Journal articles: 'Ceramics processing'

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Algatti, Mauricio A., Emerson Ferreira de Lucena, Élson de Campos, Rogério Pinto Mota, and Jerusa Góes Aragão Santana. "New Methodology in Modeling Ceramics." Advances in Science and Technology 63 (October 2010): 158–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.63.158.

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The improvement of ceramic synthesis and processing methodology based on digital image processing and analysis of ceramic samples is in its initial stage. The main reason is that the models are based on poorly obtained data from sample’s digital image processing. The lack of a solid statistical analysis and digital-imaging setup standardization make the method less useful that it should be if set in a sound basis. Therefore the importance of setting a new methodology in digital image processing for data acquisition on ceramic morphology analysis is essential for setting new models for customized ceramic synthesis and processing. The present paper shows results based on Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) from Al2O3 ceramics obtained by starch consolidation method. Observation of different sample’s regions allowed a more accurate description of ceramic morphology. Plots of resistance to flexion versus porosity and its correlation with the grain size and shape allowed one to choose the best model for representing ceramic’s morphology. Correlation of starch percentage with sample’s porosity and mechanical resistance allowed the best experimental conditions for customized ceramic’s performance.

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Kolar, D. "Chemical research needed to improve high-temperature processing of advanced ceramic materials (Technical report)." Pure and Applied Chemistry 72, no. 8 (January 1, 2000): 1425–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200072081425.

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Of the principal classes of engineering materials, ceramics are in many ways the most interesting and challenging. Many properties, or combination, of properties, not achievable with other classes of materials give ceramics enormous technical potential. The main obstacles that prevent the wider use of ceramics include insufficient reliability, reproducibility, and high cost. The physical basis of the processing steps is well established, however, the chemical reactions which occur during the high-temperature processing frequently influence the densification process and microstructure development of ceramics in an unpredictable way. Therefore, an ability to understand and control the chemical processes that occur during ceramic processing are necessary to advance and open up new uses for technical ceramics. The aim of this present report, resulting from discussions of an ad hoc group of ceramists and chemists, is to expose the areas of chemical research that can most benefit the processing, and further the use, of ceramic materials.

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Li, Mao Qiang. "Making Fluorophlogopite Ceramics through Ceramic Processing." Key Engineering Materials 336-338 (April 2007): 1833–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.336-338.1833.

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Fluorophlogopite ceramics, which possesses very good machinability, high electrical resistance and high dielectric strength, is very difficult to be sintered to fully dense state. It is usually made through glass-ceramics processing. In this paper the effects of particle size distribution and sintering agents on sintering of fluorophlogopite ceramics are investigated. The study concludes that dense fluorophlogopite ceramics can be produced through ceramic processing, including careful synthesis of fluorophlogopite powder as raw material, grinding with attrition mill, and pressureless sintering with the help of plumbum contained boron silicate glass as sintering agent in the temperature range of 1100 to 1200°C.

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Ring, Terry A. "Processing of Fine Ceramic Powders." MRS Bulletin 15, no. 1 (January 1990): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400060711.

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This article discusses the fundamentals required to produce narrow size distribution fine ceramic powders, make suspensions of fine ceramic powders, and make green bodies with a uniform packing of these particles. In all cases, the interface that fine ceramic powders present to their environment is a very important parameter in controlling the properties of the powders during processing.There are two major classifications for ceramics: structural and functional. The former includes high and low temperature applications. High temperature ceramics are needed for kiln furniture, ladles, catalyst substrates, and insulations. Low temperature uses are represented by the traditional white ware, as well as hardness applications, such as coatings, armor, and cutting tools. Electrical functions include superconductivity, dielectrics, piezoelectrics, and varistors; magnetic functions are represented by ferrite magnets and SQUIDs (Superconducting Quantum Interference Devices); and optical functions include optical and infrared windows, as well as radar windows. Each class of ceramics has different processing problems and, therefore, different research and development directions. The major areas of research advances for structural and functional ceramics are described below.

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Charnah, R. M. "The Growing Pains of Ceramics Processing." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 202, no. 4 (July 1988): 227–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1988_202_114_02.

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Recent advances in ceramics and in particular their processing have led to a re-evaluation of how and where they can be used. The lecture discusses some of the recently introduced processing techniques for ceramics and the new materials derived from them. The processes are used to illustrate where engineers can apply ceramics, including ceramic composites, and how they can tackle the challenges posed by the materials themselves and by the changes implicit in using them rather than, or in conjunction with, traditional engineering materials.

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Kim, Young Wook, Shin Han Kim, Chul B. Park, and Hai Doo Kim. "Processing and Mechanical Properties of Microcellular Ceramics." Key Engineering Materials 317-318 (August 2006): 899–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.317-318.899.

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Recently, a novel processing route for fabricating microcellular ceramics has been developed. The strategy for making the microcellular ceramics involves: (i) forming some shapes containing a mixture of preceramic polymer, expandable microspheres and optional fillers by a conventional ceramic forming method, (ii) foaming the compact by heating, (iii) cross-linking the foamed body, and (iv) transforming the foamed body into microcellular ceramics by pyrolysis. The flexural strength and compressive strengths of the microcellular ceramics were investigated; values up to 30 MPa and 100 MPa, respectively, were obtained at room temperature. The superior mechanical properties were attributed to homogeneous distribution of cells in microcellular ceramics.

