Journal articles on the topic 'Cervical artificial insemination (AI)'
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SINGH, MAHAK, R. TALIMOA MOLLIER, P. H. ROMEN SHARMA, and J. K. CHAUDHARY. "Reproductive performance in cervical and postcervical artificial insemination (PCAI) with liquid boar semen in Gunghroo × Hampshire crossbreed pig in Nagaland." Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 90, no. 5 (September 10, 2020): 708–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijans.v90i5.104610.
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Genetic advancement for the modern swine industry is primarily accomplished through the use of reproductive biotechnology, mainly artificial insemination (AI). The objective of the present study was to compare the fertility outcome by cervical and post-cervical artificial insemination (PCAI) using normal (three billion) and reduced (one billion) number of spermatozoa in pig. Pluriparous weaned sows were grouped into 4 groups, i.e. Group- 1, AI with three billion spermatozoa by intra-cervical insemination; Group-2, AI with one and half billion spermatozoa by intra-cervical insemination; Group-3, AI with three billion spermatozoa by PCAI and Group-4, AI with one and half billion spermatozoa by PCAI. Non-significantly higher farrowing rate was recorded in Group-3 compared to Group-1. Post-cervical AI with lower number of spermatozoa (Group-4) resulted into farrowing rate which was similar to cervical insemination with higher number of spermatozoa (Group-1). There was significant difference in litter size at birth and litter size at weaning between Group-1 and 2. Litter size at birth and litter size at weaning was significantly higher in Group-4 compared to Group-2. Also, litter size at birth and litter size at weaning was significantly higher in PCAI animals (Group-2 and 4) compared to cervical inseminated animals (Group-1 and 2). In conclusion, PCAI with liquid boar semen was found to have improved farrowing rate, litter size at birth and litter size at weaning compared to cervical insemination.
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Arrebola, Francisco, Olga González, Rafael Torres, and José-Alfonso Abecia. "Artificial insemination in Payoya goats: factors affecting fertility." Animal Production Science 54, no. 3 (2014): 356. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an13138.
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The present study was conducted to determine the effect of different factors on pregnancy rate after artificial insemination (AI) with refrigerated and frozen semen in Payoya goats reared under commercial farm conditions. A total of 820 goats, belonging to 10 farms, was used. The total number of studied inseminations was 1384 over a 4-year period. Factors considered in the study were year, farm, month of AI, age of the goat at AI, dose of progestagen, eCG dose, buck, type of semen (refrigerated or frozen), technician, number of goats to be inseminated (group size), incidences at AI (problems, no problems, trans-cervical insemination), distance from semen collection to farm, number of previous kidding, kidding–AI interval, and milk production. The variable studied was fertility, expressed as successful kidding. Mean fertility was 59%. Six (farm, age, group size, transcervical AI, number of kidding and milk production) of the 15 factors studied presented a significant (P < 0.05) effect on fertility after AI. Our results demonstrated that it is difficult to control all the critical aspects of AI programs at the farm level. These factors should be controlled and the variations that could compromise the chance of being pregnant must be known by technicians. The good fertility results obtained during the non-breeding season emphasise the implementation of this technique so as to improve the competitiveness of the dairy Payoya breed flocks.
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Haresign, W., R. M. Curnock, and H. C. B. Reed. "Conception rates following cervical and intrauterine insemination in the ewe." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1986 (March 1986): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600015749.
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The current technique for artificial insemination (AI) of ewes during the breeding season necessitates the synchronisation of oestrus with progestagen sponges and PMSG, and involves depositing semen into the posterior cervix at a fixed time after sponge removal. Extensive field trials over a number of years in the UK have indicated that a single insemination using fresh diluted semen 56 h after sponge removal generally results in a conception rate of 70%, while conception rates following a single insemination of frozen-thawed semen 57 h after sponge removal have ranged from 19% to 34% (mean 28%). Giving two inseminations of frozen-thawed semen at 50 h and 60 h after sponge removal increased the overall mean conception rate, but only up to 48%. This inability to achieve acceptable conception rates with frozen-thawed semen nullifies many of the potential benefits of AI in sheep flocks.It is well established that the cervix presents a major barrier to sperm transport in the ewe, particularly when oestrus has been synchronised with progestagens and PMSG.
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Foxworth, William B., Scott Horner, Alphina Ho-Watson, Islyn Gilmore, Katherine Gutierrez, Shaye Lewis, and Gary Newton. "PSX-12 Comparison of transcervical and intracervical artificial insemination techniques for fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) in the goat." Journal of Animal Science 97, Supplement_3 (December 2019): 464. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz258.914.
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Abstract The efficacy of transcervical (TC) and intracervical (IC) semen deposition was evaluated for pregnancy per artificial insemination (P/AI) in a fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) program in the goat. Three breeds (Alpine, n = 50, Boer, n = 17 and Spanish n = 20) were synchronized by a Co-synch program and then inseminated by TCAI (n = 52) or a commercial ICAI (RamGo, TecnoGen) technique (n = 35). On d0, the goats received a CIDR insert and a single injection of GnRH. On d12, CIDRs were removed and a single injection of PGF2α was administered, followed seventeen hours by an injection of GnRH. On d14, 49–50 hours post CIDR removal, the does were inseminated with fresh, cooled (4OC) semen. For TCAI, the external os cervix was visualized and the insemination gun inserted. Following manipulation through the cervical rings, semen was deposited in the uterine body. For ICAI, the straw was loaded into a RamGo intracervical catheter (ICC) and mixed with media to increase the volume. The doe was held at 60–70 degrees (head down). The external os cervix was visualized, the tip of the ICC placed in the os cervix and manipulated into the first cervical ring. Semen was deposited intracervically. Pregnancy status was determined on day 30–35 via transrectal ultrasound. No difference in P/AI was noted between the TC or IC technique (45.7 and 30.8 %, respectively). Additionally, no interactive effect on P/AI was found between insemination method and breed. The timing of FTAI did present a significant difference in the P/AI among the breeds. Spanish does demonstrated a lower P/AI than the Boer and Alpine does (10 vs 41.2 and 46 %, respectively). In summary, ICAI requires less technical proficiency and is a practical technique for FTAI in the goat. The P/AI results further demonstrate a need for continued evaluation of the optimal timing of insemination between breeds.
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Findlater, R. C. F., W. Haresign, and R. M. Curnock. "Effect of timing of intrauterine insemination with frozen-thawed semen on conception rates in ewes." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1987 (March 1997): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600034681.
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The widespread use of artificial insemination (AI) in the United Kingdom sheep industry has been limited by the poor conception rates obtained after cervical insemination of frozen-thawed semen. The major problem in this respect is the impairment of sperm transport through the cervix, particularly when AI is used in conjunction with oestrus synchronisation.Previous studies (Killeen and Caffery, 1982; Maxwell, 1984) have indicated that a laparo-scopic technique for intrauterine insemination in ewes may overcome such limitations. At the moment, however, sufficient data on the optimum time of insemination and sperm doses required to maximise fertility in British breeds are not available. The present study was conducted to establish the optimum time of intrauterine insemination using frozen-thawed semen.
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AL-Mutar, HA. "Comparative Study Between Different Methods of Insemination in Iraqi Does." Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine 35, no. 2 (December 29, 2011): 95–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.30539/iraqijvm.v35i2.581.
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Present experimental was carried out on 22 does 2-4 years old. The aim was to induction of estrous in non-breeding season using impregnated sponge with 20 mg of medroxy progesterone acetate (MPA) for 13 days and with an i/m injection of 500 IU Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotropin (PMSG) hormone 24 hrs before sponge withdrawal and to compare the pregnancy rate using three different methods of insemination; natural , cervical and laparoscopic artificial insemination at fixed time 24-48 hrs after estrous onset. All does were showed signs of estrous (100%), the estrous time was 46.9±4.90hrs (24-60hrs) after sponge withdrawal. While estrous length was 37.09±1.91 (24–72hrs). All experimental animals followed up by abdominal palpation, ultrasonography at 30, 60 and 90 days post-insemination, while the laparoscopic examination was performed at day 30 post-insemination, to improve the efficiently of the different methods of inseminations in pregnancy rate ultrasonographical diagnosed by rectal and abdominal methods of 14 does post-inseminations appeared that two were pregnant, seven suspected and five non pregnant. At day 60th , post-insemination the pregnancy diagnosis of (22) does appeared that (14) were pregnant, six suspected and two non pregnant. While at day 90, the examination of all does appeared that (16) animals were pregnant and six were not. The laparoscopic examination, at 30 days post-insemination showed that eight does were pregnant, two suspected and two were not pregnant. In conclusion that the pregnancy rate of laparoscopic insemination is (75%), comparisons to natural (66.7%) and cervical AI method (75%) but there is no significant different between them, while the kidding percentage was appear in natural insemination (75%), cervical (100%) and laparoscopic insemination (150%). The results of this study indicate that estrus can be efficiently induced in female goats during non-breeding season using 20mg MPA impregnated spongewith 500IU PMSG.
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Mahmoudzadeh, A. R., M. Tarahomi, and H. Fotoohi. "Effect of abnormal vaginal discharge at oestrus on conception rate after artificial insemination in cows." Animal Science 72, no. 3 (June 2001): 535–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357729800052061.
