Relevant bibliographies by topics / Cervical vertebrae

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Academic literature on the topic 'Cervical vertebrae'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 August 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Cervical vertebrae"

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Rakesh Ranjan, Md. Zahid Hussain, Soni Kumari, Vijay Kumar Singh, and Rashmi Prasad. "The morphology and incidence of the accessory foramen transversarium in human dried cervical vertebrae as well as their clinical significance in the Eastern Indian population." Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 13, no. 8 (August 1, 2022): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v13i8.43777.

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Background: A characteristic feature of the cervical vertebrae (C1–C7) is the presence of a foramen tranversarium on the transverse process. The cervical vertebrae are the smallest in size as compared to the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae and are characterized by a foramen in each transverse process, which is not found in any other vertebra. Except for the seventh cervical vertebra, which transmits only the vertebral vein, this foramen transmits the vertebral artery, vein, and sympathetic nerves (a branch from the cervicothoracic ganglion) in all cervical vertebrae. Any deviation in the development of the foramen transversarium (FT) causes changes in the course, relationships, and structure (stenosis and lumen narrowing) of the vertebral artery and its associated structures. Aims and Objectives: The aims of this study were to establish the location, shape, size, and incidence of accessory FT in dry humancervical vertebrae of Eastern Indian population. Materials and Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted on 170 dry cervical vertebrae (Typical-123 and Atypical-47) of unknown sex and age after getting approval from the Institutional Ethics Committee. Range, frequencies, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and P value were calculated. P<0.05 was taken as significant. Results: The foramen tranversarium in the transverse process is present in all 170 cervical vertebrae examined. Of the 170 cervicalvertebrae, the accessory FT is found in 24 (14.12%) of the vertebrae. In both typical and atypical cervical vertebrae, the accessory FT is more common on the right side. On the axis vertebra, no accessory FT was found. Conclusion: Understanding the accessary FT and the considerable variation in different cervical vertebrae (C1-C7) in terms of their size, shape, and number of FT are essential for routine spine surgical procedures in the cervical region to avoid post-operative complications. This study is also important for the teaching and acknowledgement of undergraduate and postgraduate students in anatomy as well as in orthopedics, neurosurgery, and radiology departments.
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Murugan, Magi, and Suman Verma. "A study on variations of foramen transversarium of cervical vertebrae." National Journal of Clinical Anatomy 03, no. 01 (January 2014): 04–07. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1700714.

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Abstract Background and aims: Foramen transversarium of cervical vertebra is a bony enclosure for the vertebral artery. These foramina are known to exhibit variations in size, shape and may be multiple in number or absent. The aim of this study is to record these variations of foramen transversarium of cervical vertebrae. Material and methods: This study was carried out on 150 cervical vertebrae available in the department of anatomy at Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences. Results: Among 150 cervical vertebrae, 19 vertebrae were found to possess double foramina transversaria. Among these 15 were typical and four were atypical vertebrae. Among 15 typical cervical vertebra 12 (80%) had double foramina on right side, one (6.6%) on left side and two (13.3%) bilaterally. Among four atypical vertebra three (75%) possessed double foramina on right side and one (25%) bilaterally. In one typical vertebra there was an enmeshed foramen. Conclusions: The knowledge of these variations is important for radiologists in interpreting computed tomographs and magnetic resonance images.
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Rathnakar, Pretty, and Remya K. "STUDY OF ACCESSORY FORAMEN TRANSVERSARIA IN CERVICAL VERTEBRAE." Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU 03, no. 04 (December 2013): 097–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1703711.

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AbstractThe cervical vertebrae presents foramen transversaria in each transverse process. In all but the seventh cervical vertebra, the foramen normally transmits vertebral artery and vein and a branch from the cervicothoracic ganglion.140 cervical vertebrae were studied. Variations were noticed in the number of foramen transversarium unilaterally and bilaterally. Variations in foramen transversarium may indicate the variation in course of vertebral arteries
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Zehtabvar, Omid, Ali Reza Vajhi, Amir Rostami, Ali Reza Vosoogh Afkhami, Somaye Davudypoor, Marzie Gholikhani, and Seyed Hossein Modarres. "Morphometric and Normal 2D CT Anatomic Study of the Vertebral Column of the European Pond Turtle (Emys orbicularis)." Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine 17, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 53–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/ijvm.17.1.1005235.

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Background: European pond turtle is one of the two species of freshwater turtles in Iran. Regarding clinical examinations and diagnostic imaging techniques, it is necessary to have complete anatomical information on this turtle. Objectives: This study provided complete morphometric and normal two-dimensional computerized tomographic scanning information of the vertebrae of European pond turtles. Methods: Ten European pond turtles were used in this study. Computerized tomography (CT) scans were taken from each anesthetized turtle. Then, morphometric parameters were measured in the CT scans of the vertebral column. Results: Atlas was the shortest of the cervical vertebrae, and the eighth cervical vertebra was shorter than the previous vertebrae. The articular surface of the caudal articular processes of the eighth cervical vertebra was bent, and these surfaces were almost vertical. Transverse process width had remained constant in the cervical vertebrae. The transverse process was not observed in the dorsal vertebrae. The first dorsal vertebra had a different shape than others. Conclusion: The particular shape of the last two cervical vertebrae, especially the arched shape of the eight vertebrae. The seventh and eighth cervical vertebrae have the largest transverse distance between caudal articular processes that seem necessary for cervical motion. The limited space of the caudal cervical vertebrae inside the shell chamber can be the reason for the reduction in the length of these vertebrae. The absence of a spinous process in the seventh and eighth cervical vertebrae of the neck may be related to their specific position in the neck retraction.
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Dias, Fernanda Gosuen Gonçalves, Vinícius Thomaz da Silva Almeida, Victória Marques Russo Ramos, Tais Harumi de Castro Sasahara, Lucas de Freitas Pereira, Marcela Aldrovani Rodrigues, Luis Gustavo Gosuen Gonçalves Dias, and Thaissa Oliveira Faleiros. "Comparison between cervical vertebrae of man and of the domestic animals." Cuadernos de Educación y Desarrollo 16, no. 2 (February 9, 2024): e3159. http://dx.doi.org/10.55905/cuadv16n2-020.