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Lee, William Edward, J. Juoi, M. I. Ojovan, and O. K. Karlina. "Processing Ceramics for Radioactive Waste Immobilisation." Advances in Science and Technology 45 (October 2006): 1986–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.45.1986.

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The basic principles of incorporating high level radioactive waste into glasses, ceramics and glass composite materials (GCMs) are described. Current UK technology uses glass wasteforms for the products of reprocessing while some waste streams may be incorporated in ceramics and difficult or legacy wastes will require the development of other wasteforms many of which will be GCMs. Processingproperty- structure relations in novel wasteforms are described including the use of self-sustaining reactions to produce a composite ceramic wasteform based on TiC and Al2O3 from irradiated graphite and development of a GCM wasteform for immobilising spent zeolite sand filters.

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Denry, Isabelle L. "Recent Advances in Ceramics for Dentistry." Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine 7, no. 2 (April 1996): 134–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10454411960070020201.

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For the last ten years, the application of high-technology processes to dental ceramics allowed for the development of new materials such as heat-pressed, injection-molded, and slip-cast ceramics and glass-ceramics. The purpose of the present paper is to review advances in new materials and processes available for making all-ceramic dental restorations. Concepts on the structure and strengthening mechanisms of dental ceramics are provided. Major developments in materials for all-ceramic restorations are addressed. These advances include improved processing techniques and greater mechanical properties. An overview of the processing techniques available for all-ceramic materials is given, including sintering, casting, machining, slip-casting, and heat-pressing. The most recent ceramic materials are reviewed with respect to their principal crystalline phases, including leucite, alumina, forsterite, zirconia, mica, hydroxyapatite, lithium disilicate, sanidine, and spinel. Finally, a summary of flexural strength data available for all-ceramic materials is included.

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LAL, BAJRANG, and PANKAJ JAIN. "LASER IN CERAMICS PROCESSING." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 22 (January 2013): 701–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s201019451301088x.

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LASER, an acronym for Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation have unique properties, Which make it differ from ordinary light such as it is highly coherent, monochromatic, negligible divergence and scattering loss and a intense beam of electromagnetic radiation or light. It also occur in a wide range of wavelength/frequency (from Ultraviolet to Infrared), energy/power and beam-mode/configurations ; Due to these unique properties, it have use in wide application of ceramic processing for industrial manufacturing, fabrication of electronic circuit such as marking, serializing, engraving, cutting, micro-structuring because laser only produces localized heating, without any contact and thermal stress on the any part during processing. So there is no risk of fracturing that occurs during mechanical sawing and also reduce Cost of processing. The discussion in this paper highlight the application of laser in ceramics processing.

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McClung, R. W., and D. R. Johnson. "On-Line NDE for Control and Modeling of Ceramic Processing." MRS Bulletin 13, no. 4 (April 1988): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400065878.

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The high-temperature structural properties of ceramics make them unique candidates for application in such systems as advanced gas turbines and other heat engines. Of concern, however, is the variability in fast fracture strength of structural ceramics which is due, in part, to the sensitivity of ceramics to very small (e.g., 20–50 μm) critical flaws and the difficulty in detecting and characterizing this type of flaw by nondestructive examination (NDE) techniques.The flaw sensitivity of ceramics and the typically wide variation in flaw sizes result in the situation illustrated in Figure 1, which is a frequency distribution of fast fracture strengths for a hypothetical structural ceramic with characteristic strength of 350 MPa and Weibull modulus of 5. The strength requirement, 250 MPa, for a particular application is shown. In this illustration, a significant fraction of the population of ceramic parts, 17%, has a strength below the 250 MPa requirement.The situation illustrated in Figure 1 is typical of structural ceramics today: although in many cases the average properties of a specific ceramic may be suitable for the intended use, a significant fraction of the parts made of that material will be unsuitable. The unacceptable parts are, of course, very difficult to distinguish from the rest of the population.

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Dursun, Sinan, and Cihangir Duran. "Processing and electrical properties of Pb0.6Ba0.4Nb2O6 ceramics." Journal of Materials Research 25, no. 11 (November 2010): 2143–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2010.0284.

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Lead barium niobate (PBN or PbxBa1–xNb2O6) is a promising tungsten bronze ceramic system that has a morphotropic phase boundary between the orthorhombic and tetragonal phases at x ≈ 0.63, where the spontaneous polarization (Ps ≈ 60–70 μC/cm2) and other ferroelectric properties are known to be higher. However, even textured PBN60 ceramics have low Ps (∼23.9 μC/cm2) and piezoelectric charge coefficient (d33 ≈ 236 pC/N) as compared to the single crystal counterparts. The aim of this study is to control powder processing, green body formation, and sintering conditions to enhance both densification and electrical properties. Therefore, samples were prepared by tape casting methods using single phase PBN60 and reactive mixture of PbNb2O6 and BaNb2O6 powders. Three wt% excess PbO was found to be necessary for densification. Our results showed that undoped PBN60 ceramics reached Ps = 33 μC/cm2, d33 = 305 pC/N, and had a Tc = 340–350 °C. These results are much higher than the reported values in the literature, which can be attributed to the careful ceramic processing such as tape casting (e.g., homogenous green structure), annealing (e.g., control of excess grain boundary phase), and liquid phase sintering (e.g., higher densification).