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AbstractDuring a 2-year study from January 1997 to December 1999, the visual characteristics of the cervical mucous discharge of cows and heifers in oestrus and their relations to conception rate were studied in a large dairy herd of Holstein-Friesian cows. Cows were divided into two groups based on mucous discharge being of normal or abnormal appearance and the group with abnormal discharge was further divided into the following classes: cervical mucus with urine (CMU), cervical mucus with microbes (CMM), cervical mucus with blood (CMB) and a group with no cervical mucus (NCM). From 6169 cases of cows in oestrus, 82·2% had normal discharge, and the remaining 17·8% had abnormal discharge classifications (6·1% CMU, 5·1% CMM, 0·5% CMB and 6·1% NCM). Conception rate after artificial insemination (AI) in the normal group (38·3%) was significantly higher than that of the abnormal group (27·9%), (P < 0·05). When the conception rate of the normal group was compared with each one of the abnormal classifications, it was significantly different from that of CMU (26·5%), CMM (22·6%) and CMB (21·8%), (P < 0·05), but not from that of NCM (34·4%), (P > 0·05). From 1734 cases of heifers in oestrus, only 6% had abnormal discharges, and the conception rates of the normal and abnormal groups were not significantly different (P > 0·05).We conclude that AI of cows in oestrus discharging cervical mucus that is contaminated with urine, microbes or blood produces conception rates significantly lower than those of cows discharging a normal and clear mucus. Absence of a cervical mucous discharge at the time of AI of cows does not imply a low conception rate. In the case of heifers, appearance of cervical mucus had no effect on the conception rate after AI.
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Pau, Salvatore, Laura Falchi, Mauro Ledda, Ivo Pivato, Melosu Valentino, Luisa Bogliolo, Federica Ariu, and Maria Teresa Zedda. "Reproductive Performance Following Transcervical Insemination with Frozen Thawed Semen in Ewes Submitted to Surgical Incision of Cervical Folds (SICF): Comparison with Laparoscopic Artificial Insemination." Animals 10, no. 1 (January 9, 2020): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10010108.
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Transcervical artificial insemination (AI) after the surgical incision of cervical folds (SICF) could represent a valid alternative to laparoscopic AI when frozen thawed semen is used. The aim of this experiment was to compare pregnancy (PR) and lambing rates (LR) of ewes submitted either to transcervical AI after SICF or to laparoscopic AI using frozen thawed semen. Pregnant at term ewes (n = 80) were allocated in two experimental groups. After lambing, one group (n = 39) was submitted to SICF. The remaining ewes that were regularly lambed were allocated to the group of laparoscopic AI (n = 40). Six months later, oestrous cycle of both experimental groups was synchronised and all ewes were artificially inseminated with frozen thawed semen. Ewes submitted to SICF underwent transcervical insemination and intrauterine deposition of semen was recorded. The remaining animals were submitted to laparoscopic AI. Pregnancy and LR were recorded. Intrauterine deposition of semen was possible in 89.7% pf ewes submitted to SICF. This group showed similar PR and LR compared to the laparoscopic group (respectively: PR, 71.8% vs. 70% and LR, 64.1% vs. 65%; p > 0.05). Transcervical AI after SICF may represent a valid alternative to laparoscopy in AI protocols requiring the use of frozen thawed semen.
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Drh., M.Sc, Ginta Riady, Dian Mulfristia, Hendra Saputra, Cut Nila Thasmi, Hafizuddin Hafizuddin, Mudhita Zikkrullah Ritonga, and Rosmaidar Rosmaidar. "Determination of estrus duration based on cervical mucus characteristics in Aceh cattle using camera-equipped artificial insemination endoscope." Ovozoa : Journal of Animal Reproduction 11, no. 2 (August 17, 2022): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/ovz.v11i2.2022.59-65.
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This study aimed to determine the length of the estrus period in Aceh cows based on changes in the characteristics of cervical mucus observed using a camera-equipped artificial insemination (AI) endoscope. This study used twelve healthy and reproductively sound cows aged 4-6 years. All cows were synchronized using prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) injected intramuscularly twice, 11 days apart. Estrus detection was conducted 24 hours following the second injection of PGF2α three times daily for 30 minutes, respectively. Estrous cows were then subjected to the examination of their cervical mucus at 0, 6, 12, and 18 hours after the beginning of estrus. This study showed that out of 12 samples, only eight cows exhibited estrus signs. Characteristics of cervical mucus of cows at 0 and 6 hours of estrus were transparent. At 12 hours of estrus, five cows showed transparency, and the remaining three cows showed cloudy cervical mucus. Meanwhile, at 18 hours of estrus, all sampled cows showed cloudy cervical mucus then regarded as the end of the estrus. That means the estrus length of Aceh cows in this study was 15.75 ± 3.11 hours. It can be concluded that the determination of the duration of estrus in Aceh cows based on changes in the characteristics of the cervical mucus can be carried out using an AI endoscope with a camera. For further research, it is suggested to apply this estrus detection technique in the implementation of AI and determine the pregnancy rate.
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Khalid, M., W. Haresign, and D. G. Bradley. "Heart rate responses and plasma cortisol concentrations in ewes: comparison between cervical and laparoscopic intrauterine insemination and their associated handling procedures." Animal Science 66, no. 2 (April 1998): 383–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357729800009516.
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AbstractThis study consisted of two experiments. In experiment 1, stress responses of sheep which were restrained either in a laparoscopy cradle or a roll-over cradle were compared. The results of this experiment indicated that restraint in roll-over cradle is less (P < 0·05) stressful than that in a laparoscopy cradle when assessed in terms of the elevation and duration of both the mean heart rate and plasma cortisol responses. Experiment 2 compared the stress responses of sheep subjected to restraint in a laparoscopy cradle, restraint in a laparoscopy cradle with intrauterine artificial insemination (AI) by laparoscopy, minimal restraint with cervical AI or restraint in a roll-over cradle plus foot-trimming. All treatments resulted in significant elevations in both heart rate and plasma cortisol concentrations (F < 0·001). The peak heart rate was significantly (P < 0·05) higher in ewes subjected to cervical AI than in those subjected to intrauterine insemination, with other treatments intermediate. The peak cortisol response did not differ among different treatments. The duration over which both the mean heart rate and -plasma cortisol concentrations remained significantly elevated above pre-treatment concentrations did not differ among treatment groups. The results of this study suggest that while restraint using a laparoscopy cradle is more stressful than that using a rollover cradle, the stress inflicted by intrauterine insemination by laparoscopy itself is no greater than that due to restraint using the laparoscopy cradle alone, cervical AI or the management practice offoot-trimming using a rollover cradle.
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Ritar, AJ. "Control of ovulation, storage of semen, and artificial insemination of fibre-producing goats in Australia: a review." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 33, no. 6 (1993): 807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9930807.
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Artificial insemination (AI) allows individual bucks to be exploited widely and so is a potentially useful tool for the rapid genetic improvement of fibre goats. In Australia, where there is a desire by farmers to improve the productivity of their goats, AI may best be adopted under extensive grazing conditions using control of ovulation to allow efficient and accurate timing of the deposition of frozen-stored semen. Although ovulatory activity is influenced by the manipulation of environmental factors, the time of ovulation is synchronised most accurately by the combined use of intravaginal progestagens and pregnant mares' serum gonadotrophin. However, the costs of these exogenous hormones remain high, which justifies investigation of alternative methods to control ovulation. Bucks show strong seasonality in the quality and quantity of their sperm production, and so there is limited time in which semen may be collected for storage and AI, but this can be extended by optimising nutrition and management. There appears to be no improvement in the fertility of stored semen when seminal plasma, which contains egg yolk coagulating enzyme, is removed and an extender containing only a low concentration of egg yolk is used for dilution. Simple methods have been developed for 1-step dilution and freezing of buck semen. However, the post-thawing viability of spermatozoa frozen in pellets on dry ice is higher than for semen frozen in straws in liquid N2 vapour, although straws are preferred for commercial trade. For frozen-thawed semen, fertility after laparoscopic insemination is high, whereas the fertility after cervical insemination is considerably lower but improves by the deeper placement of semen into the reproductive tract. Does are best inseminated 5-10 h before the expected time of ovulation. A dose as low as 1 x 106 motile spermatozoa may be used for laparoscopic insemination of thawed semen that was previously diluted at rates (semen: diluent) of 1:2 to 1:23. However, for the cervical method, a low dilution rate of 1:2 allows a sufficiently small, highly concentrated dose of at least 120 x 106 motile frozen-thawed spermatozoa t o be deposited into the reproductive tract of the doe. Cervical insemination is cheaper and simpler than the laparoscopic method, and this warrants the development of an improved technique for the consistent, deep deposition of frozen-thawed semen through the cervix in a high proportion of does.
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Stefanov, Rossen Georgiev, Georgi Anev, and Desislava Vasileva Abadjieva. "Effect of Different Extenders and Storage Periods on Motility and Fertility of Ram Sperm." Macedonian Veterinary Review 38, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 85–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.14432/j.macvetrev.2014.12.036.
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Abstract The aim of this study was to test the effect of extenders containing different sugar in their composition on ram sperm motility and pregnancy rate of ewe’s following artificial insemination. Semen were collected from ten North-east Bulgarian fine-fleece breed and tested for quality. Semen was diluted with different extenders, with di- and trisaccharides. A series of experiments were repeated in triplicate. Total motility was determined by using Sperm Analysis (SCA, Microptic, Spain). A total of 200 North-east Bulgarian fine-fleece breed mature ewes were used for cervical insemination with a sperm dose at the concentration of 100 × 106 spermatozoa. Pregnancies were diagnosed 60 days after AI by - a real-time ultrasonic scan device (Alloka SSD 500). In conclusion, our experiments demonstrated that higher sperm motility after storage at 4°C for 24 hours and 48 hours has a ram spermatozoa diluted with extender 1, with combination of disaccharides (sucrose and lactose) and trisaccharides (rafinosa). This semen extender (number 1) can be used for successful insemination of ewes and to enhance pregnancy rate after artificial insemination.
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Myagmarsuren, P., U. Myagmardulam, and Ts Haliunaa. "RESULT OF ADVANCED TECHNIQUES FOR ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION IN EWES WITH FROZEN-THAWED SEMEN." Mongolian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 13, no. 2 (June 22, 2015): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjas.v13i2.513.
