Journal articles on the topic 'Ceramics and Clay Materials'
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1
Sutakova, Elza, and Alexei Mestnikov. "Basics of recreation of ancient ceramics production technology." MATEC Web of Conferences 143 (2018): 02001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201814302001.
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The paper investigates possibility of ancient ceramics technology recreation based on materials of archaeological excavations and experimental simulation and describes results of the research. The structure and properties of ceramic samples found during archaeological excavations of the neolithic age and clay raw materials from different deposits were studied. The fragments under study were shown to consist mainly of light-melting clays, possessing polimineral composition with additives of fire clay, sand, loose sedimentary rock, and in some cases wool and vegetation. Clays under study are characterized by variability of chemical and mineral composition, by their combining it is possible to obtain optimal moulding compositions to produce ceramic products of artistic and architectural-structural purpose. Overview of scientific and technical information in archaeology and the obtained experimental results enable to reveal compositions and peculiarities of ancient technology of ceramics production and technical decoration application. Peculiar features of experimental simulation of the ancient ceramics technology considering chemical and mineral composition of clay raw materials are described.
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Michailidis, K., G. Trontzios, and E. Sofianska. "CHEMICAL AND MINERALOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF CLAYS FROM PELOPONNESE (S. GREECE) AND THEIR EVALUATION FOR UTILIZATION IN CERAMICS INDUSTRY." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 43, no. 5 (July 31, 2017): 2657. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.11673.
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Mineral constituents, particle size and chemistry of ceramic raw materials may control the way ceramic products are formed and fired. Three compound (combined mixtures of 20 raw samples) clay samples from Chanakia area, Pelloponnese (S. Greece), were mineralogically and chemically investigated and their utilization as raw materials for the ceramic industry was evaluated. These samples come from different clay formations, they have red, blue and green colors and constitute the raw materials for a local brick plant. Particle size distribution analysis showed that the percentage of clay size fraction (d<2μm) ranges from 28.3 to 36.3 wt.%. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that the main mineral constituents are quartz, micas, feldspars (plagioclases, orthoclase), calcite (except the red - clay) and clay minerals (discrete illite, mixed - layered illite/smectite, chlorite and traces of smectite and vermiculite). Projection of their bulk chemistry on some triangular discrimination diagrams has aided us to evaluate their suitability for ceramics production, namely majiolica (earthenware), cottoforte, gres and bricks were evaluated. In conclusion, all the studied materials are proved unsuitable for high quality ceramic products. Specifically, the blue and green clays were found suitable for earthenware ceramics as are high porosity building bricks, roofing tiles and similar products, while the red clay is appropriate for gres ceramics as are the low porosity tiles and bricks.
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Yasui, Kentaro, Koya Sasaki, Naoya Ikeda, and Hiroyuki Kinoshita. "Dye Adsorbent Materials Based on Porous Ceramics from Glass Fiber-Reinforced Plastic and Clay." Applied Sciences 9, no. 8 (April 16, 2019): 1574. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9081574.
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We investigated the use of waste glass fiber-reinforced plastic (GFRP) to remove dye from industrial wastewater. The dye adsorbent material, based on GFRP/clay ceramics, was produced by mixing crushed GFRP with clay and firing the resulting mixture. Several types of ceramics were produced by adjusting the mixing ratio of clay, crushed 40% GF/GFRP, and firing atmosphere. Adsorption tests with methylene blue (MB) dye were performed by mixing the ceramics into an MB solution while controlling the stirring speed and measuring the decrease in MB dye concentration over time. These results showed that GFRP/clay ceramics reductively fired at 1073 K had a higher MB dye adsorption ability than that of the clay ceramic. The MB dye absorptivity of the reductively fired ceramics increased as we increased the mixing ratio of GFRP. We attribute this result to the high plastic carbide content in the ceramic, which has excellent dye absorbability. Furthermore, these particles had a comparatively high specific surface area and porosity.
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Subedi, Mitra Mani. "Ceramics and its Importance." Himalayan Physics 4 (December 23, 2013): 80–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hj.v4i0.9433.
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The term "ceramic" once referred only to clay-based materials. However, new generations of ceramic materials have tremendously expanded the scope and number of possible applications. Many of these new materials have a major impact on our daily lives and on our society. Ceramics has advanced far beyond its beginnings in clay pottery. Ceramic tiles cover the space shuttle as well as our kitchen floors. Ceramic electronic devices make possible high-tech instruments for everything from medicine to entertainment. Clearly, ceramics are our window to the future.The Himalayan Physics Vol. 4, No. 4, 2013 Page: 80-82 Uploaded date: 12/23/2013
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Schiraldi, David A., Matthew D. Gawryla, and Saeed Alhassan. "Clay Aerogel Composite Materials." Advances in Science and Technology 63 (October 2010): 147–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.63.147.
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A simple, inexpensive, and environmentally-friendly process for converting mixtures of clays and polymers has been developed. Polymer and clay are combined in water, and the mixtures are freeze dried to produce materials which have bulk densities typically in the range of 0.03 – 0.15 g/cm3. These low density polymer/clay aerogel materials possess good mechanical properties similar to those of traditional polymer foams, can be reinforced with fibers, modified with nanoparticles, biomineralized, or converted into porous ceramics.
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Korjakins, Aleksandrs, Liga Radina, and Diana Bajare. "Fabrication of porous ceramics as clay/glass composite." Environment. Technology. Resources. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 1 (June 16, 2015): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2015vol1.201.
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<p>Nowadays porous ceramics are widely researched, becoming an increasingly marketable material in the world, mainly due to the wide possibilities of usage in different technical and technology industries. Porous ceramics are successfully used in the filtration and has a high potential of usage also in the production of heat insulation materials thus obtaining the material which combine high resistance that can compete with other heat insulation and constructive materials.</p><p class="R-AbstractKeywords">Article reports a study of porous ceramics, which are produced using foamglass pellets as melting fillers, despite the fact that these additives are not frequently used as filler in traditional ceramic materials. The basis of this method is mixing fire resistant material with hard and melting substance.</p><p class="R-AbstractKeywords">For the production of porous ceramics clay, hard filler, water and various sized foamglass pellets were used, thus allowing to determine optimal size of melting filler and thereby ensuring the necessary physical and mechanical properties of the obtained porous ceramic samples and required amount, size and division of pores. Compressive strength tests were performed, as well as density and water absorption of the samples was determined.</p><p class="R-AbstractKeywords">Obtained results of the study shows that ceramic materials, obtained within the research, have great potential of application for load-bearing constructions as constructive building materials, as well as insulation materials. Production of porous ceramics materials, where foamglass pellets are used as melting filler, allows to produce more effective ceramics, creating high added value for the final product. </p>
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Sapozhnikova, M. A., and Irina A. Pavlova. "Kurgan Clays in the Production of Ceramic Materials." Solid State Phenomena 299 (January 2020): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.299.3.
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The properties of overburden rocks in the extraction of dolomite in the form of red-burning clay from the Kurgan region are investigated to determine its suitability in the production of various types of ceramic materials and products. A full technological study of the clay raw material sample was carried out: the mineral, chemical, particle size composition, as well as plasticity, drying behavior, attitude to sintering, and mechanical strength after burning. It is examined how rheological characteristics affect the control of the technological process. The suitability of clay under consideration, both in majolica ceramics and ceramic bricks production, has been established. The technological parameters for the ceramic bricks production are developed.
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Kinoshita, Hiroyuki, Kentaro Yasui, Taichi Hamasuna, Toshifumi Yuji, Naoaki Misawa, Tomohiro Haraguchi, Koya Sasaki, and Narong Mungkung. "Porous Ceramics Adsorbents Based on Glass Fiber-Reinforced Plastics for NOx and SOx Removal." Polymers 14, no. 1 (December 31, 2021): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14010164.
