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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Certificate Policy'
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Breathnach, Padraig N. "Centralised curriculum planning in Ireland : the introduction of the Junior Certificate." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.388077.
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Bergström, Anna, and Emily Berghäll. "Public certificate management : An analysis of policies and practices used by CAs." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-177148.
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Certificate Authorities (CAs) carry a huge responsibility in today's internet security landscape as they issue certificates that establish secure end-to-end connections. This thesis conducts a policy review and survey of CAs' Certificate Policies and Certificate Practice Statements to find similarities and differences that could lead to possible vulnerabilities. Based on this, the thesis then presents a taxonomy-based analysis as well as comparisons of the top CAs to the Baseline Requirements. The main areas of the policies that were focused on are the issuance, revocation and expiration practices of the top 30 CAs as determined by the use of Tranco's list. We also determine the top CA groups, meaning the CAs whose policies are being used by the most other CAs as well as including a top 100 CAs list. The study suggests that the most popular CAs hold such a position because of two main reasons: they are easy to acquire and/or because they are connected to several other CAs. The results suggest that some of the biggest vulnerabilities in the policies are what the CAs do not mention in any section as it puts the CA at risk for vulnerabilities. The results also suggest that the most dangerous attacks are social engineering attacks, as some of the stipulations for issuance and revocations make it possible to pretend to be the entity of subscribes to the certificate rather than a malicious one.
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Maselesele, Maluleke Samuel. "Managing the implementation of the assessment policy in the senior certificate band." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/25138.
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Educators in the basic education system are facing extreme challenges in assessing learners in general and in implementing assessment policy in particular. These challenges influence the pass rate, particularly in grade 12. The validity of the evidence of the learners’ performance depends on the quality and type of assessment tasks administered to those learners. Therefore, it was critical that those aspects, which pose challenges in the management of the assessment policy within the education system, be addressed by developing policies which would assist educators in managing assessment at school, since assessment forms an integral part of teaching and learning. Support programmes on policy implementation had to be developed for learners and for the training of educators, the implementation of which should improve the pass rate. These programmes had to include the conditions and roles of provincial and district education officers. A South African policy development model had to be developed to address the unique situation of developing such programmes. The introduction of the National Curriculum Statement (NCS) and the National Protocol on Recording and Reporting (NPRR) were some of the measures aimed at improving learner performance and assisting educators in implementing and managing assessment which is in line with national policy. An exploratory study, aimed at providing a broad framework on policy analysis, was used with the view to understand how the NCS and National Protocol for Recording and Reporting are managed. A proportional representative sample of 25% of the schools from the six clusters in the Mopani district formed part of this study. To ensure that the historically white, urban and rural schools were represented, an incidental biased sampling method was used. Data obtained from the questionnaire indicates that educators have knowledge of the various policies, acts and guidelines which should be used in assessing learners. However, some data indicates that some educators know about the existence of such policies, acts and guidelines but do not have knowledge of the content thereof. Data obtained from the interviews indicates that educators either know the content of policies or are only aware of them. Therefore, the lack of knowledge of policy content which regulates the practice of a policy has an influence on the teaching and assessing of learners.Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2011.
School of Public Management and Administration (SPMA)
unrestricted
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Specter, Michael Alan. "The economics of cryptographic trust : understanding certificate authorities." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/104028.
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Thesis: S.M. in Technology and Policy, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Institute for Data, Systems, and Society, Technology and Policy Program, 2016.Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2016.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 71-75).
Certificate Authorities (CAs) play a crucial role in HTTPS, the mechanism that secures all of the web's most important communication; if it has a log-in page, it must use HTTPS. However, recent history is littered with instances of CAs unabashedly undermining the trust model of the web in favor of economic gain, causing catastrophic harm to users in the process. The purpose of this thesis is to understand how well user, domain owner, and browser vendor controls function in order to evaluate methods of realigning CA incentives. Using a compendium of past incidents of CA failure as a series of natural experiments, along with a large dataset of all publicly available certificate collections, we find that it is possible to causally link a very slight increase in domain owners leaving a CA when a CA acts inappropriately. We further find that the technical architecture of the CA system leaves users without effective control over which CAs they trust, and that browsers face certain difficulty in distrusting larger CAs. The end result is a system where large CAs can unilaterally undermine the trust model of the web without clear repercussion.
by Michael Alan Specter.
S.M. in Technology and Policy
S.M.
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Lindblad, Elin. "Invisible Children : A Field Study on the Hindrances to Obtain a Birth Certificate in Nusa Tenggara Timur, Indonesia." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-284585.
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A birth certificate provides a child with a legal identity, nationality, is a vital action towards child protection and can help a child access social welfare. Worldwide, almost 230 million children under the age of five have not been registered. Other than the vast negative impacts on the child it creates a blind spot in population statistics. Indonesia is one of the countries where the problem is widespread - only 57 percent of the children under the age of five have a birth certificate. In December 2013 a law was ratified in Indonesia, imposing changes in the birth registration process. This paper seeks to explore how the target group of that law, i.e. parents, perceive their possibility to comply with the policy, that is, to obtain a birth certificate for their children. Based on a field study in Nusa Tenggara Timur, Indonesia, conducting in-depth interviews with 58 parents as well as stakeholders such as policy implementers and NGOs, this thesis will propose that there is a variance in how the policy has been implemented in different regencies. The results indicate that the variance in the implementation, as well as the policy setting prior implementation in each regency, affects the parents’ perceived possibility to comply. In one of the studied regencies the implementation of the policy has affected the parents’ possibility to comply in a critically negative way, increasing the hindrances to obtain a birth certificate. Further, the regency politicians have created forced incentives to comply by making birth certificate mandatory to register for school, creating a vast risk of removing childrens’ access to education.
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Wang, Yuanyuan. "Creating the global student| Increasing student perception of global competency and skills for international careers in a university international certificate program." Thesis, University of Pittsburgh, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3573172.
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This study investigates the impact of students’ participation in the certificate program offered by the Asian Studies Center (ASC) at the University of Pittsburgh on their perception of global competency and skills development for international careers. Undergraduate and graduate students who were enrolled in the ASC’s certificate program as of March 16, 2012 (n=125) participated in an on-line student survey. Data are used to provide a descriptive analysis, significance tests, and a multiple regression analysis that examine six research questions.
The descriptive analysis explores students’ characteristics, satisfaction with the certificate program, international experience, foreign language capability, and the extent to which the certificate program increases their global competency and skills for international careers. Tests were conducted to examine whether the differences in pre-post increases in students’ perception of their global competency and skills development for international careers were statistically significant for all respondents as well as between disaggregated groups. The multiple regression analysis tests the correlation between three independent variables (courses taken in the certificate program, center activity participation, and students’ international experience) and each of the two dependent variables (students’ perception of increased global competency and students’ perception of improved skills for international careers).
Findings show that significantly different changes in students’ perception of their global competency and skills development for international careers exist before their participation in the certificate program and after their participation in the certificate program. Students who stayed 1-6 months in an Asian country have the most significant increases in their perception of their global competency after their participation in the certificate program. Senior students have the most significant increases in their perception of their global competency and skills for international careers after their participation in the certificate program.
Students’ international experience and courses taken in the certificate program are important variables related to their perception of increased global competency and improved skill for international careers. The effect of students’ international experience is greater than courses taken in the certificate program on their perception of their increased global competency and improved skills for international careers.
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Molelle, Helena Khantse. "Global policy discourse and local implementation dynamics : a case study of Lesotho's junior certificate religious and moral education syllabus." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/3649.
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Fan, Yuling. "Optimal energy-efficiency retrofit and maintenance planning for existing buildings considering green building policy compliance." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/66191.