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Hampshire, Stuart. "Silicon Nitride Ceramics." Materials Science Forum 606 (October 2008): 27–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.606.27.

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Silicon nitride is one of the major structural ceramics that has been developed following many years of intensive research. It possesses high flexural strength, high fracture resistance, good creep resistance, high hardness and excellent wear resistance. These properties arise from the processing of the ceramic by liquid phase sintering and the development of microstructures in which high aspect ratio grains and intergranular glass phase lead to excellent fracture toughness and high strength. The glass phase softens at high temperature and controls the creep rate of the ceramic. The purpose of this review is to examine the development of silicon nitride and the related sialons and their processing into a range of high-grade structural ceramic materials. The development of knowledge of microstructure–property relationships in silicon nitride materials is outlined, particularly recent advances in understanding the effects of grain boundary chemistry and structure on mechanical properties. This review should be of interest to scientists and engineers concerned with the processing and use of ceramics for structural engineering applications.

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Szafran, Mikolaj, and Gabriel Rokicki. "New Polymeric Binders in Ceramic Processing." Advances in Science and Technology 45 (October 2006): 453–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.45.453.

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The results of studies on the application of new water-dispersible binders such as poly(acrylic-styrene), poly(acrylic-allyl ether) for die and isostatic pressing and tape casting of Al2O3 ceramics are presented. The properties of these acrylic polymers were modified by insertion of selected amphiphilic macromonomers into the polymer chains. These amphiphilic macromonomers, due to the proper ratio of the hydrophilic to hydrophobic fragments, play the role of not only an internal plasticizer, but they also modify the adhesion of such binders to the ceramic powder particles. The influence of chemical structure of these copolymers on the properties of alumina ceramics is discussed. The investigations on properties of alumina ceramics obtained by gelcasting method using new water soluble acrylic monomers containing hydroxyl groups in their chemical structure as well as by direct coagulation casting method using polymeric flocculants are also presented and discussed.

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Zhao, Dong Lin, Lei Zhang, and Zeng Min Shen. "Processing and Characterization of Nano Silicon Carbide Ceramics via Precursor Pyrolysis." Key Engineering Materials 434-435 (March 2010): 162–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.434-435.162.

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Nano silicon carbide ceramics were prepared via precursor pyrolysis. Polycarbosilane (PCS) and divinylbenzene (DVB) were selected as a precursor to silicon carbide ceramics and a cross-linking reagent for PCS, respectively. The cross-linking properties and pyrolysis of PCS and DVB were investigated by changing the mass ratios of PCS/DVB. The mass ratio of PCS/DVB has a great effect on silicon carbide ceramic yield. The cured PCS/DVB with a mass ratio of 1:0.5 has the highest SiC ceramic yield (63.1%) at the temperature up to 1500 °C and its pyrolyzates consiste of nano silicon carbide with a diameter of 10-40 nm. The microstructures of the nano silicon carbide ceramics were characterized by SEM and XRD. The pyrolysis behavior of the cured PCS/DVB was characterized by thermogravimetry in nitrogen atmosphere.

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Saleiro, G. T., and J. N. F. Holanda. "Processing of red ceramic using a fast-firing cycle." Cerâmica 58, no. 347 (September 2012): 393–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0366-69132012000300018.

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This work reports on the processing of red ceramic for civil construction using fast-firing cycles. The firing cycle is an important variable in the processing of red ceramic materials, which contributes to a high consumption of energy. The red ceramic pieces were prepared by industrial extrusion and fired at firing temperatures varying from 700 ºC to 1100 ºC using different firing cycles (slow-firing cycle - 1º C/min and fast-firing cycle - 10 ºC/min and 20 °C/min). The technological properties (linear shrinkage, water absorption, apparent porosity, apparent density, and flexural strength) as function of the firing temperature and firing cycle are investigated. The development of the microstructure was followed by SEM/SEI. The results showed that fast-firing red ceramics exhibits technological properties and microstructure comparable to conventionally fired red ceramics, resulting in great advantages in energy saving.

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Stochero, Naiane Paiva, Elisângela Guzi de Moraes, and Antonio Pedro Novaes de Oliveira. "Cellular Ceramics Produced from Ceramic Shell: Processing and Characterization." Materials Research 20, suppl 2 (November 9, 2017): 549–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1980-5373-mr-2016-1093.

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Bill, Joachim. "Bio-Inspired Processing of Ceramic Materials." Advances in Science and Technology 45 (October 2006): 643–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.45.643.