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To reuse waste glass fiber-reinforced plastics (GFRPs), porous ceramics (i.e., GFRP/clay ceramics) were produced by mixing crushed GFRP with clay followed by firing the resulting mixture under different conditions. The possibility of using ceramics fired under a reducing atmosphere as adsorbent materials to remove NOx and SOx from combustion gases of fossil fuels was investigated because of the high porosity, specific surface area, and contents of glass fibers and plastic carbides of the ceramics. NO2 and SO2 adsorption tests were conducted on several types of GFRP/clay ceramic samples, and the gas concentration reduction rates were compared to those of a clay ceramic and a volcanic pumice with high NO2 adsorption. In addition, to clarify the primary factor affecting gas adsorption, adsorption tests were conducted on the glass fibers in the GFRP and GFRP carbides. The reductively fired GFRP/clay ceramics exhibited high adsorption performance for both NO2 and SO2. The primary factor affecting the NO2 adsorption of the ceramics was the plastic carbide content in the clay structure, while that affecting the SO2 adsorption of the ceramics was the glass fiber content.
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Correia, Sivaldo Leite, K. A. S. Curto, Dachamir Hotza, and Ana M. Segadães. "Clays from Southern Brazil: Physical, Chemical and Mineralogical Characterization." Materials Science Forum 498-499 (November 2005): 447–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.498-499.447.
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Fore knowledge of the characteristics of ceramic raw materials is of utmost importance during the development, processing and production stages of any ceramic product. This work describes the characterization of clays commonly used in the ceramics industry. Two different clays were selected: clay A, from Tubarão-SC and clay B, from Porto Alegre-RS. Their chemical composition was obtained by X-ray fluorescence and their mineralogy by X-ray diffraction, coupled with numerical rational analysis. Their thermal behaviour was studied by differential thermal analysis and thermogravimetry. Their particle size distribution and plasticity were also determined. Clay A showed circa 47.5 % quartz (by weight), 40.2 % kaolinite and 9.9 % muscovite mica. Clay B showed a high kaolinite content (circa 72 wt.%), accompanied by montmorillonite (circa 10 %) and potash feldspar (circa 10 % microcline). Clay B was found to be much more plastic than clay A, and both are suitable for pottery, tiles and brick making.
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Švinka, Ruta, and Visvaldis Švinka. "Celtniecības keramika, keramzīts un keramiskie sorbenti." Materials Science and Applied Chemistry 35 (November 1, 2018): 30–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.7250/msac-2018-0002.
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Vēsturiski viena no silikātu tehnoloģijas katedras pamattēmām vienmēr ir bijusi celtniecības materiālu pētīšana un jaunu materiālu izstrāde. Tie ir gan keramikas materiāli, gan materiāli uz neorganisko javu saistvielu bāzes. Ir analizētas un salīdzinātas šo materiālu īpašības: siltuma vadāmība, līdzsvara mitrums, mehāniskās īpašības. Salīdzinātas rūpnieciskos apstākļos un laboratorijā iegūtu dažādu Latvijas mālu keramikas materiālu īpašības un struktūra. Aprakstīta dažu rūpniecisko atkritumu ietekme uz keramikas materiālu īpašībām. Aprakstīta arī jauna keramikas materiāla keramzīta ražošanas tehnoloģija – vienas stadijas paņēmiens, kas ļauj paplašināt keramzīta ražošanai izmantojamo izejvielu bāzi un variēt keramzīta īpašības atkarībā no paredzamā pielietojuma. Pētīta dažādu Latvijas mālu noderība porainu keramisku sorbentu iegūšanai, par poru veidotājiem izmantojot organiskas dabas ražošanas atkritumus. Analizēta keramikas virsmas apstrāde, piemēram, apstarošana ar paātrinātajiem elektroniem un nanodaļiņu pārklājumi, keramikas granulu sorbcijas spējas palielināšanai un noderība fotokatalītiskai organisku piesārņotāju sadalīšanai.Building Ceramics, Expanded Clay, and Ceramic SorbentsInvestigation and development of new building materials historically was one of base research fields in the Institute of Silicate Materials. These are ceramic materials and materials based on inorganic binders. These materials have both advantages and disadvantages. Properties of these materials, such as thermal conductivity, equilibrium humidity and mechanical properties, are analysed and compared. Properties and structure of ceramic materials produced from Latvian clays in the laboratory and industrially were compared. Influence of addition of some industrial waste on the properties of ceramic materials was described. A new technology for obtaining expanded clay pellets was developed. It is a one-step technology that makes it possible to extend the basis of raw materials for production of expanded clay pellets and to produce pellets with different properties depending on the possible practical use. Usefulness of different Latvian clay for the production of porous ceramic sorbents was investigated. Organic industrial waste was added to function as pore former. A treatment of ceramic surface by irradiation with accelerated electrons or coating with nanoparticles was analysed. An increase of sorption activity of ceramic pellets or usefulness for the photocatalytic decomposition of organic pollution was the goal of the aforementioned treatment.Keywords – ceramics, expanded clay, equilibrium moisture, thermal insulation, ceramic granules, sorbents.
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Sedmale, Gaida M., I. Sperberga, A. Hmelov, U. Sedmalis, and A. Actins. "Phase Formation and Structure of Mullite-Alumina-Zirconia and Spinel-Enstatite Ceramics Developed from Synthetic and Mineral Raw Materials." Materials Science Forum 575-578 (April 2008): 953–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.575-578.953.
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New dense and porous ceramics are developed using two formulation approaches. These are ceramics with remarkable content of mullite, corundum and ZrO2 - tetragonal and monoclinic in crystalline phase and porous (average size of pores up to 150-350μm) spinel-enstatite/forsterite ceramics. To promote the phase development by high-temperature synthesis of these ceramics the mineral raw materials – illite clay and illite clay together with dolomite are used. Bulk density for mullite (corundum) – zirconia ceramics is increased by equal addition of illite clay (8.2 wt.%) as well as ZrO2 and especially ZrO2 +Y2O3 to starting mullite mixtures. Contrary the addition of different kind and amount of illite clay together with dolomite trends to formation of spinel – enstatite (forsterite) ceramics and decrease the bulk density to the value up to 0.35 g/cm3. The XRD results indicate that ZrO2 monoclinic/tetragonal incorporation in mullite (corundum) structure realizes through the liquid phase. Development of the spinel MgAl2O4 and enstatite MgSiO3 crystalline phases along with the sufficient amount of glassy phase in microstructure and even distributed pores are proper for spinel-enstatite (forsterite) ceramic samples.
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Gurieva, Victoria A., and Aleksandr V. Doroshin. "Building Ceramics Based on Carbonate-Containing Raw Materials." Solid State Phenomena 284 (October 2018): 910–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.284.910.
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The results of the production of wall ceramics based on the composition of low-melting argillaceous raw materials - loam and fuel slag in an amount of 10-30% by the method of semi-dry pressing are presented. Pre-baking and calcining properties of clay materials are investigated, the results of x-ray diffraction analysis and differential thermal analysis of the raw materials are given. The results obtained by the method of mathematical planning of the experiment made it possible to develop a model of ceramic bricks of the racial composition, to construct empirical dependencies in the system «technogenic product-technological factor-property» and to establish the influence of the addition of fuel slag on the basic physical and mechanical properties of wall ceramics: strength, density, water absorption , shrinkage. The results of studies of the modifying role of the container glass in the processes of pyrogenic synthesis of clay-slag masses and its effect on the preparation of a ceramic shard of a racial composition with the required properties are shown.
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Babisk, Michelle Pereira, Wagner Souza Ribeiro, Mariane Costalonga de Aguiar, Sergio Neves Monteiro, Carlos Maurício Fontes Vieira, and Francisco Wilson Hollanda Vidal. "Characterization of a Quartzite Residue and its Application in Red Clay Ceramics." Materials Science Forum 805 (September 2014): 541–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.805.541.
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The fabrication of conventional red clay ceramics products for civil construction, such as bricks and roofing tiles, normally uses other raw materials like sand, in addition to clay, as a way to condition the final ceramic properties. Quartzite residues, from ornamental stone processing in the northeast region of Brazil, could be used as possible conditioner material for clay body in a ceramic industry owing to its similar characteristics to common sand. In the present work, complementing a recent publication on the same materials, a quartzite residue was characterized and its potential as a red clay ceramic addition was evaluated for different composition up to 40 wt%. The results indicated economical advantages in association with some technical benefits.
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Subbota, Іrіna, Larysa Spasonova, and Аnastasia Sholom. "Increasing the strength of building ceramics made on the basis of low-melting clays." Technology audit and production reserves 5, no. 3(67) (October 31, 2022): 6–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/2706-5448.2022.266605.