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Reducing global energy consumption is a common challenge faced by the human race due to the energy shortage and growing energy demands. The building sector bears a large responsibility for the total energy consumption throughout the world. In particular, it was concluded that existing buildings, which are usually old and energy-inefficient, are the main reason for the high energy consumption of the building sector, in view of the low replacement rate (about 1%-3% per year) of existing buildings by new energy-efficient buildings. Therefore, improving the energy efficiency of existing buildings is a feasible and effective way to reduce energy consumption and mitigate the environmental impact of the building sector. The high energy intensity and requirements of a green building policy are the main motivation of this study, which focuses on finding cost-effective solutions to green building retrofit and maintenance planning to reduce energy consumption and ensure policy compliance. As about 50% of the total energy usage of a general building is caused by its envelope system, this study first proposes a multi-objective optimization approach for building envelope retrofit planning in Chapter 2. The purpose is to maximize the energy savings and economic benefits of an investment by improving the energy efficiency of existing buildings with the optimal retrofit plans obtained from the proposed approach. In the model formulation, important indicators for decision makers to evaluate an investment, including energy savings, net present value and the payback period, are taken into consideration. In addition, a photovoltaic (PV) power supply system is considered to reduce the energy demand of buildings because of the adequate solar resource in South Africa. The performance degradation of the PV system and corresponding maintenance cost are built into the optimization process for an accurate estimation of the energy savings and payback period of the investment so that decision makers are able to make informed decisions. The proposed model also gives decision makers a convenient way to interact with the optimization process to obtain a desired optimal retrofit plan according to their preferences over different objectives. In addition to the envelope system, the indoor systems of a general building also account for a large proportion of the total energy demand of a building. In the literature, research related to building retrofit planning methods aiming at saving energy examines either the indoor appliances or the envelope components. No study on systematic retrofit plan for the whole building, including both the envelope system and the indoor systems, has been reported so far. In addition, a systematic whole-building retrofit plan taking into account the green building policy, which in South Africa is the energy performance certificate (EPC) rating system, is urgently needed to help decision makers to ensure that the retrofit is financially beneficial and the resulting building complies with the green building policy requirements. This has not been investigated in the literature. Therefore, Chapter 4 of this thesis fills the above-mentioned gaps and presents a model that can determine an optimal retrofit plan for the whole building, considering both the envelope system and indoor systems, aiming at maximizing energy savings in the most cost-effective way and achieving a good rating from the EPC rating system to comply with the green building policy in South Africa. As reaching the best energy level from the EPC rating system for a building usually requires a high amount of investment, resulting in a long payback period, which is not attractive for decision makers in view of the vulnerable economic situation of South Africa, the proposed model treats the retrofit plan as a multi-year project, improving efficiency targets in consecutive years. That is to say, the model breaks down the once-off long-term project into smaller projects over multiple financial years with shorter payback periods. In that way, the financial concerns of the investors are alleviated. In addition, a tax incentive program to encourage energy saving investments in South Africa is considered in the optimization problem to explore the economic benefits of the retrofit projects fully. Considering both the envelope system and indoor systems, many systems and items that can be retrofitted and massive retrofit options available for them result in a large number of discrete decision variables for the optimization problem. The inherent non-linearity and multi-objective nature of the optimization problem and other factors such as the requirements of the EPC system make it difficult to solve the building retrofit problem. The complexity of the problem is further increased when the target buildings have many floors. In addition, there is a large number of parameters that need to be obtained in the building retrofit optimization problem. This requires a detailed energy audit of the buildings to be retrofitted, which is an expensive bottom-up modeling exercise. To address these challenges, two simplified methods to reduce the complexity of finding the optimal whole-building retrofit plans are proposed in Chapter 4. Lastly, an optimal maintenance planning strategy is presented in Chapter 5 to ensure the sustainability of the retrofit. It is natural that the performance of all the retrofitted items will degrade over time and consequently the energy savings achieved by the retrofit will diminish. The maintenance plan is therefore studied to restore the energy performance of the buildings after retrofit in a cost-effective way. Maintenance planning for the indoor systems is not considered in this study because it has been thoroughly investigated in the literature. In addition, a maintenance plan for the PV system involved in the retrofit of this study is investigated in Chapter 2.Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering
PhD
Unrestricted
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Samušis, Karolis. "Baltųjų sertifikatų taikymo galimybės Lietuvoje." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2009~D_20140626_182758-15337.
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Šis darbas nagrinėja naujas, lanksčias energijos efektyvumą skatinančias priemones, kurios paremtos rinką imituojančiais mechanizmais. Baltieji sertifikatai yra visiškai naujas mechanizmas, gyvuojantis tik nedaugelyje šalių. Energijos efektyvumo skatinimas yra tiesiogiai susijęs su ekologija, aplinkosauga, todėl priemonių skatinančių taupyti ir efektyviai naudoti energiją labai trūksta ir jų įvedimas į rinką yra labai aktualus.This job deals with modeling the effects of introducing a market-based tool for improving end-users’ efficiency in an energy market which is already regulated through a cap-and-trade system for green house gas emissions and a quota system meant to improve competitiveness of energy produced using renewable resources. Our results show that the regulation of energy demand achieves its underlying objects of energy savings and energy efficiency solely at the expense of other goals such as the environmental efficiency of energy production. In our model, the implementation of a market for White Certificates (WCTS) causes energy producers’ investment in abatement to decrease along with the price for Brown Certificates and the amount of renewable energy demanded. Once we turn to the currently more empirically relevant case of integrating endusers only partially into WCTS, the unregulated group compensates in parts for the decrease in demand of the regulated group, due to an indirect price effect. As both supply and demand side of the market are regulated, this special set of regulations applied can, therefore, be compared to the grip of printers embracing the entire market, leaving some of it virtually scarred. Consequently, we intended to search for alternative policy measures, which are able to achieve an increase in endusers’ energy efficiency without the negative side-effects witnessed in case of a WCTS. In our model a subsidized reduction in the price for households’ investment... [to full text]
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Cosby, Courtney. "ANALYZING THE ASSOCIATION OF CERTIFICATE OF NEED REGULATIONSON VOLUME AND QUALITY INDICATORS FOR HEART AND KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION." VCU Scholars Compass, 2011. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2357.
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States have historically used Certificate of Need (CON) regulations to regulate cost, quality, and access to healthcare services. Federally mandated in 1974, the regulation required the states to review requests for new healthcare construction and services. In theory, community-level planning backed by the state-level CON review and health planning process would prevent unnecessary duplication of services and the accompanying costs (Smith-Mellot, 2004). However, none of the published studies have examined the association of CON regulation on volume and outcomes of solid organ transplants. In 1984, the federal mandate ended, and each state was allowed to determine whether or not to maintain its CON programs; more than one-third of the states eliminated them (Altman & Ostby, 1991). Currently, 37 states including the District of Columbia have CON programs (American Health Planning, 2010). Of those states, 21 include organ transplant as a reviewable, regulated service. Although several studies have investigated whether CON regulation has affected healthcare cost, to date very little has been written about the impact of CON on volume and quality of care; the data that does exist is contradictory. In 1988, investigators studied the effects of CON regulation on mortality and observed that greater regulatory stringency was a positive and significant predictor of hospital mortality rates (Shortell & Hughes, 1988). In contrast, DiSesa et al (2006) found no significant difference in risk-adjusted mortality for cardiac surgery patients in states with and without CON regulations. The gap between evidence and decision-making and the large number of states that use CON to regulate healthcare services indicate a need for a study on the quality of healthcare services. Solid organ transplantation is a complex, high-cost treatment that was performed over 27,000 times in 2008. The purpose of this study is to assess the association of solid organ transplant CON regulations using clinically rich data available from the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients (SRTR). This study tests the hypotheses that states with solid organ transplant CON regulations have fewer transplant centers, higher volumes of heart and kidney transplants per center, lower graft failure rates and lower patient mortality rates per center. In addition, this study assesses these hypotheses using two different transplant procedures (heart and kidney). This study provides additional information for transplant centers to use in their strategic decision making. Moreover, with the presence of minimum volume standards for transplant procedures mandated by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid (CMS) now, the policy implications of continuing or repealing CON regulations should be examined.
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Bergek, Anna, Ingrid Mignon, and Gunnel Sundberg. "Who invests in renewable electricity production? Empirical evidence and suggestions for further research." Linköpings universitet, Projekt, innovationer och entreprenörskap, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-89587.
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Transforming energy systems to fulfill the needs of a low-carbon economy requires large investments in renewable electricity production (RES-E). Recent literature underlines the need to take a closer look at the composition of the RES-E investor group in order to understand the motives and investment processes of different types of investors. However, existing energy policies generally consider RES-E investments made on a regional or national level, and target investors who evaluate their RES-E investments according to least-cost high-profit criteria. We present empirical evidence to show that RES-E investments are made by a heterogeneous group of investors, that a variety of investors exist and that their formation varies among the different types of renewable sources. This has direct implications for our understanding of the investment process in RES-E and for the study of motives and driving forces of RES-E investors. We introduce a multi-dimensional framework for analyzing differences between categories of investors, which not only considers to the standard economic dimension which is predominant in the contemporary energy literature, but also considers the entrepreneurship, innovation-adoption and institutional dimensions. The framework emphasizes the influence of four main investor-related factors on the investment process which should be studied in future research: motives, background, resources and personal characteristics.Highlights
► The RES-E investor group is heterogeneous. ► Investors with no traditional background within electricity production make the majority of RES-E investments in Sweden. ► Different types of RES-E investors invest in different renewables. ► A standard economic perspective is not sufficient to understand emerging RES-E investors. ► Motives, background, resources and personal characteristics of RES-E investors matter.
NYEL - Nya investerare i förnybar elproduktion
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Tsoene, Litsabako Hilda. "An investigation into factors that are associated with low learners' performance in development studies (DS) as compared to geography performance at Cambridge Overseas School Certificate (COSC) in the Southern region of Lesotho." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5946.
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Lozda, Marius. "Elektroninio parašo atributų sertifikavimas." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2011~D_20140627_165731-47089.
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Darbe nagrinėjama atributinės informacijos sertifikavimo šiuo metu naudojamuose elektroniniuse parašuose problema. Trumpai apžvelgiami elektroninio parašo principai ir supažindinama su viešųjų raktų infrastruktūra, nurodant galimybes jai išplėsti, iškilus poreikiui užtikrinti aukštesnį saugumo lygį keičiantis papildoma (atributine) informacija. Nagrinėjami įvairūs atributinės informacijos sertifikavimo metodai, viešųjų raktų infrastruktūroje įvedant atributų sertifikato ir atributų sertifikavimo centro sąvokas. Pateikiamas tinkamiausio metodo pritaikymo pavyzdys, modeliuojant elektroninio parašo naudojimo situaciją, artimą dabartinei situacijai Lietuvoje. Sprendimo pritaikymas demonstruojamas apibrėžiant patobulintos elektroninio parašo infrastruktūros prototipą.This paper analyses issues of attribute certification in currently used electronic signatures. Fundamentals of electronic signatures and public key infrastructure are briefly described, focusing on possibilities of achieving higher security level in communication when attribute information is important. Various suggestions for attribute certification are analysed, introducing atribute certificates and atribute authorities. Different certification methods are compared and evaluated, applying the most suitable one in the public key infrastructure usage model, that is constructed by simplifying the current situation of electronic signatures. The solution is represented by describing the prototype of improved electronic signature infrastructure.
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Gruss, Stephanie Mayes. "Is Safe Haven Legislation an Efficacious Policy Response to Infant Abandonment: A Biopsychosocial Profile of the Target Population." VCU Scholars Compass, 2006. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1362.
