Relevant bibliographies by topics / Ceramic SLA

Academic literature on the topic 'Ceramic SLA'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 30 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Ceramic SLA"

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Altun, Altan Alpay, Thomas Prochaska, Thomas Konegger, and Martin Schwentenwein. "Dense, Strong, and Precise Silicon Nitride-Based Ceramic Parts by Lithography-Based Ceramic Manufacturing." Applied Sciences 10, no. 3 (February 3, 2020): 996. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10030996.

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Due to the high level of light absorption and light scattering of dark colored powders connected with the high refractive indices of ceramic particles, the majority of ceramics studied via stereolithography (SLA) have been light in color, including ceramics such as alumina, zirconia and tricalcium phosphate. This article focuses on a lithography-based ceramic manufacturing (LCM) method for β-SiAlON ceramics that are derived from silicon nitride and have excellent material properties for high temperature applications. This study demonstrates the general feasibility of manufacturing of silicon nitride-based ceramic parts by LCM for the first time and combines the advantages of SLA, such as the achievable complexity and low surface roughness (Ra = 0.50 µm), with the typical properties of conventionally manufactured silicon nitride-based ceramics, such as high relative density (99.8%), biaxial strength (σf = 764 MPa), and hardness (HV10 = 1500).
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Chugunov, Svyatoslav, Nikolaus A. Adams, and Iskander Akhatov. "Evolution of SLA-Based Al2O3 Microstructure During Additive Manufacturing Process." Materials 13, no. 18 (September 5, 2020): 3928. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13183928.

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Evolution of additively manufactured (AM) ceramics’ microstructure between manufacturing stages is a hardly explored topic. These data are of high demand for advanced numerical modeling. In this work, 3D microstructural models of Al2O3 greenbody, brownbody and sintered material are presented and analyzed, for ceramic samples manufactured with SLA-based AM workflow, using a commercially available ceramic paste and 3D printer. The novel data, acquired at the micro- and mesoscale, using Computed Tomography (CT), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Focused Ion-Beam SEM (FIB/SEM) techniques, allowed a deep insight into additive ceramics characteristics. We demonstrated the spatial 3D distribution of ceramic particles, an organic binder and pores at every stage of AM workflow. The porosity of greenbody samples (1.6%), brownbody samples (37.3%) and sintered material (4.9%) are analyzed. Pore distribution and possible originating mechanisms are discussed. The location and shape of pores and ceramic particles are indicative of specific physical processes driving the ceramics manufacturing. We will use the presented microstructural 3D models as input and verification data for advanced numerical simulations developed in the project.
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Zhu, Ji Hong, Wei Hong Zhang, and Xiao Jun Gu. "On the Topology Optimization Design for the Stereolithography Based Investment Casting Model." Advanced Materials Research 139-141 (October 2010): 1464–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.139-141.1464.

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The purpose of this paper is to avoid the crack problem of the ceramic shell during the burnout procedure of the rapid investment casting using stereolithograghy (SLA) model. Since the coefficient of thermal expansion of the SLA model is much higher than the coefficient of the ceramic shell, the internal structural patterns have to be properly designed to reduce the stress level in the ceramic shell. A topology optimization method is proposed here to find better microstructure designs to satisfy both the strength of the ceramic shell and the stiffness of the SLA model itself. Taking the arrayed microstructure into account, the pseudo-densities of the SLA model elements to describe the material layout are defined and assumed as the design variables. By deriving the design sensitivities, the topology optimization problem is solved with reasonable numerical results generated.
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Danty, Paul, Amandine Magnaudeix, Emeline Renaudie, Fanny Leborgne, Vincent Pateloup, Valery Valle, Eric Champion, and Patricia Pascuad-Mathieu. "Processing by Laser Stereolithography and <i>In Vitro</i> Biological Evaluation of Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds Mimicking Human Trabecular Bone Architecture." Solid State Phenomena 339 (December 19, 2022): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-zn71xt.

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Hydroxyapatite (HA) ceramic scaffolds are commonly used as bone graft substitutes. Design of such scaffolds is a challenge to improve biological properties and extend the applications of HA ceramics in the field of bone tissue engineering. In this work, we investigated the processing and the in vitro properties of HA ceramic scaffolds mimicking human trabecular bone architecture. Samples of human tibial trabecular bone were collected (University Hospital Center of Limoges) and scanned by X-Ray μ-computed tomography (μ-CT) to generate 3D model database. From this computer-aided design, HA ceramic scaffolds were shaped layer-by-layer by additive manufacturing using laser stereolithography (SLA). Then, green parts were sintered to obtain dense ceramic scaffolds. The shaped parts were compared to the model (wall thickness, size, and geometry of the porous network) using image analysis. A good agreement was found. Only small differences were detected due to a light overpolymerization or to some unprinted very small details that were not linked to a polymerized area of the previous layer. Due to part shrinkage during sintering a magnifying factor has to be applied to the scanned CAO model to match the real dimensions of the trabecular bone sample. Human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) cultures were performed to investigate the biological properties of these scaffolds (cell attachment and proliferation of hMSC). These preliminary biological evaluations show the good biocompatibility and cell adhesion of the HA substitute. This work evidences the efficiency of SLA to produce ceramic scaffold architectures mimicking that of the natural trabecular bone with promising biological behavior.
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Smirnov, Andrey, Svyatoslav Chugunov, Anastasia Kholodkova, Maxim Isachenkov, Andrey Tikhonov, Oleg Dubinin, and Igor Shishkovsky. "The Fabrication and Characterization of BaTiO3 Piezoceramics Using SLA 3D Printing at 465 nm Wavelength." Materials 15, no. 3 (January 26, 2022): 960. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15030960.

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The additive manufacturing of BaTiO3 (BT) ceramics through stereolithography (SLA) 3D printing at 465 nm wavelength was demonstrated. After different milling times, different paste compositions with varied initial micron-sized powders were studied to find a composition suitable for 3D printing. The pastes were evaluated in terms of photopolymerization depth depending on the laser scanning speed. Furthermore, the microstructure and properties of the BT ceramic samples produced through SLA 3D printing were characterized and compared with those of ceramics fabricated through a conventional die semi-drying pressing method. Three-dimensional printed samples achieved relative densities over 0.95 and microhardness over 500 HV after sintering, nearly matching the relative density and microhardness attained by the pressed samples. Upon poling, the 3D-printed samples attained acceptable piezoelectric module d33 = 148 pC/N and dielectric constants over 2000. At near full density, BT piezoceramics were successfully fabricated through SLA 3D printing at 465 nm wavelength, achieving photopolymerization depth of more than 100 microns. This work paves the relatively low-cost way for 3D printing of piezoelectric ceramics using conventional micron-sized powders and high printed layer thickness.
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Nawrot, Witold, and Karol Malecha. "Additive manufacturing revolution in ceramic microsystems." Microelectronics International 37, no. 2 (March 28, 2020): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mi-11-2019-0073.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to review possibilities of implementing ceramic additive manufacturing (AM) into electronic device production, which can enable great new possibilities. Design/methodology/approach A short introduction into additive techniques is included, as well as primary characterization of structuring capabilities, dielectric performance and applicability in the electronic manufacturing process. Findings Ceramic stereolithography (SLA) is suitable for microchannel manufacturing, even using a relatively inexpensive system. This method is suitable for implementation into the electronic manufacturing process; however, a search for better materials is desired, especially for improved dielectric parameters, lowered sintering temperature and decreased porosity. Practical implications Relatively inexpensive ceramic SLA, which is now available, could make ceramic electronics, currently restricted to specific applications, more available. Originality/value Ceramic AM is in the beginning phase of implementation in electronic technology, and only a few reports are currently available, the most significant of which is mentioned in this paper.
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Truxova, Veronika, Jiri Safka, Martin Seidl, Iaroslav Kovalenko, Lukas Volensky, and Michal Ackermann. "CERAMIC 3D PRINTING: COMPARISON OF SLA AND DLP TECHNOLOGIES." MM Science Journal 2020, no. 2 (June 10, 2020): 3905–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.17973/mmsj.2020_06_2020006.