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The object of the study is the physical and chemical processes of formation of the structure and properties, intensification of sintering of ceramic masses based on local raw materials (Krynichanska low-melting clay raw materials of the Kyiv region, Ukraine) by regulating the chemical and mineralogical composition and technological regimes. When choosing clay raw materials for specific ceramic technologies, it is necessary to be guided by a comprehensive assessment of the physicochemical properties of clay rock. These can be the granulometric and material composition, including the chemical and mineralogical composition of the clay and impurity components, the presence of amorphous material. The state of order in the structure of clay-forming minerals is also important, the knowledge of which makes it possible to determine the ways of regulating the basic technological properties of clay rock in order to bring them to the required level. Among physical and mechanical parameters, mechanical strength is one of the main criteria for determining the suitability of raw materials for the production of building ceramics. The conducted studies have shown that with an increase in the amount of rotten stone additive introduced from 10 to 20 % of low-melting clay, the mechanical strength of ceramic samples in compression and bending increases. The introduction of rotten stone additive provides an increase in the coefficient of sensitivity to drying low-melting clay raw materials, which has a positive effect on the crack resistance of raw bricks when drying clay rock in order to bring them to the required level. The use of silica materials in the composition of ceramic masses based on low-melting clays as an additive to improve the physical and mechanical characteristics of the finished product has shown its effectiveness. This can be explained by the fact that the nature of the interaction of silica additives, which was used as rotten stone, differs from the interaction of clay minerals present in ceramic raw materials with water. Since silica exists in rotten stone in the form of amorphous silica gel, it helps to improve the structure of clay, makes it monolithic, increasing mechanical strength. The impurities of low-melting oxides, which are part of the rotten stone, contribute to the formation of low-melting eutectic, reducing the refractoriness of amorphous silica and have a positive effect on the sintering process, forming a glass phase.
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Abubakar, Muazu, Ayyankalai Muthuraja, Dipen Kumar Rajak, Norhayati Ahmad, Catalin I. Pruncu, Luciano Lamberti, and Ashwini Kumar. "Influence of Firing Temperature on the Physical, Thermal and Microstructural Properties of Kankara Kaolin Clay: A Preliminary Investigation." Materials 13, no. 8 (April 16, 2020): 1872. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13081872.
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In this study, natural deposits of Kankara kaolin clay were collected and investigated in order to determine physical, microstructural, thermal, and firing properties and assess clay’s suitability as starting material for various ceramic applications. Chemical analysis of the clay was performed using XRF. Mineralogical analysis and thermal analysis of the clay were conducted using XRD and thermogravimetric thermal analysis (TGA)/differential thermal analysis (DTA), respectively. In order to assess its ceramic behavior, the clay was fired at 900–1200 °C. Maturation characteristics of fired ceramics were assessed by measuring bulk density, apparent porosity, and shrinkage. It was found that main oxides in the clay are alumina, silica, and potassium oxide, while other oxides are present in trace quantities. Kaolinite, quartz, and illite are the phases found from the XRD results, while mullite ceramic phase formed at firing temperature above 1100 °C. Maturation tests showed that ceramic properties such as bulk density and shrinkage increase with temperature, while apparent porosity decreases with temperature. The results presented in this study prove that the clay is an appropriate material for producing traditional ceramics.
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You, Hao, Hongjuan Sun, Tongjiang Peng, Xin Zhou, Li Chao, and Can Wang. "Effects of Illitic Clay on the Phases, Microstructure, Physical Properties and Pyroplastic Deformation of Industrial Slag Ceramics." Materials 16, no. 1 (December 27, 2022): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16010233.
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Preparing ceramic materials is a meaningful way to treat and utilize industrial slags. In this work, high-performance and low-deformation industrial slag ceramics were prepared from Ti-extraction blast furnace slag and illitic clay. The phase composition and contents, microstructure, physical properties, and pyroplastic deformation of ceramic samples were investigated. With the increasing proportion of illitic clay, the main crystalline phase of ceramic samples changed from akermanite to Fe-bearing diopside. Moreover, the minor crystalline phases changed from perovskite and spinel to anorthite and titanite. The proportion of illitic clay was linearly related to the amorphous phase content. The dense microstructure comprised concentrated short-columnar and granular grains with a few isolated pores, whereas plate-like grains destroyed their denseness. An appropriate proportion of illitic clay helped to improve the physical properties, increase the high-temperature viscosity and reduce the deformation of the ceramics. The optimal proportion of illitic clay was 30%, and the prepared ceramic sample had a dense microstructure and excellent physical properties. Its bulk density was 2.82 g/cm3, bending strength was 62.17 MPa, and water absorption was 0.21%.
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Tihomirovs, P., and A. Korjakins. "Recycled waste glass usage for construction materials." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2423, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 012002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2423/1/012002.
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Abstract Recycling glass waste obtained from different industries is an issue in today’s economy. One of the ways of recycling is to produce lightweight ceramic by applying glass waste, clay, and gasifier as raw materials. The present research has been devoted to the evaluation of the influences of different clays extracted from two Latvian quarries (Lielauce un Samini) on the properties of lightweight ceramics. The main criteria of applicated clay as raw materials for producing lightweight ceramic are the following: saturation of SiO2 should be a maximum of 70% and Al2O3 minimum of 12%. The aim of the present research was to elaborate a composition for producing glass ceramic from glass waste with minimum energy consumption with a gasifier. The most important properties of the final product are thermal conductivity, compression strength, volume density, size, granulometry, and pore distribution. Two parameters of them, compression strength and volume density have been tested and analysed in the present research framework. Burning time is one more important additional parameter, which has been considered evaluating the properties of the final product. The obtained volume density is in the range of 226.75 kg/m3 to 475.78 kg/m3 depending on the composition.
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Rundans, Maris, Gaida Sedmale, Ingunda Sperberga, and Ina Pundiene. "Development of Cordierite Ceramics from Natural Raw Materials." Advances in Science and Technology 89 (October 2014): 94–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.89.94.
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Cordierite ceramics are known for their low CTE and high compressive strength values which affords them place in fields where demanding thermal and mechanical properties are required. Development of such ceramics is greatly dependent on materials used. If raw materials are used formation of additional phases and pore/glass formation is expected. The purpose of this research is to examine the process of cordierite development from mixed compositions formed from precursors of the natural raw materials as illite clay, dolomite and quartz sand and synthetic additives – MgO, γ-Al2O3 and their influence on thermal and mechanical properties. It is verified that the addition of 10 wt.% of illite clay and about 20-21 wt.% dolomite in staring compositions at the sintering temperature of 1200 °C results in the development of dense ceramic material with perfect-shaped crystalline cordierite phase and secondary anorthite phase. Sintered cordierite ceramics have been tested, among other properties, for their compressive strength, coefficient of thermal expansion and modulus of elasticity after 20 cycles of thermal shock treatment.
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Teixeira, S. R., S. A. de Souza, and M. A. L. Nobre. "Physical and mechanical properties of ceramics from clays of the west of S. Paulo State, Brazil." Cerâmica 50, no. 315 (September 2004): 268–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0366-69132004000300015.
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Clays and ceramics of interest to the structural ceramic industry were characterized. Some physical properties of ceramic masses formulated from artificial deposits exploited by the local industry were also analyzed. All materials investigated exhibit high contents of fine components (< 2 mum) and significant plasticity that is compatible with the presence of a great amount of clay minerals. Ceramic probes were prepared by dry pressing and fired at around 855 °C. Flexural strength, linear shrinkage, water absorption, apparent color and weight loss were measured. In addition, the industrial applications of these raw materials were reviewed and newest potential uses proposed.
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Pavlova, Irina, Maria Sapozhnikova, and Elena Farafontova. "The Use of Overburden Clay in Ceramic Production." Solid State Phenomena 316 (April 2021): 1044–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.316.1044.
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How the degree of grinding of clays with carbonate inclusions in the form of dolomite affects the quality of ceramic products, is examined. It is shown that unusable clay with large dolomite inclusions can be used in ceramic production after grinding particles to a size of less than 0.5 mm. It has been established that fine grinding of clay can eliminate the formation of “blowing” defect, while the frost resistance of ceramics increases. Clay unsuitable in the ceramic production can be used after fine processing to produce facing building bricks with a compressive strength above 15 MPa and frost resistance of more than 50 cycles, ceramic roof tiles with frost resistance of more than 100 cycles, majolica and water-proof pottery products.