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This study represents an attempt to describe the extent and features of safe haven legislation in the United States, discuss implementation issues, and to examine if the legislation is reaching its intended target audience in order to answer the question, "Is safe haven legislation an efficacious response to infant abandonment?" Safe havens are designated locations where infants can be anonymously abandoned without fear of prosecution or incarceration. As of May of 2006, forty-seven states have passed such legislation, citing the need for an alternative to unsafe infant abandonment leading to an infant's death, and an alternative to infanticide (the killing of an infant within one year of its birth). Since the initial passage of this legislation in Texas in 1999, there have been more unsafe infant abandonments than accounts of safe haven abandonments. As this legislation provides for anonymous infant abandonment researchers cannot study the population of women actually utilizing safe havens. Therefore, the study of women seeking connection with safe havens in comparison to the population of women who have engaged in infant abandonment resulting in an infant's death is considered one of the sole viable sources of insight into this problem. The scope of the research is exploratory in nature and analyses are considered preliminary due to the lack of data that exists in this area and the relative newness of the legislation.A quantitative analysis of women likely to utilize safe havens reveals that they have a mean age of 19, are unmarried, have entered into prenatal care late, have disclosed their pregnancy to someone, and are currently dating the birthfather. The findings from this analysis were compared to those from a national linked birth and infant death dataset to ascertain if women seeking safe havens have similar biopsychosocial characteristics as those engaging in unsafe abandonment leading to an infant's death. Similar biopsychosocial characteristics were found including mother's age, marital status, late entry into prenatal care, disclosure of pregnancy, and dating status. A regression analysis was used to construct a biopsychosocial profile of women likely to abandon an infant. Findings suggest that legislators and those involved with safe havens have some knowledge of their target population, but are not effectively reaching this audience, nor promoting the existence of safe havens. They also appear to be utilizing research findings on infanticide inappropriately, in order to profile their target audience. This effectively limits the promulgation of education and early identification services that could prevent both safe haven and unsafe infant abandonments. This study concludes with policy reform recommendations.
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Newton, Michael John. "GCSE music : year nine and ten students' perceptions and enrolment intentions in relation to music education rationale and government educational policy." University of Western Australia. School of Music, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0126.
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The international drive among western countries to shift from industrial to knowledge economies has focussed considerable attention on education. United Kingdom government educational policy, influenced by the global knowledge economy, has shifted responsibility for learning work skills from the workplace to schooling and post-compulsory education. Government policy emphasises the importance of education's role in preparing students with the skills, knowledge and understanding required to enhance the United Kingdom's competitiveness in the global market. In contrast to the work-related emphasis of the wider educational context, music education emphasises the enrichment of experience. The value of music education is related to people's needs, and the functions it performs in their lives. Music education should be transformative, creative, enriching and relevant. Participation in music education is motivated by the intrinsic satisfaction of making music, rather than the extrinsic need for work-related competencies and qualifications. Music education competes for students with other subjects in the educational marketplace when the music curriculum ceases to be compulsory at age fifteen. Therefore, it is important to understand how students relate not only to music education, but also to the wider work-related educational context in which their subject participation choices are made. Therefore, the purposes of this study are twofold: (1) to establish an overview of how students perceive music education and the factors that influence their enrolment intentions, and (2) to establish an overview of how students perceive music within the wider context of education. Statements were chosen that were considered representative of the rationales for education presented by the government and the music education community. Questionnaires and interviews were developed using the statements, and were ii administered to a random sample of Year Nine and Ten (GCSE Music and non - GCSE Music) students Music was not a relevant subject for most students. However, the perceptions of a small percentage of students (mainly Music students) did find music education relevant in the ways the literature suggested it should be. The most common influences on enrolment were perceptions of ability and enjoyment (or lack of). Despite the strong emphasis on work-related skills and qualifications in the wider educational context, students generally agreed that Music was a subject better suited to enhancing life and lifestyle than career options. However, reflecting the wider educational context, Music was perceived as being more careers/future study orientated than transformative, creative, enriching and relevant.
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O'Neill, Mark Thomas. "The Security Layer." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2019. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/7761.
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Transport Layer Security (TLS) is a vital component to the security ecosystem and the most popular security protocol used on the Internet today. Despite the strengths of the protocol, numerous vulnerabilities result from its improper use in practice. Some of these vulnerabilities arise from weaknesses in authentication, from the rigidity of the trusted authority system to the complexities of client certificates. Others result from the misuse of TLS by developers, who misuse complicated TLS libraries, improperly validate server certificates, employ outdated cipher suites, or deploy other features insecurely. To make matters worse, system administrators and users are powerless to fix these issues, and lack the ability to properly control how their own machines communicate securely online.
In this dissertation we argue that the problems described are the result of an improper placement of security responsibilities. We show that by placing TLS services in the operating system, both new and existing applications can be automatically secured, developers can easily use TLS without intimate knowledge of security, and security settings can be controlled by administrators. This is demonstrated through three explorations that provide TLS features through the operating system. First, we describe and assess TrustBase, a service that repairs and strengthens certificate-based authentication for TLS connections. TrustBase uses traffic interception and a policy engine to provide administrators fine-tuned control over the trust decisions made by all applications on their systems. Second, we introduce and evaluate the Secure Socket API (SSA), which provides TLS as an operating system service through the native POSIX socket API. The SSA enables developers to use modern TLS securely, with as little as one line of code, and also allows custom tailoring of security settings by administrators. Finally, we further explore a modern approach to TLS client authentication, leveraging the operating system to provide a generic platform for strong authentication that supports easy deployment of client authentication features and protects user privacy. We conclude with a discussion of the reasons for the success of our efforts, and note avenues for future work that leverage the principles exhibited in this work, both in and beyond TLS.
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Mbude-Shale, Beryl Ntombizanele. "Exploring the correlation between language medium and academic achievement: a comparative study of the language of learning and teaching (LoLT) and mathematics results in the 2010 Grade 12 National Senior Certificate examinations in the Eastern Cape." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001863.
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In 2009, of the 68,129 learners who wrote Matric, only 34,731 learners passed. In 2010, there was an increase in the provincial pass rate causing much excitement across the board. The reality was that of the 64,090 learners who wrote, only 37,345 learners passed. In 2010, a result below 50% was recorded for Mathematics and Physical Science nationally (DBE; 2011). Despite efforts by the Education Department to support MSTE; establishing Mathematics and Science schools, NGOs and HEIs giving extra Mathematics and Science support to students and teachers, the offering of Saturday classes and incubation camps, we still get minimal return on investment. This thesis analyses these results against the backdrop of language planning theory, particularly language-in-education policies, pre and post-apartheid. The correlation between language medium and academic performance in language (LoLT) and Mathematics of Grade 12 learners is explored. Worldwide the issue of low achievement in Mathematics by ESL students is of great concern (Cuevas, 1984). The 2004 Systemic Evaluation sample of learners was in Grade 6 then; in 2010 they wrote Grade 12. The purpose of the systemic evaluation was to provide an insight into the levels of learner performance in Maths, Natural Science and LoLT in Grade 6 (IPSER, 2006). A major finding of the IPSER was that language was an important factor related to learner achievement. A major disparity was observed in this research, that although the Eastern Cape performed below the national average in the three subjects evaluated, the learners for whom LoLT was the same as their home language obtained scores that were significantly higher than those whose home language was different from the LoLT. The provincial average for Mathematics was 23.40% compared to the national average of 27.80%. For LoLT the province scored 30.16 against the national score of 38.03%. Of interest in this study is a juxtaposition of the Matric results of this same group of learners in 2010 and see whether issues that came up then are still significant in mitigating achievement in Mathematics and Language (LoLT). Some research studies have been conducted in South Africa (Adler, 1998; Setati, 1996-2002; Moloi, 2006) identifying the vital role language plays in learning Mathematics, especially for English L2 learners. Building on research and findings of academics such as the late Alexander, Ramani, Joseph, Hendricks, Heugh, Dalvit, Webb and Murray, this thesis suggests that a mother-tongue-based-bilingual approach to education should be adopted as a matter of urgency
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Miller, Curtis Alan. "An Analysis of a Washington State Policy on the Appraisal of School Administrators by Certificated Subordinates." PDXScholar, 1987. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1351.
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The present study examined the implementation of a Washington state policy which requires that school administrators give their subordinates the opportunity to appraise their performance. The importance of this topic is suggested by research findings that indicate appraisals of principals by teachers yield information to assess and improve the administrative skills of principals. Research questions sought information on activities at the state level which served to promote implementation of the state policy. Other research questions sought information on the extent and impact of local school district policies and practices that were consistent with the state policy. The methodology for the study combined survey research and interviews. The interview methodology was used to collect qualitative information on the efforts of officials at the state level to promote local implementation of the state policy. Mailed surveys were used to collect data on the extent and impact of local school district policies and practices consistent with the state policy. The results of this study showed that none of the officials interviewed cited any activities at the state level, which promoted the implementation of the state policy. Results of the mailed surveys indicated that only 7% of local school districts had adopted policies on appraisal by subordinates that included the requirements of the state policy. Moreover, only 22% to 29% of school administrators were found to have complied with the requirements of the state policy by giving their subordinates the opportunity to appraise their performance. School personnel in a position to evaluate the effects of appraisal strategies reported that these strategies were beneficial for assessing administrator performance. Some school personnel also reported improvements in administrator performance and the school program, as a result of these appraisal activities. However, elements of the strategy described in state policy neither ensure changes in administrative behavior, nor protect subordinates against reprisals for making the appraisal.
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Daneels, Guillaume. "Les clauses de classification dans les polices d'assurance maritime." Nantes, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996NANT4009.