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Ceramic processing without firing, sintering and expensive equipment represents a growing research field within materials science. With respect to the search of new synthesis pathways living nature provides paradigms for procedures that occur at ambient conditions and by apparently simple means. In this connection, biomineralization yields highly complex organic/inorganic structures, e. g. within nacre or bones. In general, the formation of these biominerals involves organic molecules that act as templates during the mineralization of inorganic phases. Bio-inspired ceramic synthesis aims to imitate such principles by technical means. Accordingly, these routes consider the template-induced formation and the structural design of ceramics from solutions of suitable metal salts. This paper describes such routes by means of the preparation of ceramics like titania, vanadia, and zinc oxide. The influence of (bio)organic molecules (e. g. polyelectrolytes, self-assembled monolayers, amino acids, peptides and proteins) on the micro- and nanostructure formation and on the evolution of the morphology of these solids will be discussed. Furthermore, mechanical as well as functional properties of the obtained architectures are treated.

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Eagan, Robert J. "Ceramics." MRS Bulletin 12, no. 7 (November 1987): 25–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400066902.

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Until the 1980s, most people thought of ceramics as artware and artifacts. The recent development of advanced ceramics for high performance thermal insulation (space shuttle tiles), high temperature structures (heat engines), and electronics (superconductors) has dramatically changed perceptions about the utility of ceramics.High technology ceramics are related to “traditional” ceramics only to the extent that they are inorganic, nonmetallic materials. Traditional ceramics are derived from minerals. For example, dinnerware and bricks consist mostly of clay, while sand is the major ingredient in flat glass and containers. Abundant raw materials, simple processing, adequate performance at low cost, and technological evolution have kept these industries viable for several thousand years.But, for demanding electronic or structural applications, synthesizing ceramics from minerals is often unacceptable. The chemical variability of mineral deposits, the difficulty of obtaining a homogeneous mixture of powders, and the problems of consolidating the powders into a uniform ceramic with desirable grain morphology, chemistry and grain boundary phases have stimulated the development of chemically derived ceramic precursors.

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KITAGAWA, Akikazu. "Laser processing of ceramics." Journal of the Surface Finishing Society of Japan 40, no. 8 (1989): 885–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4139/sfj.40.885.

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Lloyd, Isabel K., Yuval Carmel, Otto C. Wilson Jr., and Geng Fu Xu. "Microwave Processing of Ceramics." Advances in Science and Technology 45 (October 2006): 857–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.45.857.

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Microwave (MW) processing is advantageous for processing ceramics with tailored microstructures. Its combination of volumetric heating, a wide range of controlled heating rates, atmosphere control and the ability to reach very high temperatures allows processing of 'difficult' materials like high thermal conductivity AlN and AlN composites and microstructure control in more readily sintered ceramics such as ZnO. MW sintering promotes development of thermal conductivity in AlN (225 W/mK) and its composites (up to 150W/mK inAlN-TiB2 and up to 129 W/mK in AlN-SiC when solid solution is avoided). In ZnO, heating rate controls sintered grain size. Increasing the heating rate from 5°C/min. to 4900°C decreases grain size from ~10 μm (comparable to conventional sintering of the same powder) to nearly the starting particle size (~ 1μm). Microstructural uniformity increases with sintering rate since ultra-rapid MW sintering minimizes the development of thermal gradients due to heat loss.

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Lewis, Jennifer A. "Colloidal Processing of Ceramics." Journal of the American Ceramic Society 83, no. 10 (December 20, 2004): 2341–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.2000.tb01560.x.

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Agrawal, Dinesh K. "Microwave processing of ceramics." Current Opinion in Solid State and Materials Science 3, no. 5 (October 1998): 480–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1359-0286(98)80011-9.

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ULRICH, DONALD R. "Chemical Processing of Ceramics." Chemical & Engineering News 68, no. 1 (January 1990): 28–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v068n001.p028.

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Gasik, Michael M., and Bao Sheng Zhang. "Modelling of Processing of FGM Bioimplants." Materials Science Forum 631-632 (October 2009): 217–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.631-632.217.

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Bioimplants composed of metal and ceramic parts are recently widely used in medicine. It was shown that properties of these implants might be substantially improved with functionally graded materials (FGM). In this work ceramics FGM are considered with emphasis on the optimal processing technique. For ceramic balls and liners of total hip replacement prosthesis optimal sintering procedure is very important irrespectively on the initially selected graded composition profile to get beneficial stresses distribution after sintering and assembling. Different examples are shown and influence of the sintering and gradient profile selection on final properties is discussed.

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Nowakowski, Andrzej, Tadeusz Krzywda, and Piotr Putyra. "EDM processing of sintered ceramic materials using the SPS method." Mechanik 91, no. 3 (March 5, 2018): 240–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17814/mechanik.2018.3.39.

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Presented are the analysis of physical and mechanical properties of the Al2O3, SiC and Si3N4 matrix ceramics with additives of good electrical conductivity phases and TiB2 matrix ceramics. The density, Young’s modulus, hardness HV1 and electrical conductivity of each material were investigated. Ceramic composite materials with the participation of the conductive phases have been produced using SPS (spark plasma sintering) method. Materials characterized by good electrical conductivity were shaped using EDM (electro discharge machining) method.

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Moreira, Alana Mirely Félix, Cicera Denise Pinheiro Bezerra Borges, Larissa Araújo Lopes Barreto, Manassés Tercio Vieira Grangeiro, and Viviane Maria Gonçalves De Figueiredo. "Coroas cerâmicas bi-layers: Uma revisão de literatura sobre tipos de cerâmicas, processamento cerâmico e tensão residual." Journal of Dentistry & Public Health 11, no. 1 (June 5, 2020): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.17267/2596-3368dentistry.v11i1.2880.