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Žurauskienė, Ramunė, Romualdas Mačiulaitis, and Fabijonas Petrikaitis. "USABILITY OF LITHUANIAN FUSIBLE CLAY FOR SINTERED CERAMICS/LIETUVOS TERITORIJOJE ESANČIŲ LENGVAI LYDŽIŲ MOLIŲ TINKAMUMAS STATYBINEI SUKEPUSIAJAI KERAMIKAI." JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 7, no. 3 (June 30, 2001): 191–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13921525.2001.10531723.
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Facade articles of ceramics being produced recently in Lithuania are hygroscopic and are not resistant to humid winters predominant in territory of our country. It is possible to prolong longevity of the exterior finishing of buildings by using sintered building ceramic which absorbs up to 5% moisture (LST 1458) and according to service frost resistance conforms to A.2. and A.3. categories of durability (LST 1428.19:1998). The clay available in Lithuania is fusible, sintering interval of the clay is quite narrow (≤ 60 °C). It is used for production of common and finishing bricks, blocks, roof tiles. Bricks of sintered ceramic and clinker are not produced in Lithuania. The aim of the work was to obtain sintered ceramics by using local raw materials together with not expensive imported additives. For the research clay of Ukmergė deposits was selected according to three-phase diagram of Vinkler [4] and Avgustinik's classification [5] of chemical functional composition (Fig 3) and clay from Rokai deposit having different granulometric composition. High-melting clays from Vesiolov's and Nikiforov's deposits in Ukraine were used in the work (Table 1). Feldspar and pearlite from Ukraine (Table 1) as flux additives were added into forming mass to achieve lower ceramic body formation temperature and to increase amount of melt mass. Non-plastic materials used in the work are: crushed brick and waste moulding sand from “Centrolitas” foundry, which includes 5,5–6% of quartz sand binded by liquid glass. Grading of the sand is presented in Table 3. Forming mixtures, composition of which is given in Table 4, were prepared. Maximum temperature for batching of samples is 1070 °C, the temperature corresponds with average sintering temperature of local clays; burning time is 40 hours with exposure of 7 hours to maximum backing temperature. The most sintered ceramic body was obtained in samples No 8–11 out of all moulding mixtures used in the work (Table 5). The samples had water absorption content of 2–3%. At frost resistance test (by one side freezing) samples No 2, 3, 7–11 was without any signs of break-up after 75 cycles. These samples correspond to category A.2. of longevity (according to LST 1428.19:1998). The samples No 8–11 are being tested by volume freezing thawing achieved 180 cycles without any break-up (No 9—260 cycles) and they are still under the test. The samples has the highest amount of reserved pores (55–73%), compression strength is 17–28 MPa, bending strength is 12–14 MPa. Physical-mechanical properties of specimens No 5, 6 and No 10 differs significantly. First specimens were produced out of forming mass, the composition of which consisted of 55% Rokai clay and 20% of high-melting clay, and forming mass composition of specimen No 10 consisted of 70% of Ukmerge clay and 30% of high-melting clay. Clay from Ukmerge is more suitable for production of sintered ceramics according to the diagrams examined above. Properties of this specimen conforms to requirements applied for sintered ceramic shiver. Addition of flux additives into forming mass did not improve physical-mechanical properties of ceramic shiver. The highest amount (16%) of the additive was added into forming mass No 7. Flux additives should comprise up to 20–30% of forming mass [8], but in this case price of such bricks would be increased significantly. The main conclusion: It is possible to obtain sintered building ceramics out of low-melting clays with additives suitable for exterior finishing of buildings.
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Oumar, Kankao Oumla, Ngon Ngon Gilbert François, Mbog Michel Bertrand, Tehna Nathanael, Bayiga Elie Constantin, Mbaï Joel Simon, and Etame Jacques. "Mineralogical, Geochemical Characterization and Physicochemical Properties of Kaolinitic Clays of the Eastern Part of the Douala Sub-Basin, Cameroon, Central Africa." Applied Sciences 12, no. 18 (September 12, 2022): 9143. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12189143.
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The sedimentary clays of the Douala sub-basin (Cameroon) were studied to determine their mineralogical composition and physicochemical properties to boost their potential suitability as materials for traditional ceramics and eventually modern ceramics. These clayey materials are not widely used locally as building materials and little data are available on these materials in the field of ceramics and they are relatively unknown. Three profiles from 3.9 to 7.4 m thickness were studied on the field in order to determine their mineralogical (X-ray diffraction, infrared), chemical (X-ray fluorescence) and physicochemical (particle size, Atterberg limits, organic matter, cation exchange capacity and hydrogen potential) properties. Globally, ten (10) clay samples were analyzed to highlight the nature and technological properties of these clays. Mineralogically, kaolinite (48.3–69.2 wt.%) and quartz (20.5–41.2 wt.%) were the most abundant minerals in these raw clay materials. They were associated with a very small or moderate quantity of illite, hematite, goethite, feldspar, gibbsite and micas. Geochemically, the clayey materials had high silica (SiO2, 22.21–58.03%) and alumina (Al2O3, 12.84–22.94%) contents, with a significant amount of iron oxides (Fe2O3, 1.07–17.92%). Other oxides (K2O, MgO, TiO2, Na2O, MnO, CaO and P2O5) were in a relatively lower proportion. A high level of alumina content explains the kaolinitic nature of these clayey materials. The results of the granulometric analysis of the clayey materials showed the following distribution: clay (26–99%) followed by silt (1–70%) and sand (0–4%). This corresponds to silty clay soils according to the Belgian textural classification diagram, with high plastic index (63.9%) characteristics. The studied clay materials are good candidates for the production of ceramics and terracotta building. This study is therefore important for any application of this type of clay in various industrial fields.
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Zhou, Jian Er, Xiao Zhen Zhang, Jing Zhang, Yong Qing Wang, Shi Kai Zhao, and Xi E. Cai. "Influence of Clay Materials on Acicular Mullite Porous Ceramic." Advanced Materials Research 412 (November 2011): 344–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.412.344.
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Porous acicular mullite ceramic was prepared by in-situ reaction sintering, using clay materials and Al (OH)3) as the raw materials. The influences of different clay materials on the phase composition, formation of acicular grains and microstructure of prepared porous ceramics were investigated. Results show that the metal oxide impurities were beneficial for the synthesis of acicular mullite. The prepared porous ceramic from Longyan kaolin with high impurity content has the highest mullite content of 93.5%, and composed of interlaced acicular grains with high slenderness ratio of 26.4 and large average diameter of about 0.7μm when sintered 1400°C for 2h. The TEM analysis indicates that the growth direction of acicular grains is along the [001] direction (c axis) of orthorhombic mullite crystals.
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Lorenzelli, V. "Clay-based materials for the ceramics industry." Materials Chemistry and Physics 22, no. 5 (August 1989): 552. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0254-0584(89)90067-9.
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Artigas, R., M. Rodas, C. J. Sánchez, R. Mas, M. Dondi, and J. Arribas. "Clayey materials from the Sierra de la Demanda Range (Spain): their potential as raw materials for the building ceramics industry." Clay Minerals 40, no. 1 (March 2005): 25–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/0009855054010153.
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AbstractThis work describes the possible use of thick Early Cretaceous clay deposits, which occur in the southern sector of the Sierra de la Demanda range, as raw materials in the manufacture of ceramic articles. The global mineralogical composition is characterized by high proportions of phyllosilicates and quartz with variable quantities of feldspars, carbonates and hematite. The clay mineralogy differentiates two types of raw materials: illitic clay and kaolinitic-illitic clay. A granulometric distribution in the 2–60 µm fraction, good behaviour during the drying stage and acceptable results in firing tests confirmed that most samples can be utilized as raw material in the building ceramics industry. The range of suitable firing temperatures for these materials is 950–1000°C, a temperature which needs to be raised for samples with a high percentage of kaolinite and quartz. Moreover, other materials with abundant calcite (20–30%) are suitable for use as modifiers of some properties or colour.
