Relevant bibliographies by topics / Ceramic shaping

Academic literature on the topic 'Ceramic shaping'

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Published: 25 May 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Ceramic shaping"

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Höpfel, Heiko, and Wulf Pfeiffer. "Shaping of Ceramics Using Residual Stresses." Materials Science Forum 768-769 (September 2013): 478–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.768-769.478.

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Shot peening is a common procedure used to improve the static and cyclic strength of metal components and for forming of thin walled components. The underlying mechanisms are localized plastic deformation, work hardening and the introduction of compressive stresses into the near-surface region. During the last decade we have been establishing damage-free shot peening processes for brittle materials such as ceramics. Based on these results we are now developing processes for peen-forming of ceramic components. This paper describes the first successful experiments aimed at shaping ceramic specimens using shot peening. Strips of different thicknesses, made of silicon nitride ceramic, were shot-peened using different shot sizes, peening pressures and coverage. The residual stress-depth distributions were determined using X-ray diffraction. Based on the experimentally determined stress states, the curvatures of the strips were calculated analytically and using Finite Element calculations (FEM). The results of the curvature measurements and calculations agree well.
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Kosakowsky, Laura J. "SHAPING CERAMIC RESEARCH AT THE MAYA SITE OF CUELLO, BELIZE." Ancient Mesoamerica 14, no. 1 (January 2003): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956536103132087.

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Traditional analyses of ceramics from Maya Lowland archaeological sites have focused on descriptive typologies to define site and regional chronologies. However, T. Patrick Culbert's groundbreaking work on the ceramics of Tikal (1993) utilized vessel shapes, as well, involving an analytical system of two levels: shape classes and shapes. His systematized modal analysis and concentration on vessel-shape classes, in conjunction with a focus on the importance of deposit types and site-formation processes, revolutionized what ceramics can tell us about prehistoric Maya behavior. The same approach was applied to the research on the Cuello ceramics presented here to gain a better understanding of the behavior associated with ceramic-vessel usage during the Preclassic period at this northern Belize site.
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Park, Ki Suk, Ralf Milke, Erik Rybacki, and Sabine Reinhold. "Application of Image Analysis for the Identification of Prehistoric Ceramic Production Technologies in the North Caucasus (Russia, Bronze/Iron Age)." Heritage 2, no. 3 (August 6, 2019): 2327–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage2030143.

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The recent advances in microscopy and scanning techniques enabled the image analysis of archaeological objects in a high resolution. From the direct measurements in images, shapes and related parameters of the structural elements of interest can be derived. In this study, image analysis in 2D/3D is applied to archaeological ceramics, in order to obtain clues about the ceramic pastes, firing and shaping techniques. Images were acquired by the polarized light microscope, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and 3D micro X-ray computed tomography (µ-CT) and segmented using Matlab. 70 ceramic sherds excavated at Ransyrt 1 (Middle-Late Bronze Age) and Kabardinka 2 (late Bronze–early Iron Age), located in in the North Caucasian mountains, Russia, were investigated. The size distribution, circularity and sphericity of sand grains in the ceramics show site specific difference as well as variations within a site. The sphericity, surface area, volume and Euler characteristic of pores show the existence of various pyrometamorphic states between the ceramics and within a ceramic. Using alignments of pores and grains, similar pottery shaping techniques are identified for both sites. These results show that the image analysis of archaeological ceramics can provide detailed information about the prehistoric ceramic production technologies with fast data availability.
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Uchikoshi, Tetsuo, Seiichi Furumi, Tohru Suzuki, and Yoshio Sakka. "Direct Shaping of Alumina Ceramics by Electrophoretic Deposition Using Conductive Polymer-Coated Ceramic Substrates." Advanced Materials Research 29-30 (November 2007): 227–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.29-30.227.

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Cathodic electrophoretic deposition of bimodal alumina suspension was performed using conductive polypyrrole (Ppy) film as an electrode. The coating of the Ppy on nonconductive ceramic substrates was performed by polymerization of pyrrole (Py) in an aqueous solution. The relative green density of the deposits measured by Archimedes’ method was 68 %. Alumina ceramics were obtained by sintering the deposits together with the Ppy coated ceramic substrates in air.
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Filser, F., P. Kocher, and L. J. Gauckler. "Net‐shaping of ceramic components by direct ceramic machining." Assembly Automation 23, no. 4 (December 2003): 382–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01445150310501217.