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Chugunov, Svyatoslav, Andrey Smirnov, Anastasia Kholodkova, Andrey Tikhonov, Oleg Dubinin, and Igor Shishkovsky. "Evaluation of Stereolithography-Based Additive Manufacturing Technology for BaTiO3 Ceramics at 465 nm." Applied Sciences 12, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 412. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12010412.

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A piezoceramic BaTiO3 material that is difficult for 3D printing was tested with a homemade laser-based stereolithography (SLA) setup. The high light absorbance of BaTiO3 in the spectral range of 350–410 nm makes this material hardly usable with most commercial SLA 3D printers. The typical polymerization depth of BaTiO3 ceramic pastes in this spectral range hardly reaches 30–50 µm for 40 vol % powder loading. A spectral change to 465 nm was realized in this work via a robot-based experimental SLA setup to improve the 3D printing efficiency. The ceramic paste was prepared from a preconditioned commercial BaTiO3 powder and used for 3D printing. The paste’s polymerization was investigated with variation of powder fraction (10–55 vol %), speed of a laser beam (1–10 mm/s, at constant laser power), and a hatching spacing (100–1000 µm). The polymerization depths of over 100 µm were routinely reached with the 465 nm SLA for pastes having 55 vol % powder loading. The spectral shift from 350–410 nm spectral region to 465 nm reduced the light absorption by BaTiO3 and remedied the photopolymerization process, emphasizing the importance of comprehensive optical analysis of prospective powders in SLA technology. Two multi-layered objects were 3D-printed to demonstrate the positive effect of the spectral shift.
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Zhang, Jie, Hai Gu, Jianhua Sun, Bin Li, Jie Jiang, and Weiwei Wu. "Effect of geometry error on the non-Newtonian flow in the ceramic microchannel molded by SLA." Open Physics 20, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 87–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/phys-2022-0004.

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Abstract The ceramic microchannel manufactured by stereolithography (SLA) can be used in many engineering cases. SLA is an accurate 3D printing technology, while the small geometry error is inevitable. The involved flow is always non-Newtonian fluids. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze Bingham fluids flow in the ceramic microchannel with geometry errors. To conduct the numerical simulations, a modified lattice Boltzmann (LB) model is presented. Then, the good consistency between the theoretical and numerical solutions demonstrates the effectiveness of the improved method. The required cases are analyzed by using the proposed method. Both the streamlines and outlet velocity distribution show that the geometry error increases the outlet velocity. The Bingham parameters are important factors in the flow of the microchannel.
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Jin, Jie, and Shen Hao Wang. "Preparation of C/SiC Composites by SLA-Intergrated Liquid Silicon Infiltration Method." Advanced Materials Research 152-153 (October 2010): 1146–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.152-153.1146.

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Phenolic resin was used as the raw material, formed a mold for complex-shaped component by rapid-prototyping. It was composed of SiC, C and Si. The sample hardness was analyzed through statistical comparison. The phase composition of C/SiC composite was investigated by XRD and microstructures of C/SiC ceramic components were observed with scaning electron microscope. The ceramic components obtained at 1500 by reactive infiltration of Si into porous C-template. The porous structure formed by photecurable resin and starch powders pyrolysis could effectively prevent the C-template from cracking and reduce the stress. It also facilitate penetrating Si to the C-template to form SiC.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ceramic SLA"

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Terner, Mark Robert. "The production of low-cost α-sialons via carbothermal reduction-nitridation of slag-based mixtures." Monash University, School of Physics and Materials Engineering, 2003. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/9577.

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Wang, Xidong. "Synthesis of AlON and MgAlON Ceramics and Their Chemical Corrosion Resistance." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Materials Science and Engineering, 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3120.

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In view of the excellent mechanical, chemical and opticalproperties, AlON (Aluminum oxynitride) as well as MgAlON(Magnesium Aluminum oxynitride) have drawn the attention ofmaterials scientists in past decades. In this thesis,thermodynamic properties, synthesis and corrosion resistance tooxygen and slag of AlON and MgAlON ceramics have beeninvestigated.

Gibbs energy of AlON and MgAlON with different compositionsand temperatures were estimatedby using thermodynamicquasi-parabola rule. Phase stability diagrams of Al-O-N andMg-Al-O-N systems at different conditions have been calculated.On the basis of thermodynamic analysis, AlON and MgAlONceramics were synthesized by hot-press sintering andcharacterized by XRD, TEM and HREM analyses. An X-raydiffraction standard file of MgAlON is suggested and sent toJCPDS.

The density of AlON synthesized was 3.63g/cm3, about 97.8% of its theoretical density. Thedensity of MgAlON is 3.55 g/cm3. Fracture toughness of AlON and MgAlON is 3.96 and4.06 MPa.m1/2. Three-point bending strength of AlON and MgAlONare 248 and 268 MPa, respectively, at room temperature andkeeps very high until 1723K. However the strength drops 189 and202 MPa for AlON and MgAlON, respectively, at 1723K. Thefracture section of AlON and MgAlON were examined and found tobe a mixed fracture of intercrystalline and cleavage fracturefor AlON and a mixed intercrystalline and transcrystallinefracture for MgAlON.

Oxidation experiments of AlON and MgAlON and a comparison ofthe oxidation behavior of AlON, MgAlON, O'SiAlON-ZrO2and NB-ZCM have been carried out. Undernon-isothermal oxidation conditions, oxidation of AlON exhibitstwo steps with a "S"-shaped curve due to the phasetransformation of oxidation product. As temperature increases,the oxidation product, γ -Al2O3formed at lower temperatures will transform intoα-Al2O3. Due to the differences in the molar volumesbetween α-Al2O3and γ -Al2O3, cracks are likely to be formed in the productlayer promoting further oxidation. MgAlON, O'SiAlON-ZrO2and NB-ZCM show only one step with paraboliccurves.