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INTRODUCTION: The usage of ceramic materials as a restoration strategy faces some problems, such as interferences between porcelain and zirconia, being the first one used as ceramic cover and the second one as infrastructure or coping. OBJECTIVE: review the literature on bi-layer ceramic crowns, through the types of ceramics, ceramic processing and residual stress.METHODOLOGY: Databases for this review were Bireme, Pubmed, Scielo and Virtual Libraries. Keywords were searched on Mesh. Inclusion criteria were Studies, Laboratorial and Clinical, Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis, papers and specific literature regarding the theme, in both English and Portuguese. Exclusion criteria were letter to the editor, clinical case and opinion piece, literatures that don’t face the theme and papers that analyze other odontological ceramics. Literature and papers were selected through summaries and abstracts. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: Residual tension in bi-layers ceramics crowns with zirconia infrastructure and porcelain cover occur due to a lot of factors such as coefficient of thermal expansion, cooling speed, processing, and thickness of ceramic cover.

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Li, Jing Feng, Hai Long Zhang, Kenta Takagi, and Ryuzo Watanabe. "Design, Processing and Evaluation of Graded Piezoelectric Ceramic Bending Actuators." Key Engineering Materials 280-283 (February 2007): 1857–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.280-283.1857.

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This paper introduces the development of two kinds of graded piezoceramic bending actuators. For designing the graded compositional profiles, classical lamination theory (CLT) is used to explore the optimal gradient that generates large electromechanical response. As the first model material, a laminated piezoceramic bimorph actuator was designed and fabricated with a graded compositional distribution of PZT and Pt, and its electric-induced bending characteristics were evaluated and compared with the analytical results by CLT. Furthermore, porosity-graded PZT ceramics were developed, which may be used as the preforms for the infiltration process to fabricate bending actuators with graded ceramic/metal and/or ceramic/polymer interfaces. The fabrication process and property evaluation of homogenously porous and porosity-graded PZT ceramics were introduced.

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Tang, Qing Guo, Li Juan Wang, Ji Yuan Li, and Xiu Hong Liang. "Mechanism and Performance Analysis of Easy-Cleaning Ceramics." Advanced Materials Research 178 (December 2010): 180–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.178.180.

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Developing easy cleaning and antibacterial ceramics is the key to actualize the ceramics with functionalized, high-quality and band established in china. This paper which combined with research status from home and broad analysed the performance influence of ceramic glaze with different processing methods and discussed the way and methods which can improve the quality of ceramics.

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Gorman, Jim, and Joel Parry. "The Opportunity of Modern High-Toughness Technical Ceramics for Undersea Systems." Marine Technology Society Journal 55, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 50–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.55.1.3.

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AbstractA confluence of recent developments in the formulation and processing of technical ceramics enables an important opportunity for submersible designers, namely, the reliable use of ceramics having density of near 3 g/cm3, compression strength of >4 GPa, tensile strength of >690 MPa, and fracture toughness (KIc) of 8‐10 MPa-m1/2. Concurrent developments in high-strength brazing of ferrous and nickel-based metals to these tough ceramics enables the integration of pressure envelopes with removable endcaps or ports, as well as optimum stiffener configurations and other internal or external design features. The specific opportunity presented by this confluence of tough ceramics and brazed metallic fittings is the possibility of full-ocean-depth (>6,000 m) dry submersible structures with weight/displacement (W/D) ratio < 0.7, as compared to W/D > 1.0 for metallic structures. Self-buoyant dry hull structures at these depths will greatly expand submersible design options, minimizing the need for full-ocean-depth syntactic foams to float key functionalities. The processing of these ceramics requires a cold isostatic press (CIP) or slip cast “green forming” step, plus sintering to near full density, followed by hot isostatic press (HIP) to final density. Present HIP facilities can support processing of 81-cm diameter × 190-cm-long ceramic vessels and brazing of ceramic/metal assemblies to ~163-cm diameter × 254-cm-long in the United States. If larger ceramic pressure hull components are desired, a “tiled” ceramic structure can be assembled and brazed or bonded together with thin metallic skins in a sandwich structure.

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Green, David J., and P. Colombo. "Cellular Ceramics: Intriguing Structures, Novel Properties, and Innovative Applications." MRS Bulletin 28, no. 4 (April 2003): 296–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2003.84.

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AbstractCellular ceramics are a class of high-porosity materials that are used or are being considered for a wide range of technological applications. A critical aspect of this development is the materials science approach required to understand the relationships between the properties of these materials and their structure. Of particular interest are the parameters that control mechanical reliability, as ceramic materials are usually brittle. In addition, it is critical to understand the way in which processing methods can influence the cellular structure. This article emphasizes one particular group of cellular ceramics known as ceramic foams. Understanding these materials involves various interdisciplinary scientific challenges in characterizing structure, developing micromechanical models, experimentally measuring properties, developing new processing approaches, and optimizing performance.