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Deckers, Jan Patrick, Khuram Shahzad, Ludwig Cardon, Marleen Rombouts, Jozef Vleugels, and Jean-Pierre Kruth. "Shaping ceramics through indirect selective laser sintering." Rapid Prototyping Journal 22, no. 3 (April 18, 2016): 544–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-10-2014-0143.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to compare different powder metallurgy (PM) processes to produce ceramic parts through additive manufacturing (AM). This creates the potential to rapidly shape ceramic parts with an almost unlimited shape freedom. In this paper, alumina (Al2O3) parts are produced, as Al2O3 is currently the most commonly used ceramic material for technical applications. Design/methodology/approach Variants of the following PM route, with indirect selective laser sintering (indirect SLS) as the AM shaping step, are explored to produce ceramic parts: powder synthesis, indirect SLS, binder removal and furnace sintering and alternative densification steps. Findings Freeform-shaped Al2O3 parts with densities up to approximately 90 per cent are obtained. Research limitations/implications The resulting Al2O3 parts contain inter-agglomerate pores. To produce higher-quality ceramic parts through indirect SLS, these pores should be avoided or eliminated. Originality/value The research is innovative in many ways. First, composite powders are produced using different powder production methods, such as temperature-induced phase separation and dispersion polymerization. Second, four different binder materials are investigated: polyamide (nylon-12), polystyrene, polypropylene and a carnauba wax – low-density polyethylene combination. Further, to produce ceramic parts with increased density, the following densification techniques are investigated as additional steps of the PM process: laser remelting, isostatic pressing and infiltration.
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Risso, L., S. J. Stedman, B. Vicenzi, and A. Saggese. "Plastic shaping of ceramic superconducting discs." Materials Chemistry and Physics 36, no. 1-2 (November 1993): 129–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0254-0584(93)90019-i.

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Slosarčík, Stanislav, Igor Vehec, Alexander Gmiterko, Pavol Cabúk, and Michal Jurčišin. "Technology and Application of 3D Shaped LTCC Modules for Pressure Sensors and Microsystems." Journal of Microelectronics and Electronic Packaging 6, no. 3 (July 1, 2009): 158–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/1551-4897-6.3.158.

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This paper deals with shaping technology of LTCC (low temperature cofired ceramics) and as well on analysis of the possibilities of sensors in 3D shaped modules. Analysis of marginal possibilities of LTCC ceramic shaping was realized on a sample with various bending angles and various layer numbers, where thick-film conductive paths were present. The applicability of the obtained results was demonstrated by the development of a 3D shaped module with a thick-film pressure sensor.
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Pistsova, Irina N. "Contemporary Trends in the Author’s Ceramics by V. V. Portnova." Izvestia Ural Federal University Journal Series 1. Issues in Education, Science and Culture 29, no. 3 (2023): 76–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/izv1.2023.29.3.049.

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The article is devoted to the development of the Ural artistic ceramics in the late XX — early XXI century, in the history of which a significant role belongs to the representatives of the Krasnoyarsk ceramic school. During this period, changes in socio­economic conditions led to shift in cultural priorities, which manifested themselves in the polystylistics of postmodernism, that influenced the decorative and applied arts of Russia. The research of the issue is based on the art history and interdisciplinary scientific methods. Using the example of the work of the famous ceramist V. V. Portnova, the author examines the current trends in the shaping of contemporary Russian ceramics­ that are interest in tectonics and work with the surface. The author analyzes the evolution of the creative style of the ceramist, revealing individual engagement in the artistic and figurative solution of ceramic objects.
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Ruszaj, Adam. "Unconventional processes of ceramic and composite materials shaping." Mechanik 90, no. 3 (March 6, 2017): 188–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.17814/mechanik.2017.3.39.

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In order to reach the high quality parts of machines or tools very often ceramic or composite materials on metalic or ceramic base are being applied. Efficient shaping above mentioned materials using cutting or classical grinding is difficult because of their high mechanical properties. Rational solution is application of unconventional machining methods as: electrochemical, electrodischarge or electrochemical – electrodischarge (ECDM) in case when machined materials are at least partly conductive of electrical current. In case of shaping ceramic materials unconductive for electrical current the rational solution can be application of Spark Assisted Chemical Engraving (SACE) process – the special kind of ECDM process.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ceramic shaping"

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Andersson, Linnéa. "Shaping Macroporous Ceramics : templated synthesis, X-ray tomography and permeability." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för material- och miljökemi (MMK), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-54677.

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Macroporous ceramic materials have found widespread technological application ranging from particulate filters in diesel engines, tissue engineering scaffolds, and as support materials in carbon capture processes. This thesis demonstrates how the pore space of macroporous alumina can be manipulated, analysed in three-dimensions (3D) using visualisation techniques, and functionalised with a CO2-adsorbing material. A novel method was developed to produce macroporous alumina materials: by combining sacrificial templating with thermally expandable polymeric microspheres and gel-casting of an alumina suspension. This method offers a versatile production of macroporous ceramics in which the level of porosity and the pore size distribution can easily be altered by varying the amount and type of spheres. The permeability to fluid flow could be regulated by controlling the connectivity of the pore space and the size of the smallest constrictions between the pores. Sacrificial templating with particle-coated expandable spheres significantly increased the fraction of isolated pore clusters and reduced both the sizes and the numbers of connections between neighbouring pores, compared to templating with un-coated spheres. The macroporous alumina materials were characterised with X-ray micro-computed tomography (μ-CT). The 3D data-sets obtained by X-ray μ-CT were used to calculate the spatial variation in porosity, the throat and pore size distributions and to calculate the permeability to fluid flow. The throat and pore size distributions were also able to be accurately quantified in only one extrusion and intrusion cycle with water-based porosimetry; a relatively novel and simple characterisation technique. The pore walls of the macroporous alumina materials were also coated with zeolite films by a colloidal processing technique. The CO2-uptake of the coated alumina materials and of hierarchically porous monoliths of zeolites was evaluated and compared.
As the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 2: Submitted. Paper 4: Accepted. Paper 5: Manuscript. Paper 6: Submitted.
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Willis-Ott, Christina. "Ytterbium-doped fiber-seeded thin-disk master oscillator power amplifier laser system." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2013. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5890.

