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Rainey, Billie-Jean. "Reliability of cervical vertebrae maturation staging method." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2014. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/18455/.
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Background: Knowledge of craniofacial growth and development is a prerequisite for the comprehensive and successful management of orthodontic patients. In orthodontic treatment during adolescence, craniofacial growth is often paramount to its success of treatment, especially in patients with skeletal discrepancies. The ultimate goal, in orthodontics, would be the ability to predict accurately the onset, duration and magnitude of the peak pubertal growth spurt, particularly in relation to the mandible. The radiographic assessment of features of skeletal maturation has been extensively researched, as a means of determining an individual’s growth potential. Historically, assessments of the ossification of the bones on the hand-wrist radiograph were evaluated. However for orthodontics, in the UK and some other parts of the world, this method has been superseded by assessment of morphological features of the cervical vertebrae, on the lateral cephalogram. This increase in popularity is because the cervical vertebrae assessment prevents additional radiation to the patient. It is, therefore, safer for the patient. Aim: This study aimed to: 1. Determine the reliability and reproducibility of Cervical Vertebrae Maturation (CVM) stage assessment amongst orthodontists in training and specialist orthodontists, looking at a sample of consecutive lateral cephalograms taken at Liverpool University Dental Hospital. 2. Determine the reliability and reproducibility of CVM stage assessment amongst orthodontists in training and specialist orthodontists, looking at a sample of ideal images provided by co-author of the index, Dr J McNamara. 3. Compare the agreement of specialist orthodontists with orthodontists in training. 4. Determine whether increased experience with the index improved the agreement between observers. 5. Determine if the principal investigator (BJR) and research supervisor (JEH) agree with the experts and developers of the index (JMN/LF) and determine if they could be classified as experts. Design: This was a two phase reliability study. A group of 20 orthodontic clinicians, none of whom had used a CVM staging method previously, were trained in the use of the improved version of the CVM method for the assessment of mandibular growth using McNamara’s teaching programme. They independently assessed a sample of 72 consecutive lateral cephalograms, taken at Liverpool University Dental Hospital, on two separate occasions. The cephalograms were presented in a random order and interspersed with 11 ideal images from McNamara for standardisation. The intra- and inter-observer agreements were evaluated, for both image samples, using the weighted kappa statistic. The principal researchers also completed the two phase reliability study. Their results were analysed separately and compared to the findings for observers with no previous experience. The principal investigators then mutually agreed on staging of each radiographs and compared these to the staging given by the developers of the index, to determine if the principal investigator and research supervisor could be classified as experts. Results: The intra-observer and inter-observer agreements were substantial, (weighted kappa 0.6-0.8). The overall intra-observer agreement was 0.70 (SE 0.01) with average agreement 89%. The inter-observer agreement on the first occasion was 0.68 (SE 0.03) and 0.66 (SE 0.03) on the second occasion, with an average inter-observer agreement of 88%. Conclusions: The intra-observer and inter-observer agreement of classifying CVM stages, using the improved version of the CVM method for the assessment of mandibular growth, were substantial.
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Caldas, Maria de Paula. "Analise computadorizada da idade ossea vertebral em radiografias cefalometricas laterais na população brasileira." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/288982.
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Orientador: Francisco Haiter Neto<br>Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T23:56:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 2009<br>Resumo: O objetivo neste trabalho foi avaliar a aplicabilidade do método de análise da idade óssea vertebral, proposto por Caldas et al. (2007) nas diferentes regiões do país. Para isso, foram utilizadas radiografias cefalométricas laterais e radiografias carpais de 381 meninas e 336 meninos, com faixa etária variando entre 7 e 15.9 anos, pertencentes a arquivos digitais de seis clínicas de Radiologia Odontológica provenientes das cidades de Belém-PA, Fortaleza-CE, Recife-PE, Brasília-DF e Curitiba-PR. Nas radiografias cefalométricas laterais, os corpos das vértebras C3 e C4 foram medidos com o auxílio de uma análise computadorizada das vértebras cervicais inserida no programa de cefalometria digital Radiocef Studio 2 e as idades ósseas das vértebras cervicais foram automaticamente calculadas, utilizando as equações de regressão desenvolvidas por Caldas et al. (2007). Nas radiografias carpais, os eventos de ossificação da mão e do punho foram avaliados e as idades ósseas determinadas pelo método de Tanner e Whitehouse (TW3). Os dados foram encaminhados à análise estatística de variância e teste de Tukey (p<0,05) para comparar idade óssea vertebral, idade óssea carpal e idade cronológica. Os resultados obtidos revelaram que, em todas as regiões estudadas, a idade óssea vertebral não apresentou diferença estatística significante em relação à idade cronológica. Quando analisada a relação entre as idades ósseas, foi possível observar diferença estatística significante entre idade óssea vertebral e idade óssea carpal nos sexos masculino e feminino das regiões Norte e Nordeste, assim como no sexo masculino da região Centro-Oeste. No entanto, as diferenças não foram maiores que 0,61, 0,31 e 0,45 anos para as regiões Norte, Nordeste e Centro-Oeste, respectivamente.Com exceção do sexo masculino na região Norte e do sexo feminino na região Nordeste, não foi encontrada diferença estatística significante entre idade óssea e idade cronológica. Para as regiões Norte e Nordeste, as diferenças encontradas foram de 0,44 e 0,26 anos para o sexo masculino e feminino, respectivamente. Baseados nestes resultados, pôde-se concluir que as fórmulas desenvolvidas por Caldas et al. (2007), para avaliação objetiva da idade óssea pelas vértebras cervicais, se mostraram confiáveis e podem ser utilizadas na população estudada.<br>Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the applicability of the formula developed by Caldas et al. (2007) in Brazilian subjects. The samples were taken from patient digital files of six Oral Radiological Clinics placed in Belém-PA, Fortaleza-CE, Recife-PE, Brasília-DF e Curitiba-PR. Lateral cephalometric and hand-wrist radiographs of 381 girls and 336 boys (aged 7.0 to 15.9 years) were selected. On the digital lateral cephalograms, the bodies C3 e C4 were measured using a cervical vertebral computerized analysis created in the software program of digital cephalometric analysis Radiocef Studio 2 and cervical vertebral bone age was calculated using the formulas developed by Caldas et al. (2007). Hand-wrist bone age was evaluated by the Tanner and Whitehouse method (TW3). An analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey test were used to compare cervical vertebral bone age, hand-wrist bone age and chronological age (P <0.05). No significant difference was found between cervical vertebral bone age and chronological age in all regions studied. When analyzing bone age, it was possible to observe a statistically significant difference between cervical vertebral bone age and hand-wrist bone age for female and male subjects in the North and Northeast regions, as well as for male subjects in the Central West region, which were no more than 0,61, 0,31 e 0,45 years in the North, Northeast and Central West regions, respectively. No significant difference was observed between bone age and chronological age in all regions except for the male subjects in the North and female subjects in the Northeast, which were 0,44 and 0,26 years, respectively. We concluded that the formulas developed by Caldas et al. (2007) to objectively evaluate skeletal maturation are reliable and can be applied to Brazilian subjects.<br>Doutorado<br>Radiologia Odontologica<br>Doutor em Radiologia Odontológica
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Knoefel, Mark-Ulrich. "Age-related morphological changes in fifth cervical vertebrae." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0018/MQ47050.pdf.
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Sobczak, Pawel. "Computational investigation of anterior cervical spine stabilisation." Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.251277.
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Nash, Lance Graham, and n/a. "The deep cervical fascia : an anatomical study." University of Otago. Department of Anatomy & Structural Biology, 2006. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20060810.155517.
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Current understanding concerning the human deep cervical fascia (DCF) differs between anatomists, surgeons, and radiologists. One reason has been the varying methodologies used to examine the DCF and the terminology assigned to each layer or potential space formed. Previous knowledge concerning the DCF originally came from cadaveric studies. However, such findings were highly subjective, reliant on the dissectionist�s skill with a scalpel. With the recent advent of radiological imaging and sheet plastination, there has been a re-examination of the fascial layers (investing, pretracheal, and prevertebral) that constitute the DCF. Although there is general consensus regarding the existence of the three layers, there is continuing conjecture over the concise anatomical description of these fascial structures. Recently, the investing (superficial) fascia, as a separate fibrous structure, has been questioned with a small number of plastination studies reporting its absence in the postereolateral regions of the neck. Within the suboccipital region (SOS) it is widely reported that the nuchal ligament, extending from the investing layer, directly connects with the spinal dura mater. However, a recent plastination study by Johnson et al. (2000b) found these fibres to dissipate in the SOS.The question remains as to what fibres directly communicate with the spinal dura? The fibrous connective bridge is reported in some clinical studies to originate from the rectus capitis posterior minor (RCPm) via the SOS. The origin of the connective fibrous bridge is essential in understanding the mechanism in the prevention of the phenomenon of 'infolding' and cervicogenic neck pain? Anteriorly, the investing fascia is regarded as a continuance of a 'fibrous collar' that encapsulates the entire neck, yet if it does not truly exist in the posterior neck region, does it actually exist as a tangible structure in the anterior neck? With regard to the deep midline fascial structures that arise from the pretracheal fascia, the presence of two separate spaces, the retropharyngeal and danger space, divided by the alar fascia in the posterior pharyngeal region, is still debated and is yet resolved in the clinical literature.
The aims of this qualitative study were to: 1. determine the dural ligamentous and tendinous connections in the posterior atlanto-occipital (PAO) interspace region, and establish the morphology of the PAO membrane, 2. determine whether the investing layer of the DCF is a distinct fibrous structure in the anterior neck and examine the relationship with the subcutaneous platysma muscle, and 3. determine the relationship between the RPS and DS in the posterior pharynx region and identify the configuration of the alar fascia. Twenty-seven cadavers were examined at the gross, macro- and, microscopic level. Blunt and sharp dissections were conducted on 12 specimens. Fifteen cadavers were prepared as epoxy sheet plastinates. Light, fluorescent and confocal microscopy was conducted on the sheet plastinations.The findings of the first study demonstrated that small discrete bundles from medial tendinous fibres of RCPm formed a fibrous connective tissue bridge directly with the spinal dura in the SOS (in all 6 median-sectioned plastinated specimens), not the nuchal ligament as commonly reported. The RCPm fascia, in conjunction with lateral contributions from the perivascular sheath, formed the PAO membrane (ligamentum flavum) which was not continuous with the neural arch of C1 as often cited in anatomical texts. The cerebrospinal junction was also demonstrated to be a naturally formed multi-layered structure in all plastinates and not the result of pathological change as widely reported in clinical literature.The Gross dissection findings of the second study supported the traditional view that the investing layer formed a covering over the anterior triangle neck region. However, findings from plastinations, in conjunction with confocal microscopy, demonstrated clearly that the investing layer is formed from the epimysium of superficial muscles in the anterior neck. In the suprahyoid neck, it appeared disjointed with the fascia of the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) fascia isolated from the neighbouring submandibular fascia. In the infrahyoid neck, it was formed by medial fascial extensions from the omohyoid fascia, SCM fascia, and fused at the midline to the infrahyoid fascia, (pretracheal layer) resulting in two ipsilateral compartments. Distal 'finger-like' fascicles of platysma presented with individual epimysial fascia, which gave the false appearance of a thickened investing layer. These findings contravene those of the traditional view that the investing fascia is continuous at the mid-line.The findings of the third study agreed with both those reported in radiological and cadaveric studies respectively, in that the alar fascia was not present above the level of C1 as purported by radiologists, but became more apparent below this level. The alar fascia was observed to be formed from medial extensions of the carotid sheath, with some minor contributions from the lateral slips of the prevertebral fascia posteriorly, and was visible within transverse plastinated slices to the level of C7. However, at the levels of C4 and C6, the alar fascia appeared to fuse with the buccopharyngeal fascia, (posterior pretracheal layer of the DCF), a finding not previously reported. This study demonstrated, through E12 sheeted plastinated sections, that the morphology and topography of the DCF is complex, and a more precise understanding of the anatomy of the DCF and associated potential spaces is paramount clinically in otolaryngology, concerning the cervical fascial pathways of potentially life-threatening commutative pathologies.