Isothermal oxidation experiments of AlON, MgAlON,O'SiAlON-ZrO2and NB-ZCM have been carried out in thetemperature range of 1373-1773K. At lower temperatures, MgAlONshows the best resistance to oxidation. But at highertemperatures, such as 1773K, AlON shows the best resistance tooxidation. O'SiAlON-ZrO2shows very good oxidation resistance in the lowtemperature range up to 1673K. But, as the temperature goes upabove 1673K, there is liquid phase produced during theoxidation process. Gas bubbles are also formed in the productlayer causing the flaking-off of some parts of the productlayer. Therefore its oxidation rate increases greatly astemperature rises to 1673K. In the case of BN-ZCM ceramics, dueto the evaporation of B2O3, the oxidation resistance seems to be poorest. Thechemical reaction activation energies for the initial stage ofoxidation of AlON, MgAlON, O'SiAlON-ZrO2and BN-ZCM are 218, 330, 260 and 254 kJ/molerespectively. And the activation energies at the laterdiffusion controlling stages are 227, 573, 367 and 289 kJ/molefor AlON, MgAlON, O'SiAlON-ZrO2and BN-ZCM respectively.

The roughness of the oxidation sample surfaces has beenmeasured by Atomic Force Microscope. As the temperatureincreases, the degrees of roughness of AlON and MgAlON surfacesincrease slightly due to the growth of crystal grain. Theroughness degree of BN-ZCM increases greatly because of theevaporation of B2O3. However the roughness of O'SiAlON-ZrO2decreases as the temperature increases from 1473Kto 1673K. The main reason is that the liquid phase (glass)produced during the oxidation process at high temperatures suchas 1673K and 1773K. The roughness degree of MgAlON, AlON,O'SiAlON-ZrO2and BN-ZCM are 234, 174, 75 and 63 nm respectivelyat 1473K, and 297, 284, 52 and 406 nm respectively at1673K.

Experiments of corrosion of AlON by CaO-MgO-"FeO"-Al2O3-SiO2slags were conducted in the temperature range of1693-1753K under static conditions as well as under forcedconvection. XRD, SEM-EDS and TEM analyses on the corrodedsamples were carried out.

The results showed that the diffusion was therate-controlling step in the initial stage of the corrosion.Thereafter, the slag formation (the product layer dissolvinginto the liquid slag) became more and more important. Thisaspect was further confirmed by fractal dimension analysis ofthe interface. The overall activation energy for the corrosionprocess with slag No.1 was evaluated to be 1002 kJ. Adding"FeO" to the slag greatly enhanced the corrosion rate probablydue to the reaction of the sample with "FeO".

Key words:AlON, MgAlON, Thermodynamics, Synthesis,Oxidation, Slag corrosion

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Merriman, Kristine Roberta. "The context of organic residues in archaeological vessels of ceramic and Bronze." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:40bef755-49f0-4c51-ad13-41bf7bec55df.

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Since the 1970s, the study of molecular organics preserved in archaeological ceramics, commonly referred to as organic residue analysis, has been used to infer vessel use and study dietary, economic, and ritual activities in the past. The purpose of this project is to analyse organic residues from a variety of ancient vessels and attempt to understand further the relationship between molecular organic preservation and vessel characteristics. It has been previously assumed that the absorption of these organics in the ceramic matrix is predominantly responsible for their preservation. The clarification of this or other preservative mechanisms and the further understanding of the relationships of vessels with their contents has a direct impact on the interpretation of organic residues and vessel use. The first section addresses the preservation of molecular organics in pottery vessels from Tel Kabri, Israel; Tel Megiddo, Israel; and Lefkandi, Greece. The one hundred and thirty-three samples from these three sites represent vessels used in domestic, burial, ritual, and elite contexts from the Early Bronze Age through the Iron Age Eastern Mediterranean. The focus of the study is the quantification of residue yields and identification of potential links with vessel properties and characteristics of the ceramic samples. Sequential extractions using two methods, conventional chloroform/methanol solvent extraction and direct FAME extraction/derivatisation, were applied to the sherds to test the absorption and adsorption of organics into ceramic materials. The majority of samples were tested non-destructively, enabling the comparison of residue yields to certain vessel properties and characteristics displayed in the same sherds. Where available, data concerning vessel form, sampling location on the vessel profile, thickness measurements were recorded, and XRF measurements were taken, with this in mind. The second section investigates the question of whether bronze and copper alloy vessels have the capability to preserve molecular organics within their corrosion products. Twenty-two samples of corrosion and associated material from five Early Roman bronze vessels found in cremation burials during the A2 Pepperhill to Cobham project in County Kent, United Kingdom were studied for organic material. These samples provide some of the first evidence that the residues of original content are preserved in copper alloy vessels either through entrapment in or reactions with copper corrosion.
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Naalisvaara, M. (Mikko). "Mechanical properties and drying shrinkage of fibre-reinforced alkali activated fly ash/slag binder s using ceramic waste aggregate." Bachelor's thesis, University of Oulu, 2018. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201805221855.