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Lasers which operate at both high average power and energy are in demand for a wide range of applications such as materials processing, directed energy and EUV generation. Presented in this dissertation is a high-power 1 ?m ytterbium-based hybrid laser system with temporally tailored pulse shaping capability and up to 62 mJ pulses, with the expectation the system can scale to higher pulse energies. This hybrid system consists of a low power fiber seed and pre-amplifier, and a solid state thin-disk regenerative amplifier. This system has been designed to generate high power temporally tailored pulses on the nanosecond time scale. Temporal tailoring and spectral control are performed in the low power fiber portion of the system with the high pulse energy being generated in the regenerative amplifier. The seed system consists of a 1030 nm fiber-coupled diode, which is transmitted through a Mach-Zehnder-type modulator in order to temporally vary the pulse shape. Typical pulses are 20-30 ns in duration and have energies of ~0.2 nJ from the modulator. These are amplified in a fiber pre-amplifier stage to ~100 nJ before being used to seed the free-space Yb:YAG thin-disk regenerative amplifier. Output pulses have maximum demonstrated pulse energies of 62 mJ with 20 ns pulse after ~250 passes in the cavity. The effects of thermal distortion in laser and passive optical materials are also. Generally the development of high power and high energy lasers is limited by thermal management strategies, as thermally-induced distortions can degrade laser performance and potentially cause catastrophic damage. Novel materials, such as optical ceramics, can be used to mitigate thermal distortions; however, thorough analysis is required to optimize their fabrication and minimize thermal distortions. Using a Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor (SHWFS), it is possible to analyze the distortion induced in passive and doped optical elements by high power lasers. For example, the thin-disk used in the regenerative amplifier is examined in-situ during CW operation (up to 2 kW CW pump power). Additionally, passive oxide-based optical materials and Yb:YAG optical ceramics are also examined by pumping at 2 and 1 ?m respectively to induce thermal distortions which are analyzed with the SHWFS. This method has been developed as a diagnostic for the relative assessment of material quality, and to grade differences in ceramic laser materials associated with differences in manufacturing processes and/or the presence of impurities. In summation, this dissertation presents a high energy 1 ?m laser system which is novel in its combination of energy level and temporal tailoring, and an analysis of thermal distortions relevant to the development of high power laser systems.
Ph.D.
Doctorate
Optics and Photonics
Optics and Photonics
Optics
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Dailly, Julian. "Synthèse et caractérisation de nouveaux matériaux de cathode pour piles à combustible à conduction protonique PCFC (Protonic Ceramic Fuel Cell)." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00416109.

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Le développement de piles à combustibles capables de fonctionner à des températures intermédiaires de l'ordre de 400-600°C présente un grand intérêt tant du point de vue du vieillissement des matériaux que des différents éléments du système complet. Une des technologies envisagées est basée sur l'utilisation d'électrolyte céramique possédant une conduction protonique élevée (Protonic Ceramic Fuel Cell PCFC). A ce jour, un des problèmes principaux concerne les fortes surtensions observées au niveau de la cathode lors du passage d'un courant.
Dans ce cadre, le but de nos recherche a été de concevoir de nouveaux matériaux de cathode pour pile PCFC présentant de bonnes propriétés de conduction mixte ionique et électronique ainsi qu'une activité catalytique élevée vis-à-vis de la réaction de réduction de l'oxygène, entre 400 et 600°C. Plusieurs matériaux à conduction mixte ont été synthétisés à l'ICMCB, notamment des perovskites et des oxydes de structure de type Ruddlesden-Popper (en particulier les oxydes A2MO4+). Des analyses thermogravimétriques ont été réalisées pour étudier la stabilité de ces phases sous air humide, ainsi qu'une éventuelle insertion d'eau dans la structure. Des demi-cellules symétriques ont été élaborées pour les caractérisations éléctrochimiques par spectroscopie d'impédance complexe et voltampérométrie (mesures de résistances spécifiques de surface, courbes de polarisation cathodique).
Les caractérisations physico-chimiques et électrochimiques ont permit de sélectionner les meilleurs composés et ont conduit à la réalisation de la première monocellule PCFC utilisant le matériau de cathode Pr2NiO4+. Des densités de puissance de 100 mW/cm² ont été mesurées pour une température de fonctionnement de 600°C.
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Aballea, Pierre. "Mise en forme, densification et propriétés optiques de céramiques transparentes CaF2 Yb, pour applications en laser de puissance." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066752.