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En raison de la dégradation de la sécurité maritime, le monde maritime doit relever un défi. Pour leur part, les assureurs maritimes ont décidé de renforcer le concept de navigabilité du navire en matière d'assurance maritime ce que fait ressortir l'analyse technique des clauses de classification. Analysées politiquement, les clauses de classification sont des éléments de la sécurité maritime. Actuellement insuffisant, l'enjeu direct du système de sécurité maritime est les navires inferieurs aux normes. Pour y remédier, les acteurs publics et prives agissent tant et si bien que le système actuel se perfectionne. La volonté d'assurance de la qualité et de la sécurité qui en atteste doit laisser place a une convention internationale universelle sur la sécurité maritime préventive globaleDue to marine safety deterioration, the shipping world must take up the challenge. As far as they are concerned, marine insurers have determined to reinforce the concept of vessel seaworthiness in marine insurance and this is emphasized by the technical analysis of classification clauses. Politically analysed, the classification clauses are marine safety elements. At present insufficient, the direct target of the marine safety system is substandard ships. To remedy this, public and private sectors are acting to such good purpose that the actual system is improving. The desire for insurance of quality and safety which is demonstrated by this must open the way to a worldwide international convention on global preventive marine safety
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Arnpoful, Johnson. "'How Successful was the South African Reserve Bank in Making Monetary Policy Predictable and Transparent?'." University of Western Cape, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7461.
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Masters of CommerceThis paper uses 3 - month and 12 - month market Negotiable Certificates of ( I . Deposit (NCO) rates to test whether greater transparency by the South African Reserve Bank has reduced expectational errors in the money markets. It does so by comparing the relative differences (between the implied forward rates-as indicators of expected future spot rates-and the actual 'future'spot rates) between the period before greater transparency and the period after greater transparency. Empirical evidence for the sample period indicates that greater ransparency by the South African Reserve Bank co-incided with reduced expectational errors in the money markets. Thus, the implied forward rates after greater transparency may well have been better predictors of future spot rates than before greater transparency, although causality has not been proved.
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Gartmark, Joakim. "An assessment of cost-efficiency differences between feed-in-tariffs and tradable green certificates from a governmental perspective." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Nationalekonomiska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-119789.
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The increasing environmental threat because of unsustainable pollution levelshave forced E.U. to take further actions by enforcing directives in the electricity sector. The E.U. directives, enforced in 2002, aim to increase the level of electricity produced from renewable sources. In order to fulfill their received national target of green electricity, the E.U. members have, in most cases, either adopted a feed-in tariff or tradable green certificates. Since it is in a government’sinterest to minimize expenditure while still maximizing incentives when adopting a policy, this study has evaluated the cost-efficiency differences of a FIT and aTGC from a governmental perspective. This has been done by using two different models, one which measures total governmental expenditures in the energy sector and one which only measures the subsidies in the energy sector. The findings suggest that a TGC can be up to 159% more cost-efficient than a FIT, depending on how it is measured. The total expenditure model could establish the costefficiency differences with a significance of 5%, while the subsidy model could not establish the differences on a satisfying significance level
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Aldabbas, Hamza. "Securing data dissemination in vehicular ad hoc networks." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/7987.
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Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) are a subclass of mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) in which the mobile nodes are vehicles; these vehicles are autonomous systems connected by wireless communication on a peer-to-peer basis. They are self-organized, self-configured and self-controlled infrastructure-less networks. This kind of network has the advantage of being able to be set-up and deployed anywhere and anytime because it has no infrastructure set-up and no central administration. Distributing information between these vehicles over long ranges in such networks, however, is a very challenging task, since sharing information always has a risk attached to it especially when the information is confidential. The disclosure of such information to anyone else other than the intended parties could be extremely damaging, particularly in military applications where controlling the dissemination of messages is essential. This thesis therefore provides a review of the issue of security in VANET and MANET; it also surveys existing solutions for dissemination control. It highlights a particular area not adequately addressed until now: controlling information flow in VANETs. This thesis contributes a policy-based framework to control the dissemination of messages communicated between nodes in order to ensure that message remains confidential not only during transmission, but also after it has been communicated to another peer, and to keep the message contents private to an originator-defined subset of nodes in the VANET. This thesis presents a novel framework to control data dissemination in vehicle ad hoc networks in which policies are attached to messages as they are sent between peers. This is done by automatically attaching policies along with messages to specify how the information can be used by the receiver, so as to prevent disclosure of the messages other than consistent with the requirements of the originator. These requirements are represented as a set of policy rules that explicitly instructs recipients how the information contained in messages can be disseminated to other nodes in order to avoid unintended disclosure. This thesis describes the data dissemination policy language used in this work; and further describes the policy rules in order to be a suitable and understandable language for the framework to ensure the confidentiality requirement of the originator. This thesis also contributes a policy conflict resolution that allows the originator to be asked for up-to-date policies and preferences. The framework was evaluated using the Network Simulator (NS-2) to provide and check whether the privacy and confidentiality of the originators’ messages were met. A policy-based agent protocol and a new packet structure were implemented in this work to manage and enforce the policies attached to packets at every node in the VANET. Some case studies are presented in this thesis to show how data dissemination can be controlled based on the policy of the originator. The results of these case studies show the feasibility of our research to control the data dissemination between nodes in VANETs. NS-2 is also used to test the performance of the proposed policy-based agent protocol and demonstrate its effectiveness using various network performance metrics (average delay and overhead).
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Livingston, Katherine G. "Adoptee Access to Original Birth Certificates and the Politics of Birthmotherhood in Ohio, 1963-2014." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1461068976.
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Melin, Erik. "Depoliticising Energy : A Review of Energy Security in Swedish Policy-Making." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för arkeologi och antik historia, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-353430.
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In order to cope with the changing climate, there will be a need for mitigating transformations of a scope, speed and magnitude that are unprecedented in human history, but the consensus- and market-driven approach is inhibiting this transformation. This thesis reviews how various discourses and debates on energy policy within Swedish governments have changed between 1974 and 2017, through the lenses of energy security and depoliticisation, and how a better understanding of these debates and discourses may inform the impending large-scale transformation required to meet the challenge of climate change. Some of the main findings are that (1) nuclear power and the result of the nuclear power referendum have been decisive for energy policy, and that nuclear power will remain of vital importance in the twenty-first century. (2) Energy has become increasingly depoliticised since the 1980s, ensuing the referendum on nuclear power. (3) The discourse on energy security has shifted towards market-based solutions: in the 2000s, climate change is to be mitigated through consumer- oriented solutions such as green certificates. Through privatisation, it essentially has become up to the consumer, deciding whether to participate in mitigation of climate change.
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Baïz, Adam. "De l’innovation des instruments de politique publique : développement d'une méthode de conception combinatoire autour d'un langage algorithmique et application au dispositif des certificats d’économie d’énergie." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEM053/document.
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En dépit de ses diverses caractérisations, la nature innovante des instruments de politique publique semble consacrer trois types d’innovation : (a) soit, des imitations, à un glissement de modalités près, d’instruments préexistants ; (b) soit des hybridations d’instruments plus ou moins contraignants ; (c) soit des assemblages d’instruments de nature méta-instrumentale. En admettant alors que tous les instruments découlent les uns des autres par le biais de ces trois chemins de conception, nous avons cherché à produire une méthode de conception fondant concomitamment, et autour d’un même modèle-objet, une capacité d’identification ex post des instruments innovants et une capacité ex ante d’innovation.Au terme d’une démarche de recherche-intervention, nous avons convenu de définir les instruments comme autant de chaînes de causalité préfigurées de l’action collective, et avons formulé un langage algorithmique autour d’un certain nombre d’éléments - des acteurs, des actions, des événements, des opérateurs logiques et des vecteurs d’impact – afin de les caractériser de façon ostensive. En consacrant une méthode d’évaluation de la nouveauté et de l’effectivité instrumentales, nous avons dès lors pu établir qu’un instrument est innovant s’il constitue une nouvelle chaîne de causalité opérant effectivement dans la réalité technico-sociale. De façon corollaire, innover un instrument revient alors à dessiner une nouvelle chaîne de causalité, ou à modifier les acteurs et les actions qui la composent.Afin d’illustrer et d’éprouver cette méthode de conception que nous qualifions de combinatoire, nous avons enfin cherché à interroger le caractère innovant du dispositif des certificats d’économie (CEE) et ce, en proposant un protocole d'évaluation et en formulant diverses pistes d'innovationAlthough it is diversely characterized, the innovative nature of instruments seems to follow three types of innovation: (a) imitations of existing instruments; (b) hybridizations of more or less coercive instruments; (c) or meta-conglomerations of instruments. After admitting that all instruments originate from one another through these three innovation paths and a unique object model, we tried to provide a new design method that would both enable the identification of innovative instruments and their design.Within the frame of intervention research, we agreed to define an instrument as a specific intended causal chain of public action, and formulated an algorithmic language along some instrumental elements (actors, actions, events, logical operators and impact vectors) in order to characterize instruments in an ostensive way. After developing a method to evaluate the newness and the effectivity of any instrument, we could more precisely define an innovative instrument as a new causal chain that is effectively implemented in the technical and social reality. As a corollary, innovating an instrument consists in designing a new causal chain, or modifying the actors and actions in it.Eventually, and in order to apply and test what we called a combinatory design method, we chose to question the innovative nature of the Energy Savings Certificates scheme (ESC). For this purpose, we elaborated an evaluation protocol and formulated several possible lines of innovation
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Dorigon, Thomas. "O Celpe-Bras como instrumento de política linguística : um mediador entre propósitos e materializações." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/148497.