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In all domestic species, acceptable pregnancy rate with frozen-thawed semen is 20-30% through simply cervical and vaginal insemination. Researchers have proved that achievable high results can be expected only from intrauterine insemination in ewes. Unlike the cow, and goat, the cervix of ewes is a formidable barrier to penetrate for transcervical intrauterine insemination. It is not only due to the physical size of the canal and a narrow luminal diameter (even at estrus), but also due to its caudally facing eccentric series of four to eight funnel-like rings. The major aim of this study was to evaluate a comparison of transcervical and laparoscopic intrauterine artificial insemination techniques with frozen –thawed semen on the reproductive performance of ewes.58ewes of 3-4 years of age, so called Altanbulag subspecies of breed were selected and equally divided into 2 groups for the AI methods from October 15-20, 2013 in the breeding station of Research Institute of Animal Husbandry in Hongor sum, Darhan uul province. The estrus was synchronized with EAZI-BREED TMCIDR in which the progesterone content was 0.3 g. After 12 days, the CIDR were removed, PMSG of 400 and 200 IU were administrated intramuscularly per ewe. The total success of synchronization rate was 93.3%. The results has shown the possibilities of laparoscopic and transcervical AI techniques in 55.17%, 41.37% (p>0.05) of pregnancy rates respectively, with frozen-thawed semen in ewes by ultrasonography diagnosis.Mongolian Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol.13(2) 2014: 43-47
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McCabe, Esther D., Lane P. Sorell, Meng Zhang, Ashley Hartman, Karol E. Fike, Kenneth G. Odde, and David M. Grieger. "71 Imitating the dynamic bovine cervix with 3D printing technology to teach artificial insemination in cattle." Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_3 (November 2, 2020): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa054.258.
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Abstract The process of artificial insemination in cattle is commonly taught using excised reproductive tracts. Excised reproductive tracts can be difficult to collect, and often require freezing and thawing prior to use; however, they are an effective tool to teach artificial insemination (AI) techniques. As an alternative tool, 3D printed cervixes were created using NinjaFlex filament in a Flashforge Creator Pro Dual Extrusion Printer. Designs of cervixes were created with a 3D CAD software while MATLAB was used to generate the random placement of the cervical ring openings to model biological diversity. The objective was to determine the effectiveness of using a 3D printed cervix compared with an excised reproductive tract to teach AI in cattle. Data were collected via surveys for 120 students from 2016 through 2019. Students were divided in two groups prior to entering live animals: 1) Excised reproductive tract and 2) 3D Cervix. The excised reproductive tracts were previously collected, preserved, and confirmed passable by instructors. The 3D cervix group included 3D cervixes mounted in a bovine pelvis inside a box. Overall, 88% of students had success passing the cervix in the cow by the third day. Eighty-seven percent of students thought the excised tracts felt somewhat similar to a live cow, compared with 54% who thought the 3D cervixes alone felt similar to a live cow. When the 3D cervixes were mounted in the box, 17/20 students thought they felt similar to a live cow. For learning AI techniques, 12/21 students thought the excised tracts were more helpful than the 3D cervixes alone (5/21); however, when the 3D cervixes were mounted in the pelvic boxes, 11/21 students preferred this setup compared with the excised tracts (6/21 students). Student feedback suggests the 3D cervixes mounted in pelvic boxes are a useful tool for teaching artificial insemination techniques.
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Yavru, Sibel, Mehmet Kale, Mehmet Gulay, Orhan Yapici, Oya Bulut, and Ayhan Ata. "Effects of bovine viral diarrhoea virus on the fertility of cows." Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 61, no. 2 (June 1, 2013): 281–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/avet.2013.008.
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The aim of the present study was to determine the possible relationship between bovine viral diarrhoea (BVD) virus infection and the appearance of cervical mucous discharge (CMD) and the reproductive performance of cows in oestrus. For this purpose, CMD from 97 Holstein cows in oestrus was evaluated visually before artificial insemination (AI). Cows in oestrus were inseminated with frozen semen free from BVD virus (BVDV). Blood samples were tested by enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) for antigen (Ag) and antibodies (Ab) of BVDV. The presence of the BVDV genome in cervical mucus samples was tested by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The presence of BVDV Ab, Ag or genome was not associated with abnormal cervical mucous discharge (A-CMD). However, the presence of BVDV Ag (but not of the BVDV Ab) in blood samples was associated with a lower first service conception rate (FSCR; 27.8 vs. 70.9%; P < 0.01), indicating that BVDV viraemia at the time of AI has a negative effect on the fertility of cows.
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Priskas, Stergios, Georgios Valergakis, Ioannis Tsakmakidis, Sotiria Vouraki, Vasiliki Papanikolopoulou, Alexandros Theodoridis, and Georgios Arsenos. "The Role of Housing Conditions on the Success of Artificial Insemination in Intensively Reared Dairy Ewes in Greece." Animals 12, no. 19 (October 7, 2022): 2693. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12192693.
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The objective was to assess the effect of housing conditions during the summer months on the success rates of cervical artificial insemination (AI) with cooled semen, in intensively reared dairy ewes in Greece. The study involved 2083 Lacaune ewes from 23 flocks that were serviced during May to September. An estrous synchronization protocol with the insertion of progestogen sponges for 14 days and eCG administration at sponge removal, was used. All ewes were inseminated 54–57 h after sponge removal with cooled semen (15 °C) from 10 Lacaune rams. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed via trans-dermal ultrasonography at 35–40 days after AI. Data recording started the day after sponge placement (15 days prior to AI), and lasted up to 14 days after AI. Daily records included temperature, relative humidity, and Temperature-Humidity Index (THI) inside the shed. Available space and volume per animal, frequency of bedding renewal, access to a yard, and indoor light were also recorded in each farm. Binary logistic regression of data records showed that temperature and THI increases at days −15 to +4 around AI (day 0) had a negative effect on pregnancy rates (reducing the likelihood of pregnancy by 3–6% and 7%, respectively). The latter also decreased significantly (p < 0.05) in farms with high stocking density, non-frequent bedding renewal, and outdoor access by ewes (by 30%, 34%, and 44%, respectively). Overall, the results indicate that appropriate housing conditions are warranted to increase the success of AI in dairy ewes during the summer months.
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López-Gatius, Fernando. "Revisiting the Timing of Insemination at Spontaneous Estrus in Dairy Cattle." Animals 12, no. 24 (December 16, 2022): 3565. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12243565.
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Cows show spontaneous estrus over 8–20 h but become refractory to the bull about 10–12 h before ovulation. This indicates that ovulation occurs 10–12 h after the end of estrus behavior, yet spermatozoa from the bull ejaculate need to undergo maturation and capacitation for 6 to 8 h in the female reproductive tract before they are capable of fertilization. Traditionally, the onset of estrus has been considered the best timing for artificial insemination (AI) in cattle, that is, 6 to 24 h from the first signs of estrus. However, recent findings suggest this interval should be reduced to 16 to 6 h before ovulation, bringing it closer to the end of estrus. In this review, the end of estrus rather than its onset is proposed as the best guide for AI timing in dairy cattle, and physiological indicators of late estrus are discussed such as relaxation of the intravaginal part of the uterus, a lower cervical mucus viscosity and a softer pre-ovulatory follicular consistency as simple cues indicating a cow is ready for service.
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Lloyd, R. E., A. Fazeli, P. F. Watson, and W. V. Holt. "The oviducal protein, heat-shock 70-kDa protein 8, improves the long-term survival of ram spermatozoa during storage at 17°C in a commercial extender." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 24, no. 4 (2012): 543. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd11173.
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Poor fertility rates are often observed when fresh ram semen stored in conventional extenders is used for cervical artificial insemination (AI). Heat-shock 70-kDa protein 8 (HSPA8), found within the oviduct, prolongs boar, ram and bull sperm survival at body temperatures in vitro. Here, we aimed to determine whether supplementing extenders (INRA-96 and RSD-1) with HSPA8 (4 µg mL–1) would improve their performance in maintaining freshly collected ram sperm viability and sperm nuclear DNA integrity during storage over 48 h at 17°C. Sperm function was assessed at 1, 6, 24 and 48 h and this experiment was repeated using 25 × 106 and 800 × 106 spermatozoa mL–1. INRA96 supplemented with HSPA8 maintained sperm viability significantly better than INRA96 alone at both sperm concentrations. However, sperm nuclear DNA fragmentation (DF) increased significantly during storage using the higher sperm concentration, irrespective of the extender and the protein treatment used. Increasing levels of sperm nuclear DF over time could explain why poor fertility rates are often observed following cervical AI using stored ram semen. However, further research is required to ascertain whether supplementing the commercially available INRA96 extender with HSPA8 will improve fertility rates following cervical AI using stored ram semen.
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Lambe, J., W. Forbes, B. M. Olcott, D. E. Sanders, R. A. Godke, and G. T. Gentry. "24 EFFECT OF GnRH ON FIXED-TIMED ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION PREGNANCY RATES OF WHITE-TAILED DEER." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 22, no. 1 (2010): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv22n1ab24.