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L’objectif de ce travail de thèse est d’étudier et de comprendre le comportement au frittage de céramiques CaF2:Yb, dans l’optique de produire des céramiques transparentes de qualité optique compatible avec une application en amplification laser. Dans un premier temps, les caractéristiques qui font des céramiques CaF2:Yb une option intéressante pour le domaine de l’amplification laser visant les fortes puissances moyenne sont rappelées. Dans un second temps, la méthode de production des nano-poudres de base est exposée et les caractéristiques de ces dernières étudiées pour faire ressortir les défauts potentiellement limitant pour la suite du procédé. Trois voies de mises en forme de corps à cru basés sur ces nano-poudres sont explorées, dont deux se basant sur des voies humides, inédites pour des céramiques optiques de matériaux fluorés : Le pressage isostatique sur des poudres sèches, le coulage en moule poreux, et une méthode novatrice de mise en forme par centrifugation. Le comportement des crus issus de chacun de ces modes de mises en forme vis-à-vis du traitement thermique, et les céramiques en résultant sont étudiés. Puis, dans une dernière partie, les propriétés optiques et laser des céramiques produites sont examinées et comparées aux propriétés de monocristaux de composition comparables
The goal of this Ph.D. work is to study and understand CaF2:Yb ceramics sintering behaviour in order to produce transparent ceramics, comprising a rather limited residual porosity and optical quality compatible with a laser amplification purpose. First, the characteristics which make of ytterbium doped calcium fluoride an interesting material for high average power laser amplifiers will be reminded. Then, the method used for raw CaF2:Yb nanopowders production will be explained, and the nanopowders characteristics and potential deficiencies toward a ceramics process will be exposed. Three distinct shaping ways are explored for green body forming, two of them involving wet shaping conditions which are quite a new feature for a fluoride material-based laser ceramic such as CaF2:Yb : Isostatic pressing of dried nanopowders, slip casting, and an innovative wet shaping way using centrifuge forces and not involving porous moulds or charged slurries use. The sintering behaviour of each production ways green bodies are studied. Finally, the optical and laser properties are observed for each of the synthesis methods and compared to ideals single crystals with similar composition
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Baumann, Andreas. "Pulverspritzgießen von Metall-Keramik-Verbunden." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universitaet Bergakademie Freiberg Universitaetsbibliothek "Georgius Agricola", 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:105-qucosa-64267.

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Die in der vorliegenden Arbeit untersuchten Metall-Keramik-Verbunde wurden mittels Pulverspritzgießen hergestellt. Unter Anwendung der teilautomatisierten Verfahrensoptionen Mehrkomponentenspritzgießen und Inmould-Labelling, welches u. a. die Verwendung tiefgezogener Grünfolien beinhaltete, wurden hierzu 2K-Prüfkörpergeometrien (Zugstab, Biegebruchstab, Ringverbund) und 2K-Demonstratoren (Innenzahnrad, Fadenführer, Greifer) jeweils bestehend aus Stahl 17-4PH und ZrO2 (3%Y2O3), im Co-Sinterverfahren unter H2-Atmosphäre bei 1350°C, entwickelt. Schlüssel zur Darstellung schwindungskonformer ZrO2- und Stahl 17-4PH-Formgebungsmassen war der Angleich der Pulverpackungsdichte. Untersucht wurde neben der Werkstoff- und Gefügeausbildung das sich während dem Formgebungs- und Sinterprozess ausbildende Metall-Keramik-Interface sowie die sich bevorzugt in diesem Bereich manifestierenden Verbundeigenspannungen. Neben der stoffschlüssigen Versinterung beider Partner konnte eine Steigerung der Verbundfestigkeit durch Legierungsmodifikation unter Ausschluss technologischer Fehlerquellen erreicht und spezifiziert werden.
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Di, Maio Yoan. "Etude de l'interaction laser-matière en régime d'impulsions ultra-courtes : application au micro-usinage de matériaux à destination de senseurs." Phd thesis, Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Etienne, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00994999.

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Le laser à impulsions ultra-courtes constitue un procédé innovant et très avantageux pour la découpe de céramiques piézoélectriques PZT. Grâce à un fort confinement spatiotemporel de l'énergie au cours de l'interaction, ce système minimise les dégâts collatéraux et préserve l'intégrité physique du matériau sur des échelles micrométriques. Néanmoins, une propagation de faisceau mal maîtrisée, associée à des mécanismes d'interaction complexes fonction de la cible irradiée, peuvent impliquer de fortes disparités sur la qualité d'usinage. Dans le cadre d'une application industrielle donnée, ces travaux nous ont donc permis d'approfondir les principales étapes d'optimisation d'un tel procédé selon des critères de reproductibilité, de qualité et de rapidité. Pour cela, nous avons tout d'abord souligné l'influence des propriétés gaussiennes des faisceaux et de leur perturbation afin de définir la distribution énergétique au niveau des plans de focalisation. Aussi, la quantification de l'interaction via les critères de seuil et de taux d'ablation, d'incubation et de saturation a contribué à comprendre la réaction du matériau de manière macroscopique. Les problèmes méthodologiques inhérents à leurs calculs ont été mis en évidence et ont permis par la suite d'anticiper les formes d'usinage ainsi que les temps de procédé. Dans un second temps, l'optimisation des paramètres laser s'est appuyée sur des caractérisations aussi bien qualitatives pour l'aspect visuel que quantitatives avec l'estimation de la stoechiométrie et des contraintes résiduelles au niveau des flancs d'usinage. Nous avons en outre tiré profit de la piézoélectricité afin de développer une méthode d'observation in situ de la réponse à l'onde de choc laser contribuant à la compréhension des fissurations apparentes. Nous proposons au terme de ce travail un jeu de paramètres optimal pour la découpe de PZT assurant une bonne répétabilité du procédé tout en minimisant les défauts d'usinage comme la fissuration, les dépôts de surface et les irrégularités de bords. Des essais sur la mise en forme spatio-temporelle de faisceau sont enfin abordés principalement en tant que perspective d'accélération du procédé et encouragent son utilisation pour une future industrialisation
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Lallemant, Lucile. "Obtention d’alumines α dopées polycristallines transparentes par Spark Plasma Sintering." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ISAL0082/document.