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Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC), one of the most used construction materials, is a significant contributor to greenhouse gas emissions, such as carbon dioxide. The manufacturing process of OPC requires large amounts of energy and it consumes Earth’s natural resources at a high rate. New methods to replace OPC have been developed for a few decades now, and one of the promising method is a class of materials known as alkali-activated materials (AAM). AAM’s require less raw resources to manufacture, due to utilizing various industrial by-products, such as blast furnace slag and fly ash. One-part alkali-activated binders require only dry materials that can be mixed and water is being added to the binder as the last step. This makes them easy to handle and transport. In this thesis, experiments regarding the mechanical properties and drying shrinkage were conducted on a set of different samples, including different fly ash-slag mix compositions and fibre combinations. Crushed ceramic waste was used as an aggregate, because it is currently a form of waste with very little use. It was found that using 40% slag and 50% fly ash was a desirable mix composition, and so it acted as the reference for fibre-reinforced mix compositions. Polypropylene (PP), basalt (Ba) and polyvinyl alcohol fibres (PVA) were tested in different combinations, with the total amount of fibres in each specimen at 1.5% (total volume). Results showed that generally the addition of fibres increased the total flexural strength. Freeze-thaw test results showed that flexural strength loss was lower with fibre-reinforced samples, and compressive strength generally isn’t negatively affected. Hybrid fibre mixtures showed the most promising results in terms of reducing drying shrinkage rate
Portlandsementti, eräs yleisimmistä rakennusmateriaaleista, on merkittävä kasvihuonekaasupäästöjen aiheuttaja. Portlandsementin valmistusprosessi käyttää paljon energiaa, ja se kuluttaa maapallon luonnonvaroja hälyttävällä tahdilla. Uusia materiaaleja, joilla Portlandsementti voitaisiin korvata, ollaan tutkittu ja kehitelty jo vuosikymmeniä, ja eräs lupaavista ehdokkaista on alkali-aktivoidut materiaalit. Näiden valmistaminen ei vaadi paljoa luonnonvaroja, sillä useita teollisuuden sivutuotteita voidaan hyödyntää lähes suoraan raaka-aineina, kuten masuunikuonaa ja lentotuhkaa. Lisäksi alkali-aktivaatioreaktio on huomattavasti Portlandsementin valmistuksessa tarvittavia kemiallisia reaktioita ympäristöystävällisempi. Yksi-osaiset alkali-aktivoidut sideaineet ovat kiinteässä muodossa veden lisäämiseen asti, joten niitä on helppoa ja turvallista käsitellä ja kuljettaa. Tässä työssä suoritettiin kokeita, joiden avulla mitattiin erään alkali-aktivoiduista sideaineista valmistetun betonin mekaanisia ominaisuuksia, sekä kuivumisen aiheuttamaa kutistumista. Kokeissa tutkittiin optimaalista lentotuhkan ja masuunikuonan välistä suhdetta, sekä kolmen erilaisen kuidun vaikutusta lisäaineena. Rakenneaineena käytettiin keraamista jätettä, eli posliinia, joka murskattiin haluttuun raekokoon leukamyllyllä. Jätteenä posliini on huono kierrätettävä, joten sille mahdollisten käyttötarkoituksien löytäminen on tärkeää. Tulosten perusteella betonin pohjaksi valittiin lentotuhka-masuunikuonasuhteeltaan 40/50 koostuva variantti. Polypropyleeni- (PP), basaltti- (Ba) ja polyvinyylialkoholikuituja (PVA) testattiin eri suhteissa niin, että niiden kokonaisosuus aineen tilavuudesta oli 1,5 %. Tulosten mukaan yleisesti kuitujen lisääminen lisäsi näytteiden taivutuslujuutta. Jäätymis-sulamissyklit heikensivät kuidullisia näytteitä enemmän kuin kuiduttomia taivutuslujuustestissä, mutta puristuslujuudessa vaikutusta ei juurikaan havaittu. Kuivumisen aiheuttama kutistuminen vaihteli eri kuituyhdistelmien välillä, mutta yleisesti ottaen kuituyhdistelmät yksittäisten kuitujen sijaan aiheuttivat vähiten kutistumista
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Krawiec, Piotr. "Nanostructured Porous High Surface Area Ceramics for Catalytic Applications." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2007. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:14-1170181622265-56905.

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In the present work new methods were developed for preparation of novel nanosized and nanostructured ceramic materials. Ordered mesoporous silica SBA-15 was found to be useful as a hard template for the nanocasting of silicon carbide and allowed the preparation of high temperature stable mesoporous silicon carbide ceramics. Chemical vapor infiltration of SBA-15 with dimethyldichlorosilane at elevated temperatures yields SiC/SBA-15 nanocomposites. The subsequent HF treatment of those composites resulted in silica removal and preparation of mesoporous silicon carbide with surface areas between 410 and 830 m2g-1 and high mesopore volume (up to 0.9 cm3g-1). The pore size (between 3 and 7nm in diameter) and surface area of mesoporous silicon carbide were controlled by adjusting the infiltration conditions (time, atmosphere). The mesoporous silicon carbide prepared via this method showed high structural thermal stability at 1300 oC, exceeding that of the SBA-15 template. However, the ordering on the mesoscopic scale was low. Nevertheless, highly ordered mesoporous silicon carbide materials were obtained via polymer melt infiltration in SBA-15. The low molecular weight polycarbosilane used as a preceramic precursor was converted at 1300 oC to silicon carbide inside the SBA-15, and after subsequent silica removal by HF, a highly ordered mesoporous material was obtained. Ordered mesoporous silicon carbide prepared by the methods reported here, may be an interesting material as a support due to its high temperature stability, chemical inertness, high thermal conductivity and semiconductor properties. In contrast to the nanocasting approach, based on the complete pore filling, also a new in-situ procedure for the preparation of finely dispersed metal and metal oxide particles inside ordered mesoporous silica was developed. A swelling agent (toluene) was used to deliver a hydrophobic platinum precursor into the surfactant micelles before addition of silica source. Such an in-situ method resulted in very high platinum incorporation (80-100%), not achieved for any other in-situ preparation procedures. Additionally, the presence of platinum allowed to decrease the template removal temperatures. Moreover, the method was also extended to other metal or metal oxide/ordered mesoporous silica systems. This may be especially interesting for the preparation of ordered mesoporous materials with low melting points, where typically the structure collapses during the high temperature calcinations process. The in-situ synthesized V2O5/MCM-41 materials were used to prepare VN/MCM-41 composites via nitridation in ammonia at 800oC. This method allowed to prepare highly dispersed, X-ray amorphous vanadium nitride species, with high activity in the propane dehydrogenation. Compared to nitridation of supported vanadium oxide prepared via the ex-situ procedure, in-situ synthesized materials showed similar catalytic activity, in spite of having significantly lower vanadium loading. As an alternative for the preparation of supported nitride materials, a novel preparation procedure of bulk not supported nanocrystalline vanadium nitride with high surface area was presented. Instead of pure oxide powder (which was typically used in the preparation of high surface area vanadium nitride catalysts), a macroporous amine intercalated V2O5 was used as the starting material. The obtained nitride consisted of small crystallites and had a surface area up to 198 m2g-1. Moreover, this foam-derived VN showed significantly improved activity as a catalyst in propane dehydrogenation. This novel preparation method could also be extended to other systems such as ternary VMoxNy nitrides.
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Krawiec, Piotr. "Nanostructured Porous High Surface Area Ceramics for Catalytic Applications." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universität Dresden, 2006. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A24989.