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During the fall 2008 breeding season in Louisiana, 2 synchronization protocols for fixed-timed artificial insemination (FTAI) in White-tailed deer were assessed. The objective was to determine if GnRH at FTAI improved pregnancy rates in White-tailed deer. White-tailed does (n = 35) with a mean body weight of 65.8 kg (range: 54.0 to 79.8 kg) and average age of 5.9 years (range: 1.5 to 9.5 years) were stratified by weight, age, and last fawning date into 2 groups. Treatment and control synchronization protocols were randomly assigned to each group. Does were synchronized with a CIDR-G device for 14 d and were then subjected to either FTAI 60 hpost-CIDR removal (control, n = 17) or 100 μg (i.m) injection of GnRH at FTAI 60 h post-CIDR removal (treated, n = 18). At insemination (AI), insemination pipette placement score (IP; 0 = at cervical os to 3 = within uterine body), mucous scores (clear/cloudy, viscous/nonviscous, or no secretions), vulva assessments (hyperemic/nonhyperemic and swollen/not swollen), and sperm progressive motility were recorded. Does were inseminated with frozen-thawed sperm (5 × 107 progressively motile cells pre-freeze) from 2 fertile bucks stratified across each treatment group. Starting 28 d following AI, intact bucks (ITB) were introduced into both groups for natural mating. Pregnancy was determined via transrectal ultrasonography 73 or 80 d postinsemination. Does, confirmed pregnant via ultrasonography, had fawns within the reported gestation range of 187 to 222 days. Placentomes were visualized and measured in AI pregnancies (range: 32.7 to 56.2 mm in length), whereas pregnancies derived from ITB presented no identifiable placentomes. However, crown-rump measurements were obtainable from ITB pregnancies (range: 13.4 to 21.7 mm). Five does were not included in the final analyses as they were either lost to predators or removed because of illness. IP (1.4 ± 0.24 v. 1.3 ± 0.30; P = 0.671), mucous classifications (3.0 ± 0.35 v. 2.5 ± 0.39; P = 0.311), vulva assessments (2.1 ± 0.29, 1.7 ± 0.23; P = 0.223), and sperm motility (1.6 ± 0.16, 1.7 ± 0.22; P = 0.829) were not different for pregnant and nonpregnant AI does, respectively. Treatment did not affect AI pregnancy rates (53 v. 27%) or fecundity rates (1.6 v. 1.3 offspring/doe) for the GnRH treated and control groups, respectively. Addition of GnRH to a 14-day estrus synchronization protocol did not result in significantly higher pregnancy rates compared with controls. More studies are needed to determine the effect of GnRH on White-tailed pregnancies following FTAI protocols. We have demonstrated that differentiating pregnancies derived from AI and ITB could be accomplished by utilizing transrectal ultrasonography as early as 73 d postinsemination in White-tailed does.
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Mansur, Md Abdullah Al, Md Golam Shahi Alam, Pankaj Kumar Jha, Md Asaduzzaman Rimon, Nazmun Naher, and Farida Yeasmin Bari. "Conception rate following intra-cervical artificial insemination using frozen semen at field level in indigenous sheep of Bangladesh." Asian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 4, no. 1 (June 7, 2018): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ajmbr.v4i1.36822.
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This study was undertaken to study the AI conception rate using frozen semen at field level. Five farms in Mymensingh, Bangladesh were selected for AI Trial in field ewes. Four rams were selected for semen collection, evaluation, and frozen semen production and further to study conception rate followed by intra-cervical AI in both natural and synchronized ewes. Conception rate were confirmed by non-returned rate and ultrasound scanning at 30-40 days of post insemination. The volume, colour, mass activity, sperm motility, viability, concentration, HOST +ve (%) and normal spermatozoa percentages were 0.8±0.3 ml, 3.9±0.3, 4.4±0.6, 81.3±5.0%, 90.0±4.0%, 3519.0±545.6x106/ml, 87.4±3.3% and 85.6±1.8%, respectively. The sperm concentration of ram R#6 was significantly higher (P<0.05) (4120.5±93.5x106/ml) compared with other rams. The mean motility and viability of pre-dilution, 120 minutes of addition of Part-A, 240 minutes of addition of Part-B and post-thaw were (83.8±4.8%, 81.3±2.5%, 80.0±4.1% and 41.3±9.5%) and (93.3±1.0%, 90.0±1.4%, 88.8±1.0% and 58.3±8.7%), respectively. There were no significant difference (P˃0.05) between pre-dilution and post-dilution sperm motility and viability percentage however, post-thaw sperm motility and viability significantly (P<0.05) decreased compare with the motility and viability of pre-dilution and post-dilution values. Motility and viability percentages of frozen semen did not decrease significantly (P> 0.05) with the increase of preservation time. The mean motility and viability at 24 hrs, day 7, day 15 and day 30 were 41.3±9.5%, 41.5±8.5%, 41.8±9.9% and 40.5±10.2%; and 59.0±10.1%, 58.5±7.7%, 59.0±8.8% and 57.8±8.3%, respectively. The conception rates in natural and synchronized estrous were 26.7% and 25%, respectively. There was no significant difference in conception rates between the natural and synchronized oestrous in field level. However, the present non-return rate and conception rate indicate the suitability of produced frozen semen application in the field level.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. March 2018, 4(1): 55-62
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Naher, N., NS Juyena, PK Jha, MRI Talukder, MGS Alam, and FY Bari. "Factors influencing the pregnancy rate in indigenous ewes following AI using frozen semen." Bangladesh Veterinarian 33, no. 2 (April 24, 2018): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bvet.v33i2.36456.
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Study was conducted to observe the influence of different factors on pregnancy rate in 24 indigenous ewes following artificial insemination (AI) with frozen semen. The ewes were synchronized by intra-muscular injection of Prostaglandin F2α (Ovuprost® Bayer, New Zealand). The onset and intensity of oestrus were determined by oestrus behaviour of ewes with vasectomized ram. VER values were measured immediately before AI using electrical heat detector (DRAMINSKI®, Owocowa 17, Poland). Twelve ewes were inseminated trans-cervically and 12 laparoscopically. Five ewes were treated with Misoprostol (Cytomis® 200 µg tablet; Incepta Pharmaceuticals Ltd. Bangladesh) to relax the cervix 12 hours before TCAI, and cervical penetration depth was measured by a steel rod. Pregnancy was confirmed by ultrasonography at 40 – 45 days after AI. Cervical penetration depth was significantly increased (P<0.05) (0.48 ± 0.04 vs. 3.52 ± 0.17 cm) in treatment group. The pregnancy rate tended to be higher in treatment group (60.0 vs. 28.6%). In treatment group cervical penetration was significantly increased (P<0.05) (0.35 ± 0.08 vs. 3.52 ± 0.17 cm) immediately before AI compared with before oestrus synchronization. The pregnancy rate was significantly higher (P<0.05) (75.0 vs. 28.6%) in LAPAI than TCAI without treatment. The pregnancy rate tended to be higher (75.0 vs. 55.6%) in ewes with high oestrus intensity than in those with medium intensity. The pregnancy rate was significantly higher (P<0.05 : 70.0 vs. 20.0%) in lower VER group (230 - 280 Ω) compared with higher VER group (331 – 380 Ω.) Although LAPAI was superior to TCAI, TCAI in ewes treated with misoprostol giving a pregnancy rate of 60% could be acceptable, until the LAPAI could be made simpler to be used in field. The oestrus intensity and low VER values could be used to select ewes to be inseminated to increase the pregnancy rate.Bangl. vet. 2016. Vol. 33, No. 2, 33-38
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RANJAN, R., A. K. GOEL, S. D. KHARCHE, R. PRIYADHARSINI, N. RAMACHANDRAN, M. K. SINGH, R. KUMAR, et al. "Effect of cervical insemination with frozen semen on fertility of Indian goat breed." Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 90, no. 4 (September 1, 2020): 557–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijans.v90i4.104195.
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Artificial Insemination (AI) has great potential to multiply superior quality of goat with faster rate in spite of lower conception rate. This technique will spread elite genetic material throughout a population and is also important for breed conservation and has paved the way for other reproductive biotechnologies. Ejaculates from bucks aged between 2–4 years old from Jamunapari, Barbari, Sirohi and Jakhrana were collected using artificial vagina, twice a week. Immediately after collection, the volume, colour, consistency, and mass motility of ejaculate were assessed and were extended with Tris -Egg yolk- Fructose diluent having 10% (v/v) egg yolk and glycerol 6% (v/v). Sperm concentrations were adjusted to 1×108/ml and diluted semen was equilibrated at 5°C for 4 h before being frozen. The post thaw motility in Jamunapari and Barbari was significantly higher then Jakhrana and Sirohi. In two major breeding seasons (May–June and October–November), 181 goats of different breeds (Barbari, Jakhrana, Jamunapari and Sirohi) including 35 goats in villages were intra-cervical inseminated with frozen semen in natural estrous condition. The kidding percentage in Barbari, Jamunapari, Jakhrana and Sirohi were 53.12±2.40%, 34.61±1.96%, 26.53±2.12% and 28.57±2.32% respectively. Overall, a success rate of 37.57% was recorded on the basis of actual kidding rate irrespective of goat breed maintained at this institute under semi-intensive management system. The best post thaw quality of buck semen and comparative deeper cervical insemination in Barbari and Jamunapri breeds results in higher conception and kidding percent compared to other breeds (Sirohi and Jakhrana).
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Bajagić, Bojana, Janko Mrkun, Danijela Kirovski, Đorđe Savić, Draženko Budimir, Jelena Maletić, and Milan Maletić. "Assessment of different diagnostic methods for the identification of subclinical endometritis in dairy cows with pathological puerperium and their reliability to conceive." Acta Veterinaria 71, no. 4 (December 1, 2021): 462–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/acve-2021-0038.
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Abstract The aim of study was to evaluate different methods for subclinical endometritis (SCE) diagnoses and their accuracy to predict pregnancy. The study was performed on 51 postpartum cross breed dairy cows with pathological puerperium. Artificial insemination (AI) was done in spontaneous estrus. Endometrium samples were taken by cytotape (CT), cervical mucus (CM) samples by Metricheck and smears for crystallization degree were obtained at AI day. Blood serum samples for progesterone (P4) concentration determination were taken at AI day and 17 days later. Cows were examined by ultrasound 35 days after AI to confirm pregnancy. Percent (%) of polymorphnuclear leukocytes (PMNs) taken by CT were expressed by ROC curve (with cut-off point set at 1%). Out of the total of 51 cows involved in the study, 13.73% true positive and 41.17% true negative cows were found (54.90%). The content of CM sampled with Metricheck was altered in 11 cows (21.57%), and one of them was pregnant (1.96%). An average macroscopic CM value for pregnant cows was 0.06±0.24 vs. 0.39±0.79 for non-pregnant (p<0.05). An average value of CM crystallization in pregnant cows was 2.50±1.04 vs. 1.85±1.15 in non-pregnant (p<0.05). P4 concentration was not statistically different at AI day, but was statistically significantly higher 17 days later in pregnant cows (p = 0.002). CT alterations may be a reliable diagnostic tool for SCE diagnosis, while macroscopic CM alterations may be used for CE detection. P4 determination is beneficial in pregnancy diagnosis while CM crystallization degree is helpful in determination of best time for AI.
