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Journal articles on the topic 'Cerebrovascular disease - Social aspects'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 19 February 2022

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1

Khasanova, D. R., T. V. Danilova, and Z. K. Latypova. "Epilepsy in patients with ischemic brain disease." Kazan medical journal 94, no. 2 (April 15, 2013): 235–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kmj1595.

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Epilepsy is one of the most actual social problems in modern neurology and psychiatry. According to the results of the domestic and foreign studies, the risk of developing epilepsy increases with age. The increased rate of nervous system vascular and degenerative diseases as well as brain tumors and head injuries in elderly patients is one of the reasons for it. The review is devoted to the development of epilepsy in adults having an active cerebrovascular disease. Epilepsy is the disease with multiple causative factors. Among the etiological factors of epilepsy development in adults, the predominant place belongs to vascular diseases. The article presents the epidemiological aspects of the problem, the questions of pathophysiology, the variability of epileptic syndromes developing as a result of ischemic brain disease. It describes the characteristics of epileptic process as a result of a vascular lesion. The role of the cerebrovascular reactivity in brain vascular diseases development is described. A place of different research methods (such as electroencephalography, transcranial and extracranial duplex ultrasonography scanning of the major brain vessels, different modes of magnetic resonance imaging, functional magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopy) in identifying risk factors for seizures in patients with cerebrovascular pathology is reported. Possible exogenous and endogenous precipitants (cerebral atherosclerotic vascular disease, hypertension, cerebrovascular deregulation, increased convulsive predisposition, the external epileptic triggers, etc.) are described.

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Njomboro, Progress. "Social Cognition Deficits: Current Position and Future Directions for Neuropsychological Interventions in Cerebrovascular Disease." Behavioural Neurology 2017 (2017): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/2627487.

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Neuropsychological assessments of cognitive dysfunction in cerebrovascular illness commonly target basic cognitive functions involving aspects of memory, attention, language, praxis, and number processing. Here, I highlight the clinical importance of often-neglected social cognition functions. These functions recruit a widely distributed neural network, making them vulnerable in most cerebrovascular diseases. Sociocognitive deficits underlie most of the problematic social conduct observed in patients and are associated with more negative clinical outcomes (compared to nonsocial cognitive deficits). In clinical settings, social cognition deficits are normally gleaned from collateral information from caregivers or from indirect inferences made from patients’ performance on standard nonsocial cognitive tests. Information from these sources is however inadequate. I discuss key social cognition functions, focusing initially on deficits in emotion perception and theory of mind, two areas that have gained sizeable attention in neuroscientific research, and then extend the discussion into relatively new, less covered but crucial functions involving empathic behaviour, social awareness, social judgements, and social decision making. These functions are frequently impaired following neurological change. At present, a wide range of psychometrically robust social cognition tests is available, and this review also makes the case for their inclusion in neuropsychological assessments.

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Gayfullina, R. F., M. N. Katina, F. F. Rizvanova, O. A. Kravtsova, and A. A. Rizvanov. "Role of genetic polymorphism in the pathogenesis of cerebrovascular disease." Kazan medical journal 93, no. 4 (August 15, 2012): 663–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kmj1567.

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Presented was a review of the most recent literature devoted to the main genes responsible for the formation of atherothrombosis of the cerebral vessels. The aim was to analyze the data in the literature regarding several genetic factors responsible for the development of cerebrovascular disease, particularly ischemic stroke. Conducted was an electronic search of full-text and abstract-only versions of articles, which cover the aspects of genetic susceptibility to ischemic stroke, according to the databases PUBMED, OMIM and GENE using the following main keywords: «cerebrovascular disease», «ischemic stroke», «cerebral atherosclerosis», «gene polymorphism», «mutation». Medical diagnostics today has modern technologies of genotyping, which make it possibe to accurately determine the genotype of a person, thus opening up wide prospects for the development of personalized medicine. The majority of genetic variations is due to single nucleotide substitutions that lead to quantitative changes in expression or affect the biological properties of the proteins. Approximately 10 million single nucleotide polymorphisms are known, however their biological significance is not always obvious. Currently hereditary predisposition to atherosclerosis is being actively studied, identified were the genetic variants of genes of blood lipid metabolism, endothelial dysfunction, hemostatic system, and proteins involved in platelet aggregation and thrombosis. An individual «genetic passport» makes it possible to determine the risk factors for atherosclerotic lesions of blood vessels in a specific individual long before the development of the disease. Determination and investigation of groups of genes that are responsible for the development of atherosclerosis in people living in specific areas is still of utmost relevance. Based on these studies it is possible to establish specific test systems for the Republic of Tatarstan for diagnosing predisposition to the development of certain forms of atherosclerosis, the widespread introduction of which will significantly reduce the mortality and disability of the population, the economic and social damage.

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Olari, M., G. Le Vacon, and M. Follet. "Ekbom syndrome - cultural aspects from a clinical case." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 471. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)72178-2.

