (7 patients), ovarian cancer 7.5% (3 patients). Synchronously cervical cancer was more often combined with breast cancer 42.8% (9 patients), endometrium 28.6% (6 patients), ovaries 23.8% (5 patients) and rectal cancer 4.8% (1 patient).The results of calculation of the index of the adjusted cumulative survival of the study group of the PMC of the cervix showed that in the group of metachronous tumors, survival rates were significantly higher than in the group of synchronous tumors: single-year survival was 84.8 ± 6.3% against 82.4 ± 9.2, three-year survival — 66.8 ± 7.8% against 47, 1 ± 12.1, and five years after the diagnosis, 53.8 ± 8.6% of patients survived.Conclusion. Thus, patients with cervical cancer are at risk of developing cancer of other localizations that share common etiopathogenetic factors, such as HPV infection in women, hormonal disorders.
14
Janssen-Heijnen, Maryska L. G., Adam Gondos, Freddie Bray, Timo Hakulinen, David H. Brewster, Hermann Brenner, and Jan-Willem W. Coebergh. "Clinical Relevance of Conditional Survival of Cancer Patients in Europe: Age-Specific Analyses of 13 Cancers." Journal of Clinical Oncology 28, no. 15 (May 20, 2010): 2520–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.25.9697.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose When cancer survivors wish to receive accurate information on their current prognosis during follow-up, conditional 5-year relative survival may be most suitable. We have estimated conditional 5-year relative survival for 13 cancers using a large European database—European Network for Indicators on Cancer (EUNICE)—of 10 dedicated long-standing cancer registries across Europe. Patients and Methods Patients age 15 years and older diagnosed between 1985 and 2004 were included. Conditional 5-year relative survival for each age group was computed for every additional year survived up to 10 years. Period analysis with follow-up period 2000 to 2004 was used. Results All patients with cutaneous melanoma or colorectal, endometrial, or testis cancer and younger patients with stomach, glottis, cervix, ovary, or thyroid cancer or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma exhibited hardly any excess mortality (conditional 5-year relative survival > 95%) given that they were alive at a defined time point within 10 years of initial diagnosis. However, patients with supraglottis, lung, breast, and kidney cancer, as well as older patients with most cancers exhibited substantial excess mortality (conditional 5-year relative survival < 90%). Initial differences in relative survival at diagnosis between age groups largely disappeared with time since initial diagnosis for melanoma, or stomach, colorectal, corpus uteri, or testicular cancer but persisted for patients diagnosed with other tumors. Differences between stage groups became smaller over time or disappeared. Conclusion Conditional relative survival shows clinically relevant variations according to time since diagnosis, type of cancer, and age, and can help serve as a guide for cancer survivors in planning for their future and for doctors in planning schedules for surveillance.
15
Oh, Jin-Kyoung, Hwa Young Choi, Minji Han, Jae-Kwan Lee, Kyung-Jin Min, and Moran Ki. "Prevalence of human papillomavirus-related diseases in the Republic of Korea: a cross-sectional study." Sexually Transmitted Infections 95, no. 4 (January 24, 2019): 292–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2018-053742.
Full textAbstract:
ObjectiveWe aimed to evaluate trends in the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV)-related diseases in the era before the introduction of organised HPV vaccination programmes in the Republic of Korea.MethodsThis cross-sectional study used National Health Insurance Service data from 2002 to 2015 and included participants who were diagnosed with the following HPV-related diseases (codes from the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision): genital warts (A63.0); cancer in the head and neck (C00–C10), anus (C21), vulva (C51), vagina (C52), cervix uteri (C53) and penis (C60); carcinoma in situ (CIS) of the lip/oral cavity/pharynx (D00.0), anus (D01.3), cervix (D06), vulva (D07.1), vagina (D07.2) and penis (D07.4); benign neoplasms of the larynx (D14.1); and dysplasia of the cervix (N87), vagina (N89) and vulva (N90). For each diagnosis, the fraction of cases attributable to HPV in Korea was assessed based on the percentages of diseases attributable to HPV reported in some international studies. The age-standardised prevalence was estimated using the direct population-based method.ResultsThe overall age-standardised prevalence of HPV-related diseases increased from 2002 to 2015, mainly due to increased prevalence of genital warts in men and cervical dysplasia and CIS in women. In women, genital wart prevalence increased from 2002 (24.4 per 100 000) to 2011 (57.1) and then decreased until 2015 (53.5); in men, the prevalence increased steadily from 2002 (22.9) to 2015 (109.4). The prevalence of cervical dysplasia and CIS increased (from 86.5 in 2002 to 484.5 in 2015, and from 60.3 in 2002 to 114.9 in 2015, respectively), but that of cervical cancer decreased (from 120.0 in 2002 to 106.9 in 2015).ConclusionsNon-organised HPV vaccination and organised cervical cancer screening may have contributed to the downward trend in genital wart prevalence and the upward trend in cervical abnormalities among women.
16
Tumanova, L. E., Е. V. Kolomiets, and N. P. Badzyuk. "Colposcopical, cytological parallels in pregnant women with large intervals interhenetyc." HEALTH OF WOMAN, no. 6(112) (July 29, 2016): 77–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.15574/hw.2016.112.77.
Full textAbstract:
Relevance of the study of cervical pathology in pregnant women due not only to high frequency, the development of socially active women age and the ability to transition to the malignant form, but ineffective existing methods of diagnosis and treatment The objective: To investigate cytological, colposcopic features of cervical cancer in pregnant women with great interhenetyc interval. Patients and methods. We examined 81 women 40 women with great intergenetichnim intervals in the course of pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period – Group 1; 27 pregnant women who gave birth for the first time at the age of 30 years, 2-nd group, 14 pregnant women who have a break between the first and subsequent births was 3-5 years old – Group 3. The study of the cervix uteri of pregnant women with large intergenetic intervals in later stages performed by colposcopic and cytological methods. Statistical processing osuschstvlyali standard methods. Results. The data show elevated levels of precancerous cervical pathology in pregnant women with great interhenetyc intervals and in the age of pregnant women compared to young pregnant women in which the interval between births is small – 3–5 years. A small percentage difference precancerous lesions of the cervix, 22.5% – women in group 1 and 22.2% – women in group 2, but said that with increasing age probability themselves elimination papillomavirus is reduced accordingly increases the risk of precancer and cervical cancer. Conclusion. 1. The study showed that the problem of the status of the cervix in women with large intergenetic interval remains relevant and not studied until the end. 2. Pregnant women for the first time after 35 years and with more multiparous intergenetichnim interval must always be at the first visit to the antenatal clinic in addition to taking a Pap smear colposcopic spending review. 3. In case of LSIL and HSIL in this category of women – colposcopic and cytological control 1 every 3 months during pregnancy with mandatory HPV PCR WRC. Key words: cervical pathology, pregnancy, colposcopy, cytology.