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Yong, H., B. S. Bae, S. D. Kim, and S. H. Hyun. "160 SUCCESSFUL PREGNANCY IN ESTRUS-SYNCHRONIZED HIMALAYAN TAHRS (HEMITRAGUS JEMLAHICUS) BY TRANSCERVICALLY INSEMINATING FRESH AND EXTENDED-CHILLED SEMEN COLLECTED BY ELECTROEJACULATION." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 23, no. 1 (2011): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv23n1ab160.
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In December 2009, 8 female Himalayan tahrs (Hemitragus jemlahicus) were synchronized by inserting CIDR devices for 13 or 15 days. One day before removal of the CIDRs, a combination of pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) 400 IU and hCG 200 IU (PG600®, Intervet, Boxmeer, the Netherlands) was intramuscularly injected into each animal and PGF2α was injected at the time of CIDR withdrawal. Semen was collected by electrical stimulation, diluted, cooled to 5°C for 2 h, and maintained in a refrigerator before performing AI twice. Pregnancy diagnosis was conducted by Doppler ultrasonography on March 2, 2010. Four female Himalayan tahrs were impregnated, showing a fetus present in their uteri. In the first experiment in which CIDRs were inserted into the vagina of 4 Himalayan tahrs for 13 days, 3 of the tahrs were transcervically inseminated with fresh semen, whereas 1 was inseminated with frozen–thawed semen 33 h after CIDR removal. As a second insemination experiment, 46 h after CIDR removal, all 4 tahrs were inseminated with diluted (1:3) fresh semen. While the tahr that was later inseminated with frozen–thawed semen did not become pregnant, the other 3 Himalayan tahrs became pregnant. In the second experiment, CIDR devices were inserted into the vaginas of 4 Himalayan tahrs for 15 days. Extended (1:7)-chilled semen was used for transcervical insemination 42 and 49 h after CIDR withdrawal. When performing the second insemination, it was difficult or impossible to penetrate cervical canals. Thus, only 1 tahr became pregnant. These findings show 13 days of CIDR insertion, the dose of PMSG 400 IU and hCG 200 IU, and the use of PGF2α as beneficial for inducing oestrus synchronization, and prove that extended-chilled semen may also be used for artificial breeding of Himalayan tahrs. This is the first report of successful pregnancy induced by artificial insemination of fresh or extended-chilled semen in oestrus-synchronized Himalayan tahrs.
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Alvarez-Rodriguez, Manuel, Mohammad Atikuzzaman, Heli Venhoranta, Dominic Wright, and Heriberto Rodriguez-Martinez. "Expression of Immune Regulatory Genes in the Porcine Internal Genital Tract Is Differentially Triggered by Spermatozoa and Seminal Plasma." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 3 (January 25, 2019): 513. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20030513.
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Mating or cervical deposition of spermatozoa or seminal plasma (SP) modifies the expression of genes affecting local immune defense processes at the oviductal sperm reservoir in animals with internal fertilization, frequently by down-regulation. Such responses may occur alongside sperm transport to or even beyond the reservoir. Here, immune-related gene expression was explored with cDNA microarrays on porcine cervix-to-infundibulum tissues, pre-/peri-ovulation. Samples were collected 24 h post-mating or cervical deposition of sperm-peak spermatozoa or SP (from the sperm-peak fraction or the whole ejaculate). All treatments of this interventional study affected gene expression. The concerted action of spermatozoa and SP down-regulated chemokine and cytokine (P00031), interferon-gamma signaling (P00035), and JAK/STAT (P00038) pathways in segments up to the sperm reservoir (utero-tubal junction (UTJ)/isthmus). Spermatozoa in the vanguard sperm-peak fraction (P1-AI), uniquely displayed an up-regulatory effect on these pathways in the ampulla and infundibulum. Sperm-free SP, on the other hand, did not lead to major effects on gene expression, despite the clinical notion that SP mitigates reactivity by the female immune system after mating or artificial insemination.
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Martinez, Cristina A., Josep M. Cambra, Maria A. Gil, Inmaculada Parrilla, Manuel Alvarez-Rodriguez, Heriberto Rodriguez-Martinez, Cristina Cuello, and Emilio A. Martinez. "Seminal Plasma Induces Overexpression of Genes Associated with Embryo Development and Implantation in Day-6 Porcine Blastocysts." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 10 (May 22, 2020): 3662. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21103662.
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The infusion of boar seminal plasma (SP) before artificial insemination (AI) positively alters the expression of endometrial genes and pathways involved in embryo development. This study aimed to determine which transcriptome changes occur in preimplantation embryos in response to SP infusions during estrus. Postweaning estrus sows received 40-mL intrauterine infusions of either SP (N = 6) or BTS extender (control group; N = 6) 30 min before each of two post-cervical AIs. On Day 6, embryos were surgically collected and analyzed for differential gene expression. Microarray analysis of embryos revealed 210 annotated genes, differentially expressed (p-value < 0.05 and fold change </> 2) in SP-blastocysts, compared to controls. Most of these genes were associated with biological, cellular, metabolic and developmental processes. The pathways enriched among the upregulated genes related to signal transduction, cellular processes and the endocrine system. Among altered genes involved in these pathways, the SP-group showed a conspicuous overexpression of ApoA-I, CDK1, MAPK1, SMAD2, PRKAA1 and RICTOR, with reported key roles in embryo development, implantation, or progression of pregnancy. In conclusion, the results demonstrate that SP infusions prior to AI upregulates the expression of embryo development related genes in Day 6 pig embryos.
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DOGAN, I., Z. NUR, and B. KILINC. "Different estrus induction protocols and fixed time artificial insemination during the anoestrous period in non-lactating Kivircik ewes." Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society 69, no. 1 (May 2, 2018): 801. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.16429.
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The efficiency of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MAP) sponges or norgestomet ear implants (half or entire) for synchronizing and inducing the estrous cycle in non-lactating Kivircik ewes was investigated during the natural non-breeding period. Ewes were treated for 11 days either with 60 mg MAP sponges (group 1, n=27) or with 1.5 mg norgestomet (group 2, n=25) or with 3 mg norgestomet (group 3, n=27) ear implants. In addition, each ewe received an intramuscular injection of 500 IU of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) and 125 μg cloprostenol (PGF2α), 48 h prior to progestagen removal. Double Cervical Artificial Insemination (AI) with diluted fresh semen was performed at a fixed time (36 and 48 h) following progestagen withdrawal. Mean values for estrous detection rates at the first 12 ± 6 h and within 72 h, the time from progestagen removal to the onset of estrous, the duration of the induced estrous and pregnancy rate were found to be 46.8%, 86.1%, 26.1 ± 7.3 h, 27.0 ± 10.7 h and 27.8%, respectively. There were significant differences between groups 2 and 3 in the time of induced estrous onset (P<0.05). These results indicate that, each of the three protocols was equally efficient in inducing and synchronizing estrus in non-lactating Kivircik ewes during the natural non-breeding period.
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Tsiligianni, T., A. Karagiannidis, N. Roubies, P. Saratsis, and P. Brikas. "Concentration of calcium, zinc, magnesium, potassium and sodium in the bovine cervical mucus during normal oestrus and oestrus induced by progesterone and/or PGF2α." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 14, no. 7 (2002): 427. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd02011.
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Ninety-two healthy Friesian cows were used to determine the concentration of calcium (Ca), zinc (Zn), magnesium (Mg), potassium (K) and sodium (Na) in bovine cervical mucus and to compare these concentrations in cervical mucus collected during spontaneous and induced oestrus. Cows were assigned to four groups: (1) no treatment (2) PRID for 12 days plus pregnant mare's serum gonadotrophin (PMSG; 1000 IU, i.m.) at the removal of the PRID (3) PGF2α , two doses (6 mg, i.m.) 11 days apart, and (4) PRID for 7 days plus one dose of PGF2α (6 mg, i.m.) 24 h before removal of the PRID. The cows of the three induced-oestrus groups received two artificial inseminations (AI), whereas those in the spontaneous-oestrus group received only one. Cervical mucus samples were collected from all cows 5 to 30 min before the first AI. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: (1) viscosity was significantly lower (P<0.001) and crystallization was significantly (P<0.001) higher in the cervical mucus of cows in the spontaneous-oestrus group compared with cows in the induced-oestrus groups; (2)�Na concentration was similar in all groups; (3) concentration of all the other elements in the spontaneous-oestrus group was significantly lower (P<0.05) than in the induced-oestrus groups; (4) there was significant positive correlation (P<0.001) between viscosity and all elements, and significant negative correlation (P<0.05–P<0.001) between crystallization and all elements.
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Bas, S., A. Hoet, P. Rajala-Schultz, D. Sanders, and G. M. Schuenemann. "10 EFFECT OF USING PROTECTIVE AI COVER SHEATHS ON FERTILITY OF LACTATING DAIRY COWS." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 22, no. 1 (2010): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv22n1ab10.
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An adequate and clean artificial insemination (AI) technique is recommended to maximize reproductive outcomes in dairy cattle. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of using protective sheaths (PS; Continental Plastic Inc., Delavan, WI, USA) to minimize contamination of the AI catheter (AIC) on pregnancies per AI (P/AI) in lactating dairy cattle. A previous study reported no improvement on cattle fertility when using PS during first service AI (King et al. 1984 Can. Vet. J. 25, 327). Lactating cows housed in free-stall barns on a commercial dairy farm with a rolling herd milk production average of 10.140 kg were presynchronized with 2 injections of PGF2α (25 mg; Lutalyse, Pharmacia & Upjohn, Kalamazoo, MI, USA) given 14 days apart (starting at 26 ± 3 d postpartum) followed by Ovsynch [OV; GnRH-7 d-PGF2α-56 h-GnRH-16 h-timed-AI(TAI)] 12 days later. Cows presenting signs of standing heat any time during the protocol received AI, whereas the remaining animals were subjected to TAI16 h after second OV GnRH (100 μg; Cystorelin, Merial, Duluth, GA, USA). At the moment of AI (one AI technician), 996 services from lactating dairy cows were randomly assigned to 1 of the 2 groups; with (TRT, n = 487) or without (CON, n = 509) the use of PS. In the TRT group, the AIC protected with a PS was introduced into the vagina; once in the cranial portion of the vagina adjacent to the cervical os, the PS was pulled back and only the AIC was manipulated through the cervix into the uterine body for semen deposition. In the CON group, cows received AI without the PS. Additionally, sterile cotton swab (BD, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA) samples were taken from AIC (n = 51) after AI from both treatment groups. Pregnancy diagnosis was determined by ultrasonography 42 ± 3 d after AI. Data analyses were performed using GLIMMIX (P/AI) and FREQ (culture) procedures of SAS (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA). Cultured swab samples revealed that the use of PS was effective in minimizing contamination of the AIC (bacterial growth on AIC; TRT = 57.7% v. CON = 100%; P < 0.0002). Overall, the proportion of cows pregnant (all services) was greater (P = 0.03) for cows in TRT (42.7 ± 2.2%) compared with CON group (36.1 ± 2.1%). For first services postpartum, P/AI did not differ (P = 0.87) between CON (43.01 ± 4.4%) and TRT (43.8 ± 4.6%) groups. However, P/AI for second or greater services (≥2S) were greater (P = 0.007) in TRT (43.8 ± 2.9%) than in CON cows (32.3 ± 2.6%). Results from this study suggested that the use of PS during AI improved P/AI for ≥2S in lactating dairy cows. Performing a clean AI technique through the use of PS may be a cost-effective strategy to improve reproductive outcomes in dairy cattle. Further investigation is needed under various reproductive management conditions to confirm and determine the underlying mechanisms for these findings. Authors thank Coba/Select Sires Inc. (Columbus, OH, USA) for the donation of the AI protector sheaths, Meerland Dairy for providing the animals and Brian Alkire (Coba’s AI technician).
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Riesco, Marta F., Mercedes Alvarez, Luis Anel-Lopez, Marta Neila-Montero, Cristina Palacin-Martinez, Rafael Montes-Garrido, Juan Carlos Boixo, Paulino de Paz, and Luis Anel. "Multiparametric Study of Antioxidant Effect on Ram Sperm Cryopreservation—From Field Trials to Research Bench." Animals 11, no. 2 (January 23, 2021): 283. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11020283.
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The optimization of sperm cryopreservation protocols in ram is a feasible tool to reinforce artificial insemination technologies considering the desirable application of sperm by vaginal/cervical or transcervical deposition. Cryopreservation provokes different types of damage on spermatozoa and many of these detrimental effects are triggered by redox deregulation. For this reason, the antioxidant supplementation in sperm cryopreservation protocols to decrease reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and to equilibrate redox status has been widely employed in different species. Despite this, more fertility trials are necessary to provide the definitive tool to ensure the antioxidant effectiveness on sperm quality. For this reason, in this work, we performed a multiparametric analysis of some previously tested antioxidants (crocin, GSH and Trolox) on ram sperm cryopreservation from field trials to sperm quality analyses focused on new strategies to measure redox balance. Attending to fertility trial, Trolox supplementation registered an improvement concerning to fertility (when we considered high fertility males) and multiple lambing frequency and other complementary and descriptive data related to lambing performance such as prolificacy and fecundity. This positive effect was more evident in multiple lambing frequency when we considered low fertility males than in global male analysis. In vitro analyses of sperm quality confirmed in vivo trials registering a positive effect on sperm viability and redox balance. In this study, we provided the definitive evidence that the role of trolox on redox balance maintenance has a direct effect on fertility parameters, such as prolificacy. The effectiveness of antioxidant treatments was tested, for the first time in ovine species, using an integrative and multiparametric approach combining in vivo and in vitro analyses and novel approaches, such as RedoxSYS. These types of strategies should be applied to improve sperm conservation methods and optimize AI technologies upgrading the correlation between in vitro and in vivo analyses.
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Dogan, I., Z. Nur, U. Gunay, H. Sagirkaya, Soylu MK, and C. Sonmez. "Estrous synchronization during the natural breeding season in Anatolian black does." Veterinární Medicína 50, No. 1 (March 27, 2012): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5594-vetmed.
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The efficiency of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MAP) and fluorogestone acetate (FGA) sponges with or without PGF<sub>2α</sub> (cloprostenol) for synchronizing estrous in non-lactating does was investigated during the natural breeding season. Does were treated for 11 days with 60 mg MAP (n = 38) or 40 mg FGA (n = 32) sponges. All does also received intramuscular injections of 500 IU PMSG. In addition, 19 and 14 of the does synchronized with MAP and FGA respectively, were injected with 125 μg cloprostenol and the remaining does from both groups were injected with 1.5 ml of sterile saline solution, 48 h prior the sponge removal. Cervical artificial insemination (AI) with diluted fresh semen was performed at a fixed time (36 and 48 h) following progestagen withdrawal. The different groups estrous response for the first 12 ± 6 h and within 66 h, time to onset and duration of the induced estrous, and pregnancy rate was found to be 52.6%, 92.9%, 20.6 ± 0.8 h, 29.7 ± 1.3 h, and 70.0%, respectively. There were significant differences between groups FGA/PMSG/PGF<sub>2α</sub> and MAP/PMSG in terms of the duration of induced estrous (P < 0.05) and between groups FGA/PMSG/PGF<sub>2α</sub> and FGA/PMSG in terms of estrous response at the first 12 ± 6 h (P < 0.05). These results indicate that, the use of MAP/PMSG and FGA/PMSG intravaginal progestagen treatments with or without cloprostenol are equally efficient in synchronizing estrous in non-lactating hair goats during the natural breeding season.
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B.R. Candappa, Ivanka. "A Review of Advances in Artificial Insemination (AI) and Embryo Transfer (ET) in Sheep, with the Special Reference to Hormonal Induction of Cervical Dilation and its Implications for Controlled Animal Reproduction and Surgical Techniques." Open Reproductive Science Journal 3, no. 1 (December 30, 2011): 162–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874255601103010162.
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Dogan, I., and Z. Nur. "Different estrous induction methods during the non-breeding season in Kivircik ewes." Veterinární Medicína 51, No. 4 (March 20, 2012): 133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5532-vetmed.
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The efficiency of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MAP) sponges in combination with either pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMSG) or cloprostenol (PGF<sub>2α</sub>) for inducing and synchronizing the estrous cycle in non-lactating Kivircik ewes was investigated during the natural non-breeding season. All ewes (n = 69) were treated with 60 mg MAP sponges for 12 days. In addition, each ewe received an intramuscular injection of either 1.5 ml sterile saline solution (n = 18); 125 μg PGF<sub>2α</sub> (n = 14); 500 IU PMSG (n = 18) or 500 IU PMSG and 125 μg PGF<sub>2α</sub> (n = 19), 48 h before the sponge removal. Cervical artificial insemination (AI) with diluted fresh semen was performed at a fixed time (48 and 60 h) following progestagen withdrawal. The different groups estrous response for the first 24 ± 6 h and within 120 h, time to onset and duration of the induced estrous, and pregnancy rate was found to be 36.2%, 81.6%, 41.7 ± 2.3 h, 29.6 ± 1.5 h, and 54.5%, respectively. There were significant differences between groups MAP and MAP/PGF<sub>2α</sub> and their with the two latter groups (MAP/PMSG, MAP/PMSG/PGF<sub>2α</sub>) in terms of the onset of induced estrous (P < 0.05) and between groups MAP and MAP/PGF<sub>2α</sub> in terms of the duration of induced estrous (P < 0.05) and between the first two groups (MAP, MAP/PGF<sub>2α</sub>) and the latter two groups (MAP/PMSG, MAP/PMSG/PGF<sub>2α</sub>) in terms of estrous response at the first 24 ± 6 h (P < 0.05). These results indicate that, the use of MAP/PMSG, rather than MAP or MAP/PGF<sub>2α</sub>, was effective in the attainment of early and compact induction and synchronization of estrous in non-lactating Kivircik ewes during the natural non-breeding season.
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Zelenina, N. V., and V. G. Abashin. "Artificial insemination: ethical and legal issues." Journal of obstetrics and women's diseases 54, no. 1 (June 1, 2005): 132–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/jowd81604.
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Ethical and legal issues related to artificial insemination (AI) are considered. The psychological problems of children conceived with the help of AI with donor sperm according to an anonymous or open program are discussed. Attention is drawn to the peculiarities of the legal aspects of preliminary cryopreservation of sperm of young cancer patients who are to undergo chemotherapy or radiation therapy, as well as military personnel of special risk. The article describes the legal difficulties of posthumous reproduction that arise when AI is performed with the sperm of a deceased husband. The position of the Orthodox Church on the issues under consideration is stated.
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Evans, G. "Current Topics in Artificial Insemination of Sheep." Australian Journal of Biological Sciences 41, no. 1 (1988): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bi9880103.
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There have been developments in several aspects of artificial insemination (AI) in recent years, some of which have been directly responsible for proliferation of AI in the sheep-breeding industries of several countries. The most notable advances have probably been associated with the development of intrauterine insemination by laparoscopy. There is potential for refinement of some of the related techniques, particularly in the area of control of ovulation and definition of appropriate times and optimum doses of spermatozoa for insemination. It is unlikely that laparoscopic AI will be developed sufficiently that it will become readily affordable, and therefore widely practised, by commercial producers.
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Faigl, Vera, Nóra Vass, András Jávor, Margit Kulcsár, László Solti, Georgios Amiridis, and Sándor Cseh. "Artificial insemination of small ruminants — A review." Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 60, no. 1 (March 1, 2012): 115–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/avet.2012.010.
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Artificial insemination (AI) can undoubtedly be regarded as the oldest and most widely used assisted reproductive technique/technology (ART) applied in livestock production and it is one of the most important ARTs. The three cornerstones of its application are that it is simple, economical and successful. Artificial insemination offers many well-known benefits for producers. Fresh, fresh + diluted + chilled and frozen semen can be used for AI in small ruminants. To ensure its successful use, the AI technique must be selected on the basis of the type of semen planned to be used. This review paper gives a detailed overview of semen processing and its effects on semen quality, as well as of the AI techniques applied in small ruminants and their success rates.
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Dfde, T. I., and J. Steinbach. "ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION OF PIGS IN NIGERIA." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 4, no. 2 (January 10, 2021): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v4i2.2303.
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The beneficial effects of the use of Al and the stage of development in pigs in Nigeria were reviewed. A method for the training of the boars to mount an artificial dummy sow for the collection of semen for an AI programme has been modified for the Nigerian situation was adopted and perfected for this purpose. The normal procedure for the evaluation of semen samples have been used as one of the various methods for the selection of desirable sires for an AI programme
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Nugraha, Angga, Agustina Abdullah, and Nurani Sirajuddin. "Tingkat Adopsi Inovasi Ib (Inseminasi Buatan) Pada Peternak Sapi Potong Di Kecamatan Lalabata Kabupaten Soppeng Adoption Of Innovation Ai ( Artificial Insemination ) Breeder In." AVES: Jurnal Ilmu Peternakan 10, no. 2 (December 8, 2016): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.35457/aves.v10i2.187.
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The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which farmers in adopting the technology of artificial insemination by measuring the time it takes breeders from receipt of the information to be applied , the quality of AI ( Application and recommendation ) , and Area Applied IB in cattle . The research was conducted in August - September 2014 against 30 respondents from 30 populations breeders who use technology AI ( Artificial Insemination ) . Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics by using tables Distribution Frekuwensi results showed adoption rate of technological innovation Artificial Insemination ( AI ) in beef cattle farms in the district Lalabata Soppeng ie Stage time is needed breeders from the receipt of the information to be obtained on application High category in the sense of the ability of farmers to adopt an innovation has been rapid , stage area located on the application of Low Category this suggests that the broad application of the implementation of the AI in the district as a whole Lalabata the breeder has done these activities , but not all animals in peliharanya apply technology Artificial Insemination ( AI ) , and Phase AI quality is in the category Medium this suggests that the quality of AI in District Lalabata Soppeng ie almost entirely of farmers already know the signs of estrus in livestock before conducting AI. Keywords : Adoption Levels , Artificial Insemination , Beef Cattle Breeders
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Nugraha, Angga, Agustina Abdullah, and Nurani Sirajuddin. "Tingkat Adopsi Inovasi Ib (Inseminasi Buatan) Pada Peternak Sapi Potong Di Kecamatan Lalabata Kabupaten Soppeng Adoption Of Innovation Ai ( Artificial Insemination ) Breeder In." AVES: Jurnal Ilmu Peternakan 10, no. 2 (December 8, 2016): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.30957/aves.v10i2.187.
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The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which farmers in adopting the technology of artificial insemination by measuring the time it takes breeders from receipt of the information to be applied , the quality of AI ( Application and recommendation ) , and Area Applied IB in cattle . The research was conducted in August - September 2014 against 30 respondents from 30 populations breeders who use technology AI ( Artificial Insemination ) . Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics by using tables Distribution Frekuwensi results showed adoption rate of technological innovation Artificial Insemination ( AI ) in beef cattle farms in the district Lalabata Soppeng ie Stage time is needed breeders from the receipt of the information to be obtained on application High category in the sense of the ability of farmers to adopt an innovation has been rapid , stage area located on the application of Low Category this suggests that the broad application of the implementation of the AI in the district as a whole Lalabata the breeder has done these activities , but not all animals in peliharanya apply technology Artificial Insemination ( AI ) , and Phase AI quality is in the category Medium this suggests that the quality of AI in District Lalabata Soppeng ie almost entirely of farmers already know the signs of estrus in livestock before conducting AI. Keywords : Adoption Levels , Artificial Insemination , Beef Cattle Breeders
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Thangavelu, G., M. Gobikrushanth, M. G. Colazo, and D. J. Ambrose. "Pregnancy per artificial insemination and pregnancy loss in lactating dairy cows of a single herd following timed artificial insemination or insemination at detected estrus." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 95, no. 3 (September 2015): 383–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas-2014-122.
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Thangavelu, G., Gobikrushanth, M., Colazo, M. G. and Ambrose, D. J. 2015. Pregnancy per artificial insemination and pregnancy loss in lactating dairy cows of a single herd following timed artificial insemination or insemination at detected estrus. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 95: 383–388. The objective of this retrospective study was to determine the factors affecting pregnancy per artificial insemination (P/AI) and pregnancy loss in lactating dairy cattle. Breeding records (n=1466) for 5 consecutive years were evaluated from one dairy herd. The effects of type of breeding [timed artificial insemination (TAI; n=1246) vs. insemination at detected estrus (IDE; n=220)], parity (primiparous vs. multiparous), body condition score (BCS; low ≤2.5 vs. high >2.5), year, season (summer vs. other seasons) and fertility group (high fertile <3 vs. low fertile ≥3 inseminations), on P/AI and pregnancy loss (i.e., late embryonic/early fetal loss, abortion and stillbirth) were determined using the GLIMMIX procedures of SAS software. Pregnancy per AI was influenced by type of breeding and season. Pregnancy per AI was lower (P<0.05) in cows that were TAI (28.7%) than IDE (37.1%) and during summer (30.3%) than other seasons of the year (35.5%). Pregnancy loss was higher (P<0.05) in low BCS (9.1%) than in high BCS (1.9%) cows. However, parity, year, and fertility group affected neither P/AI nor pregnancy loss.
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PANDA, PRATIKSHYA, RUPASI TIWARI, TRIVENI DUTT, and RAKESH ROY. "Information needs of paravets on artificial insemination in India." Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 90, no. 5 (September 10, 2020): 716–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijans.v90i5.104612.
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The present study was conducted to assess the information needs of the paravets on Artificial Insemination (AI) in India. Paravets (160) were selected having equal representation from 4 different parts of India (Gujarat, Rajasthan, Telangana and Odisha). Questionnaire and telephonic survey method was used for data collection. The information needs on AI among paravets was assessed under four sub-groups, viz. information needs on heat detection, AI techniques, post-AI practices and miscellaneous information related to AI. Results revealed that the most needed information was symptoms of heat in buffaloes and pregnancy diagnosis both bearing 1st rank (MWS=7.22), followed by address of semen stations (MWS=6.09) with 2nd rank, rectal palpation (MWS=5.97) ranked 3rd, signs of heat in cattle (MWS=5.91) ranked 4th and use of crystoscope for checking fern pattern (MWS=5.68) with 5th rank. Earlier researchers have established that proper AI technique is essential for improving conception rate. Hence, along with provision of training courses on AI, there is a need to focus on creating efficient information systems platform incorporating knowledge related to AI which can be easily accessed by the paravets. Further, the paravets need to be trained on the use of digital tools for faster information delivery and ease of use. Efforts are also needed for continuous education of the paravets for enhancing the effectiveness of AI. Convergence of various information dissemination efforts of the government and non-government sector, and more number of multipronged information channels are required to fulfil the information needs of the paravets.
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Fennessy, P. F., C. G. Mackintosh, and G. H. Shackell. "Artificial insemination of farmed red deer (Cervus elaphus)." Animal Science 51, no. 3 (December 1990): 613–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003356100012654.
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ABSTRACTSix experiments involving the artificial insemination (AI) of a total of 300 female red deer (hinds) with frozen-thawed red deer semen (collected by electro-ejaculation) were conducted over 3 years. Insemination took place at fixed times following various oestrous synchronization procedures using progesterone withdrawal and treatment with pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin (PMSG). In the 1st year, the experiments evaluated basic AI techniques in which pregnancy rates were 45% in 20 hinds receiving two inseminations per vaginam (PV) and 56% in 27 hinds inseminated by the laparoscopic intrauterine method (IU). In the 2nd year, the experiments involved comparisons of the progesterone regime, one or two PV inseminations, and the timing of a single PV insemination. There was no effect of replacement of the progesterone device after 9 days and withdrawal 3 days later compared with the use of one device for the whole period in two experiments. The pregnancy rate for a double PV insemination was significantly higher than for a single PV insemination (58 and 34%; P < 0·05) and there was also a small effect of timing of insemination relative to the synchronization treatment. In the 3rd year all hinds were inseminated by the IU method. The experiments involved a comparison of various times of AI following progesterone withdrawal and a comparison of the progesterone regime. The overall pregnancy rate for 63 hinds inseminated was 56% with no difference between three times of insemination (48, 52 and 55 h). In the second experiment, the difference in pregnancy rate between treatment with progesterone for 15 days and 12 days (44 and 72% for 18 hinds per group) was not significant, but the interaction between the length of progesterone treatment and insemination time was significant (P < 0·05), with the 12-day progesterone/55 h insemination giving a much higher pregnancy rate than the 15-day/55 h insemination (89 and 20% respectively). Although no experiments involved direct comparisons of the routes of insemination, overall pregnancy rates were 56% for IU, 53% for double PV and 35% for single PV inseminations.
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Walker, Claire. "Investigating cattle artificial insemination technique on farm." Livestock 25, no. 1 (January 2, 2020): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/live.2020.25.1.13.
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‘Do it yourself’ artificial insemination (DIY AI) is employed on many cattle enterprises in the UK. This requires the client having a number of skills that should be properly assessed when veterinarians are assisting with fertility management on the farm. When analysis of farm data suggest that conception rates are suffering due to AI technique, the process from ‘tank to cow’ needs to be investigated. The areas to be addressed must include oestrus detection, semen storage, handling and thawing of frozen semen, handling of thawed semen and placement of the semen. For the latter a good understanding of the bovine reproductive tract is essential.
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Palacios, Carlos, José A. Abecia, Javier Plaza, Cristina Hidalgo, and Luis F. de la Fuente. "Efficiency of Artificial Insemination at Natural Estrus in Organic Churra Ewes." Veterinary Sciences 9, no. 7 (July 18, 2022): 370. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9070370.
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Hormonal treatments used in the artificial insemination (AI) of sheep can cause several physiological problems that can affect negatively fertility and animal health; however, AI protocols based on the detection of natural estrus offer a more sustainable option and can achieve high fertility. In this study, an AI protocol at natural estrus in organic Churra sheep was performed. In the first phase (AI protocol development), 125 ewes were exocervically inseminated, and their fertility was assessed based on the following factors: number of AI, physiological state, body condition, estrus detection–AI interval, and vaginal fluids in cervix. That protocol was repeated for six consecutive years. In all individuals, fertilities based on the timing of insemination after estrus detection were very high. Lactating ewes produced better results than did dry ewes, which was probably because of the better feeding of the former. In addition, double insemination increased the fertility of ewes whose estrus was detected within 16 h of onset. Body condition and amount of vaginal fluid were correlated with fertility. Exocervical inseminations at natural estrus can produce acceptable fertility and prolificity in Churra ewes.
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Malecki, I. A., P. K. Rybnik, and G. B. Martin. "Artificial insemination technology for ratites: a review." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 48, no. 10 (2008): 1284. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea08141.
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In ratite farming, the low male to female ratio in the mating system restricts genetic improvement and prevents reduction of the number of males kept on-farm for fertilisation of the female flock. These issues can be overcome and the industry can better realise its potential by using artificial insemination (AI) technology. It is the only practical method for intensive genetic improvement of reproduction and the production of eggs, chicks, oil, meat and leather. For AI to be feasible, we need reliable methods for semen collection, artificial insemination, prolonged storage of spermatozoa in the female tract, high rates of lay, efficient protocols for semen storage, and a panel of quantitative methods for measuring true fertility and hatchability, sperm supply rates in vivo and sperm viability in vitro. For both emus and ostriches, prolonged sperm storage in females has already been demonstrated. Methods for semen collection and artificial insemination, using animal-friendly techniques, have also been developed. Semen storage and cryopreservation protocols are yet to be optimised and we still need to overcome the male-dependent rate of lay, but adoption of AI technology by the ratite industries is now feasible. It also seems likely that these technologies will be relevant to wild ratites that need intensive conservation efforts, such as cassowaries, rheas and ostrich subspecies.
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Hajong, Dipika, A. K. Patel, Pramendra k, B. L. Manjunatha, S. Kachhawaha, and Pratibha Tewari. "Adoption of Artificial Insemination Among Large Ruminants in Arid Western Rajasthan, India." Indian Journal of Extension Education 59, no. 1 (2023): 65–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.48165/ijee.2023.59114.
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This study estimated the adoption rate of Artificial Insemination (AI) among large ruminants based on primary data collected from 200 farm households in Jodhpur district from 2019 to 2022. The composition of cow and buffalo population was 74 and 26 per cent in the study villages. 56 per cent farmers in cows and 13 per cent in buffaloes adopted AI with a success rate of conception after first insemination of 31 per cent in cows and 22 per cent in buffaloes. AI cost ranged from Rs. 400-800/- and Rs. 500-1000/- per insemination in cows and buffaloes respectively. Breeding cost through pedigreed bull was comparable to insemination in both cows and buffaloes. Subsistence mode of livestock rearing and natural grazing on community pastures were the main reasons for low adoption rate of AI. Farmers ensured that their buffaloes were sired only through pedigreed bulls. Since, pedigreed bulls were not available in all villages, their availability in villages or at the selected farmers on payment basis is required for genetic improvement of cattle.
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C., Soriano-Úbeda, Matás C., and García-Vázquez FA. "An overview of swine artificial insemination: Retrospective, current and prospective aspects." Journal of Experimental and Applied Animal Sciences 1, no. 1 (October 11, 2013): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.20454/jeaas.2013.709.
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Assistant reproduction technologies are in constant evolution, among them the artificial insemination (AI). AI has been successfully used in pigs for decades, especially to improve boar efficienc and productivity. Lately, swine AI has taken on a new lease of life since efficient AI is essential for solving future challenges in the porcine industry and to enhance productivity. The present paper summarizes several factors concerning AI, starting with an overview of some physiological aspects including the female reproductive tract and sperm transport, as well as sperm losses during insemination and uterus sperm selection. Strategies developed to reduce the number of sperm during the AI process, are also reviewed, along with their combination with new reproductive technologies for application in pig production in the near future.
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Khalifa, Tarek, Constantinos Rekkas, Foteini Samartzi, Aristotelis Lymberopoulos, Kostas Kousenidis, and Toni Dovenski. "Highlights on Artificial Insemination (AI) Technology in the Pigs." Macedonian Veterinary Review 37, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 5–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.14432/j.macvetrev.2013.09.001.
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Abstract Over the past decade, there has been a tremendous increase in the development of field AI services in the majority of countries concerned with pig production. The objective of this paper is to review: (a) the current status of swine AI in the world, (b) significance and limitation of AI with liquid and frozen semen, (c) the biological traits of porcine semen in relation to in vitro sperm storage, (d) the criteria used for selection of a boar stud as a semen supplier, (e) how to process boar semen for liquid and frozen storage in the commercial settings and (f) how to improve fertility and prolificacy of boar semen. More than 99% of the inseminations conducted worldwide are made with liquid-stored semen. AI with frozen semen is used only for upgrading the genetic base in a particular country or herd. Determining the initial quality of semen ejaculates along with the selection of the optimum storage extender has a profound effect on the quality and fertility of AI doses. Different procedures have been used for improving the fertility of preserved spermatozoa including colloidal centrifugation of the semen, intrauterine insemination and modulation of the uterine defense mechanism after AI. Development of an efficient protocol for synchronizing the time of ovulation in sows and gilts coupled with improving uterine horn insemination technique will make a breakthrough in the commercial use of frozen boar semen.
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Nugroho, Aras Prasetiyo, Lucie Setiana, Dadang Mulyadi Saleh, and Dayu Lingga Lana. "Factors in the Adoption of Beef Cattle Artificial Insemination (AI) Technology in Brebes Regency." Jurnal Penyuluhan 16, no. 1 (March 18, 2020): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.25015/16202027574.
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Efforts to increase beef cattle population and genetic in Brebes Regency can be done by using artificial insemination (AI) technology approach.Therefore this study aims to determine the factors that influence the ability of beef cattle farmers in adopting artificial insemination technology (AI) in Brebes Regency. Survey method was applied to observe beef cattle and farmers. Sampling technique used Slovin formula with 90% significant rate to observe variables, namely the ability of farmers to adopt AI technology (Y); social factors (X1) consisting of age (X1.1), educational background (X1.2), farming experience (X1.3), herd size (X1.4); technical factors consisting of S/C (X2.1) and oestrous detection (X2.2); and economic factor is AI costs (X3). The research data obtained were analysed using descriptive analysis and correlation. The results showed that adoption of artificial insemination in beef cattle in Brebes Regency had a negative correlation with age (X1.1) (rs = -0.498), did not correlate with educational background (X1.2) (rs = 0.221), farming experience ( rs = X1.3) (rs = -0.056), and the herd size (X1.4) (rs = 0.094) as social factors; does not correlate with the value of S/C (X2.1) (rs = 0.203) and estrous detection (X2.2) (rs = 0.259) as technical factors; and negatively correlate.ed with AI cost (X3) (rs = -0,661) as an economic factor. From the results of the study, it can be concluded that the adoption of artificial insemination in beef cattle in Brebes Regency is influenced by social and economic factors, especially from the age factor and AI cost factor that is less supportive.
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Mercadante, Vitor R. G., Darren D. Henry, Francine M. Ciriaco, Pedro L. P. Fontes, Nicky Oosthuizen, and G. Cliff Lamb. "Estrous Synchronization and Fixed-Time Artificial Insemination." EDIS 2016, no. 2 (April 11, 2016): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/edis-an324-2016.
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The economic success of beef cow-calf operations depends on the production of one healthy calf per cow per year. To achieve this goal, cow-calf producers need to overcome several obstacles related to the cow, bull, and offspring. Over the last four decades, several advances in reproductive biotechnologies, such as artificial insemination (AI), synchronization of estrus, and fixed-time AI (TAI), have allowed producers to improve the genetic traits of their cattle and shorten the lengths of both the breeding season and subsequent calving season, which can lead to increased overall profitability of cow-calf production systems. This 5-page fact sheet discusses benefits of synchronization and TAI use, obstacles that hinder adoption of reproductive biotechnologies, objectives of the Beef Reproduction Task Force, and factors that can affect the success of TAI programs. Written by Vitor R. G. Mercadante, Darren D. Henry, Francine M. Ciriaco, Pedro L. P. Fontes, Nicky Oosthuizen, and G. Cliff Lamb, and published by the UF Department of Animal Sciences, January 2016.