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IntroductionEkbom syndrome is a delusional parasitosis in which the patient has the delusion of infestation by parasites. This condition might occur in concordance with senile dementia or cerebrovascular disease, but it is also present in mood disorders or schizophrenia.ObjectivesTo present a clinical description of a delusional parasitosis that appeared in a young nigerian women after she immigrated in France.AimsOur case is suggestive for showing that delusional parasitosis might develop in circumstances of social vulnerability such as the immigration and might have different cultural aspects.MethodsWe present the case of a 29 years old nigerian women that developed a delusional parasitosis 3 years after her arrival in France. The diagnosis was based on a carefully detailed clinical history, an MMSE was also applied. In order to exclude secondary causes an extensive laboratory evaluation was performed including: complete blood cell count, liver, renal and thyroid function tests, serum electrolytes and glucose levels, vitamin B12, folate, iron studies, coproanalysis, neuroimaging.ResultsThe patient had all laboratory and neuroimaging tests normal. She presented a delusional parasitosis and she described an infestation with multiple intestinal worms. She was capable of describing them and their movements under the skin and also in all the organs. She described dracunculiasis and three more different species that are commonly present in Nigeria, she never mentioned lice or mites.ConclusionsEkbom syndrome is a delusion of hallucinatory mechanism that might have different cultural presentations and could be favored by social vulnerability such as immigration.

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Sasse, Kent. "Prognostic Scoring Systems: Facing Difficult Decisions with Objective Data." Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 2, no. 2 (1993): 185–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s096318010000089x.

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In the United States, at least 6% of all hospital beds are in the intensive care unit (ICU) or coronary care unit. The cost of treating a patient in an intensive care unit averages from $2,000 to $3,500 per day. At least 10–40% of intensive care patients will not survive to hospital discharge. Today, every major category of disease may be found in the modern ICU; common diagnoses are septicemia, postsurgical complications, cerebrovascular accidents, gastrointestinal bleeding, neoplasia, and respiratory failure. ICUs employ some of the most sophisticated medical technology, routinely monitoring the cardiopulmonary performance of patients and often providing assisted ventilation. ICUs are high intensity in terms of their staffing, involving 24-hour physician supervision and nurse:patient ratios from 1:3 to 1:1.

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Fang, Lingling, Jia Huang, Qian Zhang, Raymond C. K. Chan, Rong Wang, and Weiqing Wan. "Different aspects of dysexecutive syndrome in patients with moyamoya disease and its clinical subtypes." Journal of Neurosurgery 125, no. 2 (August 2016): 299–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2015.7.jns142666.

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OBJECTIVE Dysexecutive syndrome is common in patients with moyamoya disease (MMD), a chronic cerebrovascular disease that is characterized by stenosis of the bilateral internal carotid arteries and progressive collateral revascularization, and MMD can be classified as ischemic or hemorrhagic according to the disease presentation and history. In this study, the authors aimed to determine which aspects of executive function are impaired in patients with MMD, in addition to the specific dysexecutive functions present among its clinical subtypes and the mechanisms underlying dysexecutive function in these patients. METHODS The authors administered 5 typical executive function tests (the Stroop test, the Hayling Sentence Completion Test [HSCT], the verbal fluency [VF] test, the N-back test, and the Sustained Attention to Response Task [SART]) to 49 patients with MMD and 47 IQ-, age-, education-, and social status–matched healthy controls. The dysexecutive questionnaire (DEX) was also used to assess participants' subjective feelings about their executive function. A total of 39 of the patients were evaluated by CT perfusion (CTP) before the assessments were performed, and the correlations among the performances of the patients on the above tests with the parameters of cerebral blood volume, cerebral blood flow (CBF), mean transit time (MTT), and time-to-peak (TTP) in the frontal lobes of these patients were also analyzed. RESULTS Many aspects of executive function in the patients with MMD were significantly poorer than those in the healthy controls, and the patients performed particularly poorer on the VF test, HSCT, N-back test, and SART. The patients with hemorrhagic MMD exhibited worse executive inhibition, executive processing, and semantic inhibition compared with those with ischemic MMD, but the latter group presented a worse working memory and poorer sustained attention. There were no significant differences in the DEX scores between the patients with MMD and healthy controls. The other findings were as follows: CBF was significantly positively correlated with the number correct on part B of the HSCT (r = 0.481, p = 0.01) and accuracy on the 0-back task of the N-back (r = 0.346, p = 0.031); MTT was significantly positively correlated with accuracy on the 2-back task of the N-back (r = 0.349, p = 0.034) and factor 5 of the DEX (r = 0.359, p = 0.032); and TTP was significantly positively correlated with the number correct on part B of the HSCT (r = 0.402, p = 0.034) and the 1-back reaction time of the N-back (r = 0.356, p = 0.026). CONCLUSIONS The patients with MMD exhibited impairments in semantic inhibition, executive processing, working memory, and sustained attention, but they were not aware of these deficits. Moreover, differences in dysexecutive function existed between the different subtypes of MMD. Hypoperfusion of the frontal lobe may be related to working memory and semantic inhibition impairments in patients with MMD.