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Saipudinov, M. Sh. "CERAMICS OF IRGANAI SETTLEMENT I ACCORDING TO THE RESULTS OF RESEARCH IN 2006." History, Archeology and Ethnography of the Caucasus 13, no. 2 (June 15, 2017): 94–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.32653/ch13294-106.
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The article deals with the ceramics of Irganai settlement I of the Middle and early stage of the Late Bronze Age, revealed during excavations in the area of construction of Irganai hydroelectric station.The analysis of the ceramic complexes of the settlement is based on the results of the expedition of 2006. Taking into consideration the papers on the study and typological characteristics of ceramics, the author analyzes the size of the ceramic complexes, describes the ornaments, conducts comparative analysis of the ceramic materials and presents classification of the forms and types of the vessels. Besides, the author of the article introduces into scientific use the ceramic materials obtained during the excavations of the Irganai settlement I in 2006. Only fragments of clay vessels are considered in the article. Whole vessels were not found. In total, 667 fragments of clay vessels were found during the clearing of cultural layer P-II in 2006, and basing on them, the author presents typological characteristics of the ceramics resulting from comprehensive analysis. The identified types of vessels of Irganai settlement I have close analogies in the sites of early stage of the Middle Bronze Age of Mountainous Dagestan and Southeast Chechnya. There are some parallels in the ceramics of contemporaneous sites of submontane(Chirkey, Miatli) and maritime (Manas) Dagestan. The general nature of ceramics, similarity of clay body and fragment structure, which have analogies in the ceramics of Irganai burial I and Irganai settlement II, allow to suggestthat these sites are contemporaneous and belong to the Ginchi-Gatynkali culture of early stage of the Bronze Age.
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Marica, S., N. Ciornei, and V. Cetean. "CLAYEY RAW MATERIALS FROM DOBROGEA, SOUTHERN ROMANIA, USING IN TRADITIONAL CERAMICS." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 36, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.16588.
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This paper presents the results of geological and technological research on clayey and loessoid raw materials from the continental platform of the Black Sea. The loessoid clays undergo an open - cut mining under very good technical-economic conditions and are processed in a neighbouring factory. The clay deposits from the Cobadin plateau belong to the category of silt grains with the particle sizes between 0.01 and 0.03 mm. The physic-ceramic determinations proved that the clays from the Cobadin Plateau have a good shapability as raw materials. The clay preparation and working process includes: maceration in the quarry, preparation of the material by batching and mixing, shaping, compacting, finishing, hardening. The products are dried in the Kowo type natural dryers of the factory and firing takes place in a Hoffman kiln at a temperature of 950-1000°C.
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Ntah, Z. L. Epossi, R. Sobott, B. Fabbri, and K. Bente. "Characterization of some archaeological ceramics and clay samples from Zamala - Far-northern part of Cameroon (West Central Africa)." Cerâmica 63, no. 367 (September 2017): 413–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0366-69132017633672192.
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Abstract Seventeen ceramics samples (515±95 BP, about 580 years old) and two clay raw materials from Zamala (Far-northern, Cameroon) were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal analysis (DTA/TG) and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. The aim of the work was the deduction of the production technology and provenance of these ceramics. With the exception of one sample the analysed ceramics formed a homogeneous chemical and mineralogical group. The observed mineralogical phases were quartz, mica (biotite), potassium feldspar (microcline) and plagioclase (albite and oligoclase). The XRD study of two local clays yielded the presence of quartz, kaolinite, mica, feldspar and plagioclase. The presence of the broad endothermic peak in the DTA/TG curves of the clays and its absence in the curves of the ceramics indicated that the firing temperature of the ceramics was above 550-600 °C, which is the temperature of the kaolinite-metakaolinite transformation. The firing experiments of the clay between 400-1200 °C in oxidizing atmosphere showed that mica disappeared above 900 °C. Therefore, the firing temperature of the sherds should have been between 600-900 °C. The chemical correlation between ceramics and local clay materials pointed out to a local production of these ceramics.
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Трепалина, Ю., Yu Trepalina, Н. Кириллова, and N. Kirillova. "CERAMIC BRICK FROM YAKUTIA RAW MATERIALS WITH THE ADDITION OF GROUND CULLET." Bulletin of Belgorod State Technological University named after. V. G. Shukhov 4, no. 4 (April 25, 2019): 103–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.34031/article_5cb1e65d798f87.83499465.
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For centuries, ceramic brick is the main building material in the construction of low-rise residential buildings and utility rooms. In addition, durability, high artistic features and the absence of toxicity characterize building ceramics. The volumes of construction in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) and the demand for bricks are increasing every year. Ceramic brick imported from outside the republic is used in the construction of facilities in Yakutsk. The Republic of Sakha possesses a good raw material base of clay and loam for the production of ceramic products. The study of basic properties of clay raw materials for obtaining a quality product is of particular importance. The results of studies on the use of raw materials from the Sannikovskoye clay deposit located in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) for the further production of ceramic bricks are presented. The chemical and mineralogical compositions of the clay raw materials are determined. Compositions of ceramic masses with the addition of waste cullet in different percentages are designed to reduce the amount of solid waste. The cullet used is tare and transparent. The technological and basic physicomechanical properties of the obtained samples are investigated.
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Eagan, Robert J. "Ceramics." MRS Bulletin 12, no. 7 (November 1987): 25–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400066902.
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Until the 1980s, most people thought of ceramics as artware and artifacts. The recent development of advanced ceramics for high performance thermal insulation (space shuttle tiles), high temperature structures (heat engines), and electronics (superconductors) has dramatically changed perceptions about the utility of ceramics.High technology ceramics are related to “traditional” ceramics only to the extent that they are inorganic, nonmetallic materials. Traditional ceramics are derived from minerals. For example, dinnerware and bricks consist mostly of clay, while sand is the major ingredient in flat glass and containers. Abundant raw materials, simple processing, adequate performance at low cost, and technological evolution have kept these industries viable for several thousand years.But, for demanding electronic or structural applications, synthesizing ceramics from minerals is often unacceptable. The chemical variability of mineral deposits, the difficulty of obtaining a homogeneous mixture of powders, and the problems of consolidating the powders into a uniform ceramic with desirable grain morphology, chemistry and grain boundary phases have stimulated the development of chemically derived ceramic precursors.
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Chumachenko, Natalia, Vladimir Turnikov, and Vladimir Kuzmin. "Using the calculation method for low-melting clay assessment." MATEC Web of Conferences 196 (2018): 04014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819604014.
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Low-melting polymineral clays are widely used in building ceramics production. The properties of ceramic products depend on many factors. The paper describes properties of low-melting clay from Belebey deposit, Bashkiria. Using mathematical statistics methods, researchers make statistical analysis of grain size composition of clay raw material on Belebey brick factory and also analyze amount of sand additives and mixing moisture content. The study of general and technological properties of clay raw materials, and materials obtained from this raw material, was carried out in accordance with existing regulations using chemical, differential-thermal and non-standard methods. According to chemical analysis, non-standard assessment of clay raw materials was carried out by means of computer program "Assessment", developed at the Department of Building Materials Production and Engineering Structures. The method of calculating quantity and composition of melted material, formed in ceramic masses during firing, using known diagrams of aluminosilicate systems state is used. The assessment made it possible to determine maximum firing temperature and firing range and additives improving clinker formation. The studies show that calculation indicators are consistent with experimental data. They can be used for quick assessment of raw materials properties when changing its composition, and in adjustment of technological parameters of production.
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Azeredo, Neila Gondim, Euzébio Barnabé Zanelato, Jonas Alexandre, Afonso Rangel Garcez de Azevedo, Gustavo de Castro Xavier, Veronica Scarpini Candido, and Sergio Neves Monteiro. "Performance of Precursor Materials and Fired Ceramics for Structural Blocks." Materials Science Forum 820 (June 2015): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.820.13.
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The physical, chemical and mineralogical characterization of a precursor clay body before firing is of relevance for understanding the technological performance of the fired clay ceramic. In particular, structural clay ceramic blocks used in building construction need to attend standard properties specified by the norms. In the present work the precursor clay body, typically used to fabricate structural blocks in Campos dos Goytacazes, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, was characterized in terms of particle size distribution, X-ray diffraction, chemical composition and Atterberg limits. In addition, the performance of structural ceramic blocks, fabricated from the extruded clay body and fired at 850oC, was evaluated. The results indicated that the ceramic mechanical strength complies with the Brazilian norm but the water absorption is higher than the maximum specified by the norm. The characteristic of the clay body contribute to justify the structural blocks performance.
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Inegbenebor, A. I., A. O. Inegbenebor, R. C. Mordi, N. Kalada, A. Falomo, and P. Sanyaolu. "Determination of the Chemical Compositions of Clay Deposits from Some Part of South West Nigeria for Industrial Applications." International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 4, no. 1 (March 31, 2016): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v4i1.14214.
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Clay is one of the major raw materials in ceramics, paint and paper industries. In this paper, a report is given on the chemical composition of clay deposits in Ilaro and Ikorodu, South West Nigeria and their suitability as raw materials in the above mentioned industries is suggested by comparison of their composition with industry standards. The clay samples were activated with H2SO4 and their moisture content was determined. The mineral content of the clays was determined using atomic absorption spectroscopy, which showed significant presence of Si, Al, Fe, and Ti. The morphology of the clays was studied using scanning electron microscope (SEM/EDX) in combination with X-ray analysis. The investigation revealed the agglomeration of the particles of quartz and rutile on the surface structure of the activated clays. The results obtained from their observed properties and chemical compositions indicate that these clays are suitable for use in the ceramics, paint and paper industries. This proposition is supported by reduction in moisture contents of the activated clay samples from both Ilaro and Ikorodu.Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 4(1): 21-26
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Garcia-Valles, Maite, Pura Alfonso, Salvador Martínez, and Núria Roca. "Mineralogical and Thermal Characterization of Kaolinitic Clays from Terra Alta (Catalonia, Spain)." Minerals 10, no. 2 (February 7, 2020): 142. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10020142.
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This research characterizes the kaolinitic clays from Cretaceous–Paleocene lateritic deposits of Terra Alta (south Catalonia) to evaluate their possible applications. The outcrops and quarries belong to the Horta de Sant Joan and Pinell de Brai areas. The chemical composition, mineralogy, rheological behavior, particle size distribution and plasticity are determined. The Fe and Ti4+ contents prevent them from being directly used as raw material for white ceramics. The mineralogy consists of kaolinite with quartz, illite, hematite, and minor K-feldspar and calcite. Most of the area comprises medium plastic clays that are classified as fired clays and can be used as ceramic and construction materials. In Horta de Sant Joan, a kaolinitic-rich level, up to 75 wt % of kaolinite, is highly crystalline with low plasticity and can be classified as flint clay, useful as a refractory clay. The evaluated kaolinitic clays can also be used to obtain a triaxial ceramic when they are mixed with feldspar to act as a fluxing agent and chamotte.
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Yatsenko, Natalia, Aleksandr I. Yatsenko, Natalia A. Vil'bitskaya, Olga I. Sazonova, and Rimma V. Savanchuk. "The Patterns of Phase Composition and Properties of High-Calcium Low-Density Ceramics Formation Based on Argillous Raw Materials of Various Chemical and Mineralogical Composition." Materials Science Forum 1037 (July 6, 2021): 167–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1037.167.
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The post-sintering properties of walling high-calcium ceramics based on clay-containing raw materials in low-temperature roasting depend on the chemical-mineralogical composition of clay with different contents of iron, calcium-containing and alkaline oxides that contribute to the formation of new crystalline phases, which provide for the production of low-density ceramic material with high-strength properties.
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Childs, S. Terry. "Petrographic Analysis of Archaeological Ceramics." MRS Bulletin 14, no. 3 (March 1989): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400063144.
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Petrographic analysis is not new to the study of archaeological ceramics, but it is receiving more attention as it is applied to interesting and diverse archaeological problems. Petrography was developed by geologists to identify minerals in rocks. Archaeologists use it to study the minerals that occur in prehistoric clay matrices transformed by heat to a rocklike state.Petrographic analysis requires a polarizing microscope and a piece of ceramic, called a thin section, 30 microns (0.03 mm) thick. As light from this specialized microscope passes through a mineral, it produces optical properties unique to that mineral. Birefringence and pleochroism are two such properties used to identify minerals, while physical properties such as cleavage and relief are also important discriminators. Several references fully explain these properties and relate them to specific minerals and rocks.Using petrographic techniques, as many as five materials can be studied in a ceramic—the clay itself, natural inclusions in the clay, purposefully added inclusions, and glazes or slips on the clay surface. Under certain conditions the clay or inclusions may melt and a fifth material, glass, may form. Depending on the research problem to be addressed and the samples available, the petrdgrapher studies one or more of these materials.
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Minota-Yepes, Isabel Cristina, Román Álvarez-Roca, and Fernando Andrés Londoño-Badillo. "Review: Densification process of ceramic materials." Respuestas 25, no. 2 (May 1, 2020): 199–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.22463/0122820x.2964.
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Ceramics has played an important role in the technological and socio-economic development of humanity, so that they can be used to identify different historical periods of the humanity. Babylonians, Greek, Andalusian, among other cultures have used the ceramics and developed several methods to improve the products obtained by pottery. Generally, the ceramics can be divided into two big areas, traditional and structural ceramics. Ceramics manufactured with clay, Traditional Ceramics, currently they are being studied in the improvement of structural, abrasives, cement, refractory, among other materials. On the other hand, the ceramics developed as a result of new technologies and the exploitation of natural resources, Structural Ceramics, they are a great interest for the science of ceramic materials due to the development of ceramics with properties that incorporate attributes of various materials in only one material, in addition to the contributing to the phenomenological study at a scientific level. Advances in the processes of densification and doping of these materials have allowed to obtain ceramics with high mechanical resistance, high hardness, high resistance to attrition and corrosion, good chemical and thermal stability; features that have directly influenced the type of applications such as bulletproof vests, transparent shields, high temperature electrical insulators, superconducting devices, electronic materials among other applications
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Elsafi, Mohamed, Mirvat Fawzi Dib, Hoda Ezzelddin Mustafa, M. I. Sayyed, Mayeen Uddin Khandaker, Abdullah Alsubaie, Abdulraheem S. A. Almalki, Mahmoud I. Abbas, and Ahmed M. El-Khatib. "Enhancement of Ceramics Based Red-Clay by Bulk and Nano Metal Oxides for Photon Shielding Features." Materials 14, no. 24 (December 19, 2021): 7878. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14247878.
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We prepared red clays by introducing different percentages of PbO, Bi2O3, and CdO. In order to understand how the introduction of these oxides into red clay influences its attenuation ability, the mass attenuation coefficient of the clays was experimentally measured in a lab using an HPGe detector. The theoretical shielding capability of the material present was obtained using XCOM to verify the accuracy of the experimental results. We found that the experimental and theoretical values agree to a very high degree of precision. The effective atomic number (Zeff) of pure red clay, and red clay with the three metal oxides was determined. The pure red clay had the lowest Zeff of the tested samples, which means that introducing any of these three oxides into the clay will greatly enhance its Zeff, and consequently its attenuation capability. Additionally, the Zeff for red clay with 10 wt% CdO is lower than the Zeff of red clay with 10 wt% Bi2O3 and PbO. We also prepared red clay using 10 wt% CdO nanoparticles and compared its attenuation ability with the red clay prepared with 10 wt% PbO, Bi2O3, and CdO microparticles. We found that the MAC of the red clay with 10 wt% nano-CdO was higher than the MAC of the clay with microparticle samples. Accordingly, nanoparticles could be a useful way to enhance the shielding ability of current radiation shielding materials.
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Kalneus, V. A., D. A. Nemushchenko, V. V. Larichkin, and A. A. Briutov. "Research of Physical and Mechanical Properties of Fly Ash Ceramics with SiO2 and Al2O3 Nanoparticles as Functional Addition." Key Engineering Materials 887 (May 2021): 528–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.887.528.
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The article analyses the influence of SiO2 and Al2O3 nanopowders on properties of ceramics consisting of fly ash from thermal power plants, glass waste, and clay binder. Based on studies of physical and mechanical properties of the obtained ceramics (ultimate compressive strength, ultimate three-point bending strength, wear resistance, and water absorption), the paper shows the positive influence of the nanoadditives. The optimal number of SiO2 and Al2O3 nanopowders in the formulation is 0.5 wt. % that has the strongest effect on ultimate compressive strength and water absorption of the fly ash ceramics samples. The direction of further research on improving the properties of ceramic products is an application of the Al2O3 nanopowder as more perspective nanoadditive using clay dispersant.
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Guryeva, Viktoriya, Alexander Doroshin, and Yuliya Andreeva. "Building ceramics based on composition of low-quality clay and slurry." MATEC Web of Conferences 143 (2018): 02014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201814302014.
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At present, there is a trend towards increasing demand for ceramic products with enhanced physical and mechanical properties. This study is aimed at developing scientifically grounded compositions of ceramic products that maximize the use of local low-quality aluminosilicate raw materials and secondary raw materials in brick-making technology. Characteristics of local low-melting clays and industrial waste in the form of drilling slurry with minimum percentage of petroleum product were studied and presented in this paper. Standard methods for determining physical and mechanical properties of bricks, physicochemical and statistical methods of research are used as a methodological framework. The paper shows effects of drilling slurry with an increased content of calcium oxide on the composition, physical and mechanical properties of wall ceramics, as well as effects of composition of low-quality local clays and slurries on the structure and properties of ceramic materials. The modifying role of container glass and its effects on properties of a synthesized ceramic piece were studied and presented.
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Gaishun, A. S., E. S. Gaishun, E. V. Kovaleristova, and K. S. Yavruyan. "WALL CERAMIC MATERIALS BASED ON TECHNOGENIC RAW MATERIALS OF COAL SERIES." Herald of Dagestan State Technical University. Technical Sciences 46, no. 1 (July 16, 2019): 152–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21822/2073-6185-2019-46-1-152-159.
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Objectives. The paper discusses the feasibility of using the technogenic raw materials of the coal series in the production of highly efficient wall ceramics. The interest in the man-made raw materials of the coal series (sludge, screenings and cake) as the raw materials used in the manufacture of ceramic products has now greatly increased. The reason for this was the reduction of the base of high-quality clay raw materials, the appreciation of its use in the production of wall ceramics, a large amount of accumulated reserves of various rocks of coal-based man-made raw materials.Method. The research used the following composition of the raw mix: 70% of technogenic raw materials of the coal series (screenings) and 30% of the clay raw materials. The determination of the physicomechanical properties of the samples was carried out according to GOST 530-2012. Coal dumps are fine- grained products, the solid part of which contains a significant amount of coal.Result. The technological parameters of obtaining wall ceramic products based on coal slimes are determined. Studied the main physico-technical characteristics of the materials obtained. Phase transformations occurring during the burning and patterns of the formation of the structure of the shard were studied. The feasibility of the production of highly efficient ceramic products with low thermal conductivity and density based on technogenic raw materials of the coal series using the technology of compression molding is shown.Conclusion. The results of theoretical studies are confirmed by practical data, which consist in the fact that in raw mixtures containing technogenic raw materials of coal series, a sharp increase in strength, taking into account the complete burning of carbon, occurs at temperatures of 1000-1060 ° C. The changes introduced during the production of products using this method will help achieve a significant energy saving of gas and optimization of the firing mode.
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Babisk, Michelle Pereira, Thalissa Pizetta Altoé, Henrique Junio de Oliveira Lopes, Ulisses Soares do Prado, Monica Castoldi Borlini Gadioli, Sergio Neves Monteiro, and Carlos Mauricio Fontes Vieira. "Properties of Clay Ceramic Incorporated with Red Mud." Materials Science Forum 798-799 (June 2014): 509–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.798-799.509.
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The red mud is a well known insoluble residue generated in the Bayer process to benefit bauxite ores. This residue is composed of ceramic related compounds such as iron oxide, sodium aluminum silicates, carbonates, calcium aluminates and titanium dioxide. The incorporation of industrial residues in clay ceramics has been extensively investigated, not only as an environmentally correct solution but also as an economic way to save raw materials. Therefore, the present work evaluated the properties of clay ceramics incorporated with up to 40 wt% of red mud. Clay bodies with different percentages of red mud were press-molded and fired at 750, 950 and 1050°C. The evaluated technological properties were linear shrinkage, water absorption and mechanical strength. Sensible changes in such properties were found with red mud addition. In particular, the ceramic fired at 1050°C displayed favorable water absorption with red mud incorporation.
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Prudêncio, M. Isabel, M. Isabel Dias, M. José Trindade, and M. Amália Sequeira Braga. "Rare earth elements as tracers for provenancing ancient ceramics." Estudos do Quaternário / Quaternary Studies, no. 8 (December 26, 2012): 6–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.30893/eq.v0i8.67.
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Clay analysis plays a crucial role in studies of ancient ceramics, contributing with answers to better understanding resource exploitation strategies, production technologies, and regional and interregional interaction patterns. The vessels are made essentially by clays, the composition of the ceramics reflectingthe origin of the clay materials used and conclusions may be inferred concerning the type of raw materials and the establishment of the geographic area of production. Different geochemical patterns found in clays from different geological contexts, consist on an important basis for the comparison with ceramics since the identification of the clays used for productions can contribute to delimit a potential area of clay resources and thus establishing provenance. This is particularly useful when no archaeological evidence of production exists. REE patterns are very important for the characterization of ceramic productions and their relation with raw materials, as subtle variations between them reflect differences in their relative behaviour in response to the chemical environment, making this group particularly useful in geochemistry studies. So, REE are crucial trace elements to pursue studies of raw materials and provenance establishment and trade routes reconstruction in ancient times.
As terras raras como indicadores geoquímicos na proveniência de cerâmica antiga - O estudo das argilas assume um papel crucial na investigação de cerâmicas antigas, contribuindo para o esclarecimento e melhor compreensão de estratégias de exploração de recursos de matérias-primas, tecnologias de produção e padrões de interacção regional e inter-regional. Os recipientes cerâmicos são essencialmente constituídos por argilas, reflectindo a sua composição a origem dos materiais argilosos usados, podendo ser retiradas conclusões relativamente ao tipo de matérias-primas, bem como ao estabelecimento de áreas geográficas de produção. Os diversos padrões geoquímicos encontrados nas argilas provenientes de diferentes contextos geológicos, constituem uma importante base para a comparação com as cerâmicas, uma vez que a identificação das argilas usadas em certas produções, pode contribuir para a delimitação da potencial área fonte de argilas, estabelecendo-se assim a sua proveniência. Este facto é particularmente relevante quando não existe evidência arqueológica de produção. Os padrões de terras raras são muito importantes para a caracterização das produções cerâmicas e sua relação com as matérias-primas, uma vez que as variaçõessubtis que apresentam reflectem diferenças no seu comportamento em resposta ao sistema químico que as rodeiam, tornando este grupo particularmente útil em estudos de geoquímica. Deste modo, as terras raras são elementos traço cruciais em estudos de matérias-primas e no estabelecimento de proveniência de cerâmicas, contribuindo para a reconstrução de rotas comerciais em tempos antigos.
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Guryeva, Viktoriya A., Aleksandr V. Doroshin, and Viktor V. Dubineckij. "Sludge of the Fuel-Energy and Oil-Producing Complex in the Production of Wall Ceramic Products." Materials Science Forum 945 (February 2019): 1036–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.945.1036.
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The experience of using slime wastes in the production of wall ceramic bricks is considered. The results of the investigation of clayey raw materials in the deposits of the Western Orenburg region and technogenic wastes of the fuel-energy and oil-producing complex are analyzed with an analysis of their effect on the properties of wall ceramics: density, strength, and water absorption. Based on the results of the research, optimal compositions were developed using ash and slag wastes in a composition with aluminosilicate clay raw material - loam. The influence of drill cuttings with an increased content of calcium oxide on the composition and physical and mechanical properties of wall ceramics, the effect of a composition of low-grade local clay raw materials and drill cuttings on the formation of the structure and properties of ceramic materials is shown. The analysis of the volumes of formation of ash-and-slag wastes and drill cuttings is given, which makes it possible to introduce technogenic wastes into secondary production and to expand the mineral and raw materials base for the production of ceramic bricks.