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Das, Mohammed. "Image analysis techniques for vertebra anomaly detection in X-ray images." Diss., Rolla, Mo. : University of Missouri--Rolla i.e. [Missouri University of Science and Technology], 2008. http://scholarsmine.mst.edu/thesis/MohammedDas_Thesis_09007dcc804c3cf6.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Missouri University of Science and Technology, 2008.<br>Degree granted by Missouri University of Science and Technology, formerly known as University of Missouri--Rolla. Vita. The entire thesis text is included in file. Title from title screen of thesis/dissertation PDF file (viewed March 24, 2008) Includes bibliographical references (p. 87-88).
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Ng, Man-cheuk. "Functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI) of brain and cervical spinal cord." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/HKUTO/record/B39557777.
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Reichert, Alison. "Test-retest properties of objective maximal neck force measures in a population of healthy adults." Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=116038.
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Neck pain is an increasing problem in industrialized societies. Research is necessary to find ways to objectively measure neck dysfunction. The purpose of this Master's project was to examine the test-retest properties of a dynamometric system for neck force measurements and to obtain reference measures on isometric cervical strength in a healthy population. Twenty-eight healthy subjects participated in this study; 16 males and 12 females. Cervical strength was measured using the MCU(TM) Multi-Cervical Unit (BTE Technologies(c)) in six directions: flexion, extension, protraction, retraction and right and left lateral flexion. The test-retest reliability was good to excellent (≥ 0.85) for all directions. Males were on average 58% stronger than females, with the greatest difference in t1exion. The standard error of measurement and minimal detectable change values were found to be much smaller than the average strength measures. Studies are needed to address the implementation of the MCU in clinical settings.
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Persson, Liselott C. G. "Cervical radiculopathy effects of surgery, physiotherapy or cervical collar : a prospective, randomised study /." Lund : Dept. of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Neurosurgery, Lund University, 1998. http://books.google.com/books?id=PMJrAAAAMAAJ.
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Grave, Benjamin. "Morphological relationships between cervical vertebrae and craniofacial structures : research report /." Title page, contents and summary only, 1993. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09SDN/09sdng775.pdf.
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Wen, Shifeng, and 溫世锋. "Effectiveness of three surgical decompression strategies for treatmentof multilevel cervical myelopathy: aretrospective study." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45174283.
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Crossman, John Edward. "Morphogenesis of the cervical vertebrae : a computer investigation into developmental mechanisms." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2005. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1444655/.
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In mammals the presence of a vertebral column defines the phylum and provides protection and support for essential organ systems such as those of respiration, locomotion and neurological function. Congenital abnormalities of the vertebral column in the human are uncommon but they can lead to spinal instability and accelerated degenerative change. They are also often associated with other system abnormalities. Because our understanding of the developmental process is incomplete, and there is little clinical and / or scientific evidence on which treatment decisions can be based, it is difficult for doctors to decide on the best treatment for affected individuals. With this in mind, the aim of this work has been to construct a theoretical model of vertebral body morphogenesis in order to investigate and clarify mechanisms of normal development and how they might be altered in the formation of congenitally abnormal vertebrae. As a first step a classification system of vertebral malformations was developed from a study of the clinical and scientific literature. Using cellular automata techniques on a personal computer a model of vertebral body morphogenesis was then constructed and this was used to generate and test hypotheses regarding the aetiology of the observed malformations. The results of this work suggest that during normal development: (i) sclerotomal cells migrate medially without significant cranial or caudal deviation (ii) cellular replication is necessary for normal formation of the cellular condensation which will ultimately develop into the vertebral body. Abnormal vertebrae were found to be a consequence of (i) abnormal spatial arrangement of the sclerotomal cells resulting from malsegmentation of the paraxial mesoderm or (ii) decreased or absent sclerotomal cell replication The causes of the malsegmentation and abnormal cellular replication in the human embryo is not certain. However animal models have suggested exposure to common environmental teratogens such as sodium valproate and alcohol can cause malsegmentation before the embryo's mother even realises she is pregnant.
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Klyämarkula, Seija. "Growth and adaptability of skeletal components in the craniocervical junction area animal experiments and human roentgen cephalometric measurements /." Turku, Finland : Dept. of Oral Development and Orthodontics, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, 1991. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/24493810.html.
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Raynak, Geoffrey Charles. "Cervical spine injury potential resulting from sagittal plane inertial loading /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7989.
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Peolsson, Annelie. "Functional analysis of the cervical spine : reliability, reference data and outcome after anterior cervical decompression and fusion /." Linköping, 2002. http://www.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp2002/med738s.pdf.
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Arlegui, Mikel. "Estudio evolutivo de la región cervical en hominoidea : morfología, integracíon e inferencia paleobiológica." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0280.
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Dans cette Thèse de Doctorat, nous avons eu l’objectif général d’avancer dans l’étude de la morphologie et l’évolution des vertèbres cervicales chez Hominoidea. Pour mener à bien cet objectif, nous avons réalisé quatre études sur du matériel osseux (vertèbres et crâne) appartenant à des espèces d’hominoïdes actuels, ainsi que sur les rares restes fossiles existants pour la sous-tribu des Hominina. Jusqu’au présent, la rareté du matériel fossile a limité la capacité de reconstruire l’histoire évolutive de la colonne cervicale. Par conséquent, en plus de l’utilisation de la morphométrie classique et de la morphométrie géométrique, nous avons aussi appliqué des méthodes statistiques basées sur les basées sur les principes de la théorie evolutive, telles que l’intégration morphologique, la modularité et les réponses sélectives, pour faire une reconstruction paléobiologique des vertèbres cervicales.Sur la base des résultats obtenus pour ces quatre études, nous avons conclu que la morphologie des vertèbres cervicales est en relation avec des facteurs posturaux et de locomotion. Ces facteurs ont pu avoir une grande influence sur les différences observées dans les patrons morphologiques et allométriques montrés par H. sapiens par rapport au reste du clade. Dans le même temps, nous avons constaté à partir des analyses d’intégration et de modularité une différence dans le patron d’intégration montré par les H. sapiens par rapport à celui des chimpanzés et des gorilles. Cette dérive des H. sapiens par rapport à ce que l’on considère être le patron ancestral, a probablement été causée par des exigences sélectives liées à l’acquisition de la bipédie. Du point de vue évolutif, nous considérons que les changements morphologiques que l’on peut observer dans la région cervicale dans le buisson évolutive humaine ne se sont pas produits simultanément. Nos résultats indiquent qu’il y a eu une stase morphologique dans les vertèbres cervicales les plus caudales (i.e., C6-C7), tandis que celles qui sont situées plus proches du crâne ont commencé à évoluer avant, et sont aussi plus dérivées.Nous avons également observé ce patron d’intégration dérivé chez l’homme moderne dans la relation entre dans les vertèbres cervicales et le crâne. De plus, l’inclusion des restes de Néandertaliens dans les analyses montre que ce patron dérivé par rapport au reste des hominidés pourrait être partagé au sein du genre Homo. Enfin, les résultats de la quatrième étude montrent que les vertèbres thoraciques sont les plus intégrées de la colonne vertébrale pré-sacrale, et que ce niveau d’intégration diminue en direction des vertèbres plus distales (C1-L5). Cette circonstance probablement due aux contraintes créées par le thorax pourrait limiter leur capacité d’évolution. Par contre, les résultats montrent que les vertèbres lombaires ont la plus grande capacité d’évolution de toute la colonne vertébrale. Cette caractéristique pourrait être mise en relation avec des facteurs fonctionnels liés à la locomotion, mais aussi avec des facteurs développementaux et même génétiques, en raison de la relation des gènes Hox avec la formation du plan corporel. De plus, nous suggérons que ce patron évolutif dans les vertèbres lombaires n’est pas exclusif aux hommes modernes, mais pourrait aussi être présent chez tous les mammifères. Ce clade montre une grande variabilité dans les modes de locomotion, une grande variation morphologique modale dans le nombre de vertèbre lombaires et de plus, tous les groupes partagent le même plan corporel ancestral basé sur l’expression des gènes Hox<br>The main objective of this doctoral dissertation is to advance in the study of the morphology and evolution of the cervical vertebrae in Hominoidea. To reach this objective we have performed four studies using bony material (vertebrae and crania) belonging to both extant hominoid species, and also including the scarce fossil remains that from sub-tribe Hominina. Up until now, the scarce fossil material has limited the capacity to reconstruct the evolutionary history of the cervical spine. Thus, on top of classical morphological studies, using both traditional and geometric morphometrics, we have also applied statistical methods based on the principles of the theory of the evolution such as morphological integration, modularity and responses to selection, as a complementary approach to the fossil record.The results obtained in these four studies indicate that the morphology of the cervical vertebrae is related to postural and locomotor factors. These factors could have influenced the differences observed in the morphological and allometric patterns showed by H. sapiens regarding the rest of the hominoids. Also, the results from the analyses of integration and modularity indicate that there are differences in the pattern of integration showed by modern humans compared to that of the non-humans hominins (Pan and Gorilla). We consider that, despite some subtle differences, chimpanzees and gorillas could represent the ancestral patten for all the hominins, from which modern humans would have evolved. This break down from the ancestral pattern could be related to the selective pressures to bipedalism. From an evolutionary point view, these morphological changes in the human lineage did not occur in all the cervical vertebrae at the same time. Indeed, our results indicate there has been a relative stasis in the most caudal cervical vertebrae (i.e., C6-C7), whereas those located in a more cranial position evolved earlier and show a more derived morphology.Similarly, the results from the analyses regarding the relationship between the cranium and the cervical region, also reveal a distinct pattern of cranium-cervical integration for modern humans. The scarce Neandertal evidence seems to be roughly consistent with the distinct pattern showed by modern humans, which suggests a shared pattern for the (late) genus Homo. Finally, the last work, based on the study of the whole pre-sacral spine, shows that the thoracic vertebrae are internally the most integrated from the entire pre-sacral vertebral column. The high level of integration in the thoracic region decreases towards the most peripherally located vertebrae (i.e., C1-L5), where integration reaches its lowest values. The high integration in this region could have limited the ability of these vertebrae to respond to selection demands, probably caused by the functional constraints produced by their articulation with the thorax. In contrast, lumbar vertebrae are the most evolvable, and this could be due to functional factors related to the bipedal locomotion mode shown by modern humans, but also to developmental and genetic factors. We suggest that this evolutive pattern in the lumbar region in modern humans could also be present in all mammals. This hypothesis is based on the large variability shown by mammals in their locomotion modes, also in the high variation in the number of lumbar vertebrae, and in the ancestral body plane they shared due to the expression of the Hox genes
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Mangan, Julia. "Reliability of Cervical Vertebrae Maturation (CVM) staging method using full versus cropped lateral cephalograms." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2018. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/3020590/.