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L'élaboration de céramiques polycristallines transparentes constitue un défi technologique important. Les matériaux transparents actuellement utilisés (verres ou monocristaux) possèdent des propriétés mécaniques (dureté, résistance à l'usure) et physico-chimiques (résistance à la corrosion) moins intéressantes que celles des céramiques polycristallines. Par ailleurs, le coût de production de ces dernières est inférieur à celui des monocristaux. Les deux principaux paramètres à contrôler afin d'augmenter les propriétés optiques de l'alumine alpha polycristalline sont sa porosité, comme pour tout matériau transparent, et sa taille de grains, du fait de sa biréfringence. Aussi on cherchera à obtenir après frittage un matériau possédant une très faible porosité (inférieure à 0,05%) avec une distribution fine en taille de pores centrée sur des porosités nanométriques, et une taille de grains très fine (plus grand que 0,5 µm). Actuellement, cette microstructure particulière est obtenue en ~ 15 heures en combinant un frittage naturel suivi d'un traitement par Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP). La technique de Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) utilisée dans cette étude permet d’obtenir des céramiques denses possédant une microstructure fine en des temps plus courts. Premièrement, un protocole d'élaboration d'une alumine pure transparente a été mis au point. Il repose sur la préparation de crus à microstructure contrôlée avant l'étape de frittage. Principalement, ils doivent présenter une distribution fine en taille de pores avec un empilement particulaire macroscopique homogène dépourvu d'agglomérats. Le cycle de frittage SPS a également été optimisé afin d'obtenir les meilleures transmissions optiques possibles. Ensuite, un protocole de dopage par des inhibiteurs de croissance de grains a été optimisé. La nature du sel dopant influe au second ordre sur les propriétés optiques des échantillons par rapport à une calcination préalable au frittage. La nature et/ou la quantité de dopant induisent un décalage plus ou moins important de la densification vers les hautes températures. Le cycle de frittage SPS doit donc être adapté en conséquence. Le taux de dopant doit être optimisé afin d'obtenir une microstructure fine après frittage sans présence de particules de seconde phase. Différents dopants ont été comparés (magnésium Mg, lanthane La et zirconium Zr) et l'échantillon possédant les meilleures propriétés optiques a été obtenu grâce à un dopage à 200 cat ppm de lanthane. Des optimisations au niveau de la morphologie des poudres (plus fines et plus sphériques) et de la préparation des suspensions d'alumine alpha dopées au lanthane (lavage par centrifugation) ont permis d'obtenir l'un des meilleurs échantillons d'alumine transparente reporté dans la littérature. Il possède une transmission optique de 68% et une taille de grains de l'ordre de 300 nm. Ses propriétés mécaniques (dureté, résistance à l'abrasion) sont supérieures à celles d'un monocristal de saphir
Obtaining transparent polycrystalline ceramics became an important technological challenge over the last decade. Their high mechanical (hardness, wear resistance) and physico-chemical (corrosion resistance) properties combined with a high transparency and a reasonable price could lead them to replace glasses or monocrystals as sapphire in optical applications. The main parameters to control in order to obtain highly transparent polycrystalline alpha-alumina (PCA) are the porosity size and amount as for the other transparent materials. However, as PCA is a birefringent material, the grain size also needs to be controlled. That’s why PCA should possess after sintering grains as small as possible (bigger than 0.5 µm) and a porosity closed to 0.00% with nanometric pores. This particular microstructure is usually obtained in ~ 15 hours by combining natural sintering in air with a post Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP) treatment. In our study, the Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) technique was used as it enables to obtain fully dense ceramics in shorter times while limiting the grain growth. First, a protocol to obtain a pure transparent PCA was established. It consists on preparing green bodies with a controlled particle’s packing before sintering. Mainly, the particle’s packing has to be macroscopically homogeneous and without agglomerates. Moreover, the pore size distribution should be the narrowest. The SPS sintering cycle was also optimised to obtain the highest optical transmission. Then, a doping protocol with grain growth inhibitors was optimised. The nature of the doping salt has a secondary effect on optical properties compared to a thermal treatment applied before sintering. Depending on the doping agent nature and/or amount, the densification temperature changes. The SPS sintering cycle has thus to be adapted. The doping agent amount has to be optimised to obtain a fine microstructure after sintering without second phase particles. Different doping agents have been compared (magnesium Mg, lanthanum La and zirconium Zr). The sample having the highest optical properties was doped with 200 cat ppm of lanthanum. Finally, an optimisation of the powder’s morphology (finer and more spherical) was performed. Moreover, the lanthanum doped alpha-alumina slurry’s preparation was optimized using centrifugation. All these processes have enabled us to obtain one of the most transparent PCA sample ever reported in the literature. It possesses an optical transmission of 68% and a grain size around 300 nm. Its mechanical properties (hardness, wear resistance) are higher than the ones of a sapphire monocrystal
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Yu, ChinYu, and 余金玉. "Building and Shaping: Self-interpretation of Yu, Chin-Yu’s Ceramic Creations." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/90459334811903037993.