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M., Sarin S., and Jayasree A. K. "Health problems in geriatric population of age group ≥70 years in rural Kerala, India: a cross sectional study." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 7, no. 9 (August 27, 2019): 3486. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20193933.

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Background: The proportion of elderly population is increasing considerably world over. The health and socio-economic issues of this section is to be considered separately and in depth insights about them is needed for formulating elderly friendly health policy. This study intends toidentify the important health concerns of elderly population above the age group of 70 years in a rural area in North Kerala, India.Methods: It is a community based cross-sectional descriptive study involving all individuals above the age group of 70 years in a randomly selected panchayath ward from rural North Kerala. The data regarding demography, socioeconomic aspects, medical history, access to health care and treatment of chronic illnesses were collected through interview of study participants by a trained health care volunteer using a pre-validated questionnaire.Results: A total of 93 individuals above the age group of 70 years were included in the study out of which 63% were females and 37% males. In the study population 55.9% of the elderly were widowed and 87.1 % were staying along with their children. Almost 75% of the elderly received social welfare pension from government agencies and 14.3% received service pensions. 67.74% of the study population were hypertensive and 35.56% were diabetic. Other health issues included arthritis, coronary artery disease, chronic kidney disease, genito urinary symptoms and cerebrovascular accident.Conclusion: The study provide valuable insights into the health and social issues of elderly in Kerala and points to the importance of formulating an elderly friendly health policy in the state.

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Allenov, Andrey M., Tatyana P. Vasilyeva, Ivan V. Starostin, Ekaterina V. Makarova, and Anna V. Vorobeva. "Factors that determine the professional longevity of researchers." Russian Journal of Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology 61, no. 6 (August 7, 2021): 385–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/1026-9428-2021-61-6-385-401.

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The study aims to assess the characteristics of health, psychological status, lifestyle, social and living conditions as factors affecting the professional success of researchers. We used content analysis of literary data and the method of expert assessments. The factors that have a high impact on the professional success of researchers include age, quality of life, premature aging, cognitive load and activity, emotional status, physical inactivity. Among the average significant factors are job satisfaction, childbearing, educational growth, stress resistance, career growth, work on the household farm, medical responsibility, material security, corporate and family health-saving environment, lifestyle, personal qualities, psycho-psychological, information and energy loads, emotional stress, academic title, intellectual activity cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, alternation of physical and mental work (change of mono-load to complex). It is necessary to study further the factors that determine the success of the professional activity of researchers. There is a significant number of problems and many negative aspects associated with scientific training. According to the agreed opinion of experts, there are priority ranking places by such problems as in the first place - a decrease in cognitive functions; in the second place - a reduction in the effectiveness of scientific activity and premature aging; in the third place - the presence of low medical responsibility; in the fourth place - a frequent decrease in physical activity; in the fifth-place - emotional burnout, the fact of low material security, the formation of violations of psychological characteristics, premature termination of scientific activity. The factors that have a high impact on the professional success of researchers include age, quality of life, premature aging, cognitive load and activity, emotional status, physical inactivity. Among the average significant factors are job satisfaction, childbearing, educational growth, stress resistance, career growth, work on the household farm, medical responsibility, material security, corporate and family health-saving environment, lifestyle, personal qualities, psycho-psychological, information and energy loads, emotional stress, academic title, intellectual activity cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, alternation of physical and mental work (change of mono-load to complex).

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Schwartz, Joseph A. "Neurobehavioral Aspects of Cerebrovascular Disease." Psychosomatics 33, no. 3 (August 1992): 358. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0033-3182(92)71981-1.

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Alberts, M. J. "Genetic aspects of cerebrovascular disease." Stroke 22, no. 2 (February 1991): 276–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.str.22.2.276.

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Neuren, A. P. "Neurobehavioral Aspects of Cerebrovascular Disease." Neurology 41, no. 12 (December 1, 1991): 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.41.12.2016.

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12

Folstein, Marshal F. "Neurobehavioral Aspects of Cerebrovascular Disease." Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 181, no. 2 (February 1993): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005053-199302000-00016.

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Toole, James F. "Neurobehavioral aspects of cerebrovascular disease." Journal of the Neurological Sciences 108, no. 1 (March 1992): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-510x(92)90198-t.

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Marshall, J. "BOOK REVIEWS: Neurobehavioural Aspects of Cerebrovascular Disease." Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 54, no. 12 (December 1, 1991): 1125–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.54.12.1125-a.

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Shovlin, C. L. "Genetic Aspects of Cerebrovascular Malformations." Interventional Neuroradiology 6, no. 2 (June 2000): 107–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/159101990000600204.