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O presente estudo analisa o Certificado de Proficiência em Língua Portuguesa para Estrangeiros, Celpe-Bras, como instrumento de política linguística, entendido como uma avaliação orientada para o uso (Shohamy, 2006, 2007; McNamara, 2010, Da Silva, 2011). Através da coleta de materiais documentais e da revisão de literatura, este trabalho busca a) problematizar o uso e a implicação do uso dos termos instrumento de política linguística para tratar de exames de línguas, b) analisar se o Celpe-Bras é um instrumento de política linguística e c) se sim, como é utilizado. Partindo do entendimento de políticas linguísticas como processos complexos sujeitos a interpretações dos agentes que as implementam (Johnson, 2013) e de que as políticas linguísticas expressas em textos e discursos não necessariamente correspondem à política linguística efetiva (Shohamy, 2006), as análises aqui empreendidas verificam quais são os propósitos declarados e os objetivos de política linguística quando da criação do Celpe-Bras – o que aparece nos documentos e discursos – e como esses propósitos e objetivos se materializam, atentando para instâncias de repercussão do Celpe-Bras. As análises também identificam pautas econômicas, sociais, políticas, ideológicas e culturais com as quais o Celpe-Bras se vincula, e explicitam como se dá esse vínculo. O trabalho aponta para o Celpe-Bras como um instrumento de política linguística, utilizado por professores, pesquisadores, profissionais e docentes de universidades ligados à área de PLA para a implementação de políticas linguísticas, cujos efeitos vão além da pauta educacional. Esses agentes não apenas implementam as políticas, como também se apoderam do construto teórico do Celpe-Bras como orientador para planejarem aulas, discutirem conceitos, fornecerem explicações, estruturarem currículos etc. Eles são, portanto, ativos no processo de criação e implementação de políticas linguísticas. O presente estudo visa a contribuir para um melhor entendimento sobre o papel do Celpe-Bras e dos agentes envolvidos na conversão de políticas em materializações, bem como legitimar o exame como avaliação de proficiência do português brasileiro.The current study analyzes the Certificate of Proficiency in Portuguese for Foreigners, Celpe-Bras, as an instrument of language policy, understood as a use oriented testing (Shohamy, 2006, 2007; McNamara, 2010, Da Silva, 2011). By means of collecting documentary materials and reviewing the literature, this research seeks to a) problematize the use and the implication of the use of the terms instrument of language policy to deal with language exams, b) analyze if Celpe-Bras is an instrument of language policy and c) if so, how it is utilized. Building on the understanding of language policies as complex processes subject to interpretation of the agents who implement them (Johnson, 2013) and that the language policies expressed in texts and discourses don't necessarily correspond to the real language policy (Shohamy, 2006), the analyzes here undertaken verify what the intentions and objectives when Celpe-Bras was created are – what appears in documents and discourses – and how these intentions and objectives materialize, attempting to instances of repercussion of Celpe-Bras. The analyzes also identify economic, social, political, ideological and cultural agendas with which Celpe-Bras is attached to, and how this connection happens. The study points to Celpe-Bras as an instrument of language policy, utilized by teachers, researchers, professionals and scholars related to the Portuguese as an Additional Language (PAL) area for the implementation of language policies, whose effects go beyond the educational agenda. These agents not only implement the policies, but also appropriate the theoretical construct of Celpe-Bras as a guiding for planning classes, discussing concepts, delivering explanations, structuring curricula etc. They are, therefore, active in the process of creation and implementation of language policies. The current study aims at contributing for a better understanding of the role of Celpe-Bras and the agents involved in the conversion of policies into materializations, as well as legitimating the exam as proficiency assessment of Brazilian Portuguese.
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Stigson, Peter. "Reducing Swedish Carbon Dioxide Emissions from the Basic Industry and Energy Utilities : An Actor and Policy Analysis." Licentiate thesis, Department of Public Technology Institutionen för samhällsteknik, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-190.
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Arnesson, Daniel. "Subsidizing Global Solar Power : A contemporary legal study of existing and potential international incentives for solar PV investments in developing countries." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för juridik, psykologi och socialt arbete, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-28555.
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With national cuts on solar PV subsidies and the current “oversupply” of panels, the global solar market is clearly threatened by a contraction. Yet, the need for more solar power is apparent, particularly for the world’s poor and vulnerable population. Instead of securing modern energy access for these people, trade interests have triggered a counterproductive solar trade war. This contemporary legal study addresses these issues by examining existent and potential instruments for stimulating a North-to-South solar capital flow. The research finds that recent reforms of the CDM will do little difference from previous deficiencies, as local investment barriers are not reflected in the monetary support of the clean development mechanism. Competing technologies are successfully keeping solar out of the game while baseline requirements are undermining the poor. Inspired by national renewable energy law and policy, international alternatives could address these shortcomings. While feed-in tariffs have been commonly advocated, the REC model seems far more appropriate in an international context. Its ability to be traded separately from the electricity makes it a perfect candidate as a substitute for the CDM. Entrusted with certain features it could address the geographical unbalance and provide with greater investor certainty. But the scheme(s) are under current WTO regulations required to be non-discriminatory, making it highly questionable to believe that developed countries would ever fund such incentive. It is not likely that solar capital exporters want Chinese solar PV manufacturers, who are already receiving significant production subsidies, to receive the same benefits as other producers. However, if countries adversely effected by subsidies where allowed to offset the injury by discriminating Chinese producers in international REC schemes, the Author believes that it would be easier to sell such a concept and implement it, for the benefits of climate change mitigation and adaptation as well as the world’s vulnerable and poor nations. However, this would require extensive reforms under WTO which the Author calls for.
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Dressler, Luisa. "Essays on the Economics of Sustainable Energy Policies." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/256971.
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This dissertation seeks to contribute to the policy discussion on how to design efficient and sustainable energy policies. In three self-contained chapters, it applies microeconomic theory and empirical analysis to identify three market failures in European energy markets and to evaluate specific policy measures that strive to overcome these failures in order to increase market efficiency and to enhance environmental or societal sustainability. Chapter 1 and 2 study European electricity markets, which play an important role in the transition towards a carbon-neutral energy future. Overcoming barriers to efficient electricity markets is a crucial step to keep the costs of this transition as low as possible to society. Both chapters focus on obstacles to electricity market efficiency that have recently been highlighted by the European Commission. On the supply side, subsidies for renewable electricity may distort production incentives and competition in wholesale electricity markets. Chapter 1 applies a theoretical model to study the effect of different subsidies on producer strategies and competition in wholesale electricity markets. On the demand side, the European Commission seeks to overcome the reluctance of residential electricity consumers to switch electricity supplier in order to ensure effective competition in the retail electricity market. Chapter 2 empirically quantifies different reasons for switching inertia using a structural discrete choice model and performs counterfactual analysis to study the effect of different policy measures that seek to overcome switching inertia. Chapter 3 looks at the building sector, which accounts for 40% of final energy consumption in Europe and is a major emitter of carbon emissions. In the residential housing market information asymmetries hamper incentives to invest in energy efficiency improvements of rental property. This chapter empirically analyzes the effect of a European policy that mandates the use of energy performance certificates aiming at establishing an efficient market for energy efficient dwellings.Doctorat en Sciences économiques et de gestion
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Senate, University of Arizona Faculty. "Faculty Senate Minutes December 2, 2013." University of Arizona Faculty Senate (Tucson, AZ), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/312042.
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Lin, Mei-Ling, and 林美玲. "A Research toward the Policy Innovations and Diffusion in Citizen Digital Certificate." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/u34c7y.
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碩士銘傳大學
公共事務學系碩士在職專班
97
Innovations of technology have overthrown the traditions and information applications have led to changes in the way of interactions between government and the residents, no matter it is about providing information or delivering various types of public service through e-mail, government must take realization of the people’s needs as prerequisites, or it is unlikely for people to shift from the old conventional channel to the new electronic IT channels. While the implementation of citizen digital certificate in IC card is approaching its seventh year, the status of both the promotion and applications of citizen digital certificates fall far behind the prediction in the policy objectives planned. Hence this research aims to explore the technological innovations of citizen digital certificate and the relationships between marketing of policy and transmission of diffusion of services; hopes to communicate with people interactively and deliver the detailed description of citizen digital certificate works; also examines the influences of the government’s marketing of policy to the achievement of citizen digital certificate; and finally enhances the achievements overall policy implementations. This research adapts policy marketing theory basis for theoretical research, and takes Diffusion of Innovations Mode postulated by E.M. Rogers, as reference framework; next administers a quantified questionnaire survey to understand the people’s opinions on applications for the certificate and services process respectively, and their related attitudes and behaviors; then conducts statistical and empirical analyses; and finally presents the findings and recommendations, hoping to serve. The research finds that, in the course of diffusion of innovations for citizen digital certificate policy, it is a must for the government to adequately realize the people’s acceptance characteristics and the factors affecting their willingness of applying for the certificate beforehand, then it is time to makes application in the marketing channel for citizen digital certificate policy. In addition to fully communicate with people through various marketing patterns, the government must expand the scope of service applications of citizen digital certificate, provide various multi-purpose priority services to people to motivate people to actively file the application and further keep using citizen digital certificate, and thus create a win-win situation.
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yin, tai-shen, and 尹台生. "On the ROC of Policy Regarding the Amendment of the Seafarer Practicing Certificate International Convertion : Analysis Policy Argument." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/75479821720018234238.