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碩士
國立臺灣藝術大學
工藝設計學系碩士班
99
Building is the image of the society; space is the frame of living. I was born in a small country town, but now I’ve already lived in Taipei for a long time. I start to get used to the life in the city. However, those simple village scenes unceasingly stimulate me whenever I am on my way to my home town. Maybe that’s because there’s always simple happiness in the deep of my heart. Therefore, I regard the concept of building as the topic of my creations, and I’d like to interpret the image of the building in my heart with a brand new style and the artistic attitude toward art. This research of my creations shows mainly my sensory concept of architecture. From the issues of space and signs, it brings three series of the creations which are “the space of the structure “, “the image of signs” and “the appearance of the shape”. Series one is that the shape is mainly displayed by the concept of the house. Under the making of the structure, it makes a kind of feeling of the light in the space. Series two is to apply the expression of the architectural signs to recombine the most common shapes to become a harmonious frame and make it an interesting link with the containers which are fit into the daily life. The final series performs the simplest form and leads the viewers from visual seeing to enter a shapeless entity space to explore the connection between the architecture and people’s mentality.
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9

Baumann, Andreas. "Pulverspritzgießen von Metall-Keramik-Verbunden." Doctoral thesis, 2010. https://tubaf.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A22747.

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Die in der vorliegenden Arbeit untersuchten Metall-Keramik-Verbunde wurden mittels Pulverspritzgießen hergestellt. Unter Anwendung der teilautomatisierten Verfahrensoptionen Mehrkomponentenspritzgießen und Inmould-Labelling, welches u. a. die Verwendung tiefgezogener Grünfolien beinhaltete, wurden hierzu 2K-Prüfkörpergeometrien (Zugstab, Biegebruchstab, Ringverbund) und 2K-Demonstratoren (Innenzahnrad, Fadenführer, Greifer) jeweils bestehend aus Stahl 17-4PH und ZrO2 (3%Y2O3), im Co-Sinterverfahren unter H2-Atmosphäre bei 1350°C, entwickelt. Schlüssel zur Darstellung schwindungskonformer ZrO2- und Stahl 17-4PH-Formgebungsmassen war der Angleich der Pulverpackungsdichte. Untersucht wurde neben der Werkstoff- und Gefügeausbildung das sich während dem Formgebungs- und Sinterprozess ausbildende Metall-Keramik-Interface sowie die sich bevorzugt in diesem Bereich manifestierenden Verbundeigenspannungen. Neben der stoffschlüssigen Versinterung beider Partner konnte eine Steigerung der Verbundfestigkeit durch Legierungsmodifikation unter Ausschluss technologischer Fehlerquellen erreicht und spezifiziert werden.:1 Einleitung und Zielstellung .................................................................................................5 2 Stand der Technik ..............................................................................................................6 2.1 Metall-Keramische-Verbundwerkstoffe und Werkstoffverbunde.....................................6 2.2 Werkstoffsystem ............................................................................................................6 2.2.1 Oxidkeramische Metall-Keramik-Verbunde.................................................................9 2.2.2 Nichtoxidkeramische Metall-Keramik-Verbunde........................................................15 2.3 Metall-Keramik-Interface..............................................................................................17 2.3.1 Stahl-Keramik-Komposite.........................................................................................21 2.3.2 Stahl-Keramik-Schichtverbunde................................................................................25 2.4 Konventionelle Verbindungs- und Fügetechnik.............................................................27 2.4.1 Kraft- und Formschluss.............................................................................................28 2.4.2 Lösbare Verbindungen .............................................................................................28 2.4.3 Nicht lösbare Verbindungen .....................................................................................29 2.4.4 Stoffschlüssige Verbindungen ..................................................................................30 2.5 Pulvertechnologische Verbindungs- und Fügetechnik ...................................................32 2.5.1 Co-Shaping..............................................................................................................34 2.5.2 Co-Firing..................................................................................................................38 2.6 Pulverspritzgießen........................................................................................................42 2.6.1 Prozesskette.............................................................................................................43 2.6.2 Werkstoffe...............................................................................................................45 2.6.3 Verfahrenscharakteristik...........................................................................................46 2.6.4 PIM in der industriellen Praxis ...................................................................................48 2.6.5 Mehrkomponentenspritzguss...................................................................................49 2.7 Prüfung und Spezifikation für spritzgegossene Metall-Keramik-Verbunde.....................52 2.7.1 zerstörende Prüfverfahren........................................................................................52 2.7.2 zerstörungsfreie Prüfverfahren .................................................................................55 2.7.3 Prädikative Methoden ..............................................................................................55 3 Experimenteller Teil..........................................................................................................57 3.1 Pulveranmusterung ......................................................................................................57 3.1.1 Feedstockherstellung und Charakterisierung ............................................................58 3.1.2 Grünfolienherstellung und Charakterisierung ...........................................................60 3.1.3 Thermische Analyse..................................................................................................62 3.2 Fertigungstechnologie..................................................................................................62 3.2.1 2-Komponentenpulverspritzgießen...........................................................................64 3.2.2 Folienhinterspritzen..................................................................................................64 3.2.3 Entbinderung und Sinterung ....................................................................................65 3.3 Werkstoff- und Verbundspezifikation...........................................................................66 3.3.1 Bestimmung der Dichte............................................................................................66 3.3.2 Dilatometrie.............................................................................................................66 3.5.2 Optische Interfaceanalyse.........................................................................................67 3.5.3 Mechanische Festigkeit ............................................................................................67 3.5.4 Röntgenographische Eigenspannungsanalyse ...........................................................68 4 Ergebnisdiskussion ...........................................................................................................70 4.1 Werkstoff- und Pulverauswahl .....................................................................................70 4.1.1 Untersuchungen zum Co-Sinterverhalten von Metall- und Keramikpulvern........................................................................................................78 4.1.2 Werkstoff- und Gefügeausbildung während der Co-Sinterung .................................85 4.2 Feedstock- und Bindersystem .......................................................................................92 4.2.1 Rheologische Eigenschaften .....................................................................................95 4.2.2 Thermisches Verhalten und Entbinderung ................................................................99 4.2.3 Verarbeitung von Feedstock und Grünfolie.............................................................101 4.3 Prüfkörperentwicklung...............................................................................................105 4.3.1 Gestaltungsoptionen..............................................................................................105 4.3.2 Verfahrensverifizierung ..........................................................................................106 4.3.3 Qualitative Bewertung der Verfahrensoption Inmould-Labelling..............................109 4.4 Werkstoffverbund.........................................................................................................112 4.4.1 Metall-Keramik-Interface........................................................................................112 4.4.2 Zugfestigkeit..........................................................................................................119 4.4.3 Verbundeigenspannungen .....................................................................................122 5 Zusammenfassung.........................................................................................................126 6 Literaturverzeichnis ........................................................................................................130 7 Abkürzungsverzeichnis...................................................................................................140 Anhang ................................................................................................................................141 A1 Spezifikation ZrO2-Feedstock Z1 .................................................................................142 A2 Spezifikation Stahl-17-4PH-Feedstock M1 ..................................................................143 A3 Rezeptur ZrO2-Folien ..................................................................................................144 A4 Rezeptur Stahl 17-4PH-Folien.....................................................................................145 A5 Prozessparameter – Spritzgießen (Bsp. Biegebruchstab 7x7x70mm)............................146 A6 Folienkonfektionierung – Bsp.- Demonstrator Greifer .................................................147 A7 Prozessautomatisierung – Bsp. Demonstrator Fadenführer..........................................148 A8 Spritzgegossene Demonstratoren – 2K-Spritzgießen...................................................149 A9 Spritzgegossene Demonstratoren – Inmould-Labelling................................................150 A10 Dilatometerschaubilder ..............................................................................................151 A11 Mikrozugproben ........................................................................................................152 A12 studentische Arbeiten ................................................................................................153
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Books on the topic "Ceramic shaping"