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In the last decade there have been fundamental advances in our understanding of the pathogenesis of vascular malformations. These advances have resulted from the application of molecular methods to identify disease genes, rather than from immunohistochemical or physiological studies. This presentation reviews the genetic basis of a variety of cerebral vascular malformations which occur as part of well-characterised diseases inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. These highlight the diversity of mechanisms which can perturb vascular development, and should have significant implications for the development of new therapies.

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Kim, I. V., E. V. Bochkareva, and Yu Ya Varakin. "Cerebrovascular disease screening in general medical practice: methodological aspects." Profilakticheskaya meditsina 20, no. 5 (2017): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.17116/profmed201720559-64.

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Pula, John H., and Carlen A. Yuen. "Eyes and stroke: the visual aspects of cerebrovascular disease." Stroke and Vascular Neurology 2, no. 4 (July 6, 2017): 210–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/svn-2017-000079.

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Catto, A. J. "Genetic aspects of the hemostatic system in cerebrovascular disease." Neurology 57, Supplement 2 (September 1, 2001): S24—S30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.57.suppl_2.s24.

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Hennerici, Michael G. "New Aspects of Calcium Antagonists for Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease." Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology 18 (1991): S59—S63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005344-199106191-00011.

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Hennerici, Michael G. "New Aspects of Calcium Antagonists for Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease." Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology 18 (1991): S59—S63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005344-199118101-00011.

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Magalhães, Nathalia Noyma Sampaio, Tássia Mariana Moreira da Paz, Renato Lourenço de Medeiros, Thais Sette Espósito, Olivia Franco dos Santos, Ianka Cristina Ernesto, Marina Schuffner Silva, and Daniela de Oliveira Werneck Rodrigues. "Doença Cerebrovascular: Aspectos de uma população com Doença Falciforme / Cerebrovascular Disease: Aspects of a population with sickle cell disease." Brazilian Journal of Health Review 3, no. 5 (2020): 15440–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.34119/bjhrv3n5-320.

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Ladurner, G., M. Tschinkel, H. Klebl, and H. Lytwin. "Reaction time in cerebrovascular disease." Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics 4, no. 4 (January 1985): 373–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-4943(85)90044-5.

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Grotta, James C. "Clinical Aspects of the Use of Calcium Antagonists in Cerebrovascular Disease." Clinical Neuropharmacology 14, no. 5 (October 1991): 373–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002826-199110000-00001.

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Griessenauer, Christoph J., Sean Farrell, Atom Sarkar, Ramin Zand, Vida Abedi, Neil Holland, Andrew Michael, et al. "Genetic susceptibility to cerebrovascular disease: A systematic review." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 38, no. 11 (September 5, 2018): 1853–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0271678x18797958.

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Investigation of genetic susceptibility to cerebrovascular disease has been of growing interest. A systematic review of human studies assessing neurogenomic aspects of cerebrovascular disease was performed according to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) statement. Any association study exploring genetic variants located in the exome associated with one of the major cerebrovascular diseases with at least 500 subjects was eligible for inclusion. Of 6874 manuscripts identified, 35 studies met the inclusion criteria. Most studies of interest focused on ischemic stroke and cerebrovascular occlusive disease. Large cohort genetic association studies on hemorrhagic cerebrovascular disease were less common. In addition to rare, well-established monogenic conditions with significant risk for cerebrovascular disease, a number of genetic variants are also relevant to cerebrovascular pathogenesis as part of a multifactorial process. The 45 polymorphisms identified were located in genes involved in processes related to endothelial and vascular health (15 (33.4%) variants), plasma lipid metabolism (10 (22.2%) variants), inflammation (9 (20%) variants), coagulation (3 (6.7%) variants), and blood pressure modulation (2 (4.4%) variants), and other (6 (13.3%) variants). This work represents a comprehensive overview of genetic variants in the exome relevant to ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke pathophysiology.

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Levy, E. I., A. S. Boulos, B. R. Bendok, M. B. Horowitz, S. H. Kim, A. I. Qureshi, L. R. Guterman, and L. N. Hopkins. "Intracranial Stenting for Cerebrovascular Pathology." Rivista di Neuroradiologia 16, no. 1 (February 2003): 139–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/197140090301600118.

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After reading this article, the participant should be able to: Describe the use of stent-assisted angioplasty for intracranial atherosclerotic disease. Recall the present status of stent-assisted managment of intracranial aneurysms. Describe the role of stenting and its technical aspects in the treatment of arteriovenous fistulae and acute stroke.

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Maslarov, D., D. Drenska, and J. Petrova. "Early Cerebrovascular Disease—Clinical Characteristics and Aspects. Description of a Clinical Case." American Journal of Neuroprotection and Neuroregeneration 2, no. 1 (June 1, 2010): 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/ajnn.2010.1013.

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Berrios, G. E. "Presbyophrenia: Clinical Aspects." British Journal of Psychiatry 147, no. 1 (July 1985): 76–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.147.1.76.