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Choo, Thye, Mohamad Mohd Salleh, Kuan Kok, Khamirul Matori, and Suraya Abdul Rashid. "A Study on the Utilization of Coal Fly Ash Derived Grog in Clay Ceramics." Materials 13, no. 22 (November 18, 2020): 5218. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13225218.
Full textAbstract:
Grog is an additive material that plays important roles in ceramic making. It improves the fabrication process of green bodies as well as the physical properties of fired bodies. Few low-cost materials and wastes have found their application as grog in recent years, thus encouraging the replacement of commercial grogs with cost-saving materials. Coal fly ash, a combustion waste produced by coal-fired power plant, has the potential to be converted into grog owing to its small particle sizes and high content of silica and alumina. In this study, grog was derived from coal fly ash and mixed with kaolin clay to produce ceramics. Effects of the grog addition on the resultant ceramics were investigated. It was found that, to a certain extent, the grog addition reduced the firing shrinkage and increased the total porosity of the ceramics. The dimensional stability of the ceramics at a firing temperature of 1200 °C was also not noticeably affected by the grog. However, the grog addition in general had negative effects on the biaxial flexural strength and refractoriness of the ceramics.
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Setiawan, Nugroho Imam, Indra Perdana, Vidya Syarifah, Pra Cipta Buana, Milzam Dzulfiqar Setyowiyoto, Rizki Istinanda, Didit Hadi Barianto, and Chusni Ansori. "Characterization and identification of clay-material provenance from Bayat ceramic home industry in Klaten, Central Java, Indonesia." E3S Web of Conferences 325 (2021): 06002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202132506002.
Full textAbstract:
Bayat Ceramic Home Industry in Klaten, Central Java, Indonesia is produced from three primary locations of Melikan, Paseban, and Ndolon. The clay-sources of the ceramic were mined from Bayat and surrounding areas, which is geologically named Jiwo Hills. Characterization and identification of clay material sources of the ceramic products from these areas were done in to understand the correlation between provenance and production processes. This paper presents the first contribution on Bayat ceramic by investigating the mineralogical composition using petrography and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analyses. Understanding the characteristics and compositions of clay material source of ceramic in Bayat can be used to determine other clay source locations or quarry that have the similar characteristics to current clay-materials. The clay minerals of ceramic products from Melikan and Paseban are halloysite, smectite, and kaolinite, while from Ndolon are smectite and kaolinite. Monoand poly-crystalline quartz with the lithic fragments of phyllites were found in Melikan and Paseban ceramics. Ceramic from Ndolon is rich in plagioclase and lithic andesite. Clay provenance of ceramic products from Melikan and Paseban might be derived from weathered low-grade metamorphic and igneous rocks from West Jiwo Hills. While from Ndolon might be derived from weathered igneous or volcanic rocks from Kebo-Butak Formation. The amorphous silica found in the ceramic from Melikan, Paseban, and Ndolon suggests the firing process between 700–800 °C. Thus, our results provide the database of clay source characteristics to determine the following possible clay-quarry location for the raw materials of ceramic products in this location.
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Terrones-Saeta, Juan María, Jorge Suárez-Macías, Francisco Javier Iglesias-Godino, and Francisco Antonio Corpas-Iglesias. "Study of the Incorporation of Biomass Bottom Ashes in Ceramic Materials for the Manufacture of Bricks and Evaluation of Their Leachates." Materials 13, no. 9 (May 1, 2020): 2099. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13092099.
Full textAbstract:
Scarcity of raw materials, reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and reduction of waste disposal in landfills are leading to the development of more sustainable building materials. Based on these lines, this work studies the incorporation of biomass bottom ashes into ceramic materials for brick manufacture, in order to reuse this currently unused waste and reduce clay extraction operations. To this end, different groups of samples were made with different combinations of clay and biomass bottom ashes, from 100% clay to 100% biomass bottom ashes. These samples were shaped, sintered and subjected to the usual physical tests in ceramics. In turn, the mechanical resistance, color and leaching of the contaminating elements present were studied. The physical and mechanical tests showed that the results of all the families were adequate, achieving compressive strengths of over 20 MPa and leaching of the contaminating elements acceptable by the regulations. Therefore, a sustainable range of ceramics was developed, with specific properties (porosity, density, resistance and color), with a waste that is currently unused and sustainable with the environment.
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Qin, Yue Ning, Fang Wang, Jie Guang Song, Min Han Xu, and Jia Wei Wu. "The Structure and Properties of Quartz Pore Gradient Ceramic Materials." Solid State Phenomena 331 (April 29, 2022): 215–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-7kc602.
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In view of the low performance of porous ceramics on the wall, the heavy task of saving clay resources, and the major problems of dredging the Yangtze River, this thesis uses low-grade quartz sand along the Yangtze River as the main raw material and kaolin as the plasticizer. Drying, sintering and other processes prepare high-performance porous quartz ceramics, and improve the performance of porous quartz ceramics by studying the control conditions and the control mechanism related to the performance of the sintered body. Quartz porous ceramic bodies were sintered at 1100 °C and 1200 °C, and no obvious gradient structure was found. However, the quartz porous ceramic bodies had obvious gradient structures after sintering at 1300°C. The quartz porous ceramic bodies were sintered. When the temperature is 1400 °C, the green body is not found to have a pore gradient structure. When the water-to-material ratio is 1.2 and 1.3, the quartz porous ceramic body has no obvious gradient structure; when the water-to-material ratio is 1.4, 1.5, the sample has an obvious gradient structure. Combining the cost performance between material performance and energy consumption, in order to obtain a better bonding point, porous silica ceramics should be prepared with a water-to-material ratio of 1.4 and a sintering temperature of 1300 °C to prepare porous silica ceramics with a better pore gradient structure. Its porosity is 32.45%, and its compressive strength is 5.23 MPa.
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Yavruyan, Khungianos Stepan, and Evgeniy Sergey Gaishun. "Ceramic Materials with the Use of Innovative Supplements." Journal of Architectural and Engineering Research 2 (June 29, 2022): 97–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.54338/27382656-2022.2-014.
Full textAbstract:
The use of by-products of the coal industry in the production of wall ceramics is quite relevant.Coal waste is a promising raw material base for the production of ceramic wall materials. Coal sludge is widely used in the production of clay bricks at factories in the Urals and Kazakhstan.The most mastered technology is the use of coal waste as an additive in the production of ceramic products. The use of local waste allowsto minimize raw material costs. A new are of recycling existing products will help to not only lower the cost of the future products, but will also preserve natural resources.
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Stepanova, N. F., and D. Yu Rybakov. "Preliminary Results of Studying Ceramics from the Karbinskoye I Settlement of Early Iron Age in Priketye." Problems of Archaeology, Ethnography, Anthropology of Siberia and Neighboring Territories 27 (2021): 662–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.17746/2658-6193.2021.27.0662-0668.
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The article discusses the results of studying ceramics of the early Iron Age from the Karbinskoye I settlement in Priketye, located in the eastern part of the Narym Ob region. Within the framework of the historical and cultural approach, samples of 47 vessels from this site were studied. It was found that the ceramics were made from qualitatively different clays: ferruginous and non-ferruginous, mostly low-plastic. Six recipes for the preparation of molding materials were revealed. The main tradition in the use of mineral admixtures is the addition of chamotte, and the recipe for clay + chamotte + organic (73 %). The second place is taken by the clay + organic recipe (19 %). An unusual skill is the addition of slag to molding materials. The use of a large number of clay sources, the presence of several recipes indicate different skills in making ceramics and several groups of potters. A comparative analysis of the data obtained with the results of a technical and technological analysis of ceramics from other sites from the Narym and Tomsk Ob regions is carried out. The similarities and differences in the skills of selection of raw materials and the preparation of molding masses were revealed. Common features include the use of non-ferruginous and low-ferruginous clays, which distinguishes these collections from the sites of the Early Iron Age in the adjacent territories. Ceramics from the Narym and Tomsk Ob regions are distinguished by traditions in the use ofmineral impurities: in the Narym Ob region chamotte was added to the molding mass, in the Tomsk Ob region—crushed stone. In both regions, a clay + organics recipe was identified, possibly associated with a special group of population, which is not numerous at all the studied sites.