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碩士國立政治大學
行政管理碩士學程
93
Decision-making is the pattern that shows a certain type of state authority; administrative power displays the attitude to the general interests based on effectiveness of administration. In order to guarantee its consistent administrative quality, the administration theory shows how a state manages its public policy. Also, governments undoubtedly pay much attention to the outcome of them. How those public policies are approved (i.e., policy arguments), also exemplify the fact that decision-making is based on the participation of individuals in whole society. Inputs/output model could strengthen our knowledge from the key function of physical examination. There are two basic theories regarding the operation of shipping. One is the ship; with the other one names the seafarer. None of them can be dispensed with—can commodities be transported smoothly only through this understanding. Seafarer's role, in particular, is the key factor attributing to the shipping frequency. The Republic of China (ROC) on Taiwan has to offer proper crew training so as to guarantee all kinds of qualified personnel in a specific field are sufficient while striding forward to develop its economy. Only if the productivity could be promoted, can the ROC strengthen competitiveness, march forward to further internationalization. Shipping could reflect a certain country’s industrial level, governmental effectiveness and its educational development. As local trains’ seafarers— instead of by international authorities, this country encounters the license-issuing problem. Only through concerted efforts, can this country meet ordeals when participating in International Maritime Organization (IMO)’s training and license-issuing process, pass through the inspection that the port state controlled (PSC), make seafarers’ rights guaranteed. In addition, the ROC has to assure seafarers’ welfare, in accordance with the inspection of the international convention revising (STCW 78/95) and to the standard demanded by the port state control (PSC). The People’s Republic of China (PRC) is a member of International Maritime Organization (IMO). The PRC obeys the regulations and request of international convention STCW78/95, the general rule of the civil law, and announces a series of training rules when training seafarers and issuing licenses. The PRC also declares that they could apply to international custom if their lacks of local regulations. In contrast, the seafarers of the Republic of China are still not for sure that they could be issues operation certificates. The ROC government is awaited to do something. Economies along the two sides of the Taiwan Straits have become mutually interdependent, whereas their political relations are still stridently confrontational. Due to the huge gap between their international statuses, the authorities that responsible for seafarer training and harbor supervisors, as well as scholars, have to promote the training quality of our seafarers, participate caucuses and activities of various international organizations so as to assure the ROC’s sea transportation and their working opportunities. The government has to submit its 78/95 STCW regulations training post crewman to the Secretariat of the International Maritime Organization (IMO), confirm license-issuing and fulfill the report, enlist itself to the White List from the “Third Track (as noted in Chapter 5).” This research could be attributed to the revision of the international convention, which affects the validity the ROC’s approval to the certificates in seafarer training and issuing licenses. The government designs courses from consistent policies of seafarer training, helping seafarers pass examination and evaluation and finally reach the standard of international convention named STCW 78/95. In addition, one of the government’s objectives is to comply the policy argument of governance concerning license issuing. This author tries to apply to quality research, comparative methodology, and negotiating factor in international relations (IR), and constructive typology for the purpose of verifying the operation of the “Third Track.”
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TSAI, YING-HSIU, and 蔡瀅秀. "The Impact of The Issuance Policy of Agricultural Land For Agricultural Use Certificate on Government Tax Revenue." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/tw55vc.
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碩士逢甲大學
商學院商學專業碩士在職專班
105
In order to enable the sustainable development of the agriculture, the government through the tax preference system encourages and induces interest in engaging in agricultural operations for those who contribute to the development of the country's agriculture, and then to agriculture as the main industry. The government of some good intentions but also makes the fake farmers wanton speculation agricultural land prices, but also enjoys the farmland farmers owned system under the farmers of some of the benefits. For example： Agricultural land duty-free, Farmers can build farmhouses on agricultural lands, Agricultural subsidy policies and other preferential policies. Significant changes in agricultural land policies in 2000, agricultural development regulations change due to the type of agricultural management, with “Manage people and Manage land” to a free man owning his own land mainly engaged in agricultural activities in the past. The policy”Farmland ownership” revises to “Manage land but not manage people”. Relax policy that legal persons, natural people can buy agricultural land easily. The policy of “Farmland ownership” in fact that the dispute is not in the law, and the problem was the government does not really implement the policy. Farmlands of agricultural use prove is progressive as a long time on the law enforcement issues.Random release farmland of agricultural use prove causing investors to speculate farmland. Resulting in agricultural prices in recent years soared. Resulting in farmland farmhouse tax concessions affect the government tax is very huge. In order to understand the agricultural land to prove that the implementation of law enforcement and identification, and the relationship between government revenue, this research analyzes the land price tax, land value added tax and inheritance tax, the extent to which the agricultural land does not properly issue the agricultural tax certificate. The results display farmland tax exemption accounts for a high proportion of taxes, which profoundly affect government taxation. Article 39 of the Land Tax Law provide the agricultural competent authority unit. To avoid the prevailing situation in law enforcement. The implementation of the tube inspection notice,now the implementation of the farmland holding tax relief conditions was too wide.should change the land tax and cancel the agricultural land tax relief,implement of price increases and other objectives and can save the cost of inspection. Promote the effective use of agricultural land, to be reasonably appropriate tax burden. The Government should effectively curb speculation on agricultural land and the construction of luxury farmhouse. While the best target use of farmland, Implement banned nine out of ten illegal use of agricultural land, that people who really want to farm have fields. When agricultural land is used for agricultural the need to be appropriate to apply. By a professional background of the talent Professional judgment is indeed engaged in agriculture and issued proof, put an end to the wild bogey speculators, protecting fine farmland that farmland prices return to reasonable, farmers have no worries can be concentrate on agricultural production. Make improving the rate of self-sufficient. Therefore agricultural land policy should be appropriate to properly levy agricultural land tax it will be able to effectively promote the use of agricultural land. To raise agricultural output and farmers' income by improving technology innovation of agricultural crops thorough recruiting and attracting more young farmers into agricultural production actively, in order to make new generation of agricultural production lively and improving the rate of self-sufficient which stabilize economic and social stability.
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Moropa, Malakia Shere. "Impact of educational policy on the National Senior Certificate : pre-1994 and post democracy South African case." Diss., 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/23240.
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This study deals with the impact of educational policy on the National Senior Certificate: Pre-1994 and Post democracy South African case. The qualitative approach was used in this study, and the research findings were based on the analysis of documents. The transition from apartheid education to the present education system in South Africa has not been without challenges. In the past, South African education reflected the fragmented society in which it was based. Outcomes
based education (OBE)/Curriculum 2005 (C2005), since its inception, was riddled with challenges. OBE/C2005 by its nature is complex. It is not user-friendly for developing countries such as South Africa. The aim of this study is to explore the impact of educational policies on the
2008 National Senior Certificate results. Historical-educational research is undertaken with the view of putting the education phenomenon into proper perspective. Venter (1985) is of the opinion that historical education investigation refers to the systematic placing of historical education variables in the spotlight. The general, continual pedagogical and fundamental problems are accentuated against the multiplicity of historical detail. This then makes historical-educational research an orderly (systematic and controlled) process of knowledge enrichment (Venter & Van Heerden 1989:106). The National
Senior Certificate was established in terms of National Education Act 27 of 1996. Curriculum 2005 has been described in policy documents as a “paradigm shift” because it represents a radical departure from the previous curriculum in terms of the following: theoretical
underpinnings, structure and organisation, teaching and learning process, and assessment (South Africa, Department of Education 1997:1). Pre-1994, the researcher discovered that the education of black people in rural areas in particular and South Africa in general was, in most instances, negatively impacted by policies of the
previous government (1948-1953). The apartheid government used poor funding models to ensure that there were low teacher-pupil ratios and teacher qualifications were of unequal standard. Unequal pattern of spending continued well into the post-1994 democratic era.
This poor funding model which impacted negatively on rural schools made infrastructural provision in rural areas difficult.
Post -1994 democratic dispensation, the researcher discovered that the government have competitive legislative policies in place, but the challenges lay in the fact that those policies were impulsively implemented. Hence the many challenges. This is shown by the frequency of curriculum changes which took place in a very short space of time. Stakeholders played a major role in insuring that schools received quality service by challenging some of the decisions the government was taking. The government has had to take the
recommendations into account.Public Administration and Management
M.Admin. (Public Administration)
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Lin, L. J., and 林麗珍. "A study of the practice condition of the Children’s Education Certificate policy implemented in Tainan City and Tainan County." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/27352602052194725216.
Full textAbstract:
碩士臺南師範學院
教師在職進修教育行政碩士學位班
92
The paper attempts to make a study of the practice condition of the Children’s Education Certificate policy implemented in Tainan City and Tainan County. Based on the results of study, we make proposals to kindergartens and authorities concerned in charge of education for reference. We prepared an outline of investigations on the basis of a study of the records and prepared the problems concerned to proceed to make questionnaire according to the results calling upon the specialists. Questionnaired to those including kindergarten heads, teachers and students’ parents. We try to make an investigation from different directions with the status quo and the matters concerned of the implementation of the Children’s Education Certificate in Tainan City and Tainan County. The results of this study are given as the following: 1.The children subsidized by the Children’s Education Certificate in Tainan City and Tainan County should be over 5 years of age. 2.The subsidizing scope of Children’s Education Certificate should be the accredited private-operated kindergartens. 3.The implementation of the Children’s Education Certificate policy is something to do with the promotion for the quality of operating schools. 4.The implementation of Children’s Education Certificate policy shall not affect the public kindergartens to solicit pupils. 5.When the Children’s Education Certificate are not available, most of children will choose to go to private-operated kindergartens. 6.The government, when carrying out the Children’s Education Certificate, should grant financial aids directly to children’s parents. 7.The implementation of the Children’s Education Certificate policy may encourage unaccredited kindergartens to have bigger living space. 8.Do you think that delaying appropriation of the Children’s Education Certificate mainly because of verifying the documents slowly by the Auditing Department of each County (City) Government. 9.Accredited kindergartens, not granted financial aids by the government, are still operating. Most of kindergarten heads think that accredited kindergartens succeed in attracting children to them mainly by running after-school program. Teachers and children’s parents, on the other hand, think that a variety of talent and skill learning offered by accredited kindergartens accounting for their success in operation. 10.Most of kindergarten heads, teachers and children’s parents think that the reasons that the parents choose the unaccredited kindergartens for their children include the followings : The time and method taking care for the children meet parents’ demands; the contents of courses are arranged according to the parents requirements; and it has enjoyed general popularity at local. This part shall offer the following proposals based on the studying results and discussions: A. The proposals of the questions relevant to the implementation of the Children’s Education Certificate. 1.Cut down the time for issuing Children’s Education Certificate, improving management efficiency. 2.Continuously issue Children’s Education Certificates on a bigger scale. 3.To improve the working methods in issuing the Certificates, lessen the burden of kindergartens. 4.To coordinate with the implementation of the Children’s Education Certificate, substantial financial aids should be given positively to kindergartens. B.The proposals made for the future studies 5.The studying sample may be spread to the children and their parents in Taiwan area. The present study is targeted specifically at the children’s parents, kindergarten heads and teachers in Tainan County and Tainan City. Therefore, It only serves to explain the opinions of the parents in the said county and said city about the Children’s Education Certificate. A further study will be targeted at children’s parents, kindergarten heads and teachers in other regions, even Taiwan as a whole to find out the point of view of the parents, kindergarten heads and teachers in different counties and cities in Taiwan as a whole, on the Children’s Education Certificate, to further more ahead to find out the relevant views on the implementation of the Children’s Education Certificate. 6.A study shall be made of the effects the Children’s Education Certificate have produced. The Children’s Education Certificate of our country is still growing. The continued study will be targeted at the personnel in public /private-operated kindergarten and children’s parents, with a view to finding out the influence of the effects the Children’s Education Certificate have produced in teaching, and with a view to finding out the effects the Children’s Education Certificate have produced on the actual implementation of the Equal Opportunities of education.
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Yang, Shun-Tzu, and 楊舜慈. "Citizen Digital Certificate Policy and broadband fiber optic network authentication mechanism integration - analysis of implementation experience in Hualien County." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/f96dwh.
Full text
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Ku-Feng, Chang, and 張谷峰. "Aboriginal Language Teaching and Ethnic Identity under the Policy of Aboriginal Students’ Certificate of Linguistic Skill with Academic Advancement Incentives─A Study of Two Junior High Schools." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/90029310873676943393.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立彰化師範大學
公共事務與公民教育學系
100
Language is an important tool during the process of culture transfer and exhibition. In Taiwan, aboriginal cultures are overwhelmed by dominant Han Chinese culture and are forced to merge into the system created by Han culture. This crisis leads to the generation gap gradually within aboriginal cultures. In recent years, the government begins to value the traditional connection among aborigines; moreover, it begins to formulate and practice the policy of aboriginal students’ certificate of linguistic skill with academic advancement incentives, in order to encourage the aboriginal students to learn their aboriginal languages and understand their traditional cultures. According to the result of the interview in this study, aboriginal language teaching and certificate of linguistic skill are efficient in improving aboriginal student’s native language ability: first of all, the use of aboriginal languages has increased; and second, ethnic identity has improved. However, due to a variety of factors, the effect of cultivating student’s aboriginal linguistic ability is limited. This is because in school, aboriginal language teachers, homeroom teachers, and other teachers have little agreement; and students themselves pay more attention to the system of academic advancement. Therefore, aboriginal language teaching becomes a tough job in school. Besides, in aboriginal families or tribes, the elderly seldom use native languages to communicate with children. Taiwan Indigenous TV cannot exert their influence either because aboriginal students seldom watch their programs. What’s worse, the linguistic skills of the aboriginal students are weak, the meaning of aboriginal traditional acitivities has been shifted, and the aboriginal students are lack of mission and motivation of inheriting the cultures. Hence, several suggestions are proposed in this study: 1) adjust the structure of Certificate of Linguistic Skill; 2) set supporting measures for aboriginal language teaching; 3) encourage students to attend voluntary and social services; 4) divide the works of tribal activities; 5) promote aboriginal language teaching in families; 6) establish hardware facilities and software activites; 7) design news and programs of Taiwan Indigenous TV; 8) develop aboriginal popular cultures; 9) and provide official services of aboriginal languages. By the measures mentioned above, aboriginal students are expected to gain the sence of existence as well as the ethnic identity during the inheritance of native languages.
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Bhaw, Nishaal. "The alignment of the National Senior Certificate Examinations (November 2014 - March 2018) and the Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statement Grade 12 Physical Sciences : Physics (P1) in South Africa." Diss., 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/25737.
Full textAbstract:
The Department of Basic Education (DBE) has associated the poor pass rate in the National Senior Certificate (NSC) Grade 12 Physical Sciences examinations to the learners’ lack of practical skills and the inability of learners to solve problems by integrating knowledge from the different topics in Physical Sciences. The CAPS (Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statement) is central to the planning, organising and teaching of Physical Sciences. Even though more than a third of the learners achieved below 30% in the NSC Grade 12 Physical Sciences: Physics (P1) November 2017 examination, there was a lack of references made to the CAPS, rationalising the poor performance. A disjointed alignment between the CAPS and the P1 is a possible cause for the poor performance. Since there have been no previous studies that investigated the alignment between the CAPS and the P1, this study aims to fill that gap. This study used a positivist research paradigm and a case study research strategy. A purposive sampling procedure selected the CAPS Grades 10 – 12 Physical Sciences document; the Physical Sciences Examination Guidelines Grade 12 documents and the final and supplementary P1 examinations in the period starting November 2014 to March 2018 as the documents for analysis. A summative content analysis research technique was conducted using the Surveys of Enacted Curriculum (SEC) research method. The SEC method employed the use of the four topics of Grade 12 Physics and the four non-hierarchical levels of cognitive demand as described in the modified version of Bloom’s taxonomy. The physics topics included mechanics; waves, sound and light; electricity and magnetism; and optical phenomena. The cognitive demand levels included recall; comprehension; application and analysis; and synthesis and evaluation. This study found a 100 percent categorical coherence, a 67.3 percent balance of representation, a 79.4 percent cognitive complexity and an average Porter’s alignment index of 0.77 between the CAPS and the P1. The overall Cohen’s kappa for all the documents analysed was 0.88. The findings of this study indicate that the mechanics topic was under-emphasised whilst the application and analysis cognitive demand was over-emphasised in the P1. The CAPS and the P1 did not utilise the highest cognitive demand, synthesis and evaluation which may be interpreted as an environment that fosters lower order thinking. To change this environment of lower order thinking and simultaneously increase the alignment between the CAPS and the P1 this study recommends that firstly, the CAPS decreases the recall based content of the mechanics topic. Secondly, the CAPS and the P1 increase the synthesis and evaluation cognitive demand-based content at the expense of the recall cognitive demand-based content. Thirdly, the CAPS must include the content of the school-based physics practical assessments while decreasing the focus on physics definitions. The ultimate aim is an improvement in the pass rates of the NSC Grade 12 Physical Sciences examinations.Science and Technology Education
M. Sc. (Mathematics, Science and Technology Education (Physics Education))
39
Knight, David Peter. "Learner promotion policy in the further education and training band : a situation analysis." Diss., 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/4045.
Full textAbstract:
The National Curriculum Statement (NCS) Grades 10 to 12 (Schools), implemented from 2006, led to changes in promotion requirements and assessment practices. The investigation aimed at acquiring information about the extent to which the differences in the promotion requirements and assessment practices contributed to the high retention rate of learners in the FET Band.
An explanatory mixed method strategy was followed to obtain reliable and valid results in this research. Quantitative research consisted of questionnaires and a survey to investigate OBE, assessment practices, the Grade 12 examinations and the impact of changes in promotion requirements since 2006. Qualitative research consisted of an interview with an official from the National Department of Education that contributed to a better understanding of policy changes.
Based on the findings of the research, recommendations were constructed to improve assessment practices and to provide scientific data on the consequences of policy changes on the promotion of learners.Educational Studies
M. Ed. (Educational Management)
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CHEN, SHU-FANG, and 陳淑芳. "The Research of Police Criminal Record Certificate." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/nrad37.
Full textAbstract:
碩士中央警察大學
國境警察學系碩士班
107
Nowadays, people who came to apply for the Police Criminal Record Certificate were in a constant stream. The purposes mostly were all in search of jobs. The applications initial for the Police Criminal Record Certificate were mainly based on the demands of immigration, employment, study, and sightseeing. Along with the time changes, whether the Police Criminal Record Certificate currently is meet the needs or not. First, we’ll discuss the issue of the Police Criminal Record Certificate it may affect the related human rights, the operation of the Personal Information Protection Act and relevance law of public security. In addition to the current issuance of the Police Criminal Record Certificate, and the discussion of its imperfect legal provisions, the problems and situations that may be encountered in practice operation should be examined one by one. To see whether there are ways to get improve or adapt. Besides, the relevant laws and regulations on the criminal record of Common Law and Civil Law which are compared with our issuance of Police Criminal Record Certificates in order to take the advantages. In view of the purposes are used for job hunting, in this paper also sort out regulation that restricting employees who involved in criminal cases. There come out suggestions about the Act Governing Issuance of Police Criminal Record Certificates as follows: First, Legislate (Amend) the Law: Defining the purpose of the application, deleting the non-issuance provision, and clearly claiming that the applicant under the age of 18 should be approved by its legal representative or with the written consent and clear legal remedies. Second, the Practice Side: the District Courts or Summary Courts should be the issuing authority, the days of issuing procedure should be changed to 15 working days, and the immigrant population should issue a certificate of "actual stay in Taiwan." Third, the Policy Side: update the relevant measures for data security maintenance and the protection of rehabilitation provisions, the horizontal connection of relevant units and the integration of database. Keywords: Police criminal record certificate, Criminal record, Human right
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Ntuli, Zethu Eugenia. "Early childhood care and development: The missing link, a challenge for Swaziland." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/4860.