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Hirvonen, Ari T., Yoo Yamamoto, Tohru Sekino, Roman Nowak, and Koichi Niihara. "Fabrication and Characterization of Zirconia-Based New Ceramic Composites for Thermal Barrier Coatings." Key Engineering Materials 317-318 (August 2006): 597–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.317-318.597.

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Ceramic nanocomposites became nowadays an important ingredient of many structural and electronic ceramics, as well as ceramic coatings. The same applies to chemically processed and environmental related ceramics. The performance and characteristics of ceramic components are considerably influenced by the characteristics of precursor powder. The outstanding properties possessed by advanced nanoceramics are achieved through exceptional composition and microstructure that require very careful control throughout the successive stages of the applied processing.

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Pocuca-Nesic, Milica, Zorica Marinkovic-Stanojevic, Patricia Cotic-Smole, Aleksandra Dapcevic, Nikola Tasic, Goran Brankovic, and Zorica Brankovic. "Processing and properties of pure antiferromagnetic h-YMnO3." Processing and Application of Ceramics 13, no. 4 (2019): 427–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pac1904427p.

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Yttrium manganite (YMnO3) is widely investigated multiferroic material with potential use in many technological applications. In this paper, we report on the preparation and characterization of multiferroic hexagonal YMnO3 ceramics obtained by chemical synthesis route. Precursor powders were prepared by the polymerizable complex method from citrate precursors. After calcination at 900?C the powders contained mixture of Y-Mn-O phases which were further sintered at different temperatures. XRD analysis revealed that sintering at 1400?C resulted in the formation of pure hexagonal YMnO3. Density of the obtained ceramics was 96%TD. The ceramic samples proved to have multiferroic properties - they are antiferromagnetic below 42K with linear dependence of magnetization as a function of applied magnetic field. The ferroelectric measurements performed at room temperature showed remanent polarization of 0.21 ?C/cm2 and the coercive field of 6.0 kV/cm for the YMnO3 sample sintered at 1400?C. The magnetization curves measured at 2 and 5 K for the powder samples calcined at 900?C and ceramic samples sintered at 1300?C exhibited a hysteresis loop due to a small concentration of Mn3O4 in the samples.

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Hastenreiter, L. G., J. C. Santos, S. P. Taguchi, L. A. Borges Jr., Gabrielly Sandrine de Oliveira, and F. W. P. Sofiati. "Study of Ceramic Coating Processing Using Dimension Stones Wastes in the Composition of the Glaze." Materials Science Forum 899 (July 2017): 406–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.899.406.

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The objective of this work was to produce red ceramic glazed with dimension stone waste. The clay and residue were characterized for crystalline phases (XRD), chemical analysis (XRF) and particle size. Additives were added to the residue in order to reduce the melting point of 1280 oC to 980 °C, because 1100 °C is the temperature typically used in industrial sintering of coating ceramics. It was studied different compositions of glaze and analyzed its viscosity. The engobe and the glaze were applied on the red ceramic, previously pressed with 100x100x5 mm3 size, and sintered at 1100 oC for 1 h, in order to obtain the ceramic coating. These ceramics were analyzed for abrasion resistance, water absorption and chemical attack, according to NBR 13.818/1997, being classified as PEI 1, indicate for use in residential bathrooms and bedrooms without doors outwards, showing the potential use of dimension stone waste for flooring ceramics, mitigating environmental impacts in mineral industry.

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Wang, Mei Li, Jian Zhong Li, Zu Yuan Yu, and Xue Li. "Micro-Drilling of Pre-Sintered Alumina Ceramic." Advanced Materials Research 1120-1121 (July 2015): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1120-1121.27.

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Ceramic materials are widely used in industries because of their excellent properties such as high hardness, strength, resistance to heat and corrosion. The high strength of sintered ceramics posts the difficulty to be processed into the desired shapes and dimensions. Direct processing of ceramic green body is easy to cause edge damage due to the lower strength, leading to low surface accuracy. When the green body of ceramics is pre-sintered, the mechanical strength of green body is enhanced and the machining accuracy is improved. In this paper, micro holes are drilled in ceramics sheets pre-sintered at different temperatures. The influence of processing parameters is analyzed. It was found that the tool has the longest life when the pre-sintering temperature of ceramic green body was 800°C. The quality of the inlet and outlet of micro holes was improved significantly when the coolant was used in machining.

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Xiao, Zhuohao, Chuanhu Wang, Lie Liu, Zhihong Yang, and Ling Bing Kong. "Rapid processing of ferrite ceramics with promising magneto-dielectric characteristics." Journal of Advanced Dielectrics 07, no. 06 (December 2017): 1750040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010135x17500400.

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Ferrite ceramics, Ni[Formula: see text]Zn[Formula: see text]Co[Formula: see text]Fe[Formula: see text]O4, with the addition of 4[Formula: see text]wt.% Bi2O3 as sintering aid, were fabricated by using a simple one-step processing without involving the step of calcination. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results indicated that single phase ferrite ceramics can be achieved after sintering at 1000[Formula: see text]C for 2[Formula: see text]h. The samples demonstrated relative densities in the range of 97–99%. Desired magneto-dielectric properties have been approached by adjusting the sintering temperature and sintering time duration. This technique is believed to be applicable to other ceramic materials.