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In the present work new methods were developed for preparation of novel nanosized and nanostructured ceramic materials. Ordered mesoporous silica SBA-15 was found to be useful as a hard template for the nanocasting of silicon carbide and allowed the preparation of high temperature stable mesoporous silicon carbide ceramics. Chemical vapor infiltration of SBA-15 with dimethyldichlorosilane at elevated temperatures yields SiC/SBA-15 nanocomposites. The subsequent HF treatment of those composites resulted in silica removal and preparation of mesoporous silicon carbide with surface areas between 410 and 830 m2g-1 and high mesopore volume (up to 0.9 cm3g-1). The pore size (between 3 and 7nm in diameter) and surface area of mesoporous silicon carbide were controlled by adjusting the infiltration conditions (time, atmosphere). The mesoporous silicon carbide prepared via this method showed high structural thermal stability at 1300 oC, exceeding that of the SBA-15 template. However, the ordering on the mesoscopic scale was low. Nevertheless, highly ordered mesoporous silicon carbide materials were obtained via polymer melt infiltration in SBA-15. The low molecular weight polycarbosilane used as a preceramic precursor was converted at 1300 oC to silicon carbide inside the SBA-15, and after subsequent silica removal by HF, a highly ordered mesoporous material was obtained. Ordered mesoporous silicon carbide prepared by the methods reported here, may be an interesting material as a support due to its high temperature stability, chemical inertness, high thermal conductivity and semiconductor properties. In contrast to the nanocasting approach, based on the complete pore filling, also a new in-situ procedure for the preparation of finely dispersed metal and metal oxide particles inside ordered mesoporous silica was developed. A swelling agent (toluene) was used to deliver a hydrophobic platinum precursor into the surfactant micelles before addition of silica source. Such an in-situ method resulted in very high platinum incorporation (80-100%), not achieved for any other in-situ preparation procedures. Additionally, the presence of platinum allowed to decrease the template removal temperatures. Moreover, the method was also extended to other metal or metal oxide/ordered mesoporous silica systems. This may be especially interesting for the preparation of ordered mesoporous materials with low melting points, where typically the structure collapses during the high temperature calcinations process. The in-situ synthesized V2O5/MCM-41 materials were used to prepare VN/MCM-41 composites via nitridation in ammonia at 800oC. This method allowed to prepare highly dispersed, X-ray amorphous vanadium nitride species, with high activity in the propane dehydrogenation. Compared to nitridation of supported vanadium oxide prepared via the ex-situ procedure, in-situ synthesized materials showed similar catalytic activity, in spite of having significantly lower vanadium loading. As an alternative for the preparation of supported nitride materials, a novel preparation procedure of bulk not supported nanocrystalline vanadium nitride with high surface area was presented. Instead of pure oxide powder (which was typically used in the preparation of high surface area vanadium nitride catalysts), a macroporous amine intercalated V2O5 was used as the starting material. The obtained nitride consisted of small crystallites and had a surface area up to 198 m2g-1. Moreover, this foam-derived VN showed significantly improved activity as a catalyst in propane dehydrogenation. This novel preparation method could also be extended to other systems such as ternary VMoxNy nitrides.
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Kautto, Per. "Influences of palladium ceramics on valuable metal losses to a PbO-SiO2-Sb2O3 based silver smelting slag." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Industriell miljö- och processteknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-81308.

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Silver and palladium can be found in the so called palladium-ceramics which comes from catalyst production. These valuable metals needs to be recovered from these wastes in order to further increase both the environmental and economic sustainability of our society. This material has also been suspected of causing some problems at Boliden’s smelter Rönnskär during the silver smelting. Unfortunately due to the nature of massive economics at work in precious metal production there has not been much published work around this subject. Therefore this works seeks to increase the understanding of how this waste affects the A-slag in the precious metal production at Rönnskär.   This work takes a look at how certain fluxes and temperatures affects the slag and metal phases, as well as how increasing the addition of the palladium-ceramic affects the melt. It does so by making screening tests with a basic setup of slag from the process, silver granules and additions of coke and sodium carbonate at different temperatures.   The results show that using a reducing environment by adding coke does increase the recovery of the precious metals. Increasing the temperature of the melt also shows an improvement in the recovery of the precious metals.  Furthermore the basis to an alternative way of using this material, consisting of smelting it together with silver and fluxing materials has been suggested in this work in order to eliminate the possible problems it causes in the current process.
Silver och palladium kan finnas i materialet som kallas katalysatormassa som kommer från framställningen av katalysatorer. Dessa värdefulla metaller måste återvinnas från detta avfall för att öka hållbarheten i vårt samhälle både miljömässigt och ekonomiskt. Materialet har också varit en möjlig orsak till problem vid silversmältningen på Bolidens smältverk, Rönnskär. Tyvärr på grund av den enorma ekonomin kring ädelmetaller och deras produktion har det inte publicerats många artiklar om detta ämne. Därför försöker detta arbete att öka förståelsen av hur detta avfall påverkar A-slaggen hos ädelmetallframställningen på Rönnskär.   Detta arbete undersöker på hur olika flussmedel och temperaturer påverkar slaggen och metallfasen, samt hur en ökad mängd katalysatormassa påverkar smältan. Det görs genom att göra flera testsmältor med en bas med slagg från processen, silvergranuler samt tillsatser av koks eller natriumkarbonat vid olika temperaturer.   Resultaten visar att användandet av en reducerande miljö genom tillsättningen av koks ökar återvinningen av ädelmetallerna. En ökad temperatur på smältan har också visat på en ökad återvinning. Utöver detta så har grunden till ett alternativt sätt att använda sig av materialet tagits fram. Detta alternativ består av att smälta materialet tillsammans med silver och flussmedel och har tagits fram för att undvika möjliga problem i befintlig process.
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Leme, Thariany Sanches. "Desenvolvimento de vitrocerâmico utilizando escória de fundição /." Presidente Prudente, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/191307.

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Orientador: Agda Eunice de Souza Albas
Resumo: Neste trabalho, vidro e material vitrocerâmico foram obtidos a partir de uma composição baseada no diagrama ternário SiO2-Al2O3-CaO, utilizando escória de ferro fundido, provenientes de empresas de fundição, e, cal hidratada (comercial). A escória foi caracterizada através de: espectrometria de fluorescência de raios X (FRX), para determinar sua composição química; difratometria de raios X (DRX), para a identificação das fases cristalinas e análise térmica (TG), para evidenciar as reações térmicas associadas à desidratação e decomposição dos compostos presente no material. O vidro foi obtido através do processo de fusão/resfriamento (melt-quenching), fundido na temperatura de 1450°C. Foram caracterizados através de: calorimetria exploratória diferencial (DSC), para determinar as temperaturas de transição vítrea e de cristalização e difratometria de raios X (DRX), para identificar a sua estrutura amorfa. O estudo da cinética de cristalização do vidro foi realizado através de métodos cinéticos não isotérmicos baseados na descrição teórica formulada por Johnson-Mehl-Avrami (JMA). Estes métodos descrevem os processos de nucleação e cristalização utilizando dados provenientes da curva de DSC. O estudo cinético teve início com a obtenção do material vitrocerâmico tratado termicamente à 900ºC por 1,5h e identificação das fases cristalinas formadas, utilizando DRX. Considerando a formação de três fases cristalinas, os parâmetros cinéticos foram determinados a partir dos ajustes dos d... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: In this work, glass and glass-ceramic materials were obtained from a composition based on the ternary diagram SiO2-Al2O3-CaO using cast iron slag from foundry companies and hydrated lime (commercial). The slag was characterized by: X-ray fluorescence (XRF) to determine its chemical composition; X-ray diffractometry (XRD), to the crystalline phases identification and thermal analysis (TG), to show the thermal reactions associated with dehydration and decomposition of the compounds present in the material. The glass was obtained by melt quenching at 1450°C. They were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to determine glass transition and crystallization temperatures and X-ray diffraction (XRD) to identify their amorphous structure. The study of crystallization kinetics was performed by non-isothermal kinetic methods based on the theoretical description formulated by Johnson-Mehl-Avrami (JMA). These methods describe the nucleation and crystallization processes using data from the DSC data. The kinetic study began by obtaining heat-treated glass-ceramic material, at 900ºC for 1.5h, and identifying the crystalline phases formed using XRD. Considering three crystalline phases formation, the kinetic parameters were determined from the DSC data adjustments by the Kissinger, Augis-Bennett, and Matusita and Sakka methods. The best fit resulted in three crystallization peaks. The activation energy (Ea) of the crystallization process was obtained using the Kissinger an... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Bergström, Lena. "Macroalgae in the Baltic Sea : responses to low salinity and nutrient enrichment in Ceramium and Fucus." Doctoral thesis, Umeå University, Ecology and Environmental Science, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-441.