Full textAbstract:
This study explored the current practices implemented by Early Childhood Care and
Development (ECCD) caregivers / preschool teachers in Swaziland. It further
investigated how the lack of an appropriate policy on Early Childhood Care and
Development impacted on the delivery of services to the sector. The research was
conducted using a qualitative methodology, eliciting responses through semistructured
interview schedules.
In order to conduct a more in-depth analysis, eight interviews were held at various
early childhood care and development sites. The criteria for selection depended on
whether the participating caregiver had direct, hands-on experience of the day-to-day
care and running of ECCD sites. They also had to be involved in a full-time preschool
teaching programme and were purposively selected from the geographical
location of Manzini, in Swaziland. The sites could be distinguished into three
categories, namely: community (non-profit making), private and church or missionrun
centres. The results showed that caregivers implemented diverse and
uncoordinated practices and that there was no uniformity in terms of professional
training, classroom practice and curriculum application. It was evident that the
participants did not link the theory of their training to their practice, leaving gaps in
the provision of services and educational programmes to the children.
The study concluded that unless the government of Swaziland and the ECCD unit at
the national level of Education made a concerted effort to formulate a national ECCD
policy, Education for All would remain a pipedream. The study recommended that
government should formulate national ECCD policy guidelines to encourage
uniformity in practice and provision of ECCD sites. Not only should government
accelerate the development of the guidelines but they should also support the
caregivers by continuous professional development activities.
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Maharaj, Asha. "Ideological influences in the national curriculum statements for the further education and training band." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/2551.
Full textAbstract:
Since it assumed power in 1994, the government of South Africa had to meet the challenges of changing an education system that was established along racial lines. OBE and Curriculum 2005 were adopted into the school system. In the Further Education and Training Band Report 550 which was a 'cleansed' curriculum was introduced. The Framework for the Transformation of Further Education and Training in South Africa was published and promoted equality, economic competitiveness, redress, productivity and quality learning. On 28 October 2002 the draft National Curriculum Statements were published. The purpose of this study was to examine some of the policy intentions, influences and dominant ideologies in the FET policy documents. The study also examines the policy process and the recontextualization of policy discourses. A qualitative approach was used. Data was collected from questionnaires and interviews. The data obtained from the completed questionnaires and interviews was processed. The dominant ideology in the policy documents for English, Life Sciences, Mathematics and Physical Science were identified. The findings of the study shows that policy makers, designers and trainers adopted particular discourses that were at times aligned to the official policy discourse and at times they drew on new discourses based on their own histories, biographies and experiences of teaching in South African schools.
Finally recommendations were made concerning the policy process in the form of three propositions:
(i)Timing determined what was possible for the NCS: the policy development process was driven by a political need to deliver on a new curriculum;
(ii) In a system that is not currently functioning efficiently, new policy initiatives exacerbate rather than reform the conditions on the ground;
(iii) Government rationality was driven by a transformative agenda yet constrained by technicist management theories.Thesis (M.Ed.) - University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2006.
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Chiang, Jo-Ya, and 姜若雅. "The Research on Police Criminal Record Certificate: Social Status and Using Issues." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/37dfz5.
Full textAbstract:
碩士中央警察大學
外事警察研究所
107
With the change of globalization in the fields of economy, culture, education and so on, the flow of human has also moved with this trend and drifted to countries to explore, and the issuance of police criminal record certificate also arises at the historic moment, which adds a guarantee from the home country for our nationals when they are studying and immigrating in other countries. In recent years, the demand for police criminal record certificate has been increasing year by year, and the application purpose has become diversified, which often leads to the phenomenon that there are always so many people that the police office are bursting at the seams. The number of applications affected by social conditions. Simultaneously, there are some rarely known and hidden using issues behind the wave of applications. The research is to understand about the relationship between the police criminal record certificate and the fear of crime, corporate victimization and corporate crime prevention, then gathering and organizing these using issues of police criminal record certificate. Expecting to provide useful suggestions based on the concept of problems-oriented policing to make the public satisfaction and decrease the burden of work for the first line officers. Finally, achieving goals that demand party and authority agencies both can benefit. The research has adopted literature survey method to understand the history, revision of law and application procedure of police criminal record certificate. Then we can go further to figure out those theories including corporate victimization, fear of crime, and corporate crime prevention, utilizing those theories to monitor the issues with the application numbers of police criminal record certificate under some specific criminal incidents influence. Finally, the purpose of this research is to explore the relationship between police criminal record certificate with various social status and try my best to figure out some using issues. In the second data analysis section, I respectively analyzed the data from the applicant files of November 2017 and November 2018. Then the use of data to show police criminal record certificate is only the tip of the iceberg for the presentation of previous criminal data. Finally, in-depth interviews are used to interview the practical workers who are in the official department, enterprises, experts and scholars that the research results were obtained from the analysis of the interview content as follow: First, the demand of police criminal record certificate is increasing for applicant year by year and fluctuate according to some specific criminal incidents. Second, the fear of crime indeed affects the social demand of police criminal record certificates, but it is not absolute. Third, the enterprise believes that police criminal record certificate can be regarded as a part of crime prevention and has the effect of reducing the loss of victims. At last, the majority of the public is not aware of the function of police criminal record certificate Therefore, in the part of the my research recommendations, I propose some suggestions on the social status and using issues of police criminal record certificate, as follows： First, hosting more propaganda activities to help the applicant and enterprise to understand much more correct information about police criminal record certificate. Second, strengthening to tackle on certain types of crimes to increases our nationals get sense of trust and security. Third, improving the horizontal contact between government departments, avoiding bad communication and making trouble, providing the suitable pipelines of inquiring criminal data between different departments. Fourth, assisting enterprises to strengthen their crime prevention ability and reduce the possibility of being a victim. Fifth, we need to distinguish diverse purpose of applicant demand and establish some specialized methods to not only to present the certificate in a hidden way but practical. Sixth, revision of laws and administrative rules, adding validity period and warnings words. Seventh, combining police criminal record certificate applying procedure with other administrative measures, such as e-operation or collection of fingerprint cards in order to improve the crime detection rate, assisting in the search for missing persons and the nameless dead. As described on the previous each suggestion, I really hope that can be useful for the current status and future development of police criminal record certificate.
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Alison, Judie. "Mind the gap! : policy change in practice : school qualifications reform in New Zealand, 1980-2002 : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Education at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand." 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1441.
Full textAbstract:
'Policy gaps' in education mean that the visions of policy-makers frequently fail to materialise fully, or at all, in teacher practice. This thesis argues that a significant 'policy gap' developed in New Zealand around school qualifications policy during the 1990's, and puts forward some explanations for that. A significant shift in government discourses over that period, from largely social democratic to predominantly neo-liberal discourses, was not matched by a similar shift in the discourses of teachers or the union that represents them. During the same period, teachers and their representative bodies were excluded from policy development, reflecting this shift in government discourses. Government and teachers were 'talking past each other'. As a result, qualifications reforms that might have been expected to be generally welcomed by the profession, as a government response to calls from the profession over many decades, were instead rejected by the majority of teachers. Furthermore, the absence of the teacher voice from policy development meant that the shape of the reforms moved significantly away from the profession's original vision, a further reason for its unacceptability to teachers. Reform was only able to be achieved when teachers and their union were brought back into the policy-making and policy-communicating processes and a version of standards-based assessment closer to the union's original vision was adopted by government. Nevertheless, the National Certificate of Educational Achievement that resulted appears to still be perceived by teachers as externally imposed and its origins in the profession's advocacy for reform over many years have been lost. This indicates that 'policy gaps', while easily opened, are not as easily closed.
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Blumfield, Brian Alfred. "A historical review of the assessment of English Home Language at senior secondary school level in KwaZulu-Natal." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/2412.
Full textAbstract:
The National Curriculum Statement (NCS) heralds the beginning of a new curriculum for Grades 10 to
12 in South Africa. Underpinned by the South African Constitution, and based on the tenets of
Outcomes-based Education, the NCS seeks to provide contextually-relevant education for all South
African learners, so that they are able to embrace inevitable change. Although the NCS highlights the
importance of assessment, an analysis of the English Home Language (EHL) NCS reveals tensions
between policy and practice. This study attempts to contextualise the role of relevant assessment for the
21st century. It then proceeds to engage in a historical evaluation of assessment within the NSC in terms
of how assessment was conducted in the former Natal Education Department, a liberal education
department within former apartheid South Africa. The conclusions drawn from the evaluation are used
to provide recommendations to relieve the tensions identified within the EHL NSC.Educational Studies
M.Ed.
46
Hatalová, Michaela. "Implementace evropské směrnice o energetické náročnosti budov v ČR." Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-324941.
Full textAbstract:
The diploma thesis "Implementation of the European Directive on the energy performance of buildings in the Czech Republic" is a case study of the application of European law in the sector of efficient use of energy by the end user. This is a very complex issue, because the sector of energy policy is interdisciplinary theme, touching a wide range of actors and the strategies for energy policy are formed at different levels of governance. The degree of harmony of these strategies affect the success of the transposition of European law at the national level. Czech Republic has implemented the directive into national law through the amendment to the Energy Management Act. The new legislation follows the existing trend of increasing requirements on building energy standard and extends the use of certification in the real estate market as an instrument of consumer protection. The adoption of these measures means the interaction of public and private sector, where is a conflict of interests and values of individual actors. A significant degree of controversy has an impact on the success of the implementation.
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林國祥. "A Study on the Management of Government Certification Authorities－by Example of a Pilot Project for the Construction of a Certificate Authority for Police Agencies." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/57aduz.
Full text
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David, Joanne Munro. "An evaluation of the effectiveness of a cognitive load based teaching method in a mixed ability grade 9 class, with special attention to learners' attitudes and engagement." Diss., 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/21803.
Full text