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SummaryFifteen cases meeting the diagnostic criteria for presbyophrenia are reported and compared with a control sample of patients suffering from dementia. The presbyophrenic patients exhibited more elevated mood, more hyperactivity, more disorientation, and had lower information scores than the controls. Traditional explanations of ‘presbyophrenic behaviour’ such as delirium, pathoplastic effect of personality, or superimposed cerebrovascular disease are not adequate. Instead, presbyophrenia may constitute a sub-type of dementia characterised by severe atrophy of the locus coeruleus, marked impairment of noradrenergic transmission, and uninhibited behaviour.

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Reisberg, Barry, Steven H. Ferris, Thet Oo, and Emile Franssen. "Staging: Relevance for Trial Design in Vascular Burden of the Brain." International Psychogeriatrics 15, S1 (July 2003): 231–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610203009256.

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Cerebrovascular small vessel disease is now believed to be the major source of vascular burden of the brain. Cerebrovascular small vessel disease and Alzheimer's disease appear to represent pathophysiologic and clinical continua, rather than dichotomous entities. It appears that common etiopathologic mechanisms underlie the clinical presentation of both of these conditions. Therefore, the staging procedures that have been developed for the clinical continuum of age-associated memory impairment, mild cognitive impairment, and the progressive dementia of Alzheimer's disease appear to be applicable for the same continua in cerebrovascular small vessel disease. Although temporal and prognostic aspects have been studied for the Alzheimer's-related portions of this clinical staging continuum, they remain to be elucidated for cerebrovascular small vessel disease.

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Nance, Martha A. "Huntington Disease: Clinical, Genetic, and Social Aspects." Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology 11, no. 2 (July 1998): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089198879801100204.

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Huntington disease (HD) is a fascinating neurodegenerative disorder whose features straddle the boundaries of psychiatry, neurology, and genetics. The clinical symptoms of HD consist of a triad of motor, cognitive, and psychiatric/behavioral disturbances. In 1993, the HD Collaborative Research Group identified the gene and the mutation responsible for HD. HD was one of the first neurodegenerative disorders discovered to be caused by a novel mutational mechanism known as trinucleotide repeat expansion. Since then, HD has been the model for autosomal dominant neurogenetic disorders. The clinical, pathological, and genetic aspects of the disease are reviewed and some of the questions that remain to be answered by researchers of the 21st century are outlined.

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King, Kathleen B. "Psychologic and social aspects of cardiovascular disease." Annals of Behavioral Medicine 19, no. 3 (September 1997): 264–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02892290.

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Fukunishi, Isao, Takayuki Aoki, and Takashi Hosaka. "Correlations for Social Support with Depression in the Chronic Poststroke Period." Perceptual and Motor Skills 85, no. 3 (December 1997): 811–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1997.85.3.811.

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This study examined correlations of social support with rated mood states, including depression, for 47 patients with cerebrovascular disease during the chronic poststroke period. After the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III–R, four psychological measures, the Zung Self-depression Scale, the Hamilton Depression Scale, Profile of Mood States, and Social Support Scale, were administered. The patients with cerebrovascular disease exhibited significantly more psychiatric disorders, including depression, and had poorer social support than healthy controls. The severity of depression was significantly related to poor social support and particularly to the presence of social support rather than just the perception of poor social support. Depressed patients may also rate their support as poor because they are depressed. For some patients with cerebrovascular disease during the chronic poststroke period, depression may be related to low social support.

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Keller, Sarah A., Kellia J. Hansmann, W. Ryan Powell, Barbara B. Bendlin, and Amy J. H. Kind. "A Scoping Review of the Association of Social Disadvantage and Cerebrovascular Disease Confirmed by Neuroimaging and Neuropathology." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 13 (July 2, 2021): 7071. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18137071.

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Social disadvantage—a state of low-income, limited education, poor living conditions, or limited social support—mediates chronic health conditions, including cerebrovascular disease. Social disadvantage is a key component in several health impact frameworks, providing explanations for how individual-level factors interact with interpersonal and environmental factors to create health disparities. Understanding the association between social disadvantage and vascular neuropathology, brain lesions identified by neuroimaging and autopsy, could provide insight into how one’s social context interacts with biological processes to produce disease. The goal of this scoping review was to evaluate the scientific literature on the relationship between social disadvantage and cerebrovascular disease, confirmed through assessment of vascular neuropathology. We reviewed 4049 titles and abstracts returned from our search and included records for full-text review that evaluated a measure of social disadvantage as an exposure variable and cerebrovascular disease, confirmed through assessment of vascular neuropathology, as an outcome measure. We extracted exposures and outcomes from 20 articles meeting the criteria after full-text review, and described the study findings and populations sampled. An improved understanding of the link between social factors and cerebrovascular disease will be an important step in moving the field closer to addressing the fundamental causes of disease and towards more equitable brain health.