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The brackish Baltic Sea is a marginal environment for both marine and freshwater species. The rate of ecological differentiation is presumably high due to strong selection pressure from a gradient of decreasing salinity that has been present in its current state for only about 3 000 years. Even more recently, increased nutrient loading due to human activities has affected the growth rate of species, with potential effects on their competitive interactions and responses to other regulating factors. I have investigated the potential effects of low salinity and nutrient enrichment on the distributional ranges of two marine macroalgae with a wide distribution in the Baltic Sea, the red alga Ceramium tenuicorne (Kütz.) Wærn and the brown alga Fucus vesiculosus L.

A field study in the northern Baltic Sea indicated a strong relationship between the community structure of macroalgae and abiotic factors even on a small, local scale. The abiotic factors are potentially modulated by eutrophication, which may have a strong effect on the depth distribution and abundance of macroalgae. On a regional scale, laboratory experiments suggested that nutrient enrichment is unlikely to affect the distribution of Ceramium and Fucus along the salinity gradient. Growth in Ceramium from the Baltic Proper was enhanced by nitrate and phosphate, but the response did not override growth constraints due to low salinity. Ceramium from the Gulf of Bothnia had an inherently lower growth rate that was not positively affected by nitrate and phosphate increase. In Fucus vesiculosus, reproductive performance was impaired by nitrate and phosphate levels corresponding to ambient levels in eutrophicated areas of the Baltic Sea, when measured by their effect on zygote attachment, germination, and rhizoid development.

The wide distribution of Ceramium in the inner Baltic Sea is probably related to local adaptation, rather than a generalized tolerance of different salinity levels. Ecotypic differences were observed when comparing strains from the Baltic Proper (salinity 7 psu) and the Gulf of Bothnia (4 psu). A high rate of vegetative reproduction was evident, although sexual reproduction was occasionally observed in salinity 4. In Fucus vesiculosus, genetic and morphological analyses of sympatric and allopatric populations of the common, vesicular, morphotype and a dwarf morphotype, characteristic for the Gulf of Bothnia, showed that the dwarf morphotype represents a separate evolutionary lineage. Also, vegetative reproduction was observed in Fucus for the first time, as supported by genetic and experimental data.

The results show that the biota of the inner Baltic Sea may have unique adaptive and genetic properties, and that it is highly relevant to consider subspecies diversity in Baltic Sea management.

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Bergström, Lena. "Macroalgae in the Baltic sea : responses to low salinity and nutrient enrichment in Ceramium and Fucus /." Umeå : Univ, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-441.

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Books on the topic "Ceramic SLA"

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Fujun tang sha yi. Shanghai: Shanghai hua bao chu ban she, 2005.

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Zhongguo zi sha bao ku. Fuzhou Shi: Hai feng chu ban she, 2008.

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Linghui, Huang, Guo Yaling, and Huang Yijia, eds. Zi sha tao yi. [Taipei]: Ying ji tang ren gong yi chu ban she, 1994.

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Song Boyin shuo zi sha: Song Bo Yin shuo zi sha. Hangzhou Shi: Xi ling yin she chu ban she, 2008.

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Xu Hantang zi sha yi shu. Beijing: Zi jin cheng chu ban she, 2007.

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Zi sha hu. Fuzhou Shi: Fujian mei shu chu ban she, 2009.

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Zhijian, Shao, Xu Feng, and Chen Mingming, eds. Zi sha Junjie. Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she, 2010.

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Shunhua, Shi, ed. Zhu Jianwei zi sha zuo pin ji. Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she, 2010.

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Sasayama, Tadayasu. Tadayasu Sasayama exhibition: Slab constructions. Tokyo: Gallery White Art, 1996.

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Sha hai xie ying. Changchun Shi: Jilin da xue chu ban she, 2009.

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Book chapters on the topic "Ceramic SLA"

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Kwon, Hong Kyu, and Jung Sik Kim. "Hybrid Tooling Using High Speed Cutting and Ceramic Filled SLA (StereoLithography Apparatuses) Technologies." In Materials Science Forum, 351–54. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-431-6.351.

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Kwong, Kyei Sing, James Bennett, Rick Krabbe, Art Petty, and Hugh Thomas. "Modeling Dual and MgO Saturated EAF Slag Chemistry." In Ceramic Transactions Series, 167–77. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470880456.ch15.

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Wu, Xingrong, Liaosha Li, Ping Wang, Zhaojin Wu, and Yuanchi Dong. "Precipitation Behavior of Chromium in Chromium(III)-Bearing Slag." In Ceramic Transactions Series, 217–25. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470930991.ch20.

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Malinina, G. A., S. V. Stefanovsky, A. A. Shiryaev, and Y. V. Zubavichus. "Hafnium and Samarium Speciation in Vitrified Radioactive Incinerator Slag." In Ceramic Transactions Series, 265–72. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118771327.ch25.

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Yan, Bingji, Jianliang Zhang, Hongwei Guo, Zhiwen Shi, and Feng Liu. "Research on Using Blast Furnace Slag to Produce Building Stone." In Ceramic Transactions Series, 145–55. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119190042.ch14.

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Rocha-Rangel, Enrique, M. Juana Martínez Alvarado, and Manuela Díaz-Cruz. "Effect of Temperature on the Hydration of Activated Granulated Blast Furnace Slag." In Ceramic Transactions Series, 29–35. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118491867.ch4.

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Huang, Ao, Huazhi Gu, Zou Yang, Lvping Fu, Pengfei Lian, and Linwen Jin. "An Approach for Modeling Slag Corrosion of Lightweight Al2O3-MgO Castables in Refining Ladle." In Ceramic Transactions Series, 101–11. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119234593.ch11.

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Yip, Christina K., Grant C. Lukey, and Jannie S. J. van Deventer Dean. "Effect of Blast Furnace Slag Addition on Microstructure and Properties of Metakaolinite Geopolymeric Materials." In Ceramic Transactions Series, 187–209. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118406892.ch13.

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C, Udayashankar B., and Raghavendra T. "Proportioning Controlled Low Strength Materials Using Fly Ash and Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag." In Ceramic Transactions Series, 13–25. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118996652.ch2.

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Bennett, James, Seetharaman Sridhar, Jinichiro Nakano, Kyei-Sing Kwong, Tom Lam, Tetsuya Kaneko, Laura Fernandez, Piyamanee Komolwit, Hugh Thomas, and Rick Krabbe. "Slag Characterization for the Development of New and Improved Service Life Materials in Gasifiers using Flexible Carbon Feedstock." In Ceramic Transactions Series, 1–16. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118144527.ch1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Ceramic SLA"

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Hentschel, Manfred P., Karl-Wolfram Harbich, Joerg Schors, and Axel Lange. "X-Ray Refraction Characterization of the Interface Structure of Ceramics." In ASME Turbo Expo 2000: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/2000-gt-0061.