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Ribeiro, Christiane, W. I. Rojas-Cabrera, M. Marques, José Carlos Bressiani, and Ana Helena A. Bressiani. "In Vitro Characterization of Porous Ceramic Based Calcium Phosphate Processing with Albumin." Key Engineering Materials 396-398 (October 2008): 27–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.396-398.27.

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In recent years, the processing of porous ceramic materials for implant applications has motivated the development and optimization of new technologies. To this purpose, a globular protein based (i.e. ovalbumin) consolidation approach has been proposed. In the present study, a porous hydroxyapatite:b-tricalcium phosphate - biphasic ceramics (BCP), was processed by consolidation using the protein-action technique. The processed ceramic materials exhibited appropriate pore configuration in terms of size, morphology and distribution. The in vitro reactivity and dissolution behavior of the ceramics was evaluated in SBF and biocompatibility in an osteoblasts culture, respectively. Overall, the materials tested showed biocompatibility and suitable properties for osteoconduction. A rough surface pattern displayed by the ceramics seemed to have improved both; cell adhesion and proliferation processes. In conclusion, this study revealed that the porous matrices obtained, promoted suitable development of cell metabolism without cellular death.

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Zhang, Yao, Mineyuki Inoue, Nozomu Uchida, and Keizo Uematsu. "Characterization of processing pores and their relevance to the strength in alumina ceramics." Journal of Materials Research 14, no. 8 (August 1999): 3370–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1999.0456.

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Characterization of bulk defects was successfully accomplished in alumina with a transmission optical microscope. The characterization technique used is based on the fact that many ceramics are essentially transparent. Most defects in this particular ceramic were found to be pore. Their size distribution was found to follow a simple power function. With these characteristics of defects, the strength distribution of the ceramics was calculated with Baratta's model and compared to the measured strength of the ceramics. A good agreement was found between them when the pore was assumed to be accompanied with cracks 4 times the length of the grain size.

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de Oliveira, Déborah Caroline, Patrícia Neves Mendes, Lucas Marcello Godinho, Sylma Carvalho Maestrelli, and Ana Gabriela Storion. "Experimental Statistics Applied to Porous Ceramics Processing." Materials Science Forum 912 (January 2018): 230–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.912.230.

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Statistical techniques are particularly useful in the engineering, objecting the optimization of fabrication processes. This paper had the purpose of evaluating if the variables such as mechanical resistance, linear shrinkage, apparent porosity, density and water absorption are influenced by the amount of peat added to refractory clay, to ensure the porosity on the production of porous ceramics used as ceramic filters. In order to treat the data it was used the technique of variance analysis, with the regression analysis and the Scott-Knott test. According to the variance analysis, there were some differences between the treatments for all properties analyzed and, by the regression analysis, optimum peat levels were found for all properties analyzed, for some properties these levels were considered inadequate for being superior to the limit stablished.

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Srivastava, Aaditya Ranjan, Shrish Bajpai, and Sushant Khare. "Current Scenario of Ceramic Engineering Education in India." Comparative Professional Pedagogy 8, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 84–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rpp-2018-0011.

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AbstractHistorical overview of ceramic development has been provided in the paper. It has been stated that the trail of ceramics has been rooted in Indus valley civilization. Advancement of materials leads to afflux of development in the fields of science and technology. Present paper deals with the realm of Ceramic Engineering, mainly focuses on education and jobs in the respected fields in India. This paper also holds the framework and research work in Ceramic Engineering in India. It has been defined that the whole processing of ceramics is done in the laboratories, like refractories, ceramics white wares, fuel furnace and pyrometry etc. There are a number of jobs which are offered by government sector as well as private sector. It has been determined that ceramic engineers are able to get job opportunities in aerospace, automotive industry, building material manufacturing, chemical industries, electronics, food processing, mining, medicine and refinery sectors in India. Curricula, undergraduate and postgraduate programs in Ceramics Engineering have been characterized. The peculiarities of dual degree education in Ceramics Engineering have been described. It has been stated that there are several initiatives taken by the government for the enhancement of skills and knowledge in Ceramics Engineering, which have been discussed in the extant paper. It has been defined that a new advancement in Ceramics Engineering is the initiative for enhancement of the knowledge through video lectures, offered by a couple of institutes. The prospects of ceramics application have been analyzed. It has been stated that the momentousness of ceramics are protruding diurnally just like in sculptures designing, pottery, building constructions, sanitary & textile etc. Not only the designing field of ceramics but its use in electronics field has been covered. It has been concluded that ceramic has a great potential to give solutions to the heat absorption between the walls or contacting surfaces. Earthenware was the heretofore product of ceramics. It has been proved that the future scope of ceramic is enormous. It has also been stressed that nowadays Ceramic Engineering is one of the emerging fields in engineering education, but a very prospective one.

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Tekeli, Süleyman, and Metin Gürü. "The Factors Affecting Colloidal Processing of 8YSCZ Ceramics." Key Engineering Materials 280-283 (February 2007): 729–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.280-283.729.