1

McColm, I. J. Forming, shaping, and working of high performance ceramics. Glasgow: Blackie, 1988.

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Peeters, Dean. Shaping Regionality in Socio-Economic Systems: Late Hellenistic - Late Roman Ceramic Production, Circulation, and Consumption in Boeotia, Central Greece. Archaeopress, 2022.

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The World Market for Parts of Machinery for Sorting, Washing, Crushing, or Mixing Earth, Stone, or Ores and for Shaping Solid Mineral Fuels and Ceramic Pastes: A 2004 Global Trade Perspective. Icon Group International, Inc., 2005.

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Parker, Philip M. The World Market for Machinery for Sorting, Washing, Crushing or Mixing Earth, Stone, or Ores; Machinery for Shaping Solid Mineral Fuels and Ceramic Pastes; ... Their Parts: A 2007 Global Trade Perspective. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.

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Parker, Philip M. The World Market for Parts of Machinery for Sorting, Washing, Crushing, or Mixing Earth, Stone, or Ores and for Shaping Solid Mineral Fuels and Ceramic Pastes: A 2007 Global Trade Perspective. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.

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The World Market for Machinery for Sorting, Washing, Crushing or Mixing Earth, Stone, or Ores; Machinery for Shaping Solid Mineral Fuels and Ceramic Pastes; ... Their Parts: A 2004 Global Trade Perspective. Icon Group International, Inc., 2005.

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Parker, Philip M. The 2007 Import and Export Market for Machinery for Agglomerating, Shaping, or Molding Solid Mineral Fuels and Ceramic Pastes in Powder or Paste Form and for Forming Sand Foundry Molds in China. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.

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Parker, Philip M. The World Market for Machinery for Agglomerating, Shaping, or Molding Solid Mineral Fuels and Ceramic Pastes in Powder or Paste Form and for Forming Sand Foundry Molds: A 2007 Global Trade Perspective. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.

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The World Market for Machinery for Agglomerating, Shaping, or Molding Solid Mineral Fuels and Ceramic Pastes in Powder or Paste Form and for Forming Sand Foundry Molds: A 2004 Global Trade Perspective. Icon Group International, Inc., 2005.