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Tanaka, Jefferson Luis Oshiro [UNESP]. "Estudo da relação entre a análise de maturação das vértebras cervicais por meio de medidas em radiografias cefalométricas laterais e a curva de crescimento ósseo." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/98017.
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tanaka_jlo_me_sjc.pdf: 970159 bytes, checksum: a140b3dc5374016a65756a5449931155 (MD5)<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)<br>As vértebras cervicais vêm sendo cada vez mais empregadas para a análise de maturação óssea em Ortodontia e Ortopedia Funcional dos Maxilares. Visto que as mudanças que ocorrem nessas estruturas são sutis, comparou-se, por meio de medidas, sete razões obtidas nas vértebras cervicais C2, C3 e C4 em radiografias cefalométricas laterais entre as fases da curva de crescimento puberal de 95 pacientes do sexo feminino e 136 do masculino. Os resultados demonstraram que a razão 1 (C2Conc/C2PI-C2AI) difere estatisticamente entre os grupos A/B e C/D nos indivíduos do sexo masculino e entre B/C e D/E nos do feminino; a razão 2 (C3Conc/C3PI-C3AI) difere estatisticamente entre os grupos A/B/C/D nos indivíduos do sexo masculino e entre B/C e D/E nos do feminino; a razão 3 (C4Conc/C4PI-C4AI) difere estatisticamente entre os grupos B/C/D nos indivíduos do sexo masculino e entre B/C e D/E nos do feminino; a razão 4 (C3AS-C3AI/C3PS-C3PI) difere estatisticamente entre os grupos B/C nos indivíduos do sexo masculino e entre B/C/E nos do feminino; a razão 5 (Altura do corpo de C3/Comprimento do corpo de C3) difere estatisticamente entre os grupos A/C/D/E nos indivíduos do sexo masculino e entre A/C e D/E nos do feminino; a razão 6 (C4ASC4AI/ C4PS-C4PI) difere estatisticamente entre os grupos B/C nos indivíduos do sexo masculino e entre os grupos B/C/D nos do feminino; e a razão 7 (Altura do corpo de C4/Comprimento do corpo de C4) difere estatisticamente entre os grupos C/D nos indivíduos do sexo masculino e entre A/C/D nos do feminino.<br>The cervical vertebrae have been employed on the assessment of the bone maturation stage on the last years. Since the changes on these structures are subtle, seven ratios obtained from measurements on lateral cephalometric radiographs of the second, third and fourth cervical vertebrae were compared among the phases of the pubertal growth curve of 95 male and 136 female patients. The results demonstrated that ratio 1 (C2Conc/C2PI-C2AI) differs statistically between groups A/B and C/D on male subjects and between groups B/C and D/E on female subjects; ratio 2 (C3Conc/C3PI-C3AI) is statistically different among groups A/B/C/D on males and between B/C and D/E on females; ratio 3 (C4Conc/C4PI-C4AI) differs statistically among groups B/C/D on males and between B/C and D/E on females; ratio 4 (C3AS-C3AI/C3PS-C3PI) is statistically different between groups B/C on males and among B/C/E on females; ratio 5 (Height of the body of C3/Length of the body of C3) differs statistically among groups A/C/D/E on males and between A/C and D/E on females; ratio 6 (C4AS-C4AI/C4PS-C4PI) differs statistically between groups B/C on male subjects and among groups B/C/D on females; and ratio 7 (Height of the body of C4/Length of the body of C4) differs statistically between groups C/D on males and among A/C/D on females.
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吳文卓 and Man-cheuk Ng. "Functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI) of brain and cervical spinal cord." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B39557777.
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De, Beer N., L. Christelis, and der Merwe A. F. Van. "Evaluating the relationship between external markers and internal vertebral kinematics in the cervical spine." Journal for New Generation Sciences, Vol 10, Issue 3: Central University of Technology, Free State, Bloemfontein, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/614.
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Published Article<br>The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between external markers typically used in external motion capturing devices and the true vertebral kinematics in the cervical spine. Twenty one healthy subjects were subjected to low dosage X-rays in five different positions, while radio opaque markers were attached to the skin at each vertebral level. Distance and angle parameters were constructed for vertebral prediction from skin surface markers. The causes of variation in these parameters were identified by investigating the correlations of these parameters with anthropometrical variables. Strong correlations of the parameters were observed in flexion, but in extension, especially full extension, the correlations were poor to insignificant. In neutral, half flexion, and full flexion it is possible to predict the vertebral position from surface markers by using the parameters and anthropometrical variables. In half extension this prediction is less accurate and in full extension alternative methods should be investigated for external motion capturing.
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Olivier, Pierre Emile. "Isokinetic force profile of the cervical spine in a healthy adult urban South African population." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/982.
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The aim of this study was to establish reference data for the cervical spine’s dynamic force characteristics in a healthy adult urban South African population aged 19 to 69 years. The reference data was classified according to gender discriminate age categories. In total ten gender discriminate age categories, five male and five female, were created; 19 to 29, 30 to 39, 40 to 49, 50 to 59 and 60 to 69-year-olds. The force characteristics measured, analysed and used to generate reference data in stanine format were: absolute peak torque (P-), relative peak torque (P-/BW), peak power (Pow-), relative peak power (Pow-/BW), peak work (W-), relative peak work (W-/BW), torque acceleration energy (TAE-), maximal voluntary cervical muscle contraction range of motion (MVCR-), controlled full range of joint motion (CFR-), joint angle at peak torque (Jang@P-) and peak torque ratios for cervical flexion (-F), extension (-E), lateral flexion to the dominant (-LD) and non-dominant (-LN) sides. In addition biographic and anthropometric data was also collected. Data, grouped in the ten gender discriminate age categories were compared and statistically and practically significant differences were highlighted between the gender discriminate age categories. Inferential statistics used included ANOVA and Cohen’s d. A significance level of α = .05 was used in all inferential statistical analyses. Correlations between various anthropometric and isokinetic strength variables were also explored.
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Mont'Alverne, Francisco José Arruda. "Resultados da vertebroplastia percutânea na doença vertebral cervical." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5151/tde-13022009-141428/.
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A vertebroplastia percutânea (VP) consiste na injeção de polimetilmetacrilato (PMMA) no corpo vertebral para alívio da dor e estabilização vertebral, porém seu uso na região cervical é restrito. No intuito de avaliar a efetividade e a segurança da VP na região cervical (VPC), foram avaliados 75 pacientes que se submeteram à VPC (n=101) por doença maligna (n=69) ou hemangioma vertebral (n=6) no período de janeiro de 1994 a outubro de 2007. A VPC foi realizada por uma abordagem ântero-lateral guiada por fluoroscopia. A dor foi graduada por uma escala variando de 0 a 10. O seguimento clinico (período médio de 8,8 meses) foi obtido em 57 (76%) pacientes: 48 tiveram a VPC indicada para controle da dor e nove para estabilização vertebral. Os dados foram analisados de forma univariada e multivariada. A efetividade analgésica foi obtida em 37 (77,1%) dos 48 pacientes seguidos, tendo sido associada ao volume de cimento injetado (P=0,011) e ao preenchimento vertebral (P=0,007) na análise multivariada. A estabilidade vertebral foi observada em 55 (96,5%) dos 57 pacientes, não se correlacionando com as variáveis estudadas. A curva de ROC identificou o preenchimento vertebral como preditor da efetividade analgésica (P=0,008), sendo 50% o melhor ponto de corte para discriminar a maior probabilidade de efetividade analgésica (sensibilidade de 78,0% e especificidade de 62,5%). O extravasamento de cimento foi identificado em 83 (82,2%) das 101 vértebras tratadas não se correlacionando com as variáveis estudadas. As complicações clínicas foram detectadas em 13 (17,3 %) pacientes: complicações locais em 10 (13,3%) e sistêmicas em três (4%) pacientes. As complicações clínicas foram estatisticamente relacionadas à ruptura do muro posterior (P=0,026) e ao extravasamento de PMMA no plexo venoso transverso (P=0,023). A taxa de mortalidade e morbidade a longo termo foi de 1,3% (um paciente) e 1,3% (um paciente). Pode se inferir que a VPC é um procedimento efetivo e seguro, sem se negligenciar os riscos potenciais de complicações. O preenchimento vertebral e o volume de cimento foram associados à efetividade analgésica, mas não à estabilidade vertebral. O preenchimento vertebral teve o maior poder discriminatório da efetividade analgésica, tendo sido obtido com o ponto de corte de 50 % o melhor equilíbrio entre sensibilidade e especificidade para se determinar a efetividade analgésica<br>Percutaneous vertebroplasty (PV) consists of an injection of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) into the vertebral body for pain relief and spinal stabilization, however reports of PV in the cervical spine (CPV) are scarce in the literature. To evaluate the effectiveness and security of CPV, we evaluated 75 patients (mean age, 51.3 years) who underwent CPV (n=101) for malignancies (n=69) and vertebral hemangiomas (n=6) between January 1994 and October 2007. CPV was performed via an antero-lateral approach, using fluoroscopic guidance. Pain intensity was scored with a scale ranging from 0 to 10. Follow-up (mean time of 8.8 months) was avaible in 57 (76 %) patients: 48 of them had CPV indicated for pain control and nine for spinal stabilization. Data were analysed by means of univariate and multivariate analysis. Pain improvement was observed in 37 (77.1%) out of 48 followed patients and was correlated in multivariate analysis with cement volume (P=0.011) and with vertebral filling (P=0.007). Spinal stabilization was observed in 55 (96.5%) of 57 followed patients and was related with none of the evaluated variables. The ROC curve identified the vertebral filling as a good predictor of pain improvement (P=0.008). The best cut-off point to discriminate pain improvement was 50% of vertebral filling (78.0% sensitivity and 62.5% specificity). In 83 (82.2%) of the 101 treated vertebral levels, at least one type of PMMA leakage was found. None of the evaluated factors were related significantly to PMMA leakage. Clinical complications were detected in 13 (17.3%) patients: local complications in 10 (13.3%) patients and systemic clinical complications in three (4.0%) patients. Posterior wall disruption (P=0.026) and transverse venous PMMA leakage (P=0.023) were significantly associated with clinical complications. Long-term morbidity and mortality rate was 1.3% (one patient) and 1.3% (one patient). CPV is a safe and efficacious procedure, but the potential for local and systemic complications must be considered. Cement volume and vertebral filling were associated with pain improvement but not with spinal stability. Vertebral filling has a good performance to predict pain improvement and a cut-off of 50% of vertebral filing obtained the best compromise between sensitivity and specificity to discriminate pain improvement
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Lara, Tulio Silva [UNESP]. "Morfologia das 3ª e 4ª vértebras cervicais representativa do surto de crescimento da adolescência." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/95803.