17
Kamita, Moses, Sharon Mweni, Ancent Nzioka, Jonine D. Figueroa, and Francis Makokha. "Analysis of cancer diagnoses from 2015-2019 within Machakos County, Kenya, support establishment of Cancer Centre in 2019 likely changing referral patterns." Wellcome Open Research 5 (December 16, 2020): 290. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16340.1.
Full textAbstract:
Background: In Kenya, cancer is an increasing public health challenge, with an estimated 48,000 new cancer cases and over 33,000 deaths recorded each year. Machakos County, Kenya, recently opened a cancer centre with an aim of bringing cancer services such as surgical oncology, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and pathological services closer to the residents of Machakos County. The county is also one of four counties selected for the universal health coverage pilot programme making it uniquely poised to inform cancer control programs at the local, national, and international levels. Methods: This study aimed to build a cancer database to enable future population-based cancer studies by reviewing cancer diagnosis records for selected major public hospitals in Machakos County from 2015-2019. Medical records data were retrieved from Machakos Level 5 Hospital and Kangundo, Matuu, Kathiani and Mwala Level 4 Hospitals. Results: A total of 522 cancer cases were recorded across the study period with more than a third (N=172, 33%) diagnosed August-December of 2019 when the Machakos Cancer Centre opened. Among the cancers diagnosed, the majority were in women (59.2%), with cervix uteri (n=106, 34.3%) followed by breast (n=62, 20.1%) as the most common cancers. For males, oesophagus (n=52, 24.4%) followed by prostate (n=43, 20.2%) were the most common cancer types. The highest crude rates per 100,000 persons were for Kangundo 67.4 and Matungulu 53.2 subcounties. Conclusion: It is clear that access to cancer care treatment will change referral patterns for residents in Machakos County and with the establishment of this database we expect to enable future population-based surveillance of the cancer burden and research studies, to inform cancer control programs.
18
Rahman, Md Atiqur, Syeda Tasfia Siddika, and MA Mazid. "Gynaecological Cancers in Surgical Specimens A Hospital Based Analysis." Medicine Today 26, no. 2 (July 16, 2015): 78–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/medtoday.v26i2.24225.
Full textAbstract:
Female genital tract malignancies have worldwide distribution, but the distribution and frequency vary from one region to another. The preventable carcinoma of the cervix is still the leading cause of cancer morbidity and mortality in the developing countries. Objective of this study is to determine the patterns and frequency of female genital tract malignancies in our population and to compare it with other national and international studies. A six-year retrospective analysis of histopathologically proven gynecological malignancies was performed in the Department of Pathology, Enam Medical College & Hospital, Savar between January 2008 and December 2013. Out of the total 185 gynaecological cancers diagnosed, 120 cases (64.87%) were cervical, 44 (23.78%) ovarian, 12 (6.49%) corpus uteri, 7 (3.78%) vulval, and 2 (1.08%) vaginal cancers. No malignant lesion is found in the myometrium and the fallopian tube. Age of the cases ranged from 4 months and 85 years with mean age 43.91±12.84 years. The mean ages of cervical and ovarian cancers were 46.64±10 and 37.16±14.66 years respectively. Majority of the patients were between the fourth and six decade with peak frequency in the fifth decade of life. Squamous cell carcinoma was the commonest histopathologic type in cervical and vulval cancers whereas serous cyst adenocarcinoma and endometrioid adenocarcinoma were the commonest types in the ovary and endometrium respectively. Carcinoma of the cervix was the commonest malignancy encountered in this study. Effective screening programs and public awareness is necessary for early diagnosis and decrease mortality.Medicine Today 2014 Vol.26(2): 78-82
19
Raman, Shreya R., Stephanie A. Sullivan, and Katherine Y. Tossas. "Abstract 2208: Unexpected pattern in estimated prevalence of precancerous cervical lesions at a safety net hospital in Virginia: A case for epidemiologic surveillance." Cancer Research 82, no. 12_Supplement (June 15, 2022): 2208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-2208.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Objectives: High-grade squamous lesions of the cervix, (Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN) grade 2 and 3), are concerning, common, and costly precancerous findings, particularly for safety net hospitals who provide healthcare regardless of finances or insurance status. Epidemiologic surveillance of these lesions is uncommon but might be useful to guide preventive interventions. We sought to estimate the prevalence of CIN 2/3 and its racial and ethnic distribution, accounting for patient’s clinical and sociodemographic characteristics. Methods: We used data from hospital and physician billing claims for any CIN diagnosis occurring at the Virginia Commonwealth University Health System (VCUHS) from 01/01/2016 through 12/31/2020, along with respective clinical and sociodemographic characteristics at the time of diagnosis. We estimated average adjusted prevalence of CIN 2/3 lesions by race and ethnicity, from average marginal effects, after selecting most relevant patient factors from a logistic regression (LR) using backward selection (removing terms with p ≥ 0.2 and adding those with p < 0.1). Results: There were 1,538 women diagnosed with CIN 1, 2, 3, and unspecified dysplasia of the cervix uteri with respective prevalence of 45%, 14%, 12%, and 30%. CIN2/3 prevalence (26%) varied by race and ethnicity: Asians (39%) > Latinas (32%) > Whites (28%) >Blacks (23%) > Other (20%). Of the variables included in the LR model (age, marital status, religion, preferred language, insurance status, Body Mass Index, HIV, HPV, presence of bacterial vaginosis, hypertension, cholesterol, diabetes, pulmonary conditions, arthritis, heart conditions, pregnancy status, parity, smoking, alcohol, and previous cancer diagnoses), only age, diabetes, pulmonary conditions, smoking, and heart disease remained in the final LR model. The estimated average adjusted prevalence of a CIN 2/3 diagnosis remained highest for Asian women (35%, 95%CI: 17-52%), followed by Latinx (28%, 95%CI: 19-37%), Whites (25%, 95%CI 22-29%), Blacks (23%, 95%CI: 20-27%), and other (18%, 95%CI: 9-26%). Conclusions: The higher CIN 2/3 prevalence estimates among Asian women relative to other races and ethnicities is unexpected, as it does not align with current distribution of cervical cancer diagnoses at VCUHS (only 3% Asian), nor with the patterns of cervical cancer incidence and mortality rates in Virginia and in the United States, where Asian women have the lowest incidence and mortality. However, it potentially suggests a higher rate of regression, a finding supported by at least one surveillance study with similar findings. Citation Format: Shreya R. Raman, Stephanie A. Sullivan, Katherine Y. Tossas. Unexpected pattern in estimated prevalence of precancerous cervical lesions at a safety net hospital in Virginia: A case for epidemiologic surveillance [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 2208.
20
Andersen, Christen Lykkegaard, Volkert Siersma, Hans Carl Hasselbalch, Ole Weis Bjerrum, Peter Felding, Bent Lind, Jan Palmblad, and Niels de Fine Olivarius. "Prediagnostic Thrombocytosis Increases the Risk of Advanced Gynecological Cancer and Increases Mortality Independently of Cancer Stage – a Population-Based Study." Blood 124, no. 21 (December 6, 2014): 2791. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.2791.2791.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Introduction An association between thrombocytosis and cancer is well established and several studies have shown that an elevated platelet count at diagnosis implies an inferior prognosis. In ovarian cancer, the pivotal role of platelets in driving the biologic mechanisms of malignant tumors has been demonstrated and paraneoplastic thrombocytosis has been shown to directly fuel tumor growth (Stone et al, N Engl J Med. 2012). In this epidemiological study, we assess the role of prediagnostic platelet levels in primary care patients subsequently diagnosed with gynecological cancer. Methods Using a primary care resource comprising blood differential cell counts from more than 500,000 individuals (Andersen et al, Clin Epidemiol. 2014), we included adults (18-80 years) diagnosed with gynecological cancer (ICD-10 codes C51-C58) as reported in the Danish Cancer Registry (DCR) between July 1, 2003 to January 23, 2010. We analyzed platelet counts in a 3-year period before cancer diagnosis and defined no prediagnostic thrombocytosis as a mean platelet count between 150-400x109/l, mild prediagnostic thrombocytosis as >400-550x109/l and severe prediagnosticthrombocytosis as >550x109/l. Statistical Analysis We used multivariable logistic regression to compute odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between prediagnostic thrombocytosis groups and cancer stage category (localized vs. non-localized) at the time of diagnosis (Table 1). The ORs were adjusted for known and possible confounders such as age (quadratic), year and month of blood sampling, as well as competing comorbid conditions as reported in the Danish National Patient Register. Furthermore, we analyzed time from diagnosis to all-cause mortality (as reported in the Danish Civil Registration System) in Cox regression models. The effects of prediagnostic thrombocytosis were estimated with hazard ratios (HRs) and adjusted for cancer stage category in addition to the above-mentioned confounders. Results A total of 1,083 women were diagnosed in the defined period comprising external female genital organs and vagina (5.1%), cervix uteri (24.8%), corpus uteri (37.2%), ovary, fallopian tube and broad ligament (32.5%) and other and unspecified female genital organs (0.4%). 614 of these patients (57%) had at least one available prediagnostic platelet measurement (mean number of measurements=1.62, SD=1.19, range=1-17) and 109 exhibited prediagnostic thrombocytosis (mild=76%, severe=24%). We observed significant associations between prediagnostic thrombocytosis and the risk of being diagnosed with advanced disease with ORs of 2.19 (1.25-3.84), P=0.006 and 3.80 (1.37-10.57), P=0.0104 for mild and severe prediagnostic thrombocytosis, respectively. The median overall survival among patients with severe prediagnostic thrombocytosis was 0.92 years, as compared with 3.34 years among those with mild prediagnostic thrombocytosis, P<0.0001 (Figure 1). When analyzing mortality rates and adjusting for cancer stage category at diagnosis, HRs were 1.52 (1.09-2.13), P=0.0145 and 3.46 (2.17-5.51), P<0.0001 for mild and severe prediagnostic thrombocytosis, respectively. Lastly, we analyzed all-cause mortality rates for localized cancer cases only and observed a significant association with severe (but not mild) prediagnostic thrombocytosis with a HR of 4.21 (1.22-14.55), P=0.032. Discussion This study demonstrates that prediagnostic thrombocytosis in gynecological cancer patients infers higher risks of advanced disease at time of diagnosis and inferior prognosis, not only due to the dissemination per se. In localized cancer, severe prediagnostic thrombocytosis also increases mortality with potential implications for the diagnostic work-up in these patients at initial referral to hospital. Table 1: Algorithms for cancer staging according to the TNM classification Tumor stage T N M Localized T1-4,x and N0 and M0 T1 and N0,x and M0,x T2 and N0 and Mx Non-localized T1-4,x and N1-3 or M1 Undefined T2-4,x and Nx and M0,x T3-4,x and N0 and Mx Figure 1: Kaplan-Meier estimates of survival time for gynecological cancer patients stratified by prediagnostic thrombocytosis groups. Figure 1:. Kaplan-Meier estimates of survival time for gynecological cancer patients stratified by prediagnostic thrombocytosis groups. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
21
Abdullah, Hafez Mohammad, Moataz Ellithi, Mamoon Ahmed, Lina Ali, Mohammad Ali, and Faiz Anwer. "Clinical characteristics and outcomes of extrapulmonary small cell cancer: A retrospective analysis of the SEER database." Journal of Clinical Oncology 40, no. 16_suppl (June 1, 2022): e20616-e20616. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2022.40.16_suppl.e20616.
Full textAbstract:
e20616 Background: Extrapulmonary small cell cancer (EPSCC) accounts for only 5-10% of small cell carcinoma, with the rest consisting of small cell lung cancer (SCLC). The incidence of this entity has been rising due to better diagnosis, however it is not well described and data is limited. We performed a Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database analysis to further characterize the biology and clinical aspects of this entity, in comparison to SCLC. Methods: The Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) 18 database was used to obtain data on age, gender, ethnicity, survival, and tumor characteristics of n = 9,712 US patients diagnosed with EPSCC between 2000-2018 and these were compared to n = 118,514 patients with SCLC diagnosed during the same period. Results: Among the EPSCC cohort 58.1 % were males while in the SCLC cohort 50.3% were males. Median age of diagnosis was 65.50 years for EPSCC and 66.81years for SCLC. Among the EPSCC patients, 75.9 % were Caucasians, 9.2 % were African-Americans, and 8.8% were Hispanics. Amongst SCLC patients, Caucasians made up 83.1% of the patients, while African-Americans made up 8.6% and Hispanics made up 4.5 % of the patients. Most common sites for EPSCC were urinary bladder (20.2%), prostate (7%), cervix uteri (6.2%), pancreas (4.5%), rectum (3%), and ovaries (2.6%). Median OS for EPSCC was 8 months (95% CI: 8 - 8), while median overall survival for SCLC was 7 month (95% CI: 7 - 7). Hazard ratio for death for EPSCC: 0.77 (95% CI: 0.75 - 0.79), p < 0.001. The survival at 12 months, 24 months and 60 months was 36%, 22%, and 13 % for EPSCC and 29%, 13%, and 5% for SCLC. There were no significant gender or racial differences in overall survival (OS). Conclusions: EPSCC has better overall and 5-year survival as compared to SCLC. There are no significant differences in survival outcomes in EPSCC patients based on location of primary, gender or race.
22
Molderings, Gerhard J., Thomas Zienkiewicz, Jürgen Homann, Markus Menzen, and Lawrence B. Afrin. "Risk of solid cancer in patients with mast cell activation syndrome: Results from Germany and USA." F1000Research 6 (October 26, 2017): 1889. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.12730.1.
Full textAbstract:
Background: It has been shown repeatedly that mast cells can promote or prevent cancer development and growth. If development and/or progression of a solid cancer is substantially influenced by mast cell activity, the frequencies of occurrence of solid cancers in patients with primary mast cells disorders would be expected to differ from the corresponding prevalence data in the general population. In fact, a recent study demonstrated that patients with systemic mastocytosis (i.e., a rare neoplastic variant of the primary mast cell activation disease) have increased risk for solid cancers, in particular melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The aim of the present study is to examine whether the risk of solid cancer is increased in systemic mast cell activation syndrome (MCAS), the common systemic variant of mast cell activation disease. Methods: In the present descriptive study, we have analysed a large (n=828) patient group with MCAS, consisting of cohorts from Germany and the USA, for occurrence of solid forms of cancer and compared the frequencies of the different cancers with corresponding prevalence data for German and U.S. general populations. Results: Sixty-eight of the 828 MCAS patients (46 female, 22 male) had developed a solid tumor before the diagnosis of MCAS was made. Comparison of the frequencies of the malignancies in the MCAS patients with their prevalence in the general population revealed a significantly increased prevalence for melanoma and cancers of the breast, cervix uteri, ovary, lung, and thyroid in MCAS patients. Conclusions: Our data support the view that mast cells may promote development of certain malignant tumors. These findings indicate a need for increased surveillance of certain types of cancer in MCAS patients irrespective of its individual clinical presentation.
23
Unger-Saldaña, K., A. Alvarez-Meneses, and D. Isla-Ortiz. "Symptomatic Presentation, Diagnostic Delays and Advanced Stage Among Cervical Cancer Patients in Mexico." Journal of Global Oncology 4, Supplement 2 (October 1, 2018): 221s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.18.89600.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Even though cancer of the cervix uteri is a preventable and highly curable disease, in Mexico it is the second cause of cancer mortality among women. According to the last National Survey of Health and Nutrition (2012) , Papanicolaou test screening coverage in Mexico is estimated at 45%. Additionally, studies have revealed quality problems in the taking and interpretation of Papanicolaou test tests and a lack of follow-up in ∼60% of women with positive Pap smears. To date there is no information on the time intervals of care for cervical cancer patients in Mexico. Aims: To quantify the intervals of care from the detection of a possible cervical cancer to the beginning of cancer treatment, describe the form of presentation and identify perceived barriers to timely care. Methods: We surveyed 427 patients that received a new cervical cancer diagnosis between 6.01.16 and 5.31.17 in the 2 largest public hospitals located in Mexico City available for uninsured cancer patients. Approximately 2/3 patients reside in Mexico City metropolitan area and 1/3 in surrounding states. All patients signed informed consent. Participants' medical files were reviewed. We gathered data on: dates necessary to estimate the intervals of care, sociodemographic characteristics, form of cancer identification (symptoms vs screening), perceived barriers of care and cancer clinical stage. Results: Clinical stages at diagnosis were: 9.5% in situ, 16.9% stage I, 25.2% stage II, 20.2% stage III, 17.8% stage IV and 10.5% not known. The median duration of the patient interval (time between symptom discovery and first medical consultation) was 24 days (IQR = 5.5-72), in comparison with 175 days (IQR = 101-272) for the health system interval (time between first medical consultation and treatment start). The diagnosis interval (first consultation to diagnosis) had a median duration of 99 days (IQR = 43-204) and the treatment interval (time between diagnosis and treatment start) a median of 57 days (IQR = 37-78). Only 15% (64/427) patients identified the problem through screening. The most common symptom of presentation was vaginal bleeding in 65.9% (236/363) cases. The main perceived barriers of diagnostic delay were: lack of information of available health services (63%), long waiting times between appointments (52%) and diagnostic medical errors in the first services consulted (38%). Conclusion: The vast majority of cervical cancer cases among uninsured women in the Mexico City metropolitan area have symptomatic presentations. Additionally, these patients face delays of ∼6 months between the first medical consultation and the confirmation of cancer. Low coverage of screening and diagnostic delays are the most likely explanations of the high mortality rates of cervical cancer that persist in Mexico despite the 30-year implementation of the national screening program.
24
Buiatti, Eva, Emanuele Crocetti, Ettore Conti, Fabio Falcini, and Lorenzo Gafà. "Comparability Issues within the Itacare Data Base." Tumori Journal 83, no. 1 (January 1997): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030089169708300107.
Full textAbstract:
Aims and background The aim of the study was to describe the extent of variability among Italian cancer registries in data managing practices that may affect differences in incidence and possibly in survival estimates. Methods a self-administered questionnaire was sent to each participating registry. The definitions of the disease, of the start point and of the end point of survival computation were investigated. Moreover, information on the proportion of histologic confirmation, of ill-defined sites and of DCO (death certificate only) was also considered. Results There were some differences in cancer registration techniques among Italian cancer registries. As regards disease definition, the most relevant problems arose for urinary bladder. Skin melanoma should also be considered with some caution, due to variability among registries in coding in situ cases. For the CNS and meninges, the proportion of cases that could be differently considered was so limited that no effect on survival is expected. For female breast, colorectum and cervix uteri, the effect of early diagnosis services (which are active only in some areas) may lead to better survival estimates. The variability in incidence date definition was high among registries and sites, but its effect on survival was very limited. There was a wide variability in the proportion of DCOs and of DCIs (initially known from death certificate), which should be considered in survival comparisons. All the registries stated that they carried out an active follow-up of their patients. Conclusions In general, quality standards of the registries are good and allow comparability of survival data. The variability of rules adopted by Italian registries may affect geographic survival differences only in a limited number of cancer sites, so that results should be interpreted with caution.
25
Goldberg, D. M., and E. P. Diamandis. "Models of neoplasia and their diagnostic implications: a historical perspective." Clinical Chemistry 39, no. 11 (November 1, 1993): 2360–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/39.11.2360.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract In comparison with normal cells, cancer cells have an enhanced ability to trap both nitrogen and energy; an enhanced operation of the glycolytic and direct oxidative pathways, leading to accumulation of lactate and increased production of NADPH; and a greater content of lysosomal hydrolases. These changes represent a reprogramming of gene expression, which, at its most specific, is accompanied by the reappearance in the cell and ultimately in the body fluids of oncodevelopmental proteins not normally found in mature adult tissues. The most florid stage of this reprogramming leads to the metastatic phenotype, which confers upon the cancer cell the ability to stimulate angiogenesis, invade the bloodstream and lymphatic vessel, and arrest and proliferate in distant tissues. The diagnostic implications of these phenotypic changes are illustrated for cancer of the cervix uteri and cancer of the colon. We also review the classical theories of neoplasia, including the cellular anoxia concept of Warburg, the deletion hypothesis of Potter, and various other mechanisms emphasizing genomic derepression and impaired immunity. The critical steps in chemical carcinogenesis are described, and the Vogelstein-Lane model is presented, emphasizing the stepwise and cumulative genomic changes affecting chromosomes 5q, 17p, 18q, and gene amplification of chromosome 12 as well as genomic instability resulting from reduced DNA methylation. The main consequences of these genomic alterations include overexpression or activation of oncogenes such as c-myc and k-ras, together with mutation or functional inactivation of suppressor genes such as p53. Finally, the implications of these findings for diagnosis and management are illustrated by reference to recent investigations in cancers of the breast, colon, and bladder, in which these genomic alterations can be detected by examination of appropriate cellular material and by detection in serum of antibodies to the p53 gene product.
26
Szentirmay, Zoltán, Zsuzsa Veleczki, and Miklós Kásler. "Humán papillomavírus asszociált méhnyak-megbetegedések Magyarországon: epidemiológia és a HPV-típusok összefüggése a párhuzamosan végzett citológiai diagnózissal." Orvosi Hetilap 158, no. 31 (August 2017): 1213–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/650.2017.30807.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract: Introduction: Persistent infection of human papillomavirus is known to cause cervical intraepithelial neoplasia or cancer in the cervix uteri and other HPV-associated cancers in different localization. Based on epidemiological and biological data, principally the high risk HPV is responsible for development of cervical these cancers. However, we have no information about the frequently distribution of different HPV types and what is the correlation between the HPV types and cytological diagnosis in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). Aim: In this paper, we are going to present new data involving incidence and mortality of HPV-associated cancers during the period of 2009–2015 in Hungary. We are also going to investigate the correlation of cervical cytological diagnosis and HPV typing, and the preventive effect of HPV vaccination. Method: The epidemiological data spring from the National Cancer Registry. HPV typing was performed by Linear Array HPV Genotyping Test. Simultaneous cytological diagnosis and HPV typing was carried out on 2048 cytological samples collected in period of 2009–2016. Results: According to the epidemiologic data, the most frequently occurring HPV-associated cancer is the laryngeal carcinoma in man, and the cervical cancer in woman in Hungary. During the 2009–2015 time intervals, the frequency distribution of head and neck cancers was not changed in man, but the incidence of tongue root squamous cell carcinomas was gradually increasing in woman. We have defined the clinical significance of single and simultaneously multiple HPV infection and have investigated the correlation of the HPV frequency distribution and cytological diagnosis in CIN. It was found that in the cytological negativity of probably/possibly carcinogen pHR-HPV group classified by IACR was much more frequent as in HR-HPV group (56% versus 47%). The presence of simultaneous multiplex HPV infection betokens an increased cancer risk. According to the international publications, the ratio of HPV16 just twice as big as in cervical cancer, what we found in CIN (60% versus 30%). The frequency order of the HPV18 is 2nd in cancer, and 9th in CIN. Comparing the frequency distribution of HR/pHR-HPVs in cervical cancer and CIN, the HR-HPV35 is very rarely occurring in CIN, the pHR-HPV56, 66, and 73 is more frequently seen in CIN as in carcinoma. Appreciated the preventive value of anti-HPV vaccines, we have found a significant differences in group with 1 HPV/sample and in group with more than 1 HPV/sample. Conclusion: The frequency distribution of tongue root squamous cell carcinoma and cervical cancer was gradually increasing in woman. The overall preventive effect of 9-valent vaccine is 80.3%. This preventive value should be higher because of the transformation ability of the different HPV types is not same. Out of consideration for HPV incidence in cancer, the preventive effect of 9-valent or 4-valent vaccines might reach to 93% or 73%. However, the pHR-HPVs are biologically active, it is not sufficient for the inclusion of these HPV types into population-wide HPV-DNA based cervical screening programs. Orv Hetil. 2017; 158(31): 1213–1221.
27
Aida, Yuka, Hiroko Fukushima, Hiroko Bando, Eiichi Ishikawa, Ayumi Shikama, and Ikuo Sekine. "Characteristics of Cancers in Adolescents and Young Adults Compared with Those in Adults in Their 60s: A Single-Center Experience." Oncology 100, no. 3 (2022): 140–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000520291.
Full textAbstract:
<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Cancer is one of the main causes of death among adolescents and young adults (AYAs) aged 15–39 years. The improvement in overall 5-year survival in AYA cancer patients was far below than that of adult cancer patients. The purpose of this study was to clarify the features of cancer in AYAs by comparing them with those of controls. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Patients in the cancer registry of the University of Tsukuba Hospital between 2007 and 2017 (median age, 65 years) were included in this study. We used patients between the ages of 64 and 66 years as controls. We then obtained the age at diagnosis, sex, primary site, and pathological type. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Among 27,281 cancer patients in the registry between 2007 and 2017, 1,947 (7.1%) patients were categorized into the AYA group, and 2,354 into the control group. Among men in the AYA group, central nervous system (CNS) tumors accounted for 22.7% of all cancers, followed by germ cell tumors, 22.5%, and hematopoietic malignancies, 12.5%. Among women in the AYA group, cervical cancer accounted for 35.9% of all cancers, followed by breast cancer, 14.6%, and CNS tumors, 11.6%. The proportion of specific cancer types relative to all cancers in the CNS, thyroid, adrenal glands, germ cells, cervix uteri, hematopoietic tissues, and sarcomas was higher in the AYA group than that in the control group. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The present results for AYAs were in sharp contrast to those for adult cancers and may be related to different modes of pathogenesis in AYAs. The identification of high-risk groups of these tumors in the AYA generation is crucial for prevention and early detection and will be a major topic for future research. While most of adult cancers are treated independently by each medical department, AYA cancers need to be treated in collaboration with experts from several departments. It is desirable to address the issues involved in applying treatments established for adult cancers to AYA cancers on a cancer-by-cancer basis.
28
Raman, Shreya R., Stephanie A. Sullivan, Robert A. Winn, and Katherine Y. Tossas. "Abstract C098: "Am I at risk for cervical cancer?": Racial disparity implications of an unexpected relationship between chronic conditions and precancerous lesions." Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention 32, no. 1_Supplement (January 1, 2023): C098. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7755.disp22-c098.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Objective: Cervical cancer is a highly preventable malignancy caused by HPV that begins with the development of precancerous lesions (high risk cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grades 2 or 3 - hrCIN). As cancer is a metabolic disease, individuals with metabolic conditions such as diabetes, high cholesterol (hcho) and high blood pressure (hbp) may be at higher risk of developing hrCIN. Given the higher prevalence among Black women, we sought to determine whether these metabolic conditions increase the risk of hrCIN differentially by race. Methods: We used data from hospital and physician billing claims for any CIN diagnosis occurring at the Virginia Commonwealth University Health System (VCUHS) from 01/01/2014 through 12/04/2021, along with respective clinical and sociodemographic characteristics at the time of diagnosis. We estimated the risk of high-grade dysplasia (CIN2+ versus CIN1) among women with various metabolic diseases, using logistic regression (LR) with a backward selection approach (removing terms with p ≥ 0.2 and adding those with p < 0.1) to identify most relevant confounding factors. Results: There were 2,761 women diagnosed with CIN 1, 2, 3, and unspecified dysplasia of the cervix uteri with respective prevalence of 30%, 45%, 11%, and 14%. The prevalence of hrCIN did not vary by race (48% versus 52% for non-Latina (nL)-whites versus nL-Blacks respectively). Of the variables included in the LR model (age, marital status, religion, preferred language, insurance status, Body Mass Index, HIV, HPV, presence of bacterial vaginosis, hypertension, cholesterol, diabetes, pulmonary conditions, arthritis, heart conditions, pregnancy status, parity, smoking, alcohol, and previous cancer diagnoses), only pregnancy status, diabetes, hypertension, cholesterol, insurance, language, pulmonary conditions, and HPV remained in the final LR model. We identified an interaction between hypertension and cholesterol (p=0.03) where the odds of a hrCIN among women with both, hypertension, and cholesterol, were more than twice compared to women with neither comorbidity (OR=2.2, 95%CI: 1.1, 4.3). Stratified by race, the elevated risk of hrCIN was only significant among nL-Black women (p=0.05, OR=2.9, 95%CI: 1.1, 8.6). Conclusions: Despite no apparent difference in the incidence of hrCIN by race in this dataset, our analysis revealed an excess risk of hrCIN that was only present for Black women with both hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. These comorbidities are both overrepresented in nL-Blacks and are associated with low grade systemic inflammation, which may promote HPV persistence and progression to hrCIN. If replicable, this association deserves further investigation to assess its biological underpinnings and potential as a point of intervention to reduce the risk of CIN progression and cervical cancer. Citation Format: Shreya R. Raman, Stephanie A. Sullivan, Robert A. Winn, Katherine Y. Tossas. "Am I at risk for cervical cancer?": Racial disparity implications of an unexpected relationship between chronic conditions and precancerous lesions [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr C098.
29
Liu, Enrui, Xu Guan, Ran Wei, Zheng Jiang, Zheng Liu, Guiyu Wang, Yinggang Chen, and Xishan Wang. "Association Between Radiotherapy and Death From Cardiovascular Disease Among Patients With Cancer: A Large Population‐Based Cohort Study." Journal of the American Heart Association 11, no. 6 (March 15, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/jaha.121.023802.
Full textAbstract:
Background This study aimed to investigate the association between radiotherapy for cancer and cardiovascular disease (CVD) deaths and evaluate the relative risk for CVD deaths in the general population and among patients with cancer treated with radiotherapy. Methods and Results The statistics of cancers from 16 sites were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database and evaluated. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to analyze the association between radiotherapy and cardiovascular‐specific survival. The standardized mortality ratio for CVD deaths was estimated by comparing the observed deaths of patients with cancer treated with radiotherapy to the expected deaths of the general population. Of the 2 214 944 patients identified from the database, 292 102 (13.19%) died from CVD. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analyses demonstrated that radiotherapy was an independent risk factor for cardiovascular‐specific survival among patients with lung and bronchus, cervix uteri, corpus uteri, and urinary bladder cancers. The long‐term cardiovascular‐specific survival of patients with cancer who underwent radiotherapy was significantly lower than that of patients who did not undergo radiotherapy. The incidence of CVD deaths among patients with lung and bronchus, cervix uteri, corpus uteri, and urinary bladder cancers who underwent radiotherapy was higher than that among the general population. Standardized mortality ratio significantly decreased with increasing age at cancer diagnosis, gradually decreased within 10 years of diagnosis and increased after 10 years of diagnosis. Conclusions Radiotherapy is associated with worse cardiovascular‐specific survival in patients with lung and bronchus, cervix uteri, corpus uteri, and urinary bladder cancers. Long‐term surveillance of cardiovascular conditions should be performed after radiotherapy.
30
Serarslan, Alparslan, Bilge Gursel, Deniz Meydan, and Nilgun Ozbek Okumus. "Radical radiotherapy in patients with cervix uteri carcinoma: experience of Ondokuz Mayis University." BMC Cancer 19, no. 1 (December 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12885-019-6402-x.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Background Radical radiotherapy is the standard treatment for patients with locally advanced cervix uteri carcinoma (FIGO stage IB2–IVA). Worldwide, incidence and mortality rates vary among regions because of differences in lifestyles and treatment standards. Herein, we evaluated the outcomes of radical radiotherapy in patients with locally advanced cervix uteri carcinoma from the middle Black Sea region of Turkey. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the records of 64 consecutive patients with locally advanced cervix uteri carcinoma who were treated from January 2013 to 2016 in our radiation oncology department. All patients staging and radiotherapy planning were performed with modern imaging techniques including magnetic resonance imaging and positron-emission-tomography/computed tomography before radical radiotherapy. Thereafter, all of them were treated with external beam radiotherapy and concurrent cis-platinum-based chemotherapy followed by three-dimensional intra-cavitary high-dose-rate brachytherapy. Results The median age at diagnosis was 54.5 years. The median follow-up period was 21 months. Acute grade 3 toxicity was detected in 3.1% of patients. Late toxicity was not detected in any patient. The 1- and 3-year progression-free survival rates were 83.6 and 67.5%, respectively. The 1- and 3-year overall survival rates were 95.7 and 76.9%, respectively. The most important prognostic factor was the FIGO stage. Distant metastasis was the most common cause of death in patients with locally advanced cervix uteri carcinoma despite radical radiotherapy. Conclusions In patients with locally-advanced cervix uteri carcinoma from the middle Black Sea region of our developing country, acceptable toxicity and survival rates are achieved similar to the recent literature from developed countries with using of modern staging, planning and radical radiotherapy techniques. However, recurrence was mostly in the form of distant metastases and further investigations on systemic therapies are required.
31
Prasad Subedi, Krishna, Laxmi Narayan Singh, Binay Thakur, K. K. Pradhananga, and Chin Bahadur Pun. "Population Based Cancer Incidence In 15 Districts of three Geographical Region, Mountain, Hills and Tatai For 2013-2014 In Nepal." International Journal of Scientific Research in Science and Technology, May 15, 2019, 219–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.32628/ijsrset196346.
Full textAbstract:
<p>Now more and more cancers are being diagnosed in Nepal. But it is hard to assess the burden of cancer in national context based on available data. The available hospital based information neither shows the magnitude of the problem nor there has been any community-based study in the past. First time in Nepal population based Cancer registry (PBCR) was started in 15 districts of different geographical region i.e. Himal, Pahad, Tarai, which covered the 25.8% of total population of the nation. Therefore, outcome of this study can be used to infer an overall situation of cancer in Nepal.</p> <p>In the year 2013-14, cancer cases were reported from data source institutions for the process of population based cancer registration. Among them the cases were verified by name, age, sex and disease i.e. topography/morphology. Cases were collected</p> <p>from projected areas and multiple entry were excluded from data base and total 5089 (2469+2620) cases were analyzed for the purpose. The mean age at diagnosis in 2013 was 53.9 years and 53.2 years in 2014, whereas; mean age in average for 2013-14 was 53.6 years.</p> <p> In the year 2013, the most frequent form of cancer for both sexes was bronchus & lung 15.7%, followed by cervix uteri 11.0%, and breast 7.6%. Among the female cases cervix uteri cancer 20.0% was the most frequent, followed by breast 13.5% and bronchus & lung cancer 12.9%. Similarly, bronchus & lung cancer 15.8% was the most common cancer among males, followed by stomach 6.1% and larynx cancer 4.3%. The most prevalent age group in male 70-74 years 19.9%, while in female it was in same age group 70-74 years 13.4%. </p> <p>In the year 2014, the leading sites of cancer for both sexes was bronchus & lung 13.7%, followed by cervix uteri 10.5%, and breast 9.5%. Among the female cases cervix uteri cancer 18.0% was the most frequent, followed by breast 15.5% and bronchus & lung cancer 11.8%. Similarly, bronchus & lung cancer 16.5% was the most common cancer among males, followed by stomach 7.4% and larynx cancer 5.3%. The most prevalent age group in male 70-74 years 11.3%, while in female it was in same age group 60-64 years 12.3%. The present data provide population based cancer burden in Nepal. According to findings, cancer of bronchus& lung was the most common topography of cancer followed by cervix uteri and breast for both sex in 2013-14.</p>
32
O Al-Shamsi, Humaid. "The Burden of Gynecologic Cancers in the UAE." Journal of Oncology Research Review & Reports, August 31, 2021, 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.47363/jonrr/2021(2)143.
Full textAbstract:
There is limited published data about gynecological cancers in the UAE. The latest cancer registry data published in 2020 for the 2017 reports a total of 7% (301/4299 ) out of the total cases of all cancer among the UAE population. The most diagnosed gynecologic cancers were uterine, cervix uteri and ovarian cancer, which ranked 5th, 6th, and 8th, respectively among all female malignant cancers in the UAE. There were 111 cases of uterus cancer, which accounted for 4.93% of all cancer cases among females, diagnosed in 2017. Due to various well-structured programs in the UAE for cervical cancer prevention, including implementation of HPV vaccination for females, aged 15-26 years and screening with a pap test for women 25-65 years, regardless of their HPV vaccination status. The rate of carcinoma in situ of cervix uteri in the UAE has declined by over 50% (from 81 cases in 2015 to 38 cases in 2017). There were 70 cases of ovarian cancer, accounted for 3.11% of all cancer cases among females, diagnosed in 2017. The highest number of ovarian cancer cases has been reported in the age group of 50-54. The malignant neoplasm of cervix uteri makes up to 1.9% of the total deaths (ranked 6th), caused by cancer in the UAE population, in 2017. Currently, the gynecology cancer research in the UAE is very limited. There is a need for initiation of gynecology specific working groups to facilitate the research in this area with focus on prevention, early diagnosis, and screening specific to the UAE population.
33
Shen, Xiaopeng, Chunguang Wang, Meng Li, Sufen Wang, Yun Zhao, Zhongxian Liu, and Guoping Zhu. "Identification of CD8+ T cell infiltration-related genes and their prognostic values in cervical cancer." Frontiers in Oncology 12 (October 31, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2022.1031643.
Full textAbstract:
Cervical cancer is a female-specific cancer with relatively high morbidity and mortality. As known to all, immune cell infiltrations in the cancer microenvironment are closely related to the cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Here we revealed that the CD8+ T cell infiltration was significantly upregulated in cervical cancer versus normal cervix uteri samples. Through univariate and multivariate cox analyses, we discovered that the CD8+ T cell infiltration was the only independent beneficial factor for the prognosis of cervical cancer. To explore the genes associated with the CD8+ T cell infiltration in cervical cancer, we performed the WGCNA analysis on the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of cervical cancer versus normal cervix uteri tissues. As a result, 231 DEGs were found to be associated with CD8+ T cell infiltration in cervical cancer. Subsequently, with the Cytoscape analysis, we identified 105 hub genes out of the 231 DEGs. To further explore the genes that might be responsible for the prognosis of cervical cancer, we performed a univariate cox analysis followed by a LASSO assay on the 105 hub genes and located four genes (IGSF6, TLR10, FCRL3, and IFI30) finally. The four genes could be applied to the prediction of the prognosis of cervical cancer, and relatively higher expression of these four genes predicted a better prognosis. These findings contributed to our understanding of the prognostic values of CD8+ T cell infiltration and its associated genes in cervical cancer and thus might benefit future immune-related therapies.
34
Dhaouadi, S., A. Cherif, M. Osman, and M. Hsairi. "Cancer incidence trend in northern tunisia: 1994-2009." European Journal of Public Health 29, Supplement_4 (November 1, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckz186.650.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Background Cancer is a major public health problem in Tunisia. The objectives of this study were to describe the epidemiological pattern of cancer for all and main cancer sites in Northern Tunisia during the period 2007-2009 and to analyze it’s incidence trend between 1994 and 2009. Methods Cancer registry of Northern Tunisia was the source of data for the identification of patients for this study. This registry notify, since 1994, all cases of malignant tumor in people living in the District of Tunis, Nabeul, Zaghouan, Bizerte (North East) Beja, Jendouba, Kef and Siliana (North West). Cases were codified using the third version of International Classification of Diseases for Oncology. Demographic data were provided by the National Statistical Institute. Incidence trend analysis was achieved by using JoinPoint Software. Results During the period 2007-2009, the age-standardised incidence rate of all sites combined was 149.2/100 000 person-years and 112.3/100 000 person-years respectively among males and females. The sex ratio was 1.26. The mean age at diagnosis was 58.28±16.77 years. The most common sites for males were: lung, bladder, prostate and colorectal; while for females, they were breast, colorectal, thyroid and cervix uteri. Local stage at diagnosis was observed in 37.7% of cases. The highest incidence rates were observed in the District of Tunis and in the governorates of North East. The trend incidence cancer of all sites combined during the period from 1994 to 2009 was significantly risen except for stomach cancer among males and cervix uteri among females with annual percent changes of -2.5% and of -4.1% respectively. Conclusions Despite the existence of a national cancer strategy in Tunisia, many barriers affect the implementation of interventions; while the trend cancer incidence continues to rise particularly in males. Strengthening prevention strategy of this scourge is strongly recommended. Key messages Cancer is a major public health in world and in Tunisia. Prevention must be applied to reduce the incidence of cancer.
35
NS, Arungani, Sivarama krishnan M, Vezhavendhan N, and Suganya R. "Cancer metastasis - A molecular insight and the challenges during covid times." Journal of Clinical Images and Medical Case Reports 2, no. 4 (August 5, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.52768/2766-7820/1254.
Full textAbstract:
that is discontinuous to the primary tumor mass and forms secondary tumor masses in a distant area at the site of lodgment. Metastasis is a feature to distinguish malignant from benign tumors [1,2]. Worldwide, 19.3 million new cancer cases arise and about 10.0 millions of cancer deaths has occurred in 2020 [3]. In the year 2020 1,392,179 cases of cancer were reported in India, among which the breast, lung, mouth, cervix uteri, and tongue were the most commonly involved site. The head and neck, stomach, breast cancers are diagnosed in their locally advanced stage whereas, distant metastasis was predominant in lung cancer. Thus metastatic potential differs among the different type of cancer [4]. About 30% of patients with newly diagnosed solid tumors (other than melanomas) presents with clinically evident metastases. About 20% have hidden metastases at the time of diagnosis. It is stated that metastasis is the main cause for 90% of cancer deaths [1,2,5].
36
Ngoc, Doan Van, Bui Van Lenh, and Bui Dieu. "The Value of Magnetic Resonance in Assessment of Size, Invasion, Metastasis and Cervical Cancer Stage Classification." VNU Journal of Science: Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences 36, no. 2 (June 25, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.25073/2588-1132/vnumps.4225.
Full textAbstract:
This study investigates the value of magnetic resonance (MR) in assessing size, invasion, lymph node metastasis and cervical cancer stage classification in 117 patients who underwent surgery for whole hysterectomy and pelvic lymph node dredge in Vietnam National Cancer Hospital from July 2016 to August 2018. The study results show that tumor size accuracy (Acc) was 93.2%; vaginal invasion Sp was 98.2%; Acc, 96.6%, NPV, 98.2%; parametrial invasion Sp, 98.2%; Acc, 98.3%, NPV, 100%; pelvic wall invasion Acc , 98.3%; Sp was 115/116, 99.1%; NPV, 99.1%; metastatic lymph node Sp, 98.0%; Acc, 88.9%; NPV, 89.8%. The Acc of the value of MR in cervical cancer stage diagnosis from stage IB was 96.1%; and the overall Acc was 82.9%. The study results also show that the use of MRI in combination with clinical examination in size, invasion, metastasis and cervical cancer stage classification is necessary to improve the accuracy of the diagnosis.
Keywords
Cervical cancer, MRI of cervix.
References
[1] Globocan Cervical Cancer, Estimated Incidence, Mortality and Prevalence Worldwide in 2012. http://globocan.iarc.fr/old/FactSheets/ cancers/cervix - new.asp (accessed 30.06.2017). [2] Sala E, Wakely S, Senior E et al. MRI of malignant neoplasms of the uterine corpus and cervix. AJR Am J Roentgenol 188(6) (2007) 1577. [3] Hricak H, Lacey CG, Sandles LG et al. Invasive cervical carcinoma: comparison of MR imaging and surgical findings. Radiology 166(3) (1988) 623.[4] Ngo Thi Tinh, Research invasive level of cervical cancer on stage IB-IIA by clinical, magnetic resonance image and treatment results at K Hospital from 2007-2009. Doctor of Medicine thesis, Hanoi Medical University, 2011 (in Vietnamese).[5] Doan Van Ngoc. Research image characteristics and values of 1.5 tesla magnetic resonance in stage classification and follow treatment of cervical cancer. Doctor of Medicine thesis, Hanoi Medical University, 201 (in Vietnamese).[6] Susan JF, Ahmed MA, Masako YK et al. The Revised FIGO Staging System for Uterine Malignancies: Implications for MR Imaging. RadioGraphics 32(6) (2012). [7] Corrigendum to: Revised FIGO staging for carcinoma of the cervix uteri; Int J Gynecol Obstet 145 (2019) 129.[8] Hoang Duc Kiet. Magnetic resonance image of abdomen and pelvis. Medical Publishing House, (2016), pp.31-44, 329-334 (in Vietnamese).[9] Bourgioti C, Koutoulidis V, Chatoupis K et al. MRI findings before and after abdominal radical trachelectomy (ART) for cervical cancer: a prospective study and review of the literature. Clin Radiol. 69 (2014) 678.[10] Charis B, Konstantinos C, Lia AM, Current imaging strategies for the evaluation of uterine cervical cancer, World J Radiol, 28; 8(4) (2016) 342.
37
MS, Navya. "Cervical Cancer- Care Delayed-Care Denied and Death Invited." Journal of Quality in Health Care & Economics 4, no. 5 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/jqhe-16000237.
Full textAbstract:
With about 78 billion global population, in 2020, 19 million new cancers and nearly 1 million deaths due to all types estimated to occur. Cervical cancer does not figure in top 5 most common cancers in both sexes globally, but with 6.5% incidence it forms the fourth top among women worldwide. The cancer registry data across the country in India with simple average of the most recent local rates applied to 2020 population estimates a figure of 1324413 cases and 851678 in 2020 and cumulative prevalence around 2.7 million cases in last 5 years of all categories of cancers in India. Cervical cancers in India account for 10% of all cancers in both sexes and about 18% of cancers among women in India as per the international agency for Cancer Research. Nearly one-third of the global cervical cancer deaths occur in India. It is a preventable condition as it has a long precancerous stage amenable for screening and treating. Cervical cancer Cervix uteri is no 3 with about 123 907 cases (9.45) next only to Breast and Oral cancers with a 2.01 cumulative risk. Cervical cancer death risk as 60000 women die annually. While the incidence and mortality rates of cervical cancer in the world are 13.1/ and 6.9/ per lakh population, in India, it is estimated to be 14.7/and 9.2/ per lakh population. Resulting in about 96,922 new cervical cancer cases and 60,078 deaths ranking second among women cancers. The incidence varies within Indian population basically due to ggeographical and socio-economic disparities in screening practices and care seeking practices across the districts of India. Epidemiologically the symptoms are mild and mimic a venereal disease of low infectiousness and therefore delay in seeking care and reporting at a time when the prognosis is poor. The 5-year survival rate is around 76.0% for those aged ≤50 years with much poorer survival among cases with involvement lymph nodes. We present one such case of a 45 year’s old rural women reporting on 4th May 2021 with symptoms vaginal bleeding, back pain, urine leakage & pelvic pain since 2 months to a gynecologic oncology service at a cancer hospital & research center, Bangalore. She had the history of taking treatment for another 2 months earlier from a traditional healer with no progress. She had consulted a family doctor first who referred her to the Cancer hospital. After an evaluation for abnormal vagina bleeding, cervical biopsies that demonstrated invasive adenocarcinoma of the cervix (Stage IV B CA Cervix) the diagnosis was confirmed. Since it was in an advanced stage, a palliative management including radiation therapy for control of bleeding & pain, and systemic chemotherapy for disseminated disease was opted. After 22 days of treatment she got discharged along with medications prescribed Inj. Amikacin 100mg IV OD, Inj. Pantoprazole 40mg IV OD, DNS which was given by the local doctor. But there was no progress and finally she died on 17th June 2021 after 23 days of discharge. This case emphasizes the need for early care seeking behavior, regular screening for all women over 35-45 years and HPV vaccination for adolescent girls in India.