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Anatomy is the science that studies the form, architecture and structure of living beings, and the modality that explores the morphological differences between species is called comparative anatomy. Among the bone structures that make up the axial skeleton of individuals, the cervical vertebrae stand out, considered odd and irregular bones. Given the relevance of cervical vertebrae, the objective of the present study was to compare such bone elements in humans and domestic animals (dogs, horses and cattle) and, nevertheless, highlight the structural similarities in these different species in terms of quantities, functions and formats in resulting from bone accidents. For this, skeletons and individual anatomical pieces from the Human and Veterinary Anatomy Laboratory of the University of Franca (UNIFRAN - Franca, SP) were used, as well as anatomy books renowned in this area of ​​specialty and scientific articles. The results were presented in a descriptive way. As for quantity, humans have seven cervical vertebrae, just like dogs, horses and cattle. In all species, the cervical vertebrae support the neck, providing movement of the head and protection of the cervical spinal cord. Regarding shape, the first (atlas) and second (axis) cervical vertebrae are atypical in all species. The atlas has an arched body, containing the dorsal and ventral tubercle; furthermore, the transverse process is modified (wing of the atlas) with the alar foramen and lateral vertebral foramen. The caudal articular surface of the atlas (fovea dentis) articulates with the odontoid process of the axis. Cattle do not have a transverse foramen and, in no species, does the spinous process appear in the atlas. The axis had a rod-shaped odontoid process in dogs, concave in cattle and pointed in other species, in addition to an elongated spinous process. The other cervical vertebrae are typical, composed of a vertebral body (with head of the vertebra and vertebral fossa), vertebral arch (participates in the formation of the vertebral foramen), vertebral foramen (houses the spinal cord) and spinous processes (poorly developed), transverse (well developed, containing the transverse foramen) and cranial and caudal articular (flat surfaces). In all species, the seventh cervical vertebra is modified, presenting a long spinous process and reduction or absence of the transverse foramen; furthermore, in horses, the spinous process was detected only in this vertebra. In humans, dogs, horses and cattle, the seventh cervical vertebra has a pair of caudal costal facets for articulation with the first pair of ribs. Given the results obtained, it is accepted that the anatomical morphological similarities and differences between the cervical vertebrae may be related to the functional, evolutionary and postural aspects of the different species studied.
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S, Kaur. "Study of Morphometric Analysis of Foramen Transversarium and Uncinate Process and Clinical Relevance in Typical Cervical Vertebrae." Journal of Human Anatomy 8, no. 1 (January 18, 2024): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/jhua-16000198.

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The foramen transversarium differentiates the cervical vertebrae from the other vertebrae of the spinal column. From the first part of the subclavian artery, the vertebral artery arises and passes through the foramen transversarium. FT protects the vertebral artery. The medial boundary of the luschka joint is a safe sight to protect the vertebral artery. The Uncovertebral Joint, also known as the Luschka Joint, is a joint that was formed by the Uncinate Process between the cervical vertebra bodies. These joints form the medial border of an intervertebral foramen in the cervical area below C-2 and are rarely found on the first thoracic vertebra. The present study was carried out on 100 dry human typical cervical vertebrae of unknown age and sex to determine the morphometric dimensions of FT and Uncinate Process in typical cervical vertebrae. The dimensions were taken by the digital vernier caliper on the superior aspect of the FT and Uncinate Process. The length and width of the FT were more on the left side than on the right side which was statistically insignificant (p-value >0.05). The narrow FTs were also observed in the present study. The mean difference between the Right and Left sides of the Uncinate Process was statistically not significant (p-value>0.05).
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Skriabin, E. G., A. N. Bukseev, P. B. Zotov, M. A. Akselrov, and A. A. Kurmangulov. "Uncomplicated fractures of the cervical vertebrae in children and adolescents." Genij Ortopedii 27, no. 6 (December 2021): 700–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.18019/1028-4427-2021-27-6-700-708.

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Introduction Various aspects of uncomplicated fractures of the cervical vertebrae in children and adolescents remain topical. Purpose To study incidence, character and type of uncomplicated fractures of the vertebrae of the cervical spine in children and adolescents. Materials and methods Out of 1000 children who had uncomplicated vertebral fractures, 27 (2.7 %) people were diagnosed with fractures at the cervical level. There were more boys among the injured – 77.77 % of the injured. 29.63 % of the patients were under the age of 12, and 70.37 % of – aged 12–17. Traditional methods for emergency traumatology were used for clinical diagnostics. Results In 17 (62.96 %) of the patients only the cervical vertebrae were compressed, in 10 (37.04 %) patients – both the thoracic vertebrae and the cervical vertebrae. Among the cervical vertebrae, compression of C7 vertebral body was most often observed – in 30.64 % of cases, less often – the body of C3 – in 4.08 % of cases. The main mechanism of injury was falling on head from a height of 2 m and more – 25.98 % of cases. Analysis of the character of C2 fractures showed that four patients had fractures of the odontoid process (three patients – type I, one – type III), one patient – fractures of the arches of this vertebra corresponding to type I. Fractures of subaxial location mainly corresponded to group "A" (subgroup I (36 compressed vertebrae), subgroup II (6 injured vertebrae)). In 2 cases, vertebral fractures were referred to group "B" (subgroup I). In 25 (92.59 %) clinical cases conservative treatment was used, in 2 (7.41 %) – there were indications for surgical treatment. The average duration of in-patient treatment for fractures of the cervical vertebrae was 9.4 days. Evaluation of long-term treatment results showed "good" results in 83.33 % of cases, satisfactory – in 16.67 % of clinical observations. Discussion The results that we have received are mainly comparable with the literature data on the main aspects of cervical trauma in children. At the same time, it is necessary to mention some differences. For example, many authors report that younger children most often get fractures of the C2 vertebra. According to our data, the average age of patients with these fractures was 14.8 years.
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G, Prabavathy, Sadeesh T, and Jayaganesh J. "Morphometry of foramen transversarium of cervical vertebrae and its clinical significance in South Indian population." Indian Journal of Clinical Anatomy and Physiology 7, no. 4 (January 15, 2021): 338–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijcap.2020.071.

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Literature shows multiple variations within the foramen transversarium of the cervical vertebrae. To study the morphometry of foramen transversarium of the cervical vertebrae on both sides. The foramen transversarium of three-hundred-fifty dry human cervical vertebras of unknown age and sex was studied. The dimensions of the main foramen and the incidence of accessory foramen transversarium were measured and tabulated. Among 350 vertebrae studied, the accessory foramina was noted in 66 (19%) vertebrae. On 21 (6%) vertebrae the accessory foramen was noted on both sides of the vertebra and in the remaining 45 (13%), it was observed on one side. When observing unilateral cases, 30 were present on the right side and 15 were on the left side. In both unilateral and bilateral cases, the increased incidence of accessory foramina was noted more in the C6 vertebra. A significant increase in the diameter of the foramen transversarium was observed on the left side of all vertebras studied. Successful surgical management in degenerative, traumatic, and neoplastic diseases of the cervical spine needs well-detailed knowledge of the anatomy of the cervical spinal column.In our study, we found a noted increase in the incidence of accessory foramen transversarium. These morphometric parameters will be added data and can serve as a helpful guide while performing various surgeries of the neck region and for proper interpretation of X-rays and CT scan.
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Kaushal, Parul, and Subhash Bhukya. "Fusion of C2 and C3: embryological and clinical perspective." Anatomy Journal of Africa 7, no. 2 (September 19, 2018): 1281–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/aja.v7i2.177636.

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Skeletal abnormalities in the upper cervical region may result in severe neck ache, altered mobility, muscular weakness and sensory deficits. Fused cervical vertebrae (FCV) have been reported in literature, however cases with fused articular facets have scarcely been documented. During routine osteology demonstration, we came across fused axis and the 3rd cervical vertebra. There was complete fusion of the vertebral arch on the left side along with complete fusion between the inferior articular facet of C2 and superior articular facet of C3. There was partial fusion between the bodies of the vertebrae and the right half of the vertebral arch. Owing to the vital role of this region in various neck movements and spinal alignment, knowledge of such asymmetric variations in the upper cervical region, is of immense importance to orthopedicians, radiologists, neurosurgeons, anaesthetists, physiotherapists.Keywords: intubation, synostosis, axis, block vertebrae
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Orel, A. M., and O. K. Semenova. "Functional division and age differences in cervical spine of males and females." Russian Osteopathic Journal, no. 2 (June 27, 2023): 105–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.32885/2220-0975-2023-2-105-118.

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Introduction. The cervical spine from osteopathy point of view, taking into account spine functional division, includes vertebrae of the cervical-thoracic junction, and the approach requires additional coordination. The X-ray examination experience with the entire spine integrity suggests that both cervical vertebrae and vertebrae of cervical-thoracic junction are the place of the greatest age-related changes. The study of gender difference in cervical spine vertebra positions and its age-related dynamics requires additional attention. The purpose of the work: on the basis of digital radiographs to develop an integral indicator for assessing the position of the vertebrae of the middle cervical spine; research objectives: to quantify vertebra positions from CIII–VI; to propose a characteristic of transition smoothness from vertebral CIII–VI group to the vertebral CVII–TIII group; to study the male/female features of age trend in cervical spine shape.Materials and methods. Radiographs of all spine parts in sagittal plane were examined for 141 patients with dorsopathies (57 males and 84 females). The cohort of patients is divided into 4 groups: I (n=31) — 21–44 years (average age 33,1 years); II (n=39) — 45–59 years (average age 52,6 years); III (n=50) — 60–74 years (average age 66,8 years); IV (n=21) — 75–88 years (average age 81,1 years). A single digital X-ray spine image in sagittal plane was obtained for each patient. On the combined digital radiograph, the occipital vertical was drawn along all spine parts, starting from the external tubercle of occipital bone, and anteroposterior axes for CIII–TIII vertebrae (r axes) were drawn. The angles between the occipital vertical and the perpendiculars restored to the axes at the points of their intersection with the occipital vertical were measured. Statistical processing of the data obtained was carried out.Results. The St integral indicator has been developed to quantify the vertebra position of middle cervical spine. It was calculated by formula St = (rCIII+rCIV+rCV +rCVI)/4. Using St the type boundaries are determined, and four displacement types for the cervical vertebra group (from CIII–VI) are identifi ed: I — low start; II — medium start; III — high start; IV — ultra-high start. An age-related trend of changes in CIII–VI vertebra position was detected. The correlation between the position indicator St of the middle cervical vertebrae and indicator ArCT for the vertebrae of cervical-thoracic junction CVII–TIII was proved. Gender differences depending on age were revealed in transition smoothness between these spine parts.Conclusion. Some arguments have been obtained confi rming the validity of attributing the vertebra group of cervical-thoracic junction from CVII to TIII to the functional unity of cervical spine. Quantitative smoothness assessment of transition from the middle cervical spine to the vertebra group of cervical-thoracic junction can be carried out by calculating the difference between the ArCT and St indicators. The difference demonstrates age-related shape features of the spine part for males and females.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Cervical vertebrae"

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Rainey, Billie-Jean. "Reliability of cervical vertebrae maturation staging method." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2014. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/18455/.

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Background: Knowledge of craniofacial growth and development is a prerequisite for the comprehensive and successful management of orthodontic patients. In orthodontic treatment during adolescence, craniofacial growth is often paramount to its success of treatment, especially in patients with skeletal discrepancies. The ultimate goal, in orthodontics, would be the ability to predict accurately the onset, duration and magnitude of the peak pubertal growth spurt, particularly in relation to the mandible. The radiographic assessment of features of skeletal maturation has been extensively researched, as a means of determining an individual’s growth potential. Historically, assessments of the ossification of the bones on the hand-wrist radiograph were evaluated. However for orthodontics, in the UK and some other parts of the world, this method has been superseded by assessment of morphological features of the cervical vertebrae, on the lateral cephalogram. This increase in popularity is because the cervical vertebrae assessment prevents additional radiation to the patient. It is, therefore, safer for the patient. Aim: This study aimed to: 1. Determine the reliability and reproducibility of Cervical Vertebrae Maturation (CVM) stage assessment amongst orthodontists in training and specialist orthodontists, looking at a sample of consecutive lateral cephalograms taken at Liverpool University Dental Hospital. 2. Determine the reliability and reproducibility of CVM stage assessment amongst orthodontists in training and specialist orthodontists, looking at a sample of ideal images provided by co-author of the index, Dr J McNamara. 3. Compare the agreement of specialist orthodontists with orthodontists in training. 4. Determine whether increased experience with the index improved the agreement between observers. 5. Determine if the principal investigator (BJR) and research supervisor (JEH) agree with the experts and developers of the index (JMN/LF) and determine if they could be classified as experts. Design: This was a two phase reliability study. A group of 20 orthodontic clinicians, none of whom had used a CVM staging method previously, were trained in the use of the improved version of the CVM method for the assessment of mandibular growth using McNamara’s teaching programme. They independently assessed a sample of 72 consecutive lateral cephalograms, taken at Liverpool University Dental Hospital, on two separate occasions. The cephalograms were presented in a random order and interspersed with 11 ideal images from McNamara for standardisation. The intra- and inter-observer agreements were evaluated, for both image samples, using the weighted kappa statistic. The principal researchers also completed the two phase reliability study. Their results were analysed separately and compared to the findings for observers with no previous experience. The principal investigators then mutually agreed on staging of each radiographs and compared these to the staging given by the developers of the index, to determine if the principal investigator and research supervisor could be classified as experts. Results: The intra-observer and inter-observer agreements were substantial, (weighted kappa 0.6-0.8). The overall intra-observer agreement was 0.70 (SE 0.01) with average agreement 89%. The inter-observer agreement on the first occasion was 0.68 (SE 0.03) and 0.66 (SE 0.03) on the second occasion, with an average inter-observer agreement of 88%. Conclusions: The intra-observer and inter-observer agreement of classifying CVM stages, using the improved version of the CVM method for the assessment of mandibular growth, were substantial.
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Caldas, Maria de Paula. "Analise computadorizada da idade ossea vertebral em radiografias cefalometricas laterais na população brasileira." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/288982.

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Orientador: Francisco Haiter Neto
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T23:56:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Caldas_MariadePaula_D.pdf: 2507510 bytes, checksum: e7cf9f14f77a9d0d37e99a3d58f6aa74 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009
Resumo: O objetivo neste trabalho foi avaliar a aplicabilidade do método de análise da idade óssea vertebral, proposto por Caldas et al. (2007) nas diferentes regiões do país. Para isso, foram utilizadas radiografias cefalométricas laterais e radiografias carpais de 381 meninas e 336 meninos, com faixa etária variando entre 7 e 15.9 anos, pertencentes a arquivos digitais de seis clínicas de Radiologia Odontológica provenientes das cidades de Belém-PA, Fortaleza-CE, Recife-PE, Brasília-DF e Curitiba-PR. Nas radiografias cefalométricas laterais, os corpos das vértebras C3 e C4 foram medidos com o auxílio de uma análise computadorizada das vértebras cervicais inserida no programa de cefalometria digital Radiocef Studio 2 e as idades ósseas das vértebras cervicais foram automaticamente calculadas, utilizando as equações de regressão desenvolvidas por Caldas et al. (2007). Nas radiografias carpais, os eventos de ossificação da mão e do punho foram avaliados e as idades ósseas determinadas pelo método de Tanner e Whitehouse (TW3). Os dados foram encaminhados à análise estatística de variância e teste de Tukey (p<0,05) para comparar idade óssea vertebral, idade óssea carpal e idade cronológica. Os resultados obtidos revelaram que, em todas as regiões estudadas, a idade óssea vertebral não apresentou diferença estatística significante em relação à idade cronológica. Quando analisada a relação entre as idades ósseas, foi possível observar diferença estatística significante entre idade óssea vertebral e idade óssea carpal nos sexos masculino e feminino das regiões Norte e Nordeste, assim como no sexo masculino da região Centro-Oeste. No entanto, as diferenças não foram maiores que 0,61, 0,31 e 0,45 anos para as regiões Norte, Nordeste e Centro-Oeste, respectivamente.Com exceção do sexo masculino na região Norte e do sexo feminino na região Nordeste, não foi encontrada diferença estatística significante entre idade óssea e idade cronológica. Para as regiões Norte e Nordeste, as diferenças encontradas foram de 0,44 e 0,26 anos para o sexo masculino e feminino, respectivamente. Baseados nestes resultados, pôde-se concluir que as fórmulas desenvolvidas por Caldas et al. (2007), para avaliação objetiva da idade óssea pelas vértebras cervicais, se mostraram confiáveis e podem ser utilizadas na população estudada.
Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the applicability of the formula developed by Caldas et al. (2007) in Brazilian subjects. The samples were taken from patient digital files of six Oral Radiological Clinics placed in Belém-PA, Fortaleza-CE, Recife-PE, Brasília-DF e Curitiba-PR. Lateral cephalometric and hand-wrist radiographs of 381 girls and 336 boys (aged 7.0 to 15.9 years) were selected. On the digital lateral cephalograms, the bodies C3 e C4 were measured using a cervical vertebral computerized analysis created in the software program of digital cephalometric analysis Radiocef Studio 2 and cervical vertebral bone age was calculated using the formulas developed by Caldas et al. (2007). Hand-wrist bone age was evaluated by the Tanner and Whitehouse method (TW3). An analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey test were used to compare cervical vertebral bone age, hand-wrist bone age and chronological age (P <0.05). No significant difference was found between cervical vertebral bone age and chronological age in all regions studied. When analyzing bone age, it was possible to observe a statistically significant difference between cervical vertebral bone age and hand-wrist bone age for female and male subjects in the North and Northeast regions, as well as for male subjects in the Central West region, which were no more than 0,61, 0,31 e 0,45 years in the North, Northeast and Central West regions, respectively. No significant difference was observed between bone age and chronological age in all regions except for the male subjects in the North and female subjects in the Northeast, which were 0,44 and 0,26 years, respectively. We concluded that the formulas developed by Caldas et al. (2007) to objectively evaluate skeletal maturation are reliable and can be applied to Brazilian subjects.
Doutorado
Radiologia Odontologica
Doutor em Radiologia Odontológica
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Knoefel, Mark-Ulrich. "Age-related morphological changes in fifth cervical vertebrae." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0018/MQ47050.pdf.

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Sobczak, Pawel. "Computational investigation of anterior cervical spine stabilisation." Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.251277.

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Nash, Lance Graham, and n/a. "The deep cervical fascia : an anatomical study." University of Otago. Department of Anatomy & Structural Biology, 2006. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20060810.155517.

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Current understanding concerning the human deep cervical fascia (DCF) differs between anatomists, surgeons, and radiologists. One reason has been the varying methodologies used to examine the DCF and the terminology assigned to each layer or potential space formed. Previous knowledge concerning the DCF originally came from cadaveric studies. However, such findings were highly subjective, reliant on the dissectionist�s skill with a scalpel. With the recent advent of radiological imaging and sheet plastination, there has been a re-examination of the fascial layers (investing, pretracheal, and prevertebral) that constitute the DCF. Although there is general consensus regarding the existence of the three layers, there is continuing conjecture over the concise anatomical description of these fascial structures. Recently, the investing (superficial) fascia, as a separate fibrous structure, has been questioned with a small number of plastination studies reporting its absence in the postereolateral regions of the neck. Within the suboccipital region (SOS) it is widely reported that the nuchal ligament, extending from the investing layer, directly connects with the spinal dura mater. However, a recent plastination study by Johnson et al. (2000b) found these fibres to dissipate in the SOS.The question remains as to what fibres directly communicate with the spinal dura? The fibrous connective bridge is reported in some clinical studies to originate from the rectus capitis posterior minor (RCPm) via the SOS. The origin of the connective fibrous bridge is essential in understanding the mechanism in the prevention of the phenomenon of 'infolding' and cervicogenic neck pain? Anteriorly, the investing fascia is regarded as a continuance of a 'fibrous collar' that encapsulates the entire neck, yet if it does not truly exist in the posterior neck region, does it actually exist as a tangible structure in the anterior neck? With regard to the deep midline fascial structures that arise from the pretracheal fascia, the presence of two separate spaces, the retropharyngeal and danger space, divided by the alar fascia in the posterior pharyngeal region, is still debated and is yet resolved in the clinical literature. The aims of this qualitative study were to: 1. determine the dural ligamentous and tendinous connections in the posterior atlanto-occipital (PAO) interspace region, and establish the morphology of the PAO membrane, 2. determine whether the investing layer of the DCF is a distinct fibrous structure in the anterior neck and examine the relationship with the subcutaneous platysma muscle, and 3. determine the relationship between the RPS and DS in the posterior pharynx region and identify the configuration of the alar fascia. Twenty-seven cadavers were examined at the gross, macro- and, microscopic level. Blunt and sharp dissections were conducted on 12 specimens. Fifteen cadavers were prepared as epoxy sheet plastinates. Light, fluorescent and confocal microscopy was conducted on the sheet plastinations.The findings of the first study demonstrated that small discrete bundles from medial tendinous fibres of RCPm formed a fibrous connective tissue bridge directly with the spinal dura in the SOS (in all 6 median-sectioned plastinated specimens), not the nuchal ligament as commonly reported. The RCPm fascia, in conjunction with lateral contributions from the perivascular sheath, formed the PAO membrane (ligamentum flavum) which was not continuous with the neural arch of C1 as often cited in anatomical texts. The cerebrospinal junction was also demonstrated to be a naturally formed multi-layered structure in all plastinates and not the result of pathological change as widely reported in clinical literature.The Gross dissection findings of the second study supported the traditional view that the investing layer formed a covering over the anterior triangle neck region. However, findings from plastinations, in conjunction with confocal microscopy, demonstrated clearly that the investing layer is formed from the epimysium of superficial muscles in the anterior neck. In the suprahyoid neck, it appeared disjointed with the fascia of the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) fascia isolated from the neighbouring submandibular fascia. In the infrahyoid neck, it was formed by medial fascial extensions from the omohyoid fascia, SCM fascia, and fused at the midline to the infrahyoid fascia, (pretracheal layer) resulting in two ipsilateral compartments. Distal 'finger-like' fascicles of platysma presented with individual epimysial fascia, which gave the false appearance of a thickened investing layer. These findings contravene those of the traditional view that the investing fascia is continuous at the mid-line.The findings of the third study agreed with both those reported in radiological and cadaveric studies respectively, in that the alar fascia was not present above the level of C1 as purported by radiologists, but became more apparent below this level. The alar fascia was observed to be formed from medial extensions of the carotid sheath, with some minor contributions from the lateral slips of the prevertebral fascia posteriorly, and was visible within transverse plastinated slices to the level of C7. However, at the levels of C4 and C6, the alar fascia appeared to fuse with the buccopharyngeal fascia, (posterior pretracheal layer of the DCF), a finding not previously reported. This study demonstrated, through E12 sheeted plastinated sections, that the morphology and topography of the DCF is complex, and a more precise understanding of the anatomy of the DCF and associated potential spaces is paramount clinically in otolaryngology, concerning the cervical fascial pathways of potentially life-threatening commutative pathologies.
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Das, Mohammed. "Image analysis techniques for vertebra anomaly detection in X-ray images." Diss., Rolla, Mo. : University of Missouri--Rolla i.e. [Missouri University of Science and Technology], 2008. http://scholarsmine.mst.edu/thesis/MohammedDas_Thesis_09007dcc804c3cf6.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Missouri University of Science and Technology, 2008.
Degree granted by Missouri University of Science and Technology, formerly known as University of Missouri--Rolla. Vita. The entire thesis text is included in file. Title from title screen of thesis/dissertation PDF file (viewed March 24, 2008) Includes bibliographical references (p. 87-88).
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Ng, Man-cheuk. "Functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI) of brain and cervical spinal cord." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/HKUTO/record/B39557777.

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Reichert, Alison. "Test-retest properties of objective maximal neck force measures in a population of healthy adults." Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=116038.

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Neck pain is an increasing problem in industrialized societies. Research is necessary to find ways to objectively measure neck dysfunction. The purpose of this Master's project was to examine the test-retest properties of a dynamometric system for neck force measurements and to obtain reference measures on isometric cervical strength in a healthy population. Twenty-eight healthy subjects participated in this study; 16 males and 12 females. Cervical strength was measured using the MCU(TM) Multi-Cervical Unit (BTE Technologies(c)) in six directions: flexion, extension, protraction, retraction and right and left lateral flexion. The test-retest reliability was good to excellent (≥ 0.85) for all directions. Males were on average 58% stronger than females, with the greatest difference in t1exion. The standard error of measurement and minimal detectable change values were found to be much smaller than the average strength measures. Studies are needed to address the implementation of the MCU in clinical settings.
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Persson, Liselott C. G. "Cervical radiculopathy effects of surgery, physiotherapy or cervical collar : a prospective, randomised study /." Lund : Dept. of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Neurosurgery, Lund University, 1998. http://books.google.com/books?id=PMJrAAAAMAAJ.

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Grave, Benjamin. "Morphological relationships between cervical vertebrae and craniofacial structures : research report /." Title page, contents and summary only, 1993. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09SDN/09sdng775.pdf.

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Books on the topic "Cervical vertebrae"

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Cervical Spine Research Society. Editorial Committee., ed. The Cervical spine. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1989.

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E, Emery Sanford, and Boden Scott D, eds. Surgery of the cervical spine. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders, 2003.

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K, Nakamura. Cervical laminoplasty. Tokyo: Springer Verlag, 2003.

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S, Whitecloud Thomas, and Dunsker Stewart B, eds. Anterior cervical spine surgery. New York: Raven Press, 1993.

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Freuden, Donald E. The neglected cervical spine. Los Angeles: Los Angeles College of Chiropractic, 1988.

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N, Herkowitz Harry, and Cervical Spine Research Society. Editorial Committee., eds. The cervical spine surgery atlas. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2004.

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P, Kehr, Weidner A. 1943-, and Cervical Spine Research Society, eds. Cervical spine I: Strasbourg 1985. Wien: Springer-Verlag, 1987.

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Vaccaro, Alexander R. Cervical spine trauma. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott William & Wilkins, 2009.

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D, Boden Scott, and Bohlman H, eds. The failed spine. Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2003.

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1950-, Clark Charles R., Ducker Thomas B. 1937-, and Cervical Spine Research Society. Editorial Committee., eds. The cervical spine. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven, 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "Cervical vertebrae"

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Bab, Itai, Carmit Hajbi-Yonissi, Yankel Gabet, and Ralph Müller. "Cervical Vertebrae." In Micro-Tomographic Atlas of the Mouse Skeleton, 39–65. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-39258-5_3.

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Thiel, M., and H. W. Staudte. "A Momentary Documentation of a Cervical Vertebrae Fracture." In Cervical Spine II, 28–33. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-9055-5_4.

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Meyer, Marc R. "The Cervical Vertebrae of KSD-VP-1/1." In Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology, 63–111. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-7429-1_5.

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Wackenheim, A. "Sectorization of the Axial Image of Cervical Vertebrae, a Heuristic Approach for Automatic Analysis in Artificial Intelligence." In Cervical Spine I, 84–87. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-8882-8_14.

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Mehmood, Anum, M. Usman Akram, Mahmood Akhtar, and Anam Usman. "Separation of Vertebrae Regions from Cervical Radiographs Using Inter-Vertebra Distance and Orientation." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 29–37. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52941-7_4.

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Reinartz, Rianne, Bram Platel, Toon Boselie, Henk van Mameren, Henk van Santbrink, and Bart ter Haar Romeny. "Cervical Vertebrae Tracking in Video-Fluoroscopy Using the Normalized Gradient Field." In Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention – MICCAI 2009, 524–31. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04268-3_65.

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Kim, Kwang Baek, Doo Heon Song, Hyun Jun Park, and Sungshin Kim. "Automatic Extraction of Cervical Vertebrae from Ultrasonography with Fuzzy ART Clustering." In Advances in Neural Networks – ISNN 2015, 297–304. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25393-0_33.

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Schneider, Zofia, and Elżbieta Pociask. "Automated External Contour-Segmentation Method for Vertebrae in Lateral Cervical Spine Radiographs." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 118–26. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-88976-0_16.

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Al Arif, S. M. Masudur Rahman, Karen Knapp, and Greg Slabaugh. "Region-Aware Deep Localization Framework for Cervical Vertebrae in X-Ray Images." In Deep Learning in Medical Image Analysis and Multimodal Learning for Clinical Decision Support, 74–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67558-9_9.

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Al Arif, S. M. Masudur Rahman, Michael Gundry, Karen Knapp, and Greg Slabaugh. "Improving an Active Shape Model with Random Classification Forest for Segmentation of Cervical Vertebrae." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 3–15. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55050-3_1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Cervical vertebrae"

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DiAngelo, Denis J., Keith A. Vossel, Thomas H. Jansen, Kevin T. Foley, and Y. Raja Rampersaud. "Anterior Cervical Plating Reverses the Loading Mechanics of Multi-Level Strut-Grafts." In ASME 1998 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1998-0103.

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Abstract Cervical spondylosis is the most prevalent degenerative disease of the cervical spine and is often treated surgically to prevent progressive neurological deterioration. A key goal of the surgical treatment is fusion of multiple adjacent vertebrae. Strut-graft fusion with anterior instrumentation is an accepted surgical treatment for multi-level cervical disease. Although the surgery should restore the mechanical integrity of the operated spine, little is known of the load-sharing mechanics between the SG and anterior plate. Clinically, strut-grafts fail by fracturing, pistoning into the adjacent vertebrae, or dislodging at the vertebral interfaces. The objective of the study was to determine the influence of anterior cervical plates on multi-level strut-graft loading mechanics in vitro.
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Lopez Espina, Carlos G., Farid Amirouche, Franklin C. Wagner, and Kern H. Guppy. "Development and Validation of a Three-Dimensional Parametric Model of the Cervical Spine." In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-32626.

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The main objective of this project is to produce an accurate parametric model of a human cervical vertebra and the intervertebral disc. This model is based on a well defined set of parameters that reflect the differences between the different vertebrae, allowing for the reconstruction of cervical segments of the spine by a simple control of these parameters.
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Kumaresan, Srirangam, Phouvadol Khouphongsy, Brian Stemper, Darius Daruwala, Joseph Cheng, Frank A. Pintar, Narayan Yoganandan, Dennis J. Maiman, and Thomas Bray. "Development of a Biomechanically Analogous Cervical Spine Physical Model." In ASME 1998 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1998-0077.

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Abstract Physical models of the human cervical spine vertebrae (C3 to C7) were developed based on the geometrical details obtained from 1.0 mm close-up axial computed tomography scans. The vertebrae were constructed using the rapid prototyping technique. Polyurethane rigid foam, pottery plaster and hydrocal white gypsum cement materials with varying strength combinations were used to construct the models. Biomechanical strength tests were conducted on a total of sixty physical vertebral model specimens by compressing to 50% of their initial height using an electrohydraulic testing machine. The stiffness, energy absorbed at failure, force-deflection and stress-strain responses were computed and compared with cadaver experimental data. The mean compressive force sustained by pottery and hydrocal materials compared well with the cadaver experimental data, while the Polyurethane exhibited lower forces.
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Yoganandan, Narayan, Frank A. Pintar, Recai Aktay, Glenn Paskoff, and Barry S. Shender. "Bone Mineral Density of Cervical Spine Vertebrae Using Quantitative Computed Tomography." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-59726.

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While numerous studies exist quantifying the bone mineral content of the human lumber vertebrae, such information is not available for the cervical spine. This study determined the bone mineral densities of cervical vertebrae. Adult healthy human volunteers, ages ranging from 18 to 40 years, underwent quantitative computed tomography scanning of the neck. BMD data were divided according to subject weight (above and below 50th percentile, termed low and heavy mass) and gender. Low-mass subjects did not consistently have higher bone mineral density at all levels of the cervical column. Bone mineral were higher (259 ± 6 mg/cc) for females than males (247 ± 8 mg/cc); for the entire ensemble the mean density was 253 ± 9 mg/cc. Altered strength of cervical vertebrae coupled with the increased mobility of the disc at the inferior levels of the neck may explain regional biomechanical differences and subsequent physiologic effects secondary to aging. This study quantifies BMD of the human neck vertebrae and offers explanations to the biomechanical behaviors of the human cervical spine.
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Chu, Bryant, Jeremi Leasure, and Dimitriy Kondrashov. "Selective Densitometry of the Lumbar Spine." In ASME 2013 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2013-14218.

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Bone mineral density (BMD) has been identified as a major factor in spine construct strength, with failures resulting in pedicle screw loosening and pullout2. Computed tomography (CT) scans have been shown to effectively measure BMD1,4. Previous research has utilized this linear correlation of CT Hounsfield Units (HU) to BMD in order to determine BMD as a function of anatomic location within cervical vertebrae1; however, the lumbar spine has not yet been reported on. The goal of this study was to describe BMD of anatomical regions within lumbar vertebrae using the correlation between HU and BMD. It was hypothesized that posterior elements of the spine would exhibit significantly different BMD than the vertebral body. This was tested through means comparison of BMD for each anatomical region.
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Kecskeméthy, Andrés, Christian Lange, and Gerald Grabner. "Simulating Cervical Vertebrae Motion Using Elementary Contact Pairs." In ASME 2000 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2000/mech-14155.

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Abstract Described in the paper is the mathematical modeling of a vertebrae pair using multibody methods and impact analysis techniques with elementary contact geometry for the facet joints. The results are compared with existing approaches and with experimental data, showing a good agreement with the latter and an efficiency boost compared to existing approaches by a factor of 350. The investigations are focused on the vertebrae pair C5-C6 but can be easily extended to other vertebrae.
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Rehman, Faisal, Syed Irtiza Ali Shah, S. Omer Gilani, D. Emad, M. Naveed Riaz, and R. Faiza. "A Novel Framework to Segment out Cervical Vertebrae." In 2019 2nd International Conference on Communication, Computing and Digital systems (C-CODE). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/c-code.2019.8680994.

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Hahn, Matthias. "New approach to evaluate rotation of cervical vertebrae." In Medical Imaging 2001, edited by Milan Sonka and Kenneth M. Hanson. SPIE, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.431056.

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Zhang, Jiangyue, Narayan Yoganandan, and Frank A. Pintar. "Effects of Vertebral Body Changes on Cervical Spine Load Sharing." In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-32594.

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The objective of the study was to determine the effects of changes in the Young’s modulus of elasticity of the cancellous bone that occur due to the ageing process on the biomechanical behavior of the cervical spine. An anatomically accurate three-dimensional (3-D) nonlinear finite element model of the C4-C5-C6 cervical spinal unit was used. The inferior surface of the C6 vertebrae was fixed in all degrees of freedom, and external loads were applied to the top surface of the C4 vertebra. The model was exercised under an axial compressive force of 754 N. In addition, flexion and extension bending moments of 3.44 Nm were applied individually to the model. The effects of ageing on bone strength were simulated by decreasing the Young’s modulus of elasticity from 100 MPa in the healthy spine to 40 MPa in the degenerated spine. The degenerated spine was found to be more flexible than the healthy spine. In addition, the degenerated spine responded with increased forces in the outer anterior and posterior regions of the vertebral body. Furthermore, forces in the facet joints increased in the degenerated spine. In contrast, the middle region of the disc showed decreased forces. These increases in the forces leading to stress risers may explain the occurrence of osteophytes in the spine with age.
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Scheer, Justin K., John Equizabal, Jovauna M. Currey, Jenni M. Buckley, R. T. McClellan, and Chris Ames. "Optimal Fusion Configuration Following C2 Corpectomy." In ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-206873.

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The upper cervical spine is a common location for metastatic tumors, which often necessitate surgical intervention to prevent neurological compromise [1]. Removal of the tumor often requires partial or complete resection of cervical vertebrae and therefore causes substantial mechanical instability in the cervical region [2]. Structural integrity is restored by fusion of the base of the skull to C5 using various spinal hardware, including cages and posterior screw-rod constructs. Due to the proximity of the spinal cord and vertebral arteries, these procedures have high associated morbidity and mortality, and the biomechanical necessity of more risky procedures, e.g., additional cages replacing the lateral masses of C2, in order to achieve sufficient rigidity has not been evaluated. Thus, the goal of this study is to determine the optimal fusion configuration following C2 corpectomy that maximized segmental rigidity while minimizing risk to the patient.
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Reports on the topic "Cervical vertebrae"

1

Wang, Yixuan, Tenglong Li, Xiong Hui, Boyu Wu, Lei Yang, Yang Shu, Peng Zeng, and Li Lu. Treatment of vertebral artery type cervical spondylosis with Traditional Chinese medicine. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.12.0004.

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Ma, Dongyang, Chao Guo, ZhongXU Li, Xin Qian, XueFeng Li, JiaYI Liu, ZhaoHUI Wang, and Wei Qi. Acupotomy Combined with Massage for cervical spondylosis of vertebral artery type : a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.1.0035.

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