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Advanced ceramics require specific methods for their nondestructive characterization. X-ray refraction techniques determine the specific surfaces and interfaces of high performance ceramics, composites and other low density materials down to nano-meter dimensions. X-ray refraction occurs due to the interference of phase shifted X-rays in ultra small angle X-ray scattering (USAXS) at objects above 100 nm size. Applications to monolithic ceramics and ceramic composites are presented. The well localized mean pore size of ceramics and the crack growth of ceramic composites are measured non-destructively.
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Schenk, Bjoern. "Ceramic Turbine Engine Demonstration Project — A Summary Report." In ASME Turbo Expo 2000: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/2000-gt-0532.

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Honeywell Engines & Systems has successfully addressed critical concerns that are slowing commercialization of structural ceramics in gas turbines. The U.S. Department of Energy (DoE) sponsored Ceramic Turbine Engine Demonstration Project (CTEDP) had the mission of advancing ceramic gas turbine component technology toward commercialization. The thrust of the program was to “bridge the gap” between ceramics in the laboratory and near-term commercial heat engine applications. Most of this mission has been achieved. The 331-200[CT] auxiliary power unit (APU) test bed featured ceramic first-stage nozzles and blades. Fabrication of ceramic components provided manufacturing process demonstration scale-up to the minimum levels needed for commercial viability. Through this program, design methods refinement and the development of new design methods unique to ceramic turbine components have been supported and validated in rig and development engine testing. Over 6800 hours of on-site endurance tests demonstrated component reliability. Additional field testing in APUs onboard commercial aircraft and stationary industrial engines has been initiated and will continue beyond completion of this program.
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Fett, Theo, Dietrich Munz, and Gerhard Thun. "Fracture Toughness Testing on Bars Under Opposite Cylinder Loading." In ASME Turbo Expo 2002: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2002-30507.

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Bars loaded by opposite concentrated forces via rollers are appropriate test specimens for the determination of the fracture toughness, KIc, and the crack resistance curve (R-curve) of ceramic materials. In this paper stress solutions for the proposed test specimens are provided, as well as the stress intensity factor and the T-stress solutions. As practical applications, R-curves are determined for a soft PZT ceramic and several alumina ceramics.
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Reifsnider, Ken, and S. W. Case. "Life Prediction Based on Material State Changes in Ceramic Matrix Composite Materials." In ASME Turbo Expo 2007: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2007-28167.

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Monolithic ceramics and continuous fiber reinforced ceramic composites are being developed for use in high temperature applications such as combustor liners in gas turbines, thrust deflectors for jet engines, and thruster nozzles. Ceramic composite materials possess the high temperature resistance properties of ceramics, but have better creep and cyclic properties. However, the properties of these materials change somewhat with time at service temperatures, i.e., their material state changes as a function of service conditions and history. The authors have developed a methodology for representing and combining the effects of high temperature material state changes in CMCs, along with changes in applied stress / strain conditions during service, to estimate remaining strength and life of ceramic composite materials and components. Fatigue, creep rupture, and time dependent deformation are combined by a strength metric in integral form to create a time-resolved, point-wise estimate of current remaining strength and life in material elements. Application of this methodology in discrete element representations of mechanical behavior of structural elements with nonuniform stress / strain states has been implemented.
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Soudarev, A. V., V. G. Konakov, N. F. Morozov, I. A. Ovidko, and B. N. Semenov. "Novel Shrinkage-Free Structural Ceramic Materials for Gas Turbine Applications." In ASME Turbo Expo 2008: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2008-50549.

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The paper presents results of development of the novel shrinkage-free, adaptable to machining and easily welded alumo-boron-carbide silicon materials that experience the cermet stage during their manufacturing. A specific feature of the like ceramics is their double-stage sintering process when, after the original stage, a metal-ceramic blank has a sufficient strength and is easily machined by conventional metal-cutting tools. In addition, such materials are electrically conductive, therefore, the elasto-erosion treatment technique can be applied. Subsequently, a machined part is finally sintered, whereas all the geometries remain actually unchanged due to the shrinkage absence. Prior to the final sintering, all separate parts can be joined by the diffusion welding with the seam strength being 5–10% different from the strength of the main part. The paper provides an insight into the processes and results of tests of the representative selections of samples of four types of the structural ceramics that are experiencing the cermet stage during the process of their formation. Also, ceramic parts for the CGTE hot passage are demonstrated.
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van Roode, Mark, and Mattison K. Ferber. "Long-Term Degradation of Ceramics for Gas Turbine Applications." In ASME Turbo Expo 2007: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2007-27956.

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A study has been conducted to establish the effect of long-term (30,000+ hours) properties of monolithic ceramics (Si3N49 SiC), SiC/SiC and oxide/oxide ceramic matrix composites (CMCs), and protective coatings on component life in gas turbine engines with pressure ratios (PRs) ranging from 5:1 to 30:1. A model has been presented that shows the interaction between two major long-term degradation modes of ceramics, creep and degradation from water vapor attack in the ceramic hot section. Water vapor attack is the most severe mode overshadowing creep for long-term (∼30,000 hours) gas turbine operation, and its impact on component durability becomes more severe as PR increases. Components in the turbine hot section, downstream from the combustor (blades, integral turbine rotors, nozzles), fabricated from Si3N4 without protective coatings, have a temperature limitation of ∼800°C for gas turbines with PR ranging from 5:1 to 30:1. These ceramic components afford little, if any, advantage over metallic components for improving gas turbine performance. The application of a BSAS-type Environmental Barrier Coating (EBC) would improve temperature capability of turbine nozzles and rotating parts to ∼1100–1200°C. For small low-PR (5:1) engines, thick (∼10 mm) uncoated monolithic silicon-based combustor liners can be used up to ∼1360°C and thinner (∼3 mm) SiC/SiC CMCs up to ∼1100°C. These temperatures are reduced for higher-PR engines. The incorporation of a BSAS-type EBC improves temperature capability of silicon-based ceramic combustor liners. Oxide/oxide CMCs with protective coatings have a predicted temperature capability of ∼1220-∼1380°C over the range of PR range studied. They can be used as structural materials for combustor liners and other stationary turbine hot section components. As PR increases the durability of coated oxide/oxide CMCs improves relative to that of silicon-based monolithics and CMCs. As expected, ceramic component durability increases for shorter component design lives, making these materials more acceptable for shorter-term applications, such as automotive transportation (∼3,000 hours/150,000 km).
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Matsunuma, Takayuki, Hiro Yoshida, Norihiko Iki, Takumi Ebara, Satoshi Sodeoka, Takahiro Inoue, and Masato Suzuki. "Micro Gas Turbine With Ceramic Nozzle and Rotor." In ASME Turbo Expo 2005: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2005-68711.