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To achieve improvements in the mechanical properties, fine grain size, homogeneous microstructure and high density are desirable. The poor dispersion of the powders produce difficulties in the densification and the presence of agglomerates is responsible for poor mechanical properties. Slurry casting is an important colloidal processing method for the ceramic industry and helps to prevent the agglomeration of fine particles. In the present study, the effect of processing parameters, namely solid content, dispersing agent concentration, slurry viscosity and milling time on slurry casting of 8YSCZ ceramics were investigated and optimum values were determined. The results showed that ceramic powder used was castable under limited conditions. The effect of shaping processon sintering behaviour and microstructure was also investigated for slurry-cast and die-pressed specimens. The results showed that specimen processed by slurry-casting had a faster sintering rate and lower sintering temperatures, compared to die-pressed specimen. The reason for better sintering was due to the homogeneous dispersion of the powder and elimination of agglomerates in slurry-cast specimen.

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Dai, Chun Lei, Jin Long Yang, and Yong Huang. "Pretreatment Processing of Gelcast Green Body before Debinding." Materials Science Forum 475-479 (January 2005): 1321–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.475-479.1321.

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Gelcasting is a novel ceramic forming technology that could be used to manufacture high-performance ceramics with complex shape. However, there are some problems in debinding of large-size green body made by gelcasting. In this paper, a new pretreatment way before binder burn-out was introduced. By means of this pretreatment processing, large-size green bodies with no defects were successfully obtained.

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Dorey, R. A., S. Rocks, F. Dauchy, and A. Navarro. "New Advances in Forming Functional Ceramics for Micro Devices." Advances in Science and Technology 45 (October 2006): 2440–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.45.2440.

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Micro electromechanical systems (MEMS) are finding uses in an increasing number of diverse applications. Currently the fabrication techniques used to produce such MEMS devices are primarily based on 2-D processing of thin films. The challenges faced by producing more complex structures (e.g. high aspect ratio, spans, and multi-material structures) require the development of new processing techniques. Potential solutions to these challenges based on low temperature processing of functional ceramics, selective chemical patterning, and micro-moulding are presented to show that it is possible to create complex functional ceramic structures which incorporate non-ceramic conducting and support structures. The capabilities of both techniques are compared and the relative advantages of each explored.

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Wang, Chih Ming, Kuo Sheng Kao, Shih Yuan Lin, Ying Chung Chen, and Shang Chih Weng. "Effects of Processing Conditions on the Dielectric Properties of CaCu₃Ti₄O₁₂ Ceramics." Key Engineering Materials 336-338 (April 2007): 210–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.336-338.210.

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In this present work, we adopt conventional solid state reaction techniques to obtain CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCTO) ceramics and the dielectric properties of polycrystalline CCTO samples sintered in the temperature range 900 − 1100°C were investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns show no obvious change in crystal phase with various sintering temperature. However, experimental results show that the dielectric properties of CCTO ceramics are very sensitive to processing parameters and the dependence of dielectric constant and loss tangent of CCTO ceramic on processing can be obtained. The effect of sintering conditions on the surface microstructures and the electrical properties of CCTO ceramics are also discussed in this study.

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Hirschfeld, D. A., T. K. Li, and D. M. Liu. "Processing of Porous Oxide Ceramics." Key Engineering Materials 115 (September 1995): 65–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.115.65.

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Shen, Zhi Jian, and Mats Nygren. "Non-Equilibrium Processing of Ceramics." Key Engineering Materials 247 (August 2003): 79–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.247.79.

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Ertörer, Osman, E. Fakıoglu, I. Sirer, Ç. Öncel, and Mehmet Ali Gülgün. "Microwave Assisted Processing of Ceramics." Key Engineering Materials 264-268 (May 2004): 765–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.264-268.765.

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Nedyalkov, N., T. Dilova, A. Dikovska, Ru Nikov, Ro Nikov, M. Koleva, N. Stankova, Al Daskalova, and L. Angelova. "Laser processing of nitride ceramics." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2240, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 012044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2240/1/012044.

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Abstract In this work, the surface modifications are studied of aluminium nitride (AlN) and silicon nitride (Si3N4) ceramics irradiated by nanosecond laser pulses. The laser processing is performed by a Nd:YAG laser system at four wavelengths - 266 nm, 355 nm, 532 nm, and 1064 nm. It is found that the average ablation rate per pulse is in the order of few hundreds of nanometers, as the laser treatment leads to the appearance of a variety of micro- and nanostructures on the surface of the material. In the case of AlN, a conductive layer is formed on the surface whose resistance can be modified by varying the processing conditions. Using a model based on the heat-conduction equation, the temperature evolution, ablation depth and temporal dynamics of the ablation process are followed.

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Rambo, Carlos Renato, Eliandra de Sousa, Antônio Pedro Novaes de Oliveira, Dachamir Hotza, and Peter Greil. "Processing of Cellular Glass Ceramics." Journal of the American Ceramic Society 89, no. 11 (November 2006): 3373–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-2916.2006.01247.x.

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Evans, J. R. G., and J. Greener. "Elongational flow processing of ceramics." Journal of Materials Processing Technology 96, no. 1-3 (November 1999): 143–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-0136(99)00325-8.

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Zum Gahr, K. H. "Ultrastructure processing of advanced ceramics." Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification 25, no. 1 (February 1989): 56–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0255-2701(89)85011-1.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Ceramics processing'

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