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Book chapters on the topic "Ceramic shaping"

1

Carter, C. Barry, and M. Grant Norton. "Shaping and Forming." In Ceramic Materials, 423–37. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3523-5_23.

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Verduch, Antonio Garcia. "Shaping Structural Clay Products." In Fundamentals of Ceramic Engineering, 73–80. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3836-9_5.

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Kaiser, Alfred, Thomas Hutzler, Andreas Krell, and Robert Kremer. "Optimized Shaping Process for Transparent Spinel Ceramic." In Ceramic Transactions Series, 1–11. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118771464.ch1.

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Menchavez, Ruben L., Masayoshi Fuji, Hiroaki Takegami, Tomohiro Yamakawa, and Minora Takahashi. "Gelcasting Formulation of Alumina Slurry Offering Some Advantages in Ceramic Shaping." In Ceramic Transactions Series, 257–62. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118144145.ch40.

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Kaiser, Alfred, Thomas Hutzler, Andreas Krell, and Robert Kremer. "Optimized Shaping Process for Transparent Spinel Ceramic." In Advanced Processing and Manufacturing Technologies for Structural and Multifunctional Materials VII, 49–56. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118807965.ch6.

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Pan, Ming-Jen, Stephanie Wimmer, and Virginia DeGiorgi. "Mechanical Behavior of Green Ceramic Tapes Used in a Viscoelastic Shaping Process." In Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings, 81–88. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119040354.ch9.

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Tanaka, Satoshi, Kazunori Mishina, and Keizo Uematsu. "Fabrication of SrTi4 Bi4 O15 Piezoelectric Ceramics with Oriented Structure Using Magnetic Field-Assisted Shaping and Subsequent Sintering Processing (MFSS)." In Ceramic Transactions Series, 39–46. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470528990.ch6.

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Uchikoshi, Tetsuo, Seiichi Furumi, Tohru S. Suzuki, and Yoshio Sakka. "Direct Shaping of Alumina Ceramics by Electrophoretic Deposition Using Conductive Polymer-Coated Ceramic Substrates." In Advanced Materials and Processing IV, 227–30. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-466-9.227.

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Seitz, Gerhard. "Modern Shaping Methods in the Tableware Industry." In Materials & Equipment/Whitewares: Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings, Volume 20, Issue 2, 75–88. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470294543.ch8.

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Medvedovski, Eugene. "Large-Sized Structural Ceramic Manufacturing by the Shaping of Thixotropic Slurries." In Advanced Processing and Manufacturing Technologies for Structural and Multifunctional Materials V, 147–58. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118095379.ch17.

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Conference papers on the topic "Ceramic shaping"

1

Rashid, Asif, Muhammad P. Jahan, Asma Perveen, and Jianfeng Ma. "Development of Trends and Methodologies for Shaping Ceramics by Electrical Discharge Machining: A Review." In ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-10946.

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Abstract Ceramic materials possess excellent properties like high hardness, superior corrosion resistance and great resistance to wear. These materials are low in density and demonstrate high strength to wear ratio. There is an increasing need to machine these hard and brittle materials as they have various engineering applications. The distinguishing properties of ceramics do not allow them to be machined by conventional processes. Electrical discharge machining (EDM) is a non-conventional process and a viable option to machine and generate complex shapes in hard materials. EDM can be used on materials irrespective of its hardness and wear resistance as it is a non-contact machining process and no active force is applied between the workpiece and electrode during machining. As EDM requires the workpiece to be electrically conductive, machining ceramics by this process is a challenge. Alterations need to be carried out in order for insulating ceramics to be machined by this process. This paper discusses the basics of EDM process and its control parameters. A classification of ceramic materials based on their electrical conductivity is established and their relevance to the respective material removal mechanisms have been identified. Different approaches to successfully machine ceramics by EDM have been reviewed. The challenges and modifications of each method have been discussed. An outline and expectations for machining a particular ceramic material and its composites have been generated. Finally, the prospects of future research in this area have been identified.
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Rekow, E. Dianne, and Van P. Thompson. "Clinical Performance: A Reflection of Damage Accumulation." In ASME 2000 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-2662.

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Abstract Clinical performance of an prosthesis is directly dependent on damage introduced during fabrication and during fatigue loading associated with function. The relation between shaping damage and fatigue damage on clinical performance of all-ceramic dental crowns was investigated. Materials used commercially for all-ceramic crowns and investigated in this study included a series of different microstructures of machinable glass ceramics (Corning), aluminas and porcelains (Vita Zahnfabrik), and zirconias (Norton).
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Marx, Thomas A. "Advanced processes for the shaping of the Zerodur glass ceramic." In Rochester, CAN-AM, edited by Ronald L. Antos and Allen J. Krisiloff. SPIE, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.47785.

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Miyamoto, Isamu, and Hiroshi Maruo. "Novel laser beam shaping optics: LSV optics applications to transformation hardening and ceramic joining." In ICALEO® ‘92: Proceedings of the Laser Materials Processing Symposium. Laser Institute of America, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2351/1.5058545.

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Mallison, Thomas M., and Michael F. Modest. "Transient Elastic Stress Development During Laser Scribing of Ceramics." In ASME 1999 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1999-1081.

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Abstract Lasers are emerