Journal articles: 'Ceramic SLA'

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Altun, Altan Alpay, Thomas Prochaska, Thomas Konegger, and Martin Schwentenwein. "Dense, Strong, and Precise Silicon Nitride-Based Ceramic Parts by Lithography-Based Ceramic Manufacturing." Applied Sciences 10, no. 3 (February 3, 2020): 996. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10030996.

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Due to the high level of light absorption and light scattering of dark colored powders connected with the high refractive indices of ceramic particles, the majority of ceramics studied via stereolithography (SLA) have been light in color, including ceramics such as alumina, zirconia and tricalcium phosphate. This article focuses on a lithography-based ceramic manufacturing (LCM) method for β-SiAlON ceramics that are derived from silicon nitride and have excellent material properties for high temperature applications. This study demonstrates the general feasibility of manufacturing of silicon nitride-based ceramic parts by LCM for the first time and combines the advantages of SLA, such as the achievable complexity and low surface roughness (Ra = 0.50 µm), with the typical properties of conventionally manufactured silicon nitride-based ceramics, such as high relative density (99.8%), biaxial strength (σf = 764 MPa), and hardness (HV10 = 1500).

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Chugunov, Svyatoslav, Nikolaus A. Adams, and Iskander Akhatov. "Evolution of SLA-Based Al2O3 Microstructure During Additive Manufacturing Process." Materials 13, no. 18 (September 5, 2020): 3928. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13183928.

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Evolution of additively manufactured (AM) ceramics’ microstructure between manufacturing stages is a hardly explored topic. These data are of high demand for advanced numerical modeling. In this work, 3D microstructural models of Al2O3 greenbody, brownbody and sintered material are presented and analyzed, for ceramic samples manufactured with SLA-based AM workflow, using a commercially available ceramic paste and 3D printer. The novel data, acquired at the micro- and mesoscale, using Computed Tomography (CT), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Focused Ion-Beam SEM (FIB/SEM) techniques, allowed a deep insight into additive ceramics characteristics. We demonstrated the spatial 3D distribution of ceramic particles, an organic binder and pores at every stage of AM workflow. The porosity of greenbody samples (1.6%), brownbody samples (37.3%) and sintered material (4.9%) are analyzed. Pore distribution and possible originating mechanisms are discussed. The location and shape of pores and ceramic particles are indicative of specific physical processes driving the ceramics manufacturing. We will use the presented microstructural 3D models as input and verification data for advanced numerical simulations developed in the project.

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Zhu, Ji Hong, Wei Hong Zhang, and Xiao Jun Gu. "On the Topology Optimization Design for the Stereolithography Based Investment Casting Model." Advanced Materials Research 139-141 (October 2010): 1464–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.139-141.1464.

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The purpose of this paper is to avoid the crack problem of the ceramic shell during the burnout procedure of the rapid investment casting using stereolithograghy (SLA) model. Since the coefficient of thermal expansion of the SLA model is much higher than the coefficient of the ceramic shell, the internal structural patterns have to be properly designed to reduce the stress level in the ceramic shell. A topology optimization method is proposed here to find better microstructure designs to satisfy both the strength of the ceramic shell and the stiffness of the SLA model itself. Taking the arrayed microstructure into account, the pseudo-densities of the SLA model elements to describe the material layout are defined and assumed as the design variables. By deriving the design sensitivities, the topology optimization problem is solved with reasonable numerical results generated.

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Danty, Paul, Amandine Magnaudeix, Emeline Renaudie, Fanny Leborgne, Vincent Pateloup, Valery Valle, Eric Champion, and Patricia Pascuad-Mathieu. "Processing by Laser Stereolithography and In Vitro Biological Evaluation of Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds Mimicking Human Trabecular Bone Architecture." Solid State Phenomena 339 (December 19, 2022): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-zn71xt.

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Hydroxyapatite (HA) ceramic scaffolds are commonly used as bone graft substitutes. Design of such scaffolds is a challenge to improve biological properties and extend the applications of HA ceramics in the field of bone tissue engineering. In this work, we investigated the processing and the in vitro properties of HA ceramic scaffolds mimicking human trabecular bone architecture. Samples of human tibial trabecular bone were collected (University Hospital Center of Limoges) and scanned by X-Ray μ-computed tomography (μ-CT) to generate 3D model database. From this computer-aided design, HA ceramic scaffolds were shaped layer-by-layer by additive manufacturing using laser stereolithography (SLA). Then, green parts were sintered to obtain dense ceramic scaffolds. The shaped parts were compared to the model (wall thickness, size, and geometry of the porous network) using image analysis. A good agreement was found. Only small differences were detected due to a light overpolymerization or to some unprinted very small details that were not linked to a polymerized area of the previous layer. Due to part shrinkage during sintering a magnifying factor has to be applied to the scanned CAO model to match the real dimensions of the trabecular bone sample. Human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) cultures were performed to investigate the biological properties of these scaffolds (cell attachment and proliferation of hMSC). These preliminary biological evaluations show the good biocompatibility and cell adhesion of the HA substitute. This work evidences the efficiency of SLA to produce ceramic scaffold architectures mimicking that of the natural trabecular bone with promising biological behavior.

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Smirnov, Andrey, Svyatoslav Chugunov, Anastasia Kholodkova, Maxim Isachenkov, Andrey Tikhonov, Oleg Dubinin, and Igor Shishkovsky. "The Fabrication and Characterization of BaTiO3 Piezoceramics Using SLA 3D Printing at 465 nm Wavelength." Materials 15, no. 3 (January 26, 2022): 960. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15030960.

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The additive manufacturing of BaTiO3 (BT) ceramics through stereolithography (SLA) 3D printing at 465 nm wavelength was demonstrated. After different milling times, different paste compositions with varied initial micron-sized powders were studied to find a composition suitable for 3D printing. The pastes were evaluated in terms of photopolymerization depth depending on the laser scanning speed. Furthermore, the microstructure and properties of the BT ceramic samples produced through SLA 3D printing were characterized and compared with those of ceramics fabricated through a conventional die semi-drying pressing method. Three-dimensional printed samples achieved relative densities over 0.95 and microhardness over 500 HV after sintering, nearly matching the relative density and microhardness attained by the pressed samples. Upon poling, the 3D-printed samples attained acceptable piezoelectric module d33 = 148 pC/N and dielectric constants over 2000. At near full density, BT piezoceramics were successfully fabricated through SLA 3D printing at 465 nm wavelength, achieving photopolymerization depth of more than 100 microns. This work paves the relatively low-cost way for 3D printing of piezoelectric ceramics using conventional micron-sized powders and high printed layer thickness.

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Nawrot, Witold, and Karol Malecha. "Additive manufacturing revolution in ceramic microsystems." Microelectronics International 37, no. 2 (March 28, 2020): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mi-11-2019-0073.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to review possibilities of implementing ceramic additive manufacturing (AM) into electronic device production, which can enable great new possibilities. Design/methodology/approach A short introduction into additive techniques is included, as well as primary characterization of structuring capabilities, dielectric performance and applicability in the electronic manufacturing process. Findings Ceramic stereolithography (SLA) is suitable for microchannel manufacturing, even using a relatively inexpensive system. This method is suitable for implementation into the electronic manufacturing process; however, a search for better materials is desired, especially for improved dielectric parameters, lowered sintering temperature and decreased porosity. Practical implications Relatively inexpensive ceramic SLA, which is now available, could make ceramic electronics, currently restricted to specific applications, more available. Originality/value Ceramic AM is in the beginning phase of implementation in electronic technology, and only a few reports are currently available, the most significant of which is mentioned in this paper.

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Truxova, Veronika, Jiri Safka, Martin Seidl, Iaroslav Kovalenko, Lukas Volensky, and Michal Ackermann. "CERAMIC 3D PRINTING: COMPARISON OF SLA AND DLP TECHNOLOGIES." MM Science Journal 2020, no. 2 (June 10, 2020): 3905–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.17973/mmsj.2020_06_2020006.

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Chugunov, Svyatoslav, Andrey Smirnov, Anastasia Kholodkova, Andrey Tikhonov, Oleg Dubinin, and Igor Shishkovsky. "Evaluation of Stereolithography-Based Additive Manufacturing Technology for BaTiO3 Ceramics at 465 nm." Applied Sciences 12, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 412. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12010412.

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A piezoceramic BaTiO3 material that is difficult for 3D printing was tested with a homemade laser-based stereolithography (SLA) setup. The high light absorbance of BaTiO3 in the spectral range of 350–410 nm makes this material hardly usable with most commercial SLA 3D printers. The typical polymerization depth of BaTiO3 ceramic pastes in this spectral range hardly reaches 30–50 µm for 40 vol % powder loading. A spectral change to 465 nm was realized in this work via a robot-based experimental SLA setup to improve the 3D printing efficiency. The ceramic paste was prepared from a preconditioned commercial BaTiO3 powder and used for 3D printing. The paste’s polymerization was investigated with variation of powder fraction (10–55 vol %), speed of a laser beam (1–10 mm/s, at constant laser power), and a hatching spacing (100–1000 µm). The polymerization depths of over 100 µm were routinely reached with the 465 nm SLA for pastes having 55 vol % powder loading. The spectral shift from 350–410 nm spectral region to 465 nm reduced the light absorption by BaTiO3 and remedied the photopolymerization process, emphasizing the importance of comprehensive optical analysis of prospective powders in SLA technology. Two multi-layered objects were 3D-printed to demonstrate the positive effect of the spectral shift.

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Zhang, Jie, Hai Gu, Jianhua Sun, Bin Li, Jie Jiang, and Weiwei Wu. "Effect of geometry error on the non-Newtonian flow in the ceramic microchannel molded by SLA." Open Physics 20, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 87–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/phys-2022-0004.

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Abstract The ceramic microchannel manufactured by stereolithography (SLA) can be used in many engineering cases. SLA is an accurate 3D printing technology, while the small geometry error is inevitable. The involved flow is always non-Newtonian fluids. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze Bingham fluids flow in the ceramic microchannel with geometry errors. To conduct the numerical simulations, a modified lattice Boltzmann (LB) model is presented. Then, the good consistency between the theoretical and numerical solutions demonstrates the effectiveness of the improved method. The required cases are analyzed by using the proposed method. Both the streamlines and outlet velocity distribution show that the geometry error increases the outlet velocity. The Bingham parameters are important factors in the flow of the microchannel.

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Jin, Jie, and Shen Hao Wang. "Preparation of C/SiC Composites by SLA-Intergrated Liquid Silicon Infiltration Method." Advanced Materials Research 152-153 (October 2010): 1146–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.152-153.1146.

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Phenolic resin was used as the raw material, formed a mold for complex-shaped component by rapid-prototyping. It was composed of SiC, C and Si. The sample hardness was analyzed through statistical comparison. The phase composition of C/SiC composite was investigated by XRD and microstructures of C/SiC ceramic components were observed with scaning electron microscope. The ceramic components obtained at 1500 by reactive infiltration of Si into porous C-template. The porous structure formed by photecurable resin and starch powders pyrolysis could effectively prevent the C-template from cracking and reduce the stress. It also facilitate penetrating Si to the C-template to form SiC.

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Barker, Emilia, Lina AlQobaly, Zahab Shaikh, Kirsty Franklin, and Keyvan Moharamzadeh. "Implant Soft-Tissue Attachment Using 3D Oral Mucosal Models—A Pilot Study." Dentistry Journal 8, no. 3 (July 7, 2020): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/dj8030072.

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Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate soft-tissue attachment to different metal, ceramic, and polymer implant surfaces using an inflamed, three-dimensional (3D), tissue-engineered, human oral mucosal model, as well as multiple-endpoint qualitative and quantitative biological approaches. Methods: Normal human oral fibroblasts, OKF6/TERT-2 keratinocytes and THP-1 monocytes were cultured, and full-thickness, 3D oral mucosal models were engineered inside tissue culture inserts. Sand-blasted and acid-etched (SLA) and machined (M) titanium–zirconium alloy (TiZr; commercially known as Roxolid; Institut Straumann AG, Switzerland), ceramic (ZrO2), and polyether ether ketone (PEEK) rods (Ø 4 mm × 8 mm) were inserted into the center of tissue-engineered oral mucosa following a Ø 4mm punch biopsy. Inflammation was simulated with addition of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Escherichia coli (E. coli) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha to the culture medium. Implant soft-tissue attachment was assessed using histology, an implant pull-test with PrestoBlue assay, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results: Inflamed, full-thickness, 3D human oral mucosal models with inserted implants were successfully engineered and histologically characterized. The implant pull-test with PrestoBlue assay showed higher viability of the tissue that remained attached to the TiZr-SLA surface compared to the other test groups. This difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). SEM analysis showed evidence of epithelial cell attachment on different implant surfaces. Conclusions: The inflamed, 3D, oral mucosal model has the potential to be used as a suitable in vitro test system for visualization and quantification of implant soft-tissue attachment. The results of our study indicate greater soft tissue attachment to TiZr-SLA compared to TiZr-M, ceramic, and PEEK surfaces.

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Yang, Qiang, Fu Wang, and Dichen Li. "Effect of Chopped ZrO2 Fiber Content on the Microstructure and Properties of CaO-Based Integral Ceramic Mold." Materials 13, no. 23 (November 27, 2020): 5398. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13235398.

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A chopped ZrO2 fiber (ZrO2(f)) reinforced CaO-based integral ceramic mold was successfully fabricated by stereolithography (SLA) and tert-butyl alcohol (TBA)-based gel-casting, and the effect of chopped ZrO2(f) content on properties of the ceramic mold was investigated. The results show that the ZrO2(f) content had a significant effect on the viscosity of CaO-based ceramic slurry, which directly affects the filling ability of slurry in complex structures of the integral mold. The tiny structures of the ceramic mold cannot be filled completely with a ZrO2(f) content exceeding 3 vol %. The sample fabricated with 3 vol % fiber content showed a harmonious microstructure and exhibited an excellent comprehensive performance with 25 °C bending strength of 22.88 MPa, an 1200 °C bending strength of 15.74 MPa, a 1200 °C deflection of 0.86 mm, and a sintering shrinkage of 0.40%, which can meet the requirements of casting very well.

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Kwon, Hong Kyu, and Jung Sik Kim. "Hybrid Tooling Using High Speed Cutting and Ceramic Filled SLA (StereoLithography Apparatuses) Technologies." Materials Science Forum 544-545 (May 2007): 351–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.544-545.351.

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Getting to the market first” is extremely critical in this competitive business environment. The speed at which products are developed and released to the market is tightly linked to profitability and market share. Many companies that have been very skeptical of Rapid Tooling technologies developed so far are now working on hybrid tooling (HT) that can really meet the market standards. This paper describes how the HT process has been successfully established and effectively applied with ceramic filled SLA (StereoLithography Apparatuses) technologies.

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Santoliquido, Oscar, Francesco Camerota, Marco Pelanconi, Davide Ferri, Martin Elsener, Panayotis Dimopoulos Eggenschwiler, and Alberto Ortona. "Structured Alumina Substrates for Environmental Catalysis Produced by Stereolithography." Applied Sciences 11, no. 17 (September 6, 2021): 8239. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11178239.

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Modern catalysts for internal combustion engine applications are traditionally constituted by honeycomb substrates on which a coating of the catalytically active phase is applied. Due to the laminar flow of the gases passing through their straight channels, these structures present low heat and mass transfer, thus leading to relatively large catalyst sizes to compensate for the low catalytic activity per unit of volume. Better conversion efficiency can be achieved if three-dimensional periodic structures are employed, because of the resulting gases’ tortuous paths. Furthermore, the increased catalytic activity implies a reduction in the overall catalyst volume, which can translate to a decreased usage of precious metals as active phase. By exploiting the ceramic Stereolithography technique (i.e., SLA) it is nowadays possible to accurately 3D print complex alumina-based lattices to be used as ceramic substrates for catalysis. In this work, closed-walls lattices consisting of a rotated cubic cell of 2 mm dimensions were designed, 3D printed via SLA and finally washcoated with V2O5-WO3-TiO2. The samples were tested for the selective catalytic reduction of NO by NH3 in a heated quartz glass reactor and the performance of the innovative 3D-printed substrate was compared with the catalytic efficiency of the conventional cordierite honeycombs.

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Almas, Khalid, Esam Tashkandi, Philippe Aramouni, Elie Zebouni, and Salam Dib. "Fracture Resistance and Failure Location of Zirconium and Metallic Implant Abutments." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 9, no. 7 (2008): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jcdp-9-7-41.

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Abstract Aim The purpose of this study was to evaluate the fracture resistance and failure location of single-tooth, implant-supported, all-ceramic restorations on different implant abutments subjected to a maximum load. Methods and Materials Forty Certain 3i implants and 20 ITI Straumann implants were used in this study in combination with 20 UCLA abutments, 20 ZiReal abutments, and 20 synOcta Ceramic Blanks to form three groups according to abutment type. All 60 abutments were prepared with standard measurements: a 1.0 mm deep chamfer, 2.0 mm of incisal reduction, and a total height of 7 mm. Sixty IPS Empress 2 full ceramic crowns were fabricated and cemented on each abutment with a resin cement. Static loading was simulated under maximum loading and fracture locations were noted. Results The mean load to failure data and standard deviations for the three groups were as follows: Group 1 (792.7 N ± 122.5) and Group 3 (793.6 ± 162.3) showed no significant difference in fracture resistance while the values for specimens in Group 2 (604 N ± 191.1) had the lowest mean value and were significantly lower. In Group 1, 16 crowns and four abutment fractures were reported, while in Group 3, 17 crowns and three abutments fractured. Group 2 actually showed three types of fractures. Two specimen fractures were located at the implant level, six with fractures occuring within the Empress 2 all-ceramic crown, and the remaining 12 failures were located at the abutment level. Conclusion Within the limitations of this laboratory study, the following conclusions were drawn: The mean load-to-failure values for all three groups were well above the reported normal maximal incisal load range. The load to failure for both the zirconium oxide (ZrO2) abutments (ZiReal on 3i Certain implants and synOcta Ceramic Blanks on SLA ITI Straumann implants) had mean fracture loads of 792.7 N (+122.6) and 604.2 N (+191.2), respectively. The zirconium oxide (ZrO2) ZiReal and titanium (UCLA) abutments on the 3i Certain implants had statistically significantly higher fracture loads (792.7 N and 703.7 N, respectively) than those recorded for the 3i Ceramic Blank abutments on the SLA ITI Straumann implant (604.2 N). The ITI Straumann Ceramic Blank abutments showed uniform fracture behavior. Fracture mainly emanated from the cervical buccal aspect of the abutment. Clinical Significance The three abutments tested showed they can withstand clinical loads above the normal range of mastication. Citation Aramouni P, Zebouni E, Tashkandi E, Dib S, Salameh Z, Almas K. Fracture Resistance and Failure Location of Zirconium and Metallic Implant Abutments. J Contemp Dent Pract 2008 November; (9)7:041-048.

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Yang, Qiang, Weijun Zhu, Zhongliang Lu, Dichen Li, Zhongrui Wang, and Fu Wang. "Rapid Fabrication of High-Performance CaO-Based Integral Ceramic Mould by Stereolithography and Non-Aqueous Gelcasting." Materials 12, no. 6 (March 21, 2019): 934. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12060934.

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A high-performance CaO-based integral ceramic mould was fabricated for investment casting by stereolithography (SLA) and non-aqueous gelcasting. The rheology of tert-butyl alcohol (TBA)-based CaO slurries and the effect of gelation parameters on the gelation time and strength of the green body were investigated to obtain a high-quality green body of the CaO-based integral ceramic mould. Then the pre-sintering and sintering processes were optimized to avoid cracks, reduce the sintering shrinkage, and improve the strength of CaO-based ceramic mould. The results showed that the CaO-based slurry with 56 vol % solid loading and 3 wt % dispersant content exhibited high stability and good flowability. The optimized gelation parameters were determined to be a monomer content of 20 wt %, a ratio of crosslinker to monomer of 0.06, an initiator content of 1 wt % and a gelation temperature of 40 °C. A reasonable sintering regime was identified to avoid cracks and guarantee a low shrinkage of 0.6%, a room temperature bending strength of 14.12 MPa and a high temperature (1200 °C) strength of 8.22 MPa. The CaO-based integral ceramic mould fabricated in this study has many advantages including excellent thermal stability, reaction-resistance to molten active alloys, ease of dissolution, and enhanced efficiency and economy in comparison to SiO2 or Al2O3 ceramic moulds.

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Liu, Xiaoyan, Bin Zou, Hongyu Xing, and Chuanzhen Huang. "The preparation of ZrO2-Al2O3 composite ceramic by SLA-3D printing and sintering processing." Ceramics International 46, no. 1 (January 2020): 937–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2019.09.054.

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Chen, Qinghua, Bin Zou, Qingguo Lai, Yang Wang, Runqi Xue, Hongyu Xing, Xiangsong Fu, Chuanzhen Huang, and Peng Yao. "A study on biosafety of HAP ceramic prepared by SLA-3D printing technology directly." Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials 98 (October 2019): 327–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmbbm.2019.06.031.

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Abuhani, Waleed Amin, Nabanita Dasgupta-Schubert, and Luis Manuel Villaseñor Cendejas. "Characterizing fundamental parameter-based analysis for soil–ceramic matrices in polarized energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (PEDXRF) spectrometry." Powder Diffraction 29, no. 2 (May 7, 2014): 159–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s088571561400027x.

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Analytical polarized energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (PEDXRF) spectrometry (PEDXRFS) represents a substantial advancement over conventional XRF. The higher signal-to-noise commensurate with background lowering and better energy resolution, permits trace analysis for elements with Z ≥ 11. Concomitantly, improvements in analytical software based on the fundamental parameters (FP) approach have improved accuracies and precisions for standard-less analysis (SLA). Two ceramic and soil standard reference materials (SRMs), 98a-Plastic Clay and GSS-1 powders, differed in their intrinsic matrix properties of grain size, bulk, and surface monolayer densities as well as the elemental concentrations. The SRMs were analyzed as powder and as pellets compacted under the same pressure conditions to double the bulk density. Different geometries represented by the sample cup (10, 15, and 24 mm) and pellet (10, 15, and 25 mm) diameters with the same sample thickness (with differing masses and aspect ratios), as well as (for powder samples only) identical low masses (0.5 g) but with varying thicknesses, were analyzed. PEDXRFS combined with TURBOQUANT® (TQ) as SLA-FP enables good quantitative analysis for powders (Z ≥ 13) even for masses significantly lower than recommended, for soil–ceramic samples. Pellets (Z ≥ 12) yielded the best accuracy factor (AF) at high aspect ratio and thicknesses of the matrix analytical depth. Binder in pellets depreciates the AF. TQ needs to adequately quantitate matrix interferences effects, to improve accuracy in the analysis of low atomic numbers, e.g. Na and Mg.

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Zhao, Li, Zhaoliang Jiang, Cheng Zhang, and Wenping Liu. "Influence of 3D printing stress wave on residual stress." EPL (Europhysics Letters) 135, no. 6 (September 1, 2021): 64002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/135/64002.

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Abstract As a popular rapid manufacturing technology, three-dimensional printing (3D printing) has been widely adopted in medical, automotive, aerospace, construction and other industrial fields. The stereo lithography apparatus (SLA) is an effective 3D printing method for ceramic printing. However, shrinkage from monomer to polymer and laser stress wave cause residual stress in the formed parts during SLA. Serious quality defects including cracks, warpage and deformation caused by residual stress have remained to be a problem. Basically, the laser stress wave plays an important role in the generation of 3D printing residual stress. In this work, to investigate the propagation mechanism of the laser stress wave, the finite element method was adopted to simulate the SLA process of zirconia. The influence of 3D printing factors on the residual stress was obtained, and we found that the wave velocity of the stress wave obtained by the simulation model was highly consistent with the theoretical wave velocity. Meanwhile, the attenuation formula of the stress wave in the 3D printing process was obtained by fitting to investigate its attenuation law. Based on the above results, the attenuation law of the 3D printing stress wave has a direct influence on the development and variation trend of its residual stress.

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Karatza, Anna, Panagiotis Zouboulis, Iakovos Gavalas, Dionisis Semitekolos, Artemis Kontiza, Melpo Karamitrou, Elias P. Koumoulos, and Costas Charitidis. "SLA Resins Modification by Liquid Mixing with Ceramic Powders Aiming at Mechanical Property and Thermal Stability Enhancement for Rapid Tooling Applications." Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing 6, no. 6 (October 26, 2022): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmmp6060129.

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Stereolithography (SL) additive manufacturing process provides increased dimensional precision, smooth surface finish and printing resolution range in the order of magnitude of 100 μm, allowing to obtain intricate 3D geometries. The incorporation of ceramic-based inclusions within liquid resins enhances the thermal and mechanical properties of the final 3D printed component while improving the surface finishing of the final parts; in this way, it expands the range of process applications and reduces the post-processing steps. The proposed approach investigates the bulk modification of commercial SLA resins mixed with ceramic powders of Al2O3 (grain size 1–10 μm) and SiO2 (grain size 55–75 nm) aiming to improve 3D printed parts performance in terms of mechanical properties, dimensional stability and surface finishing compared with pure, unmodified resins. The produced materials were used for the development of inserts for injection moulding and were examined for their performance during the injection moulding process. The addition of particles in the nano- and micro-range is being employed to improve parts performance for rapid tooling applications whilst maintaining 3D printing accuracy, thermal and mechanical properties as well as achieving a smooth surface finishing compared with unmodified resins.

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Sakulpaptong, Wichurat, Isabelle A. Clairmonte, Britani N. Blackstone, Binnaz Leblebicioglu, and Heather M. Powell. "3D engineered human gingiva fabricated with electrospun collagen scaffolds provides a platform for in vitro analysis of gingival seal to abutment materials." PLOS ONE 17, no. 2 (February 3, 2022): e0263083. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0263083.

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In order to advance models of human oral mucosa towards routine use, these models must faithfully mimic the native tissue structure while also being scalable and cost efficient. The goal of this study was to develop a low-cost, keratinized human gingival model with high fidelity to human attached gingiva and demonstrate its utility for studying the implant-tissue interface. Primary human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) and keratinocytes (HGK) were isolated from clinically healthy gingival biopsies. Four matrices, electrospun collagen (ES), decellularized dermis (DD), type I collagen gels (Gel) and released type I collagen gels (Gel-R)) were tested to engineer lamina propria and gingiva. HGF viability was similar in all matrices except for Gel-R, which was significantly decreased. Cell penetration was largely limited to the top layers of all matrices. Histomorphometrically, engineered human gingiva was found to have similar appearance to the native normal human gingiva except absence of rete pegs. Immunohistochemical staining for cell phenotype, differentiation and extracellular matrix composition and organization within 3D engineered gingiva made with electrospun collagen was mostly in agreement with normal gingival tissue staining. Additionally, five types of dental material posts (5-mm diameter x 3-mm height) with different surface characteristics were used [machined titanium, SLA (sandblasted-acid etched) titanium, TiN-coated (titanium nitride-coated) titanium, ceramic, and PEEK (Polyetheretherketone) to investigate peri-implant soft tissue attachment studied by histology and SEM. Engineered epithelial and stromal tissue migration to the implant-gingival tissue interface was observed in machined, SLA, ceramic, and PEEK groups, while TiN was lacking attachment. Taken together, the results suggest that electrospun collagen scaffolds provide a scalable, reproducible and cost-effective lamina propria and 3D engineered gingiva that can be used to explore biomaterial-soft tissue interface.

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Bohner, Lauren, Norbert Meier, Felix Gremse, Pedro Tortamano, Johannes Kleinheinz, and Marcel Hanisch. "Magnetic resonance imaging artifacts produced by dental implants with different geometries." Dentomaxillofacial Radiology 49, no. 8 (December 1, 2020): 20200121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1259/dmfr.20200121.

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Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the MRI-artifact pattern produced by titanium and zirconia dental implants with different geometries (diameter and height). Methods: Three titanium (Titan SLA, Straumann) and three zirconia (Pure Ceramic Implant, Straumann) dental implants differing on their design (diameter x height) were installed in porcine bone samples. Samples were scanned with a MRI (3T, T1W turbo spin echo sequence, TR/TE 25/3.5ms, voxel size 0.22×0.22×0.50 mm, scan time 11:18). Micro-CT was used as control group (80kV, 125mA, voxel size 16µm). Artifacts’ distribution was measured at vestibular and lingual sites, mesial and distal sites, and at the apex. Statistical analysis was performed with Within-ANOVA (p=0.05). Results: Artifacts distribution measured 2.57 ± 1.09 mm for titanium artifacts and 0.37 ± 0.20 mm for zirconia artifacts (p<0.05). Neither the measured sites (p=0.73) nor the implant geometries (p=0.43) influenced the appearance of artifacts. Conclusion: Artifacts were higher for titanium than zirconia implants. The artifacts pattern was similar for different dental implant geometries.

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Iskanderova, Aysulu D., and Sadulla T. Saipov. "About Some Types of Black Polished Ceramics from Medieval Settlements in the South Aral Sea Region." Povolzhskaya Arkheologiya (The Volga River Region Archaeology) 4, no. 42 (December 23, 2022): 126–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.24852/pa2022.4.42.126.136.

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The spread of high-quality non-glazed ceramics testifies to the development of ceramic craft in the South Aral Sea region of the medieval period. The morphological features and functional purpose of grey-clay ceramics with black polishing: jugs, pot-shaped vessels and tripod dishes are mainly described. Types, forms and especially ornaments and their analogies in comparison with other regions of this period are analyzed. High-quality pottery served as a household inventory in the medieval feudal life of the South Aral Sea region settlements. Some types of high-quality ceramics were exported from settlements of the mentioned region to neighboring territories. This led, on the one hand, to the widespread use of vessels with black polishing in everyday life, on the other hand, had an influence on the development of local ceramic craft. The mass of the material indicates that in the medieval South Aral Sea region settlements there were several ceramic workshops, producing high-quality products for both external and internal markets.

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Song, Se, Min Park, Jung Lee, and Ji Yun. "A Study on the Rheological and Mechanical Properties of Photo-Curable Ceramic/Polymer Composites with Different Silane Coupling Agents for SLA 3D Printing Technology." Nanomaterials 8, no. 2 (February 7, 2018): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano8020093.

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Okolie, Obinna, Iwona Stachurek, Balasubramanian Kandasubramanian, and James Njuguna. "3D Printing for Hip Implant Applications: A Review." Polymers 12, no. 11 (November 13, 2020): 2682. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12112682.

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There is a rising demand for replacement, regeneration of tissues and organ repairs for patients who suffer from diseased/damaged bones or tissues such as hip pains. The hip replacement treatment relies on the implant, which may not always meet the requirements due to mechanical and biocompatibility issues which in turn may aggravate the pain. To surpass these limitations, researchers are investigating the use of scaffolds as another approach for implants. Three-dimensional (3D) printing offers significant potential as an efficient fabrication technique on personalized organs as it is capable of biomimicking the intricate designs found in nature. In this review, the determining factors for hip replacement and the different fabrication techniques such as direct 3D printing, Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM), Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) and stereolithography (SLA) for hip replacement. The study also covers surface modifications of 3D printed implants and provides an overview on 3D tissue regeneration. To appreciate the current conventional hip replacement practices, the conventional metallic and ceramic materials are covered, highlighting their rationale as the material of choice. Next, the challenges, ethics and trends in the implants’ 3D printing are covered and conclusions drawn. The outlook and challenges are also presented here. The knowledge from this review indicates that 3D printing has enormous potential for providing a pathway for a sustainable hip replacement.

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Rigo, Leone, Alessandro Viscioni, Maurizio Franco, Riccardo Guidi, Laura Strohmenger, Giorgio Brunelli, and Francesco Carinci. "Overdentures on implants placed in bone augmented with fresh frozen bone." Serbian Dental Journal 56, no. 1 (2009): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sgs0901007r.

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Introduction In the last decade several studies have been performed to evaluate the clinical outcome of one or two stage loaded implants supporting overdentures. Aim Since fresh frozen bone (FFB) has an ever-increasing number of clinical applications and few reports are available on implants inserted into FFB, we performed a retrospective study on fixtures inserted in FFB and bearing overdentures. Methods In the period between December 2003 and December 2006, 17 patients (14 females and 3 males with a median age of about 56 years) were grafted and 60 implants inserted thereafter. A total of 17 overdentures were delivered: 8 in the mandible and 9 in the maxilla. Multiple implant systems were used: 22 Double etched, 7 SLA, 9 Anodic oxidized, and 22 CaPo4 ceramic-blasted. Implant diameter ranged from 3.25 to 4.3 mm and length from 11.5 to 16.0 mm. Implants were inserted to replace 23 incisors, 9 cuspids, 20 premolars and 8 molars. Results No implants were lost (i.e. survival rate = 100%) and no differences were detected among the studied variables. Kaplan Meier algorithm and Cox regression did not reveal any statistical differences among the studied variables also as regards the success rate. Conclusion Implants inserted FFB and bearing overdentures have a high survival rate and success rates, which are comparable to those of implants inserted in non-grafted bone. FFB bone is a reliable material for alveolar ridge augmentation. No difference was detected among removable prostheses supported by 2 or more implants.

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Sabbatini, Beatrice, Alessandra Cambriani, Marco Cespi, Giovanni Filippo Palmieri, Diego Romano Perinelli, and Giulia Bonacucina. "An Overview of Natural Polymers as Reinforcing Agents for 3D Printing." ChemEngineering 5, no. 4 (November 8, 2021): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemengineering5040078.

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Three-dimensional (3D) printing, or additive manufacturing, is a group of innovative technologies that are increasingly employed for the production of 3D objects in different fields, including pharmaceutics, engineering, agri-food and medicines. The most processed materials by 3D printing techniques (e.g., fused deposition modelling, FDM; selective laser sintering, SLS; stereolithography, SLA) are polymeric materials since they offer chemical resistance, are low cost and have easy processability. However, one main drawback of using these materials alone (e.g., polylactic acid, PLA) in the manufacturing process is related to the poor mechanical and tensile properties of the final product. To overcome these limitations, fillers can be added to the polymeric matrix during the manufacturing to act as reinforcing agents. These include inorganic or organic materials such as glass, carbon fibers, silicon, ceramic or metals. One emerging approach is the employment of natural polymers (polysaccharides and proteins) as reinforcing agents, which are extracted from plants or obtained from biomasses or agricultural/industrial wastes. The advantages of using these natural materials as fillers for 3D printing are related to their availability together with the possibility of producing printed specimens with a smaller environmental impact and higher biodegradability. Therefore, they represent a “green option” for 3D printing processing, and many studies have been published in the last year to evaluate their ability to improve the mechanical properties of 3D printed objects. The present review provides an overview of the recent literature regarding natural polymers as reinforcing agents for 3D printing.

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Chiolino, N., A. M. Francis, J. Holmes, M. Barlow, and C. Perkowski. "470 Celsius Packaging System for Silicon Carbide Electronics." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2021, HiTEC (April 1, 2021): 000083–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2380-4491.2021.hitec.000083.

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Abstract High temperature Silicon Carbide (SiC) integrated circuit (IC) processes have enabled devices that operate at >450°C for more than a year. These results have established the need for more advanced and practical packaging strategies. Off the shelf state of the art packages cannot withstand the same high temperatures as the semiconductor can for long periods of time. Packaging SiC die to survive temperatures >450°C, while also maintaining a reasonable packaging strategy that is agile, rapid, and modular, presents new challenges. Presented is a technique for packaging SiC die with a focus on additive manufacturing, modular design scaling, and rugged survivability. This packaging strategy utilizes state of the art Additive Manufacturing (AM) methods, using an nScrypt 3Dn-Tabletop printer, together with stereolithography (SLA) digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing. Ultra-violet (UV) curable ceramic resins are used to create high temperature connectors. A design environment is also described, in which first time correct, interconnect layers are verified in software to reduce the risk of errors. A Ceramic Wiring Board Process Design Kit (CWBPDK) allows the design of single or multiple layers of metal, with fabricated SiC die. This interconnect is verified with standard design rule checking (DRC) and layout vs. schematic (LVS) software. Entire systems in packages can be verified using multiple SiC die. Input and output pins (I/O) are connected to these modules using metal connectors. After design, manufacturing can be performed in just a few days. A system in package for driving a stepper motor was designed and fabricated using this packaging method. The motor actuator design utilizes four separate SiC die. These die contain large JFETs designed for sourcing current in a unipolar stepper motor architecture. This module was placed in a furnace at 470°C and demonstrated functional operation for over 1000 hours. These devices were able to source an average of 30 mA in >400°C temperatures to drive the room temperature stepper motor. A high I/O count, next generation package for discrete SiC chips was also designed using this packaging system. A single large JFET component was soaked for over 100 hours at both 500°C and 800°C. Utilizing Ozark IC’s automated test design environment, several DC and transient variables were captured for both tests and will be presented.

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Amaral, S. P., and G. H. Domingues. "Oily Wastes Application in Ceramic Materials Manufacturing." Water Science and Technology 24, no. 12 (December 1, 1991): 165–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1991.0381.

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The application of oily residues produced by PETRÓLEO BRASILEIRO S.A. -PETROBRÁS in the manufacturing of ceramic bricks appears as a promising alternative of their reutilization, in comparison with the traditional method of storage in ponds or dikes and to the biodégradation process by landfarming. The application of said residues started experimentally in 1988, in a ceramic bricks factory located in the Paraíba do Sul Valley, State of São Paulo, near the Henrique Lage Refinery (REVAP). In mid-1989, the Presidente Bernardes Refinery (RPBC), the Capuava Refinery (RECAP) and the Petroleum Products Terminals of São Paulo (TEDEP) started sending oily residues to factories participating in the Red Ceramics Association of Itu and its Region (ACERVIR). As an advantage of this process, almost all the costs with disposal of said residues are eliminated for PETROBRÁS; on the other hand, the reduction in maintenance costs, lower energy consumption, and a significant increase in production are advantages for the ceramics factories.

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Guerra, Antonio J., Hernan Lara-Padilla, Matthew L. Becker, Ciro A. Rodriguez, and David Dean. "Photopolymerizable Resins for 3D-Printing Solid-Cured Tissue Engineered Implants." Current Drug Targets 20, no. 8 (May 10, 2019): 823–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389450120666190114122815.

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With the advent of inexpensive and highly accurate 3D printing devices, a tremendous flurry of research activity has been unleashed into new resorbable, polymeric materials that can be printed using three approaches: hydrogels for bioprinting and bioplotting, sintered polymer powders, and solid cured (photocrosslinked) resins. Additionally, there is a race to understand the role of extracellular matrix components and cell signalling molecules and to fashion ways to incorporate these materials into resorbable implants. These chimeric materials along with microfluidic devices to study organs or create labs on chips, are all receiving intense attention despite the limited number of polymer systems that can accommodate the biofabrication processes necessary to render these constructs. Perhaps most telling is the limited number of photo-crosslinkable, resorbable polymers and fabrication additives (e.g., photoinitiators, solvents, dyes, dispersants, emulsifiers, or bioactive molecules such as micro-RNAs, peptides, proteins, exosomes, micelles, or ceramic crystals) available to create resins that have been validated as biocompatible. Advances are needed to manipulate 4D properties of 3D printed scaffolds such as pre-implantation cell culture, mechanical properties, resorption kinetics, drug delivery, scaffold surface functionalization, cell attachment, cell proliferation, cell maturation, or tissue remodelling; all of which are necessary for regenerative medicine applications along with expanding the small set of materials in clinical use. This manuscript presents a review of the foundation of the most common photopolymerizable resins for solidcured scaffolds and medical devices, namely, polyethylene glycol (PEG), poly(D, L-lactide) (PDLLA), poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL), and poly(propylene fumarate) (PPF), along with methodological advances for 3D Printing tissue engineered implants (e.g., via stereolithography [SLA], continuous Digital Light Processing [cDLP], and Liquid Crystal Display [LCD]).

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Kulkova, Marianna A., Maya T. Kashuba, Aleksandr M. Kulkov, and Maria N. Vetrova. "Pottery of Early Iron Age from the Glinjeni II-La Șanț (North-Western Pontic Sea Region): Composition, Technology and Raw Material Sources." Heritage 4, no. 4 (September 29, 2021): 2853–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage4040160.

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Transition to the Early Iron Age was marked by the appearance of innovations such as iron technology and changes in the lifestyle of local societies on the territory of the North-Western Pontic Sea region. One of the most interesting sites of this period is the Glinjeni II-La Șanț fortified settlement, located in the Middle Dniester basin (Republic of Moldova). Materials of different cultural traditions belonged to the Cozia-Saharna culture (10th–9th cc. BC) and the Basarabi-Șoldănești culture (8th–beginning of 7th cc. BC) were found on this site. The article presents the results of a multidisciplinary approach to the study of ceramic sherds from these archaeological complexes and cultural layers as well as raw clay sources from this area. The archaeometry analysis, such as the XRF-WD, the thin section analysis, SEM-EDX of ceramics, m-CT of pottery were carried out. The study of ancient pottery through a set of mineralogical and geochemical analytic methods allowed us to obtain new results about ceramic technology in different chronological periods, ceramic paste recipes and firing conditions. Correlation of archaeological and archaeometry data of ceramics from the Glinjeni II-La Șanț site gives us the possibility to differ earlier and later chronological markers in the paste recipes of pottery of 10th–beginning of 7th cc. BC in the region of the Middle Dniester basin.

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WANG, Chengpeng, Shenghui WANG, Haizeng WANG, Guoling RUAN, Yexiang XIAO, Zuguang JIANG, and Xiupeng LI. "Research Status and Prospects of Tribological Behaviors of Key Friction Pairs of Materials in Marine Equipment." Materials Science 27, no. 2 (May 5, 2021): 148–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j02.ms.22504.

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Marine environment provides a basic space for human survival and social sustainable development. The study of tribological problems and mechanism of marine engineering materials in the sea extreme environment has become one of key technologies to be developed urgently in the field of marine engineering. This review summarizes and analyzes the tribological research of key friction materials in marine environment, focuses on tribological properties of ceramic, polymer and metal, emphatically introduces the current situation and development trend of tribological research in marine environment, such as metal and metal pairs, ceramics and metal pairs, polymers and metal pairs, polymers and ceramic pairs, and aims to provide a tutorial reference for the selection and application of friction pairs of marine engineering equipment.

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Roth, Roman Ernst. "Black-gloss wares from the acropolis of Capena (La Civitucola, provincia di Roma)." Papers of the British School at Rome 74 (November 2006): 119–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s006824620000324x.

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CERAMICA A VERNICE NERA DALL'ACROPOLI DI CAPENA (LA CIVITUCOLA, PROVINCIA DI ROMA)Con questo articolo si pubblica la ceramica a vernice nera scoperta durante una serie di scavi condotti alla Civitucola dal Gruppo Archeologico Romano durante i primi anni Novanta del secolo scorso. Il materiale (ca. 500 frammenti diagnostici) coprono un arco cronologico di oltre 200 anni, dagli inizi del IV al tardo II secolo a.C, con un picco di presenze durante i decenni centrali di quest'ultimo secolo. Tale aspetto riguarda sia la ceramica a vernice nera importata, sia quella destinata alla commercializzazione locale, che, piuttosto che sovrapporsi nei dettagli morfalogici, tendi a ricorrere in forme specifiche con corpo ceramico distinto. Di particolare interesse a questo riguardo è la pasta principale prodotta localmente (pasta n. I). La ceramica prodotta con questo pasta combina gli stili tradizionali di Capena con elementi comunemente riscontrati nella ceramica a vernice nera in altre parti dell'Italia centrale, ma senza copiare lo stile dei tipi principali della ceramica importata (pasta V). L'articolo conclude con il suggerimento che questi modelli, paragonabili con altre situazioni in Italia centrale, siano studiati nell'ambito del contesto della crescente diversificazione culturale a livello regionale all'interno del più ampio processo storico della romanizzazione d'Italia.

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Elnahas, Rehab. "Aesthetic Values the Color Blue Prevailing on the Ottoman Ceramic Artifacts: A Study in Islamic Heritage and the Arts." Journal of Arts and Social Sciences [JASS] 7, no. 3 (December 1, 2016): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jass.vol7iss3pp167-194.

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The blue color on the Ottoman ceramic artifacts can be studied from the perspectives of different sciences: in terms of color aesthetics, which is a kind of philosophy of beauty, or as part of the science of photography and graphics. Additionally, for some communities the importance of this color lies at the heart of anthropology, but it is also at the core Islamic art and archeology. Blue is one of the original colors that humans have known since ancient times. It is associated with the elements of nature as it symbolizes the sky, sea, and serenity. This color is especially important in popular beliefs as we find a lot of amulets that use the blue color especially those which are believed to avert the eyes of envy. The blue color has appeared on many of the Ottoman Islamic artifacts, especially ceramic artifacts, since ceramics were among the most used materials in life which expressed the social and intellectual life of both artists and manufacturers. The research will analyze the importance of the blue color of ceramic artifacts in the study of heritage and archaeology and how these blue decorative elements on these ceramic pieces relate to social life.

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Bellie, Viswanath, Joghee Suresh, and Lingaraj Ragunath. "HVOF Sprayed Mullite Coatings for Use In Extreme Environments." Journal of Thermal Spray and Engineering 2, no. 1 (2020): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.52687/2582-1474/212.

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Products used in industry and marine applications are exposed to extreme environments like high heat, humidity, acidic or alkaline or hyper saline environment, UV and IR radiation. Metals with good corrosion and oxidation resistance may be used but are restricted to Ni and Cr alloys, titanium and super alloys etc., which are costly and have their limitations. Hence ceramic coatings on low cost metals may be an answer to this problem. Ceramics are inherently chemically inert, high temperature resistant, corrosion and oxidation resistant. Flame spraying of ceramics is a good and reliable method for applying ceramic coatings on metallic substrates with good bond strength (> 80 MPa) and 1% porosity. In this work, HVOF technique is applied to obtain 100 microns thick mullite coatings on MS substrates with a NiCr bond coat. Mullite has a high oxidation and corrosion resistance. It is chemically inert. It has high temperature resistance even at 2000 C. These properties are ideal for industrial components exposed to salty environments. Characterization studies like XRD, SEM/EDS, Corrosion tests using polarization technique, coating thickness and surface roughness have been studied and reported. A corrosion rate of 1.55 mm/ year has been achieved in a sea water environment.

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Sidik, Rahmad Fajar, and Makhfud Efendy. "ADIRAMA: PRODUCTION AND USE OF THE SALT ADDITIVE OF MADURA." Jurnal Pena Sains 6, no. 1 (April 30, 2019): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21107/jps.v6i1.5258.

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Salt of Madura is a unique product and dominates in the local and regional markets. It is the result of sweat and sweat from local youth in seeking and living life. The process of using salt additives is an idea that arises because naturally the people of Madura have used it, which is adding trusion in terms of facing the water process that it has. The sea water that experiences the process of adding additives has the highest NaCl, ceramics land 96.02%, LDPE land 95.72% and soil area 93.81%. Whereas those who were not treated had lower NaCl, 93.94% ceramics, LDPE 92.65% and soil 87.78%. And for some treatments for some treatments heavier than others, namely ceramic additives 47.65 Kg, additive LDPE 49.15 Kg, and additive soil 32.50 Kg. While the soil that is not treated is mostly lower in salt, non-additive ceramics 46.75Kg, non-additive LDPE 50.75 Kg and non-additive soil 26.95 Kg.

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Calata, Jesus Noel, Guo-Quan Lu, and Tze-Jer Chuang. "Constrained sintering of glass, glass-ceramic and ceramic coatings on metal substrates." Surface and Interface Analysis 31, no. 7 (2001): 673–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.1093.

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Zolotarenko, O. D., E. P. Rudakova, A. D. Zolotarenko, N. Y. Akhanova, M. N. Ualkhanova, D. V. Shchur, M. T. Gabdullin, et al. "Platinum-containing carbon nanostructures for the creation of electrically conductive ceramics using 3D printing of CJP technology." Himia, Fizika ta Tehnologia Poverhni 13, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 259–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/hftp13.03.259.

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Carbon nanostructures (CNS) were synthesized by the electric arc plasma chemical method during the evaporation of a high-quality graphite electrode of the brand “fine-grained dense graphite” (FGDG-7) filled with a catalyst (Pt), which was evaporated in a helium environment. In the synthesis process, the following were synthesized: multi-walled (MWCNT) and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT), fullerenes, graphene packets and nanocomposites. A deposit in the form of growth on the cathode electrode was also synthesized. All synthesis products were analyzed at the micro- and nanolevels, which made it possible to analyze the influence of platinum vapors on the formation of carbon nanomaterials (CNM). The non-uniform distribution of catalyst atoms (platinum) in the products of electrochemical synthesis in a gas medium using FGDG-7 graphite was investigated. During the analysis, it was found that platinum is in the state of the face-centered cubic (FCC) lattice and is distributed in the synthesis products as follows: the core of the deposit is less than < 0.001 %, the shell of the deposit is less than < 1 %, the wall soot is more than > 1 %. The morphology and composition of the platinum deposit, which has a hexagonal graphite structure with an admixture of a rhombohedral graphite phase, was studied. In the studies, differential thermal analysis in air (TG, DTG, DTA) was carried out, which made it possible to identify the composition of the synthesis products. It is an established fact that the parts of the deposit with platinum are more heat-resistant compared to the deposit components that do not contain Pt. The resulting carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in diameter (5–25 nm) and length (1.5–2 μm) do not differ from those obtained without the participation of platinum, except for some anomalies. When studying the suitability of platinum-containing carbon nanostructures for 3D printing of CJP (ceramic printing) technology, it was found that for the use of platinum-containing carbon black, it is necessary to carry out a preliminary short-term treatment, namely, grinding in special “ball mills” or rubbing through a fine sieve with minimal effort to create uniformity product. Previous studies have shown that such platinum-containing carbon nanostructures can already be used in 3D printing of CJP technology, or to create new composites for 3D printing technologies of FDM, SLA.

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Stefanovsky, Sergey V., Vladimir V. Lebedev, Alexander G. Ptashkin, Sergey A. Dmitriev, and James C. Marra. "Cold Crucible Inductive Melting Technology – Application to Vitrification and Ceramization of High Level and Actinide Wastes." Advances in Science and Technology 73 (October 2010): 183–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.73.183.

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Cold crucible inductive melting is a promising method for production of high-temperature materials. The method is based on direct heating of conductive materials by high-frequency (105-107 Hz) electromagnetic field from an external source. Application of the CCIM to production of vitreous borosilicate and alumino/iron phosphate and ceramic waste forms such as Synroc and its varieties and pyrochlore, murataite and garnet-based ceramics has been successfully demonstrated. Currently a full-scale low level waste vitrification plant based on a 418 mm inner diameter cold crucibles energized from a 1.76MHz/160 kW generators is under operation at SIA Radon. This plant was used for demonstration of feasibility of cold crucible vitrification of Savannah River Site high-iron and high iron/aluminum high level wastes. Numerous ceramic and glass ceramic materials containing high level and actinide waste surrogates such as actinide and actinide/rare earth fractions of high level waste have been successfully produced in the Radon lab- and bench-scale cold crucible based units operated at 5.28 and 1.76 MHz. Large-scale cold crucibles may be applied for vitrification of liquid and solid low and high level wastes whereas small-scale cold crucible may be efficiently used for immobilization of actinide-bearing waste generated from advanced nuclear fuel cycle reprocessing.

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Kocaağaoğlu, Hasan Hüseyin, and Ayşegül Gürbulak. "An assessment of shear bond strength between ceramic repair systems and different ceramic infrastructures." Scanning 37, no. 4 (April 23, 2015): 300–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sca.21213.

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Garbov, Dragomir, and Kroum Batchvarov. "Served on a Plate: A Late Medieval Ceramic Vessel with Sgraffito Decoration of a Sailing Ship from the Ropotamo Underwater Excavations, Black Sea, Bulgaria." Heritage 5, no. 1 (January 12, 2022): 170–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage5010010.

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We report on the interpretation of a late medieval Eastern Mediterranean glazed ceramic vessel with sgraffito decoration depicting a sailing ship. The artefact represents a chance find that was recovered outside the excavation area of the Ropotamo underwater archaeological excavations on the Southern Bulgarian Black Sea Coast in 2017. Fragments of late medieval sgraffito-decorated ceramics with depictions of sailing ships are rare. Complete examples can be considered exceptional. The Ropotamo artefact is of particular interest due to the freehand execution of its decoration, which suggests some understanding of contemporary ship proportions and seafaring practices on behalf of the artisan. The specimen is analyzed against similar artefacts and discussed in the context of maritime graffiti from the Black Sea and Eastern Mediterranean regions. The aim is to establish its potential for studying archaeological ceramics and evaluate the extent to which the decoration reflects aspects of Eastern Mediterranean maritime culture of the late Byzantine and early post-Byzantine periods. More research is required to appreciate the full potential of the Ropotamo artefact. A hypothesis for origin, dating and significance has been proposed. However, due to a shortage of published parallels, it may be subject to further refinements in the future in case more stratified similis are identified.

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Hosson, Jeff Th M. De, and Bart J. Kooi. "Metal/ceramic interfaces: a microscopic analysis." Surface and Interface Analysis 31, no. 7 (2001): 637–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.1091.

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Portinha, A., V. Teixeira, A. Monteiro, M. F. Costa, N. Lima, J. Martins, and D. Martinez. "Surface analysis of nanocomposite ceramic coatings." Surface and Interface Analysis 35, no. 9 (2003): 723–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.1570.

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Kim, Min-Su, Min-Ho Hong, Bong-Ki Min, Young-Kyung Kim, Hyun-Jun Shin, and Tae-Yub Kwon. "Microstructure, Flexural Strength, and Fracture Toughness Comparison between CAD/CAM Milled and 3D-Printed Zirconia Ceramics." Applied Sciences 12, no. 18 (September 9, 2022): 9088. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12189088.

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The present study comprehensively compared the microstructure, flexural strength, and fracture toughness of zirconia ceramics prepared via two different methods, subtractive milling (SM) and stereolithography (SLA). Disc- or rectangular-shaped zirconia specimens (Prettau (SM) and 3DMix Zirconia (SLA)) were prepared following each manufacturer’s instructions and polished. The microstructures of the two different zirconia specimens were studied by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and electron backscattered diffractometry. The flexural strength and fracture toughness based on the indentation fracture method were measured for the two different zirconia ceramics. A greater number of small pores and smaller grains were found in the SLA specimen than in the SM specimen. The crystal structure and microstructure analysis revealed that both ceramics had a similar phase composition to each other. No significant differences in flexural strength (p = 0.242) or fracture toughness (p = 0.101) were detected between the two ceramics. The mean flexural strength of the SLA-fabricated zirconia as well as the SM zirconia satisfied the class 5 criteria (>800 MPa) in the ISO 6872 standard.

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German, Konstantin Enrikovich, and Nadezhda Valentinovna Lobanova. "Kargopol ceramics: a separate type or a variety of pit-comb ceramics (on the example of materials from the settlements of Karelia)?" Samara Journal of Science 10, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 211–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv2021101205.

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The purpose of this study is to consider the phenomenon of Kargopol ceramics in Karelia, which is manifested in its bright originality, sharp difference from other types of Neolithic ware and the vastness of the area-from Lake Onega in the west to the Pechora River in the east and from the Southern White Sea in the north to the southern limits of the Vologda Region in the south. There are 20 known settlements in Karelia, the complexes of which contain Kargopol ceramics with a total number of 275 vessels. The center of this layer of antiquities is Lake Vodlozero, located near the border of Karelia with the Arkhangelsk Region. Most Kargopol vessels have a straight flat-cut corolla with short and shallow notches applied from the outer and inner edges, below there is a horizontal belt of pits or punctures. There are six variants of ornamentation, three of which include elements of pit-comb and comb dishes. The authors think that the concentration of Kargopol vessels on the monuments of eastern Karelia, mainly in the complexes with pit-comb ceramics of the middle stage of development in the lake basin Vodlozera, and its almost complete absence in other areas of Karelia indicates the penetration of a similar ceramic tradition from the Eastern Prionezh Region, where it was first isolated. Based on the available modern data, it is still difficult to talk about the independent existence of Kargopol ceramics in the Neolithic of Karelia.

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Kotova, Nadezhda, Olha Demchenko, and Dmytro Kiosak. "Innovations of the Beginning of the Sixth Millennium BC in the Northern Pontic Steppe." Open Archaeology 7, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 1529–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opar-2020-0185.

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Abstract This study focuses on the pottery-bearing (“Neolithic”) sites of the northern Azov Sea region. The vessels ornamented with comb imprints appeared there in the sixth millennium BC. In the light of a recent re-dating of the Rakushechny Yar site sequence, the sites of the northern Azov region appeared to be the earliest evidence for this innovation. The innovation in the ceramic assemblage is accompanied by an innovative lithic tool set. The latter included macro-blades and fan-shaped end-scrapers, which were previously unknown in the studied region. Their reanalysis (including new field work at the single-layer site of Chapaevka) helped formulate a hypothesis of maritime transmission of comb-ornamented ceramics in the Black and Azov Sea. This hypothesis will stimulate further discussions regarding the ways of Neolithization in Eastern Europe. It underlines the connections between Balkan “classic” Neolithic and pottery-bearing sites of the Ukrainian Steppe. The impressed ware from Makri and other mainland Greek sites is treated as the closest analogy to the finds of the northern Azov Sea region.

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Oziel Méndez Guerero, D., B. Alicia Vázquez Méndez, and A. Álvarez Méndez. "Obtención de un material vitrocerámico a partir de una escoria de acería mezclada con vidrio de desecho." Boletín de la Sociedad Española de Cerámica y Vidrio 50, no. 3 (June 30, 2011): 143–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/cyv.192011.

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Kulkova, M., T. Gusentzova, E. Nesterov, P. Sorokin, and T. Sapelko. "Chronology of Neolithic-Early Metal Age Sites at the Okhta River Mouth (Saint Petersburg, Russia)." Radiocarbon 54, no. 3-4 (2012): 1049–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200047664.

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The unique archaeological monument of Okhta 1 (Neolithic-Early Metal Age) was excavated in 2008 in central Saint Petersburg (Russia). Radiocarbon and wiggle-match dating of organic materials and artifacts (charcoal wood samples and ceramic food crusts) from lithological and cultural layers helped to determine the main stages of cultural-historical processes and paleogeographical events in the coastal zone of the Baltic Sea bay during the Holocene. Humans occupied the Okhta Cape from 4200–3600 cal BC, after the Littorina Sea regression. Prehistoric people of the Middle-Late Neolithic, identified by their characteristic Pit Combed Ware ceramics, used this territory for fishing and hunting. The wood pile constructions used for fishing in 3500 cal BC were built on the coast and in river channels. From 3200–3000 cal BC, settlements and burials appeared of the Late Neolithic-Early Metal Age. The strategic geographical position of this territory was favorable for trade activity, fishing, and hunting, and shaped important interactions for different cultural groups.

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Amaral, Igor BC, Luis Carlos D. Cavalcante, José D. Fabris, Bernat V. Prat, and Arlete B. Reis. "Use of Mining Tailings or Their Sedimentation and Flotation Fractions in a Mixture with Soil to Produce Structural Ceramics." Sustainability 13, no. 2 (January 18, 2021): 911. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13020911.

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The ceramic materials industry has vast potential for use of waste from industrial processes, such as iron mining tailings. The aim of this study was to test technological use of tailings samples from the dam rupture of the Samarco S.A. Company in 2015 to produce structural ceramics. Sedimentation and flotation processes were used to improve their characteristics, analyzing their chemical and mineralogical composition and granulometry. We produced 48 samples with a mixture of soil and residues in proportions of 10, 20, and 30 wt%, with sintering at 950 °C. The results showed that co-processing of iron mining tailings can be considered viable for improving certain aspects of some technological properties. The maximum amount of residue used was 30 wt% for any of the fractions used, as above this concentration the specimens lose important characteristics.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Ceramic SLA'

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