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A series of operation tests of a ceramic micro gas turbine has been successfully carried out. The baseline machine is a small single-shaft turbojet engine (J-850, Sophia Precision Corp.) with a centrifugal compressor, an annular type combustor, and a radial turbine. As a first step, an Inconel 713C alloy turbine rotor of 55 mm in diameter was replaced with a ceramic rotor (SN-235, Kyocera Corporation). A running test was conducted at rotational speeds of up to 140,000 rpm in atmospheric air. At this rotor speed, the compression pressure ratio and the thrust were 3 and 100 N, respectively. The total energy level (enthalpy and kinetic energy) of the exhaust gas jet was 240 kW. If, for example, it is assumed that 10% of the total power of the exhaust jet gas was converted into electricity, the present system would correspond to a generator with 24 kW output power. The measured turbine outlet temperature was 950°C (1,740°F) and the turbine inlet temperature was estimated to be 1,280°C (2,340°F). Although the ceramic rotor showed no evidence of degradation, the Inconel nozzle immediately in front of the turbine rotor partially melted in this rotor condition. As a second step, the Inconel turbine nozzle and casing were replaced with ceramic parts (SN-01, Ohtsuka Ceramics Inc.). The ceramic nozzle and case were supported by metal parts. Through tests with the ceramic nozzle, it became evident that one of the key technologies for the development of ceramic gas turbines is the design of the interface between the ceramic components and the metallic components, because the difference between the coefficients of linear thermal expansion of the ceramic and metal produces large thermal stress at their interface in the high-temperature condition. A buffer material made of alumina fiber was therefore introduced at the interface between the ceramic and metal.
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Richerson, David W. "Historical Review of Addressing the Challenges of Use of Ceramic Components in Gas Turbine Engines." In ASME Turbo Expo 2006: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2006-90330.

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Since the invention of the gas turbine engine, engineers have continuously strived to achieve higher operating temperature and improved thermal efficiency. Ceramic-based materials were considered in the 1940s and 1950s, but did not have adequate properties to survive the thermal shock and high temperature conditions. By the end of the 1960s, new materials were developed in the silicon nitride and silicon carbide families that appeared to have potential. Substantial efforts have subsequently been conducted worldwide. These efforts have identified and sought solutions for key challenges: improvement in properties of candidate materials, establishing a design and life prediction methodology, generating a material database, developing cost-effective fabrication of turbine components, dimensional and non-destructive inspection, and validation of the materials and designs in rig and engine testing. Enormous technical progress has been made, but ceramic-based turbine components still have not reached bill-of-materials status. There are still problems that must be solved. In addition, metals-based technology has not stood still. Implementation of sophisticated cast-in internal cooling passages, development of directionally solidified and later single crystal superalloy hot section components, improved alloys, and use of ceramic thermal barrier coatings have combined to allow thermal efficiency increases that exceed the 1970s goals that engineers thought could only be achieved with ceramics. As a result of these metal and design advances, the urgency for use of ceramics has decreased. Emphasis of this paper is on review of the key challenges of implementing ceramic components in gas turbine engines, progress towards solving these challenges, some challenges that still need to be resolved, and a brief review of how technology from the turbine developments has been successfully spun off to important products.
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van Roode, Mark, Oscar Jimenez, John McClain, Jeff Price, Vijay Parthasarathy, Kevin L. Poormon, Mattison K. Ferber, and Hua-Tay Lin. "Ceramic Gas Turbine Materials Impact Evaluation." In ASME Turbo Expo 2002: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2002-30505.

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Abstract:
Impact of foreign or domestic material on components in the hot section of gas turbines with ceramic components is a common cause of catastrophic failure. Several such occurrences were observed during engine testing under the Ceramic Stationary Gas Turbine program sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy. A limited analysis was carried out at Solar Turbines Incorporated (Solar), which involved modeling of the impact in the hot section. Based on the results of this study an experimental investigation was carried out at the University of Dayton Research Institute Impact Physics Laboratory to establish the conditions leading to significant impact damage in silicon-based ceramics. The experimental set up involved impacting ceramic flexure bars with spherical metal particulates under conditions of elevated temperature and controlled velocity. The results of the study showed a better correlation of impact damage with momentum than with kinetic energy. Increased test specimen mass and fracture toughness were found to improve impact resistance. Continuous fiber-reinforced ceramic composite (CFCC) materials have better impact resistance than monolithics. A threshold velocity was established for impacting particles of a defined mass. Post-impact metallography was carried out at Oak Ridge National Laboratory to further establish the impact mechanism.
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Price, Jeffrey, Oscar Jimenez, Vijay Parthasarathy, Narendernath Miriyala, and Don Leroux. "Ceramic Stationary Gas Turbine Development Program — Seventh Annual Summary." In ASME Turbo Expo 2000: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/2000-gt-0075.

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The Ceramic Stationary Gas Turbine (CSGT) program is being performed under the sponsorship of the United States Department of Energy, Office of Industrial Technologies. The objective of the program is to improve the performance of stationary gas turbines in cogeneration by retrofitting uncooled ceramic components into the hot section of the engine. The replacement of previously cooled metallic hot section components with the uncooled ceramics enables improved thermal efficiency, increased output power, and reduced gas turbine emissions. This review summarizes the progress on Phase III of the program, which involves field testing of the ceramic components at cogeneration end user sites. The Solar Centaur 50S engine, which operates a turbine rotor inlet temperature (TRIT) of 1010°C (1850°F), was selected for the developmental program. The program goals include an increase in the TRIT to 1121°C (2050°F), accompanied by increases in thermal efficiency and output power. This will be accomplished by the incorporation of ceramic first stage blades and nozzles, and a “hot wall” ceramic combustor liner. The performance improvements are attributable to the increase in TRIT and the reduction in cooling air requirements for the ceramic parts. The “hot wall” ceramic liners also enable a reduction in gas turbine emissions of NOx and CO. The component design and material selection have been definitized for the ceramic blades, nozzles and combustor liners. Each of these ceramic component designs was successfully tested in short term engine tests in the Centaur 50S engine test cell facility at Solar. Based on their performance in a 100 hour cyclic in-house engine test, the ceramic components were approved for field testing. Oxidation of the ceramic components in the gas turbine environment dictated the need for environmental barrier coatings, which were optimized under the program. To date, six field installations of the CSGT Centaur 50S engine totaling over 14,000 hours of operation have been initiated under the program at two industrial cogeneration sites. An 8000 hour field demonstration of a low emission ceramic combustion system was initiated in August 1999. This paper briefly discusses the recent developmental efforts for the ceramic components, but focuses on the various field demonstrations.
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Reports on the topic "Ceramic SLA"

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SUGAMA, T., L. E. BROTHERS, and T. R. VAN DE PUTTE. EFFECT OF QUARTZ/MULLITE BLEND CERAMIC ADDITIVE ON IMPROVING RESISTANCE TO ACID OF SODIUM SILICATE-ACTIVATED SLAG CEMENT. CELCIUS BRINE. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/875883.

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