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Puddu, Paolo, Giovanni M. Puddu, Luciana Bastagli, Giorgio Massarelli, and Antonio Muscari. "Coronary and cerebrovascular atherosclerosis: two aspects of the same disease or two different pathologies?" Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics 20, no. 1 (January 1995): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-4943(94)00600-c.

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Ramasubbu, Rajamannar, and Sidney H. Kennedy. "Factors Complicating the Diagnosis of Depression in Cerebrovascular Disease, Part I — Phenomenological and Nosological Issues*." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 39, no. 10 (December 1994): 596–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674379403901003.

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Depression is frequently associated with cerebrovascular disease. Early detection and intervention in depression may enhance rehabilitation potential. Difficulties encountered by clinicians in identifying depression in patients with cerebrovascular disease are numerous. This two part review focuses on issues related to the diagnosis of depression with emphasis on recognition of depressive symptoms and their relevance to the diagnosis of depressive syndromes in the presence of vascular lesions and associated neurological deficits. Furthermore, the value of diagnostic instruments and biological markers in identifying depression following stroke has been critically evaluated. In this first part of this two part paper, phenomenological and nosological aspects are considered with an emphasis on symptom profile, significance of vegetative symptoms and other related emotional responses such as catastrophic reaction, emotionalism and apathy in the diagnosis of depression following stroke. The applicability of diagnostic subcategories to define depressive syndromes associated with cerebrovascular disease and its clinical relevance is also discussed. The authors stress that knowledge on phenomenology of depression and other emotional responses related to cerebrovascular disease will facilitate better understanding of its clinical presentation and may improve diagnostic acumen.

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Gaab, M. R., K. Holl, M. N. Nemati, E. Rzesacz, H. Becker, and H. Dietz. "Mapping of rCBF and cerebrovascular reserve capacity by stable xenon CT in cerebrovascular disease: Pathophysiological aspects and effects of operative therapy." Psychiatry Research 29, no. 3 (September 1989): 309–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-1781(89)90074-7.

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Pokharel, Babu Ram, P. Pant, R. Gurung, R. Koju, TRS Bedi, and M. Pathak. "Study of Cerebrovascular Disease at Dhulikhel Hospital." Nepalese Heart Journal 7, no. 1 (August 25, 2013): 40–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njh.v7i1.8501.

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A stroke is the rapidly developing loss of brain function due to disturbance in the blood supply to the brain. It is a medical emergency that requires rapid diagnosis and treatment. The availability of CT Scan has made it easier for early diagnosis and intervention. The aim of this study was to identify the risk factors (eg. hypertension, diabetes mellitus and cigarette smoking) commonly seen in patients admitted in the hospital with stroke along with age group, sex distribution, duration of stay in the hospital and the occupancy of stroke patients admitted in medical ward. A total of 51 stroke patient were admitted in medical ward in the review period. CT scan was used to differentiate hemorrhagic from ischemic stroke. Patients were analyzed in terms of risk factors (like hypertension, diabetes mellitus and cigarette smoking) along with age and sex. In case of ischemic stroke along with CT Scan, ECG, Echocardiography, Carotid Doppler was done accordingly. Out of 2307 total admissions in medical ward, 51 cases (2.2%) were stroke patients. Among the stroke cases, 59% constituted male and 41% female. Similarly around 25% of the total cases were Diabetic / Hypertensive both or alone, 35% of the total cases were smokers, 48.6% of the cases were in the 51-70 age groups. 61% stayed in the hospital for 5 days or less. Cerebrovascular disease carries a lot of financial, physical, social and emotional implications. If we can address the modifiable risk factors, we can reduce the incidence of stroke. Nepalese Heart Journal | Volume 7 | No.1 | November 2010 (special issue) | Page 40-43 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njh.v7i1.8501

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Grimes, D. S. "Vitamin D and the social aspects of disease." QJM 104, no. 12 (August 3, 2011): 1065–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/qjmed/hcr128.

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Reed, Wornie. "Social Aspects of Illness, Disease and Sickness Absence." Contemporary Sociology: A Journal of Reviews 41, no. 5 (September 2012): 660–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0094306112457769dd.

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Sockett, Paul. "Social and economic aspects of food-borne disease." Food Policy 18, no. 2 (April 1993): 110–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0306-9192(93)90019-8.

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Oliveira, Carolina Camargo de, Sylvia Maria Ciasca, and M. Valeriana L. Moura-Ribeiro. "Stroke in patients with sickle cell disease: clinical and neurological aspects." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 66, no. 1 (March 2008): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-282x2008000100008.

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The aim of this study was to characterize a group of patients (n=8) with sickle cell disease (SCD) and ischemic stroke concerning the clinical, neurological, imaging and progressive aspects. Data were collected from records and completed with an interview of patients and their parents. In this study there were 8 patients with ages ranging from 10 to 23 years old; SCD diagnosis was given between one and two years of age with clinical features of fatigue and anemia. The stroke was ischemic in all individuals and the first cerebrovascular event occurred before 6 years of age; 3 patients had recurrence of stroke despite prophylactic blood transfusion therapy and both cerebral hemispheres were affected in 4 patients. Clinical and neurological current features observed were: acute pain crises, sialorrhea, mouth breathing, motor, and neuropsychological impairments resulting from cortical-subcortical structure lesions.