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lara_ts_me_araca.pdf: 2110251 bytes, checksum: a0fe3302851e3b4440bd44f9a53c4ff3 (MD5)<br>O objetivo do presente estudo foi determinar a morfologia das 3ª e 4ª vértebras cervicais representativa dos estágios correspondentes ao pré-pico, pico e pós-pico de velocidade de crescimento estatural, definidos previamente pelos centros de ossificação do primeiro dedo em radiografias carpais ou do dedo polegar. Foram utilizadas 120 telerradiografias em norma lateral de 106 pacientes selecionados da clínica de ortodontia da Faculdade de Odontologia de Araçatuba-UNESP e Profis/HRAC-USP que apresentavam radiografias carpais ou do dedo polegar correspondentes. As telerradiografias foram divididas em três grupos de 40 radiografias de acordo com os estágios maturacionais pré-pico, pico e pós-pico definidos pela imagem do primeiro dedo. A morfologia dos corpos das 3ª e 4ª vértebras cervicais foi determinada por dois examinadores devidamente calibrados em dois tempos diferentes. Concluiu-se que o formato retangular horizontal com borda inferior reta foi representativo do estágio correspondente ao pré-pico, independentemente da vértebra analisada. Já o formato retangular horizontal com borda inferior curva, especialmente se encontrado em C4, ou o formato quadrado com borda inferior reta caracterizou o pico de velocidade de crescimento. O formato quadrado ou, principalmente, o retangular vertical com borda inferior curva determinou o estágio pós-pico de velocidade de crescimento da adolescência.<br>The purpose of this study was to determine the morphology of the third and fourth cervical vertebrae which represent the prepeak, peak and postpeak stages of statural growth, previously defined by ossification centers of the thumb in hand-wrist or thumb periapical radiographs. The sample was comprised of 120 lateral cephalometric radiographs of 106 patients from the Orthodontics Clinic of the School of Dentistry of Araçatuba - UNESP and from PROFIS /Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies-USP. All patients had hand-wrist or corresponding thumb periapical radiographs available. The lateral radiographs were divided into three groups of 40 radiographs according to the prepeak, peak and postpeak maturational stages, defined by the radiographic image of the thumb. The morphology of the third and fourth cervical vertebrae was determined by two calibrated examiners in two different times. The findings show that the horizontal, rectangular-shaped vertebra with straight lower border represented the prepeak stage, regardless of the analyzed vertebra. The horizontal, rectangular-shaped vertebra with curved lower border, mainly if found in C4, or the square-shaped vertebra with straight lower border was typical of the growth peak. The square-shaped or, mainly, the rectangular-shaped vertebra with curved lower border determined the postpeak stage of adolescent growth spurt.
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Raupp, Eduardo Gonçalves. "Validade e reprodutibilidade do instrumento flexicurva para avaliação da lordose da coluna cervical." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/128041.
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A avaliação da curvatura da coluna cervical realizada por quiropraxistas, fisioterapeutas e ortopedistas é importante para a obtenção de um resultado clínico desejável, sendo o exame de Raios-X considerado o padrão ouro e o mais utilizado na prática clínica. Entretanto, devido à sua natureza invasiva é considerado inadequado para uso repetido ao acompanhar tratamentos posturais, além das dificuldades encontradas na portabilidade do equipamento, o tempo necessário para obter e ler a imagem radiográfica e os custos relacionados ao exame. Neste sentido, pesquisadores têm buscado métodos menos invasivos, práticos e de baixo custo para diagnosticar alterações das curvaturas da coluna vertebral. Não obstante, a escolha de um instrumento deve ser baseada em parâmetros científicos como validade, repetibilidade e reprodutibilidade. O flexicurva já apresenta essas propriedades psicométricas em relação a coluna torácica e lombar, mas carece de informações sobre seu uso na coluna cervical. Essa dissertação foi dividida em dois estudos: Estudo 1 - Realizou-se uma revisão sistemática com objetivo de investigar os métodos não invasivos disponíveis para avaliar a curvatura cervical no plano sagital. A metodologia utilizada neste estudo seguiu as recomendações propostas pela Colaboração Cochrane. Dezesseis artigos foram incluídos para revisão a partir dos critérios de seleção. Na avaliação da qualidade metodológica treze dos dezesseis estudos foram considerados de alta qualidade. Um total de 5 métodos para avaliar a lordose da coluna cervical foram encontrados nos artigos revisados: (1) Fotogrametria; (2) Avaliação visual; (3) Flexicurva; (4) Sistema de digitalização 3D; (5) Sistema por ultrassom de postura 3D. Os resultados dessa revisão sistemática permitem concluir que a fotogrametria apresentou os melhores resultados de reprodutibilidade, contudo, carece de validação concorrente. A avaliação visual se mostrou não reprodutível e também carece de validação concorrente. O flexicurva demostrou resultados controversos para reprodutibilidade e a necessidade de mais estudos com diferentes pontos anatômicos para avaliação da validade concorrente. E, ambos os sistemas que avaliam a coluna cervical em 3D requerem mais estudos, além do fato de serem mais caros e complexos para aplicabilidade. Estudo 2 - No estudo de validação, os objetivos foram: (1) identificar a validade concorrente do instrumento flexicurva a partir da verificação de concordância entre os resultados do exame de Raios-X e do flexicurva; (2) verificar a reprodutibilidade intra e inter avaliador do instrumento flexicurva; e (3) identificar a capacidade diagnóstica da medida fornecida pelo instrumento flexicurva. A amostra foi composta por 118 indivíduos adultos voluntários, de ambos os sexos divididos em dois grupos: (1) grupo VAL (n= 55) participou da fase de validação concorrente; (2) grupo REP (n=58) participou da fase de avaliação da reprodutibilidade do flexicurva. Para fins de análise, os grupos VAL e REP foram divididos em sub-grupos pelo Índice de Massa Corpórea (IMC). Na análise estatística, para a validade concorrente foram utilizados: Teste de Correlação Produto-Momento de Pearson, Teste t pareado, cálculo do erro RMS e análise gráfica de Bland e Altman. Para a reprodutibilidade: Coeficiente de Correlação Intraclasse (ICC), erro padrão da medida (SEM) e o mínimo erro detectável (MDC). (<0,05). O grupo REP apresentou resultados de excelente reprodutibilidade intra avaliador (ICC= 0,771; p<0,001; SEM=4,40; MDC=8,60) e inter avaliador (ICC=0,775; p<0,001; SEM=4,30; MDC=8,50), sendo esse resultado mantido para os sub-grupos ‘baixo peso’ e ‘sobrepeso’, enquanto que no sub-grupo ‘saudável’ o resultado de reprodutibilidade foi considerado moderado. No que diz respeito à validação concorrente, o grupo VAL apresentou correlação alta entre os ângulos flexicurva e ângulos Cobb (r=0,570; p<0,001; Erro RMS=9,83º). Ainda, o sub-grupo ‘baixo peso’ apresentou correlação praticamente perfeita (r=0,926; p<0,001; Erro RMS=5,66º), o sub-grupo ‘saudável’ correlação alta (r=0,575; p<0,001; Erro RMS=9,01º), e o sub-grupo ‘sobrepeso’ não apresentou correlação (r=0,069; p=0,832). Quanto à capacidade diagnóstica, o flexicurva apresentou sensibilidade de 59% e especificidade de 44%. Conclui-se que o flexicurva mostrou-se um instrumento reprodutível para ser usado pelo mesmo avaliador assim como por diferentes avaliadores, e também se mostrou um instrumento válido para avaliar a curvatura da coluna cervical no plano sagital em indivíduos adultos classificados pelo IMC com baixo peso e saudáveis.<br>The evaluation of the curvature of the cervical spine carried out by chiropractors, physical therapists and orthopedists is important for obtaining a desired clinical result, being the X-ray examination the gold standard and the most widely used in clinical practice. However, because of its invasive nature is considered unsuitable for repeated use to monitor postural treatments, in addition difficulties in portability of the equipment, the time required to obtain and read the radiographic image and costs related to the examination. In this sense, researchers have investigated less invasive, practical and low cost methods to diagnose changes in curvature of the spine. However, the choice of a tool should be based on scientific parameters such as validity, reproducibility and repeatability. The flexicurve already has these psychometric properties with respect to the thoracic and lumbar spine, but lacks information on its use in the cervical spine. This dissertation was divided into two studies: Study 1 - We performed a systematic review in order to investigate the non-invasive methods available to evaluate the cervical curvature in the sagittal plane. The methodology used in this study followed the recommendations proposed by the Cochrane Collaboration. Sixteen articles were included for review from the selection criteria. In assessing the methodological quality thirteen of the sixteen studies were considered high quality. A total of five methods to assess the lordosis of the cervical spine were found in review articles: (1) Photogrammetry; (2) Visual assessment; (3) Flexicurve; (4) 3D scanning system; (5) 3D ultrasound posture system. The results of this systematic review showed that the photogrammetry showed the best results of reproducibility, however, lack concurrent validation. Visual assessment showed not be reproducible and also lacks concurrent validation. The flexicurve demonstrated controversial results for reproducibility and the need for more studies with different anatomical sites for evaluation of the concurrent validity. And both systems that evaluate the cervical spine in 3D require further study, and the fact they are more expensive and complex for applicability. Study 2 - In the validation study, the objectives were: (1) identify the concurrent validity of the flexicurve instrument from the concordance between the results of the examination of X-rays and flexicurve; (2) to verify the reproducibility intra and inter evaluator of flexicurve instrument; and (3) identify the diagnostic capacity of the measure provided by flexicurve instrument. The sample consisted of 118 adult volunteers individuals of both sexes divided into two groups : (1) VAL group (n=55) participated in the concurrent validation phase; (2) REP group (n=58) participated in the evaluation phase of the reproducibility of flexicurve. For analysis purposes, the VAL and REP groups were divided into sub-groups by body mass index (BMI). In statistical analysis, for concurrent validity were used: Correlation Test Product-Moment Pearson, paired t test, RMS error and graphical analysis of Bland and Altman. For reproducibility: intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), standard error of measurement (SEM) and the minimum detectable change (MDC). (<0,05). The REP group presented results of excellent reproducibility intra evaluator (ICC= 0,771; p<0,001; SEM=4,40; MDC=8,60) and inter evaluator (ICC=0,775; p<0,001; SEM=4,30; MDC=8,50), this result being maintained for sub-groups "low weight" and "overweight", while in "healthy" subgroup reproducibility of the result was considered moderate. Regarding the concurrent validation, the VAL group showed high correlation between the angles of flexicurve and Cobb angles (r=0,570; p<0,001; RMS Error=9,83º). Still, the sub-group “underweight” showed practically perfect correlation (r=0,926; p<0,001; RMS error=5,66º), the “healthy” sub-group high correlation (r=0,575; p<0,001; RMS error<9,01º), and the sub- group “overweight” showed no correlation (r=0,069; p=0,832). As for the diagnostic capacity, flexicurve had a sensitivity of 59% and specificity of 44% .In conclusion the flexicurve showed a reproducible tool to be used by the same evaluator as well as by different evaluators, and also proved a valid tool to assess curvature of the cervical spine in the sagittal plane in adults classified by BMI underweight and healthy.
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Sander, David Justin. "Use of CVM stages in assessment of young orthodontic patients to estimate growth potential." View the abstract Download the full-text PDF version, 2009. http://etd.utmem.edu/ABSTRACTS/2009-019-Sander-index.htm.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 2009.<br>Title from title page screen (viewed on September 18, 2009). Research advisor: Edward F. Harris, Ph.D. Document formatted into pages (x, 96 p. : ill.). Vita. Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 89-95).
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Nuckley, David John. "Spina accresco mechanicus : on the developmental biomechanics of the spine /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7986.
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Treleaven, Julia. "Dizziness and unsteadiness in persistent whiplash associated disorders : the role of cervical afferent dysfunction /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe.pdf.
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Lara, Tulio Silva. "Morfologia das 3ª e 4ª vértebras cervicais representativa do surto de crescimento da adolescência /." Araçatuba : [s.n.], 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/95803.
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Orientador: Francisco Antonio Bertoz<br>Banca: Terumi Okada Ozawa<br>Banca: Eduardo César Almada Santos<br>Resumo: O objetivo do presente estudo foi determinar a morfologia das 3ª e 4ª vértebras cervicais representativa dos estágios correspondentes ao pré-pico, pico e pós-pico de velocidade de crescimento estatural, definidos previamente pelos centros de ossificação do primeiro dedo em radiografias carpais ou do dedo polegar. Foram utilizadas 120 telerradiografias em norma lateral de 106 pacientes selecionados da clínica de ortodontia da Faculdade de Odontologia de Araçatuba-UNESP e Profis/HRAC-USP que apresentavam radiografias carpais ou do dedo polegar correspondentes. As telerradiografias foram divididas em três grupos de 40 radiografias de acordo com os estágios maturacionais pré-pico, pico e pós-pico definidos pela imagem do primeiro dedo. A morfologia dos corpos das 3ª e 4ª vértebras cervicais foi determinada por dois examinadores devidamente calibrados em dois tempos diferentes. Concluiu-se que o formato retangular horizontal com borda inferior reta foi representativo do estágio correspondente ao pré-pico, independentemente da vértebra analisada. Já o formato retangular horizontal com borda inferior curva, especialmente se encontrado em C4, ou o formato quadrado com borda inferior reta caracterizou o pico de velocidade de crescimento. O formato quadrado ou, principalmente, o retangular vertical com borda inferior curva determinou o estágio pós-pico de velocidade de crescimento da adolescência.<br>Abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the morphology of the third and fourth cervical vertebrae which represent the prepeak, peak and postpeak stages of statural growth, previously defined by ossification centers of the thumb in hand-wrist or thumb periapical radiographs. The sample was comprised of 120 lateral cephalometric radiographs of 106 patients from the Orthodontics Clinic of the School of Dentistry of Araçatuba - UNESP and from PROFIS /Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies-USP. All patients had hand-wrist or corresponding thumb periapical radiographs available. The lateral radiographs were divided into three groups of 40 radiographs according to the prepeak, peak and postpeak maturational stages, defined by the radiographic image of the thumb. The morphology of the third and fourth cervical vertebrae was determined by two calibrated examiners in two different times. The findings show that the horizontal, rectangular-shaped vertebra with straight lower border represented the prepeak stage, regardless of the analyzed vertebra. The horizontal, rectangular-shaped vertebra with curved lower border, mainly if found in C4, or the square-shaped vertebra with straight lower border was typical of the growth peak. The square-shaped or, mainly, the rectangular-shaped vertebra with curved lower border determined the postpeak stage of adolescent growth spurt.<br>Mestre
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Hu, Yangqiu. "Rigid, multi-rigid, and non-rigid image registration of skeletal structures /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8100.
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Salem, Walid. "La colonne cervicale de la physiologie intersegmentaire tridimensionnelle à la manipulation ostéopathique par haute vitesse basse amplitude études in vivo." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209564.
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Ce travail de thèse porte sur des études de la cinématique 3D de la colonne cervicale in vivo chez des sujets asymptomatiques (N=30); il se divise en quatre parties. La colonne cervicale de tous les sujets est reconstruite en 3D à partir des images de tomodensitométrie dans différentes positions :position neutre, rotation axiale gauche et droite et lors du positionnement pré-manipulatif de la tête.<p>La première partie de ce travail a comme objectif fondamental de déterminer la cinématique 3D inter-segmentaire de la colonne cervicale, lors de la rotation axiale maximale de la tête. Les valeurs déterminées pour tous les paramètres cinématiques 3D vont nous servir comme base de données de référence.<p>Dans la deuxième partie, nous souhaitons contribuer à une meilleure compréhension du rôle des ligaments alaires lors de la rotation axiale. Pour cela, nous avons déterminé la cinématique 3D de l’os occipital par rapport à l’axis. Même s’il est inhabituel d’ignorer l’atlas, il nous a semblé plus juste de considérer les segments osseux qui livrent les principales insertions des ligaments alaires. La biomécanique de ces ligaments dépend des mouvements de l’os occipital par rapport à l’axis.<p>La troisième partie est orientée vers l’objectif principal de la thèse qui vise à déterminer les amplitudes articulaires inter-segmentaires lors de la position pré-manipulative de la colonne cervicale. Cette étude va nous permettre de comparer les amplitudes atteintes lors de la mise en position pré-manipulative avec celles des mouvements physiologiques.<p>La dernière partie a pour objectif principal de déterminer la longueur du trajet de l’artère vertébrale en position neutre, et ensuite de comparer la variation de longueur du trajet de l’artère vertébrale entre la position en rotation axiale maximale de la tête d’une part, et la position pré-manipulative d’autre part, donc lors de l’application d’une technique manipulative à composantes multiples telle qu’utilisée régulièrement en ostéopathie.<p>En comparant la position pré-manipulative à la rotation physiologique, les résultats les plus importants de ce travail sont :(1) les amplitudes segmentaires sont inférieures pour la position pré-manipulative et (2) l’artère vertébrale est moins allongée lors de cette mise en position que lors de la rotation physiologique. Ces deux faits, jusque-là inédits, sont importants en clinique ostéopathique courante et montrent l’importance d’un choix judicieux de la technique manipulative et de son exécution.<p><br>Doctorat en Sciences de la motricité<br>info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Carter, Jarrod W. "Compressive cervical spine injury : the effect of injury mechanism on structural injury pattern and neurologic injury potential /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8010.
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Horliana, Ricardo Fidos. ""Estudo da relação entre os estágios de maturidade óssea avaliados em radiografias de mão e punho e das vértebras cervicais em telerradiografias em norma lateral"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/23/23133/tde-07062005-120824/.
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O objetivo neste estudo foi avaliar a possível relação entre os estágios de maturidade óssea avaliados em radiografias de mão e punho e das vértebras cervicais em telerradiografias em norma lateral, em indivíduos com idade média de 13 anos e 6 meses e desvio padrão de 2 anos e 3 meses (variando de 8 anos e 6 meses a 16 anos e 11 meses). A casuística foi composta por 209 conjuntos radiográficos (radiografias de mão e punho e telerradiografias em norma lateral) tomados na mesma data para cada indivíduo . Dois avaliadores, devidamente treinados e calibrados classificaram por estágios de maturidade óssea todas as radiografias, as de mão e punho segundo Helm et al, e a avaliação das vértebras cervicais nas telerradiografias em norma lateral, segundo OReilly e Yaniello (1988) e Baccetti, Franchi e McNamara (2002). Considerando a classificacão de Helm et al (1971) como padrão áureo, teste de correlação de Spearman foi aplicado para verificar relação com os dois métodos que avaliam as vértebras cervicais. Os resultados indicam que houve forte correlação entre os métodos de avaliação das vértebras cervicais e de mão e punho (Rs= 0,906 para OReilly e Yaniello(1988) e Helm et al. (1971) e Rs= 0,889 para Baccetti, Franchi e McNamara Jr (2002) e Helm et al. (1971), para todos p<0,001). A análise estatística descritiva indicou que houve maior número de ocorrências concordantes na identificação do início e do pico máximo do surto. Com base nesses resultados pode-se concluir que a avaliação da maturidade óssea pelas vértebras cervicais oferece confiabilidade para a identificação do início e pico do surto de crescimento puberal, mas não para a identificação dos estágios na fase descendente, portanto, continuar usando a radiografia de mão e punho ainda se faz imprescindível quando é necessária a identificação de algum potencial de crescimento restante .<br>The purpose of this study was to evaluate the possible relationship between the stages of skeletal maturation analyzed by means of hand-wrist radiography and cervical vertebrae in lateral cephalograms, from individuals with mean age of 13 years and 6 months, S.D. 2 years and 3 months (ranging from 8 years and 6 months to 16 years and 11 months). The sample was composed by 209 radiography sets (hand-wrist radiography and lateral cephalograms) taken in the same date for each individual. Two investigators, properly trained and calibrated, classified all the hand-wrist radiography relating them to the skeletal maturation according to Helm et al. The cervical vertebrae evaluation was performed in lateral cephalograms by means of the O'Reilly and Yaniello and Baccetti, Franchi and McNamara method. Considering the classification of Helm et al as gold standard, Spearman test correlation was applied to verify relationship with the two methods that evaluate the cervical vertebrae. The results indicated that there was strong correlation among the methods of evaluation of the cervical vertebrae and hand-wrist radiography (Rs =0,906 for O'Reilly and Yaniello and Helm et al and Rs = 0,889 for Baccetti et al and Helm et al, for all p <0,001). The descriptive statistical analysis indicated that there was larger number of concordant occurrences in the identification of the onset and maximum peak of the adolescent growth spurt. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the evaluation of the skeletal maturation by means of the cervical vertebrae method can offer reliability only for the identification of the onset and peak of adolescent growth spurt. Thus, is still indispensable to continue using the hand-wrist radiography when it is necessary the identification of some potential remaining growth.
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Martins, Mariana Martins e. "Avaliação da idade e maturação óssea em crianças cardiopatas." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2012. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=4641.
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O estudo do crescimento e desenvolvimento é essencial para a Ortodontia, pois cada criança possui um padrão único. Na presença de doenças sistêmicas como as cardiopatias, um exame mais detalhado deve ser feito, uma vez que estas podem alterar o crescimento e desenvolvimento. Um dos métodos mais utilizados nesta avaliação é a análise da calcificação dos ossos da mão e punho. Porém, as modificações no tamanho e forma das vértebras cervicais vêm sendo muito utilizadas nas últimas décadas pelo fato de ser realizada em radiografias cefalométricas laterais, rotineiramente utilizadas no diagnóstico ortodôntico. Inicialmente, os objetivos deste trabalho foram verificar a correlação entre os métodos de obtenção da idade óssea e dos estágios de maturação óssea que utilizam os indicadores presentes na região de mão e punho e os presentes nas vértebras cervicais em um grupo de crianças cardiopatas e não cardiopatas. A partir da correlação positiva e significativa, utilizou-se o método das vértebras cervicais para comparar a idade óssea, a diferença entre idade óssea e cronológica e os estágios de maturação óssea entre crianças cardiopatas e não cardiopatas. A amostra foi formada por 120 crianças com idades entre 4,83 a 14,66 anos, atendidas no Ambulatório de Pediatria do Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto. Entre estas, 73 eram cardiopatas, todas portadoras de cardiopatias congênitas cianóticas e 47 não cardiopatas, que faziam apenas acompanhamento de rotina, com idades médias de 9,3 e 8,9 anos respectivamente. A idade e maturação óssea foram verificadas através de radiografias cefalométricas laterais e carpais. A determinação da idade óssea foi realizada pelo método de Mito et al. nas radiografias cefalométricas laterais e pelo método de Greulich e Pyle nas radiografias carpais. E, os estágios de maturação óssea foram obtidos pelo método de Hassel e Farman nas radiografias cefalométricas laterais e pelo método de Singer nas radiografias carpais. A correlação entre os métodos de obtenção da idade óssea e dos estágios de maturação óssea apresentou valores positivos e significativos; tanto para o grupo cardiopata, com r = 0,478 (p<0,001) para idade óssea e r = 0,616 (p<0,001) para os estágios de maturação óssea, quanto para o grupo não cardiopata, com r = 0,366 (p=0,024) para idade óssea e r = 0,613 (p<0,001) para os estágios de maturação óssea. As idades ósseas não apresentaram diferença significativa entre os grupos (p=0,394). As diferenças entre as idades cronológicas e ósseas não apresentaram diferença significativa tanto no grupo cardiopata (p=0,418), quanto para o grupo não cardiopata (p=0,143). Também não foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre os grupos quando avaliada a quantidade de crianças que apresentavam idade óssea atrasada em relação à idade cronológica (p=0,395). O mesmo ocorreu quando avaliados os gêneros masculino (p = 0,060) e feminino (p = 0,313). A distribuição da amostra pelos estágios de maturação óssea não apresentou diferenças significativas entre os grupos (p=0,447). Os resultados do presente trabalho sugerem que a cardiopatia congênita, nesta faixa etária avaliada, não altera o padrão de maturação óssea analisado pelas vértebras cervicais.<br>The study of growth and development is essential for orthodontics, because each child has a unique pattern. In the presence of systemic diseases such as congenital heart disease, a more detailed examination must be made, since they may alter their growth and development. One of the methods used for this evaluation is bone ossification analysis of the hand and wrist region. However, changes in size and shape of the cervical vertebrae have been widely used in recent decades because it is performed in lateral cephalometric radiographs, routinely used in orthodontic diagnosis. Initially, our objectives were to assess the correlation between the methods for obtaining bone age and skeletal maturation stages using the indicators present in the hand and wrist region and in the cervical vertebrae in a group of children with and without heart disease. Based on the positive and significant correlation, the cervical vertebrae method was chosen to compare bone age, the difference between bone age and chronological and skeletal maturation stages between children with and without heart disease. The sample comprised 120 children aged 4.83 to 14.66 years, that attended the Pediatric Clinic of Pedro Ernesto University Hospital. Among these, 73 presented cyanotic congenital heart disease and 47 had no heart disease and were only on follow-up, with a mean age of 9.3 and 8.9 years respectively. The bone age and skeletal maturation were verified by lateral cephalometric radiographs and hand-wrist radiographs. The bone age determination was performed by the Mito et al. method on lateral cephalometric radiographs and by the Greulich and Pyle method on hand-wrist radiographs. The skeletal maturation stages were obtained by the Hassel and Farman method on lateral cephalometric radiographs and by the Singer method on hand-wrist radiographs. The correlation between the methods for obtaining bone age and skeletal maturation stages showed a positive and significant results, both for the heart disease group with r = 0.478 (p <0.001) for bone age and r = 0.616 (p <0.001) for skeletal maturation stages, and for non-heart disease group with r = 0.366 (p = 0.024) for bone age and r = 0.613 (p <0.001) for the skeletal maturation stages. The bone age did not differ significantly between groups (p = 0.394). The difference between chronological age and bone age showed no significant difference in both heart disease group (p = 0.418) and for non-heart disease group (p = 0.143). No significant differences were found between groups when the amount of children who had delayed bone age relative to chronological age (p = 0.395) were assessed. The same was found when males (p = 0.060) and females (p = 0.313) were evaluated. The sample distribution through skeletal maturation stages showed no significant differences between groups (p = 0.447). The results of this study suggest that congenital heart disease, in the evaluated age, does not alter skeletal maturation pattern examined by the cervical vertebrae method.
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Lin, Guanjie. "Zhui dong mai xing jing zhui bing Zhong yi yao zhi liao de yan jiu /." click here to view the abstract and table of contents, 2006. http://net3.hkbu.edu.hk/~libres/cgi-bin/thesisab.pl?pdf=b19987079a.pdf.
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Botha, René. "Demonstrating the cervicothoracic junction : a comparison of two techniques." Thesis, Bloemfontein : Central University of Technology, Free State, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/113.
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Thesis (M. Tech.) -- Central University of Technology, Free State, 2008<br>Motivated by the challenges associated with demonstrating the cervicothoracic junction, a study was conducted at Pelonomi Regional Hospital from May 2006 to June 2007. In this study, two projections of the cervicothoracic junction were done, with the only difference between them being the orientation of the arms. One projection was done using the swimmer’s projection and the other using an adaptation of the swimmer’s projection where the orientation of the arms was reversed. The sample, consisting of 45 patients, was referred from the emergency department and wards. Most of the patients (95.5%) were examined using a computed radiography system providing digital images that were printed using a laser film printer. Other patients were examined using conventional film/screen systems. The objectives of this study were to compare the two imaging techniques with reference to diagnostic quality of the projections, diagnosis of pathology and repeat rate.
Radiographers obtained the two projections of the cervical spine; the researcher collected the images and distributed these to three participating radiologists on a rotational basis. The radiologists evaluated the films using a set of criteria; a biostatistician analysed the results of these evaluations.
In all the criteria of image quality the swimmer’s projection showed better results. There were also, however, instances where the adapted swimmer’s had better results. The differences in percentages were not significant enough to show any statistical difference between the resultant images of the two techniques. No valid deduction could be made in relation to the demonstration of pathology due to variable instances of pathology evaluated by the radiologists. The repeat rate of the adapted swimmer’s projection compared well with the swimmer’s projection.
Though the swimmer’s projection had better results for most of the criteria used in this study, no unequivocal, statistically significant evidence of it demonstrating C7-T1 better could be found. What was evident was the validity of the adapted swimmer’s projection as an alternative under certain conditions. Knowing that there is an alternative method to visualising the C7- T1 junction could be beneficial not only to radiography, but also to our patients. In cases where the swimmer’s projection is not possible due to extremity injuries, an alternative arm orientation can be useful. The alternative can also address the problem regarding multiple repeats of the swimmer’s projection.
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Marcantonio, Graziano. "Development of framework for the manufacture of customized titanium cervical cage implants using additive manufacturing." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86243.
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Thesis (MEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Neck pain is a common phenomenon that occurs in a large percentage of the
population every day. While many occurrences are not deemed critical such
as those from muscle strain which can be treated with rest and pain medication,
others due to sports injuries, whiplash from car accidents, bad posture or
degeneration of the intervertebral disc can be quite severe. In extreme cases
failure of the vertebra(e) or the intervertebral disc requires surgery and possibly
the use of cervical implants.
Where intervertebral discs fail due to herniation or Degenerative Disc Disease
(DDD), Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion (ACDF) is a common surgical
method used to remove the a ected disc and replace it with a cervical
cage implant. These implants are designed to restore the height between the
vertebrae, allowing bone from both vertebrae to grow through them and mineralise.
Additive Manufacturing (AM) technologies can produce parts with
complex geometries not possible using conventional manufacturing methods.
This design freedom, coupled with CT scans of a patient, allow for tailoring an
implant to the speci c anatomy of the a ected vertebrae using CAD software.
Such an approach must be regulated and shown to be technically and commercially
feasible before it can be implemented in industry. This study sought to
develop a framework for manufacturing customized cervical cage implants using
additive manufacturing. The e cacy of customization to reduce the risk of
subsidence was investigated by means of non-destructive and destructive mechanical
testing on six cadaver specimens, using readily available PEEK cage
implants as a benchmark. The results showed that the customized implant was
comparable to the PEEK, with no statistically signi cant di erence between
the two. In extreme cases, where PEEK implants cannot be used, customized
implants could be a suitable alternative to reduce the risk of subsidence.
A manufacturing cost analysis was conducted to determine economic feasibility.
The estimated cost and selling price of the customized implants under
various utilization scenarios and mark-ups was compared to readily available
PEEK implants. The estimated selling prices of the customized implants compared
favourably to the PEEK verifying the economic viability of using AM.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Nek pyn is 'n algemene verskynsel wat daagliks na tevore kom in die bevolking.
Baie gevalle word nie as krities geklasi seer nie soos byvoorbeeld spier
pyn wat behandel kan word deur genoegsame rus en pyn medikasie. Pyn wat
deur sportbeserings, sweepslag beserings 'whiplash' tydens motor ongelukke,
verkeerde postuur, of deur slytasie van 'n intervertebrale skyf veroorsaak is,
word dikwels as ernstig geklasi seer. In ekstreme gevalle waar die werwel(s) of
die inervertebrale skyf(we) faal, sal chirurgie en servikale inplantate moontlik
nodig wees.
Waneer intervertebrale skywe faal weens herniatie of Degeneratiewe Skyf Siekte
(DDD) kan 'n algemene chirurgiese metode, Anterieure Servikale Discectomie
en Fusie (ACDF), gebruik word om die gea ekteerde skyf te verwyder en dit
te vervang met 'n servikale samesmelting implantaat. Hierdie implantate herstel
die hoogte tussen rugwerwels en is ontwerp sodat die been deur dit kan
groei en mineraliseer. Komplekse geometrieë kan vervaardig word deur toevoegingsvervaardiging
(AM) tegnologieë. Die ontwerp vryheid, gepaard met
CT-skanderings en CAD-sagteware stel mens in staat om die geometrie van
die implantaat aan te pas tot die spese eke anatomie van die gea ekteerde
vertebra.
So 'n benadering moet gereguleer word en eers tegnies en kommersieel uitvoerbaar
bewys word voordat dit in die bedryf geïmplementeer kan word. Hierdie
studie poog verder om 'n raamwerk vir die vervaardiging van persoonlike
servikale implantate deur middel van toevoegingsvervaardiging te ontwikkel.
Die doeltre endheid van persoonlike implantate om te verhoed dat die chirurg
die eind-plaat beskadig, en sodoende die risiko van insakking te verminder, is
ondersoek deur middel van meganiese toetse op ses kadawer monsters. Hierdie
toetse is gedoen met behulp van geredelik beskikbaar PEEK servikale implantate
as 'n maatstaf.
Die resultate het getoon dat die persoonlike- en PEEK implantate vergelykbaar
is. In moontlike gevalle waar PEEK implantate nie geskik sou wees nie,
kan persoonlike implantate 'n alternatiewe opsie wees om die risiko van insakking
te verminder.
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Tanaka, Jefferson Luis Oshiro. "Estudo da relação entre a análise de maturação das vértebras cervicais por meio de medidas em radiografias cefalométricas laterais e a curva de crescimento ósseo /." São José dos Campos : [s.n.], 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/98017.
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Orientador: Edmundo Medici Filho<br>Banca: Emiko Saito Arita<br>Banca: Julio Cezar de Melo Castilho<br>Resumo: As vértebras cervicais vêm sendo cada vez mais empregadas para a análise de maturação óssea em Ortodontia e Ortopedia Funcional dos Maxilares. Visto que as mudanças que ocorrem nessas estruturas são sutis, comparou-se, por meio de medidas, sete razões obtidas nas vértebras cervicais C2, C3 e C4 em radiografias cefalométricas laterais entre as fases da curva de crescimento puberal de 95 pacientes do sexo feminino e 136 do masculino. Os resultados demonstraram que a razão 1 (C2Conc/C2PI-C2AI) difere estatisticamente entre os grupos A/B e C/D nos indivíduos do sexo masculino e entre B/C e D/E nos do feminino; a razão 2 (C3Conc/C3PI-C3AI) difere estatisticamente entre os grupos A/B/C/D nos indivíduos do sexo masculino e entre B/C e D/E nos do feminino; a razão 3 (C4Conc/C4PI-C4AI) difere estatisticamente entre os grupos B/C/D nos indivíduos do sexo masculino e entre B/C e D/E nos do feminino; a razão 4 (C3AS-C3AI/C3PS-C3PI) difere estatisticamente entre os grupos B/C nos indivíduos do sexo masculino e entre B/C/E nos do feminino; a razão 5 (Altura do corpo de C3/Comprimento do corpo de C3) difere estatisticamente entre os grupos A/C/D/E nos indivíduos do sexo masculino e entre A/C e D/E nos do feminino; a razão 6 (C4ASC4AI/ C4PS-C4PI) difere estatisticamente entre os grupos B/C nos indivíduos do sexo masculino e entre os grupos B/C/D nos do feminino; e a razão 7 (Altura do corpo de C4/Comprimento do corpo de C4) difere estatisticamente entre os grupos C/D nos indivíduos do sexo masculino e entre A/C/D nos do feminino.<br>Abstract: The cervical vertebrae have been employed on the assessment of the bone maturation stage on the last years. Since the changes on these structures are subtle, seven ratios obtained from measurements on lateral cephalometric radiographs of the second, third and fourth cervical vertebrae were compared among the phases of the pubertal growth curve of 95 male and 136 female patients. The results demonstrated that ratio 1 (C2Conc/C2PI-C2AI) differs statistically between groups A/B and C/D on male subjects and between groups B/C and D/E on female subjects; ratio 2 (C3Conc/C3PI-C3AI) is statistically different among groups A/B/C/D on males and between B/C and D/E on females; ratio 3 (C4Conc/C4PI-C4AI) differs statistically among groups B/C/D on males and between B/C and D/E on females; ratio 4 (C3AS-C3AI/C3PS-C3PI) is statistically different between groups B/C on males and among B/C/E on females; ratio 5 (Height of the body of C3/Length of the body of C3) differs statistically among groups A/C/D/E on males and between A/C and D/E on females; ratio 6 (C4AS-C4AI/C4PS-C4PI) differs statistically between groups B/C on male subjects and among groups B/C/D on females; and ratio 7 (Height of the body of C4/Length of the body of C4) differs statistically between groups C/D on males and among A/C/D on females.<br>Mestre
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Janes, Jennifer Gail. "THE ROLES OF ORTHOPAEDIC PATHOLOGY AND GENETIC DETERMINANTS IN EQUINE CERVICAL STENOTIC MYELOPATHY." UKnowledge, 2014. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gluck_etds/16.
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Cervical stenotic myelopathy (CSM) is an important musculoskeletal and neurologic disease of the horse. Clinical disease occurs due to malformations of the vertebrae in the neck causing stenosis of the cervical vertebral canal and subsequent spinal cord compression. The disease is multifactorial in nature, therefore a clearer understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of CSM will allow for improved management and therapeutic practices. This thesis examines issues of equine CSM diagnosis, skeletal tissue pathology, and inherited genetic determinants utilizing advances in biomedical imaging technologies and equine genomics. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data provided a more complete assessment of the cervical column through image acquisition in multiple planes. First, MRI was compared to standing cervical radiographs for detection of stenosis. Using canal area or the cord canal area ratio, MRI more accurately predicted sites of compression in CSM cases. Secondly, articular process skeletal pathology localized on MRI was found to be more frequent and severe in CSM horses compared to controls. In addition, lesions were generalized throughout the cervical column and not limited to the spinal cord compression sites. A subset of lesions identified on MRI was evaluated using micro-CT and histopathology. Osteochondrosis, osseous cyst-like structures, fibrous tissue replacement of bone, and osteosclerosis were observed. These lesions support likely developmental aberrations of vertebral bone and cartilage maturation with secondary biomechanical influences. Bone cyst-like structures are a novel finding in this disease. Finally, the long-standing question of the contribution of genetic determinants to CSM was investigated using a genome wide association study (GWAS). Multiple significant loci were identified supporting the influence of a complex genetic trait in clinical disease. A simple Mendelian trait controlled by one gene is unlikely given the detection of variants across multiple chromosomes. Major contributions from this research include documentation of articular process bone and cartilage pathology in horses with CSM, support for abnormal cervical vertebrae development being an important contributing factor in the etiology and/or pathogenesis of equine CSM, and evidence that multiple genetic loci contribute to the CSM disease phenotype.
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Yamazaki, Marcos Shinao. "Avaliação do Índice de Maturação das Vértebras Cervicais em radiografias cefalométricas laterais, tomadas com diferentes posicionamentos de cabeça." Universidade Metodista de São Paulo, 2010. http://tede.metodista.br/jspui/handle/tede/1275.
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Previous issue date: 2010-04-20<br>This study aimed to evaluate the growth phase in a sample of 49 patients, with ages ranging from 9 to 15 years old, observing the cervical vertebrae on lateral radiographs taken in natural head position (NHP) and positioning errors, with head inclination up to 15° (NHP-High) and 15° down (NHP-Low), to define how important this is in the accuracy assessment phase of growth. The weighted kappa test showed a substantial degree of agreement between NHP and NHP High and between NHP and NHP-Low. Since the nonparametric test of wilcoxon (p <0.05) showed statistically significant difference between these comparisons. Thus, the NHP showed to be more reliable in assessing the cervical vertebrae maturation (CVM), furthermore the radiographs with positioning accuracy evaluated did not show statistically significant with the PNC.(AU)<br>Este trabalho teve como finalidade avaliar a fase de crescimento em uma amostra de 49 pacientes, com idades variando de 9 a 15 anos, observando as vértebras cervicais em radiografias laterais, tomadas na posição natural de cabeça (PNC) e com erros de posicionamento, com inclinações de cabeça de 15o para cima (PNC-Alta) e de 15 o para baixo (PNC-Baixa), visando definir o quão importante isto é na precisão da avaliação da fase de crescimento. O teste kappa ponderado mostrou um grau de concordância substancial entre PNC e PNC-Alta e entre PNC e PNC-Baixa. Já o teste não paramétrico de wilcoxon (p<0,05) mostrou diferença estatisticamente significante entre essas comparações. Desta forma, a PNC demonstrou ser mais confiável na avaliação do Índice de Maturação das Vértebras Cervicais (IMVC), porém as telerradiografias com erro de posicionamento avaliadas não tiveram um grau de discordância que indicasse sua não utilização na clínica para predição de crescimento.(AU)
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Ye, Guohua. "Shen jing gen xing jing zhui bing sheng huo zhi su tiao cha ji qi shou fa zhi liao yan jiu /." click here to view the abstract and table of contents, 2006. http://net3.hkbu.edu.hk/~libres/cgi-bin/thesisab.pl?pdf=b20009549a.pdf.
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林冠傑. "椎動脈型頸椎病中醫藥治療的研究". HKBU Institutional Repository, 2006. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/746.
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范紀安. "椎動脈型頸椎病內服中藥治療規律的文獻研究". HKBU Institutional Repository, 2012. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/1335.
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Morphett, Adrian. "Workplace analysis for regional pain syndrome the development and application of posture measurement model and cervical assessement tools for reducing the risk of regional pain syndrome /." Swinburne Research Bank, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.3/67282.
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Thesis (PhD) - Swinburne University of Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Sciences, 2009.<br>A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, 2009. Typescript. "February 2009". Includes bibliographical references (p. 291-313)
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Silva, Fabiane Louly Baptista Santos. "Avaliação cefalométrica do crescimento craniofacial em crianças leucodermas brasileiras, com má oclusão de Classe II durante as fases de crescimento determinadas pela maturação das vértebras cervicais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/25/25134/tde-18082010-102325/.
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As características do crescimento craniofacial dos indivíduos portadores de má oclusão de Classe II na fase de crescimento, são de intenso interesse dos ortodontistas por esta má oclusão representar uma alta porcentagem dos casos em tratamento nos consultórios. Esta investigação objetivou estudar cefalométrica e comparativamente o crescimento craniofacial em crianças leucodermas portadoras de má oclusão de Classe II e de Oclusão Normal. Foram utilizadas 148 telerradiografias em norma lateral de 78 meninos e 70 meninas, faixa etária dos 7 aos 12 anos, portadores de má oclusão de Classe II, e 60 telerradiografias em norma lateral de 30 meninas e 30 meninos com Oclusão Normal. As amostras foram divididas considerando-se o estágio da maturação das vértebras cervicais pelo método de Hassel e Farman(HASSEL; FARMAN 1995), estando os grupos nos níveis Iniciação(I), Aceleração (A) e Transição (T) do desenvolvimento esquelético. Foram utilizadas as grandezas SNA, A-Nperp e Co-A para avaliar o componente maxilar; SNB, P-Nperp, Co-Gn, Co-Go e Go-Gn para o componente mandibular; ANB representou a relação maxilomandibular; SN.GoGn, FMA, NS.Gn, BaN.PtGn e ENA-Me para o componente vertical, e o ângulo da base do crânio representado por NS.Ba. O teste t independente foi aplicado: entre os grupos para verificar a precocidade dos índices entre os gêneros; em cada grupo e índice nos gêneros feminino e no masculino; na comparação entre os grupos em cada índice nos gêneros feminino e no masculino; na comparação entre os grupos na fase IT (Iniciação Transição) em cada gênero. Os resultados mostraram: precocidade do índice A (aceleração) no gênero feminino do grupo de Classe II. Na comparação entre os gêneros do grupo de Classe II no nível I, as medidas de Co-A, Co-Gn, Go- Gn e ENA-Me foram maiores no gênero masculino, que também apresentaram significância estatística no nível A, acompanhado de um maior FMA; no nível T, apenas Co-Gn e ENA-Me foram maiores no grupo de Classe II do gênero masculino. Na comparação entre os gêneros do grupo de Oclusão Normal no nível I, as medidas de FMA e NS.Gn foram maiores no gênero masculino, que também apresentaram significância estatística no nível A, acompanhados do Co-A, SNB, PNPerp, Co-Gn e ENA-Me, enquanto o gênero feminino apresentou maior valor de NSBa; no nível T, apenas Co-Go foi estatisticamente maior no gênero masculino. Na comparação entre os grupos do gênero feminino e nível I, o grupo de Classe II apresentou significância estatística para as variáveis A-Nperp, Co-Go, ANB, SN.GoGn, NS.Gn, BaN.PtGn, ENA-Me e NSBA; na fase A, as medidas Co-Go, ANB, NS.Gn, ENA-Me e NSBa foram maiores no grupo de Classe II que apresentou menor BaN.PtGn; na fase T, apenas Co-Go e BaN.PtGn permaneceram significantes para o grupo de Classe II. Na comparação entre os grupos do gênero masculino e nível I, as variáveis SNB, Co-Gn, Co-Go, ANB, ENA-Me e NSBa foram maiores no grupo de Classe II; no nível A, apenas SNB, ANB e BaNPtGn foram significantes, e permaneceram também no nível T. Avaliando os grupos do gênero feminino na fase IT, as variáveis A-Nperp e Co-Go foram maiores no grupo de Classe II, acompanhados de deficiente relação entre as bases ósseas (ANB), um padrão de crescimento mais vertical (SN.GoGn, NS.Gn, BaN.PtGn, ENA-Me) e maior deflexão da base do crânio (NSBa). Na comparação entre os grupos do gênero masculino na fase IT, o grupo de Classe II apresentou maior retrusão mandibular (SNB), maior ANB, tendência de crescimento craniofacial vertical (BaN.PtGn) e maior deflexão da base do crânio (NSBa). Ficou explícito que a má oclusão de Classe II não se auto corrige, que o crescimento é indomável, imutável e individual, regido pela soberania da genética que é responsável pelo estabelecimento e manutenção do padrão facial durante a vida. Sustentando a intervenção terapêutica nestes níveis de grande expectativa de crescimento determinado pela maturação esquelética, o ortodontista terá a pretensão de contrariar a genética e corrigir a discrepância esquelética presente na Classe II. Essa concepção deverá estar edificada sobre a soberania do crescimento para que o ortodontista vise a prática mais lógica e menos frustrante, sabendo superar as limitações dos resultados, mesmo diante de tratamentos ortopédicos bem sucedidos.<br>Craniofacial growth characteristics of individuals with Class II malocclusion at the stage of growth are of intense interest os Orthodontists for this malocclusion represents a high percentage of cases where treatment in clinics. The purpose of this study was to compare the craniofacial growth changes through 148 (78 males and 70 females) lateral cephalograms of untreated subjects with Class II Division 1 malocclusion, at a mean age of 10,03 years, with those lateral cephalograms of 60 (30 males ans 30 females) subjects with normal occlusion, at a mean age of 10 years, divided by stages of development (Initiation, Acceleration and Transition) as defined by a biological indicator of cervical vertebrae skeletal maturity (HASSEL; FARMAN 1995). Cephalometric measurements in Class II and Normal Occlusion evaluated was SNA, A-Nperp, Co-A, SNB, P-Nperp, Co-Gn, Co-Go, Go-Gn, ANB, SN.GoGn, FMA, NS.Gn, BaN.PtGn, ENA-Me and NS.Ba. Statistical comparision of the growth changes in the study groups, stages os development and gender were performed with independent t test. Evaluating the Class II group, mens presented Co-A, Co-Gn, Go-Gn and ENA-Me larger at stage I and at stage A accompanied by greater FMA; in stage T, just Co-Gn and ENA-Me were the largest group of Class II of male gender. Evaluating the Normal Occlusion group, mens presented FMA, NSGn larger at stage I and at stage A, accompanied by greater Co-A, SNB, P-Nperp, Co-Gn and ENA-Me, while the female gender has greater value of NSBa; at stage T, only Co-Go was statistically higher in mens gender. In the comparision between the groups of female gender and stage I, the group Class II presented statistical significance for the variables A-Nperp, Co-Go, ANB, SN.GoGn, NS.Gn, BaN.PtGn, ENA-Me e NSBA; at stage A, Co-Go, ANB, NS.Gn, ENA-Me and NSBa were the largest group of Class II that had less BaN.PtGn; at stage T, just Co-Go and BaN.PtGn remained significant for the group Class II. In the comparision between the groups of male gender and stage I, the group Class II presented statistical significance for the variables SNB, Co-Gn, Co-Go, ANB, ENA-Me and NSBa; at stage A, just SNB, ANB and BaNPtGn were significant, and remained in stage T. Evaluating the female gender groups in phase IT, the variables A-Nperp and Co-Go were the largest group of Class II, accompanied by poor relations between the bases described by ANB, more vertical growth pattern (SN.GoGn, NS.Gn, BaN.PtGn, ENA-Me) and greater NSBa. In the comparision between the groups of male gender in phase IT, the group Class II presented greater SNB, ANB, vertical craniofacial growth trend (BaN.PtGn) and greater deflexion at the base of the skull (NSBa).
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葉國華. "神經根型頸椎病生活質素調查及其手法治療研究". HKBU Institutional Repository, 2006. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/762.
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Azevedo, Alana de Cassia Silva. "Estimativa de idade por meio da avaliação do desenvolvimento dentário e ósseo em jovens brasileiros." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/23/23153/tde-04032017-113115/.
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A estimativa de idade em indivíduos vivos representa um desafio com significativa importância nos âmbitos civil e penal. O estudo de estruturas do corpo humano para estimar a idade cronológica norteia-se na avaliação dos acontecimentos que transcorrem durante os processos de crescimento e desenvolvimento, uma vez que, comumente, apresentam uma sequência lógica e constante. A literatura mundial sugere uma abordagem multifatorial para o processo de estimativa da idade em indivíduos vivos, ou seja, a avaliação do desenvolvimento de mais de um local anatômico. Nessa perspectiva, os objetivos da primeira fase do estudo consistiram em validar o método de estimativa de idade por meio dos índices radiográficos oro-cervicais em brasileiros, além de verificar a relação entre idade real e idade estimada com a aplicação dos índices radiográficos. Na segunda etapa, objetivou-se verificar a efetividade das equações de estimativa de idade pelo exame dos dentes elaboradas por Chaillet e Demirjian (2004) e as equações para estimar a idade pelo exame das vértebras cervicais apresentadas por Caldas et al. (2007a). Por fim, o último objetivo foi elaborar novas equações para estimativa da idade real associando dados dentários e medidas cervicais dos métodos anteriores. A amostra avaliada foi composta por radiografias panorâmicas e telerradiografias pertencentes a 510 indivíduos com idades entre 08 e 24,9 anos. Durante a primeira fase da pesquisa, foram aplicados métodos de estimativa de idade por meio da avaliação do desenvolvimento de sete dentes mandibulares, vértebras cervicais e terceiros molares. Logo após, as técnicas aplicadas previamente foram combinadas por meio dos índices radiográficos: o escore radiográfico oro-cervical simplificado (EROCS) e o escore radiográfico oro-cervical simplificado sem o terceiro molar (EROCSSTM). No decorrer da segunda fase, avaliou-se a maturação dentária, atribuiu-se a pontuação referente a cada dente e a idade real foi estimada por meio de equações de regressão de Chaillet e Demirjian (2004). Em relação às vértebras cervicais, foram realizadas medidas dos corpos vertebrais e os valores substituídos nas fórmulas propostas por Caldas et al. (2007a). Os achados do estudo indicaram que entre os escores radiográficos, o EROCS apresentou taxa de acerto geral igual a 67,4% e uma relação moderada com a idade cronológica, sendo o coeficiente de determinação (R2) equivalente a 0,64; para o EROCSSTM a taxa de acerto correspondeu a 70,8% e R2 igual a 0,62. Ao aplicar a metodologia de Chaillet e Demirjian (2004) para os dentes, o erro médio foi igual a 1,3 anos, e o método de Caldas et al. (2007a) para as vértebras cervicais obteve um erro médio de 1,9 anos. As variáveis dentárias e as medidas das cervicais foram associadas e novas equações de regressão foram desenvolvidas para a amostra de brasileiros, apresentando um erro médio igual a 1,0 ano. Por fim, tem-se que os índices radiográficos oro-cervicais foram de fácil execução após um treinamento adequado, reprodutíveis e passíveis de utilização na prática forense. Além disso, recomenda-se o uso das novas equações elaboradas neste estudo ao associar dados das vértebras cervicais com informações do desenvolvimento dentário para obtenção de estimativas de idade com maior acurácia.<br>The age estimation in living subjects is a challenge with significant importance in civil and criminal areas. The study of human body structures to estimate the chronological age is guided by the evaluation of events which happens during the processes of growth and development, since they have a constant and logic sequence. The worldwide literature has suggested a multifactorial approach to age estimation in living subjects which is the evaluation of development of more than one anatomical location. In this sense, the objectives of the first phase of the study consisted in validate the age estimation method through oro-cervical radiographic indexes in Brazilians and identify the relationship between real age and estimated age with application of radiographic indexes. The second phase of study aimed to verify the effectiveness of age estimation equations proposed by Chaillet and Demirjian (2004) through dental exams, and evaluated Caldas et al. (2007a) age estimation equations using cervical vertebrae. The last aim was to develop new equations for estimating the real age associating dental data and cervical measures of previous methods. The sample comprised panoramic radiographs and teleradiography belonging to 510 subjects, aged 08 to 24.9 years old. During the first phase of the research, age estimation methods were applied by assessing the development of seven mandibular teeth, cervical vertebrae and third molars. Then, the techniques used previously have been combined by radiographic indexes: the Oro-Cervical Radiographic Simplified Score (OCRSS) and Oro-Cervical Radiographic Simplified Score without Wisdom Teeth (OCRSSWWT). During the second phase, evaluated the dental maturation, assigned the score to each tooth and the real age was estimated by regression equations of Chaillet and Demirjian (2004). Regarding the cervical vertebrae, measurements were made of vertebral bodies and the values were used in formulas proposed by Caldas et al. (2007a). The findings of study show that between radiographic scores, the OCRSS presented a positive rate of 67.4% and a moderate relationship with chronological age with a coefficient of determination (R2) equivalent to 0.64; for EROCSSTM the hit rate was 70.8% and R2 of 0.62. Chaillet and Demirjian\'s technique was applied for dental age estimation, which showed an average error of 1.3 years and the method of Caldas et al. (2007a) was applied for cervical vertebrae age estimation with an average error of 1.9 years. Dental variables and measurements of cervical vertebrae were associated and new regression equations were developed for Brazilians, and the average error of equations developed in the study was 1.0 year. Finally, the method with radiographic indexes was easy to perform after adequate training, reliable and can be used in forensic practice. In addition, the use of new equations presented in this study is recommended because associating cervical vertebrae data with dental development allowed age estimates with greater accuracy.
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Ciocanel, Despina E. "Atlantoaxial instability : biomechanical evaluation of T-Plate versus transarticular screw fixation." Connect to full-text via OhioLINK ETD Center, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=mco1116798081.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Medical College of Ohio, 2005.<br>"In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Biomedical Sciences." Major advisor: Nabil Ebraheim. Includes abstract. Document formatted into pages: iii, 57 p. Title from title page of PDF document. Bibliography: pages 35-42,49-56.
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DI, VECE LUCA. "A study into the clinical effects of the rapid palatal expansion." Doctoral thesis, Università di Siena, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11365/1022996.
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This thesis contains different studies on the effects of the rapid palatal expansion.The purpose of this thesis is to investigate some of the effects of palatal expansion which are still unaddressed in literature.
The first part of the thesis, after a brief introduction to the transverse maxillary contraction and palatal expansion, will outline the results of clinical trials that relate to the non-orthodontic effects that palatal expansion may have on: cervical vertebrae, posture and upper airways.The second part will show the first results, from an orthodontical point of view, of a multicentric randomized clinical trial designed to analyze the possible different effects of palatal expander anchored on deciduous or permanent teeth.
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Gensel, John Carib. "Modeling and treatment of rat cervical spinal cord injury." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1167753874.
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陳永光. "頸性失眠的中醫藥治療研究". HKBU Institutional Repository, 2007. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/844.
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