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Strickland, Sidney. "Impact of the Coagulation System on the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease." Blood 130, Suppl_1 (December 7, 2017): SCI—3—SCI—3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v130.suppl_1.sci-3.sci-3.

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Abstract Alzheimer's disease (AD) leads to cognitive impairment and is eventually fatal. The cognitive decline is associated with extensive neuronal degeneration. The most well-known pathological features of AD are extracellular Aβ plaques, intracellular tau tangles, neuroinflammation, and neuronal loss. Less discussed is that AD is often associated with cerebrovascular abnormalities. The symptoms of AD and cerebrovascular pathology could be independent co-morbidities, with both being increased in aging populations. However, it is also possible that there is a mechanistic link between AD and vascular pathology. The interaction of Aβ with fibrin(ogen) can lead to increased fibrin deposition in cerebral blood vessels, and these accumulated fibrin deposits may disrupt cerebral blood flow and induce microinfarcts, inflammation, and BBB damage, all of which are aspects of cerebrovascular dysfunction observed in AD. At the same time, Ab's ability to activate FXII may contribute to increased fibrin generation through the intrinsic coagulation pathway as well as to increased inflammation and vascular permeability through bradykinin release from HK. These possible roles of Aβ in thrombosis, fibrinolysis, and inflammation via its interaction with fibrinogen and FXII, summarized in Figure 1, will be discussed. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Harbaugh, Robert E., and Akash Agarwal. "Training Residents in Endovascular Neurosurgery." Neurosurgery 59, suppl_5 (November 1, 2006): S3–277—S3–281. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/01.neu.0000237355.55265.03.

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Abstract NEUROSURGEONS HAVE A long history of treating cerebrovascular disease. Understanding the vascular anatomy and physiology of the nervous system and management of patients with abnormalities of theses vascular structures are vitally important aspects of neurosurgery resident training. Over the past decade, the treatment of cerebrovascular disease has been evolving toward endovascular strategies for many patients. Interventional neuroradiologists were the pioneers in developing this area of therapy, but the number of neurosurgical trainees in neuroendovascular treatment is increasing, and other specialties, including neurology, vascular surgery, and cardiology, are now entering the field of neuroendovascular treatment. The purpose of this article is to review the current credentialing guidelines for neurosurgeons to use endovascular techniques in the treatment of cerebrovascular disease and to consider options for resident training in the rapidly evolving field of endovascular neurosurgery.

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Di Napoli, Mario, and Imtiaz M. Shah. "Neuroinflammation and Cerebrovascular Disease in Old Age: A Translational Medicine Perspective." Journal of Aging Research 2011 (2011): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2011/857484.

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The incidence of cerebrovascular disease is highest in the elderly population. However, the pathophysiological mechanisms of brain response to cerebral ischemia in old age are currently poorly understood. Ischemic changes in the commonly used young animal stroke models do not reflect the molecular changes associated with the aged brain. Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress are important pathogenic processes occurring during the acute phase of cerebral ischemia. Free radical generation is also implicated in the aging process, and the combination of these effects in elderly stroke patients could explain the higher risk of morbidity and mortality. A better understanding of stroke pathophysiology in the elderly patient would assist in the development of new therapeutic strategies for this vulnerable age group. With the increasing use of reperfusion therapies, inflammatory pathways and oxidative stress remain attractive therapeutic targets for the development of adjuvant neuroprotective agents. This paper will discuss these molecular aspects of acute stroke and senescence from a bench-to-bedside research perspective.

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Kim, Min-Young, and Hosung Shin. "Effects of Periodontal Disease on Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease: A Focus on Personal Income and Social Deprivation." Journal of Dental Hygiene Science 17, no. 4 (August 31, 2017): 375–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.17135/jdhs.2017.17.4.375.

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Jeng, Jiann-Shing, and Ping-Keung Yip. "Epidemiology of cerebrovascular disease in the elderly in East Asia." Geriatrics and Gerontology International 4, s1 (September 2004): S198—S201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1447-0594.2004.00199.x.

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Rossi, A., R. Biancheri, E. Lanino, M. Faraci, R. Haupt, C. Micalizzi, and P. Tortori-Donati. "Neuroradiology of Pediatric Hemolymphoproliferative Disease." Rivista di Neuroradiologia 16, no. 2 (April 2003): 221–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/197140090301600203.

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Hemolymphoproliferative diseases (HLD) are among the most common causes of morbidity and mortality in children. In the past few years, the increased effectiveness of treatment modalities has significantly increased overall survival, but has also disclosed new aspects of the natural history of these disorders, among which central nervous system (CNS) involvement. CNS complications of HLD can basically be categorized into direct localization of primary disease, indirect effects of malignancy such as cerebrovascular or infectious complications, and iatrogenic side effects. Magnetic resonance imaging plays an important, often crucial role in the diagnosis of several of these disorders. Close interdisciplinary collaboration between hemato-oncologists and neuroradiologists is of paramount importance to provide affected children with an early diagnosis and proper treatment.

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Geltser, B. I., I. G. Kurpatov, V. N. Kotelnikov, and Yu V. Zayats. "Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cerebrovascular diseases: functional and clinical aspect of comorbidity." Terapevticheskii arkhiv 90, no. 3 (March 15, 2018): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.26442/terarkh201890381-88.

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Literature data of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and cerebrovascular diseases (CVD) comorbidity are represented in this review. Key aspects of this interaction and its importance for clinical medicine have been considered. CVD and COPD are the main mortality factors in adults, which contribute to great economic wastes. The incidence of chronic cerebral ischemia for COPD patients is almost three times as high as for general population. The incidence of ischemic stroke for COPD patients is 1,2 times higher than in general population. For hemorrhagic stroke and subarachnoid haemorrhages, this figures are 1,3 and 1,46 respectively. Chronic systemic inflammation, tissue hypoxia and oxidative stress play the crucial role in respiratory and cerebrovascular comorbidity. Metabolites of these processes (especially proinflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen species, C-reactive protein and some neurotrophins) increase the permeability of blood-brain barrier, destroy brain cells and activate atherogenesis in pre - and intracerebral arteries. Endothelial dysfunction affects autoregulation of cerebral circulation. Systemic symptoms of COPD are closely associated with different structural-functional disorders of the brain such as reduction in white matter integrity, grey matter volume reduction and cerebral microbleeds. Also, venous encephalopathy is developed as a result of intrathoracic pressure elevation and stasis in superior vena cava system. These processes result in neurological symptomatology. The intensity of symptoms depends on COPD severity. The occurrence of cognitive impairment, psychic tension, depression, panic disorders also increases. However COPD and CVD comorbidity is an important problem of modern medicine, pathophysiologic mechanisms and clinic aspects of this problem remain unresolved. Understanding of their role opens perspectives for rational pharmacotherapy.

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Assari, Shervin, and Mohsen Bazargan. "Baseline Obesity Increases 25-Year Risk of Mortality due to Cerebrovascular Disease: Role of Race." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 19 (October 1, 2019): 3705. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16193705.

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Background: Although obesity may have a role as a risk factor for cerebrovascular mortality, less is known about how demographic and social groups differ in this regard. Aims: This study had two aims: first to investigate the predictive role of baseline obesity on long-term risk of mortality due to cerebrovascular disease, and second, to test racial variation in this effect. Methods: the Americans’ Changing Lives Study (ACL) 1986–2011 is a state of the art 25-year longitudinal cohort study. ACL followed a nationally representative sample of Blacks (n = 1156) and Whites (n = 2205) for up to 25 years. Baseline obesity was the main predictor of interest, time to cerebrovascular death was the main outcome of interest. Demographic characteristics, socioeconomic status (educational attainment and household income), health behaviors (exercise and smoking), and health (hypertension and depressive symptoms) at baseline were covariates. Cox proportional hazards models were used to test additive and multiplicative effects of obesity and race on the outcome. Results: From the total 3,361 individuals, 177 people died due to cerebrovascular causes (Whites and Blacks). In the pooled sample, baseline obesity did not predict cerebrovascular mortality (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.86, 0.49–1.51), independent of demographic, socioeconomic, health behaviors, and health factors at baseline. Race also interacted with baseline obesity on outcome (HR = 3.17, 1.09–9.21), suggesting a stronger predictive role of baseline obesity on cerebrovascular deaths for Black people compared to White individuals. According to the models that were run specific to each race, obesity predicted risk of cerebrovascular mortality for Blacks (HR = 2.51, 1.43–4.39) but not Whites (HR = 0.69, 0.31–1.53). Conclusions: Baseline obesity better predicts long-term risk of cerebrovascular death in Black individuals compared to White people. More research should explore factors that explain why racial differences exist in the effects of obesity on cerebrovascular outcome. Findings also have implications for personalized medicine.

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Furr, L. Allen. "Psycho-Social Aspects of Serious Renal Disease and Dialysis." Social Work in Health Care 27, no. 3 (June 2, 1998): 97–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j010v27n03_06.

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Gertsev, V. N., A. N. Stoyanov, S. S. Mashchenko, and S. A. Antonenko. "New pathogenetic aspects of the relationship between some risk factors of cerebrovascular diseases and Parkinson’s disease." INTERNATIONAL NEUROLOGICAL JOURNAL, no. 7.109 (November 20, 2019): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.22141/2224-0713.7.109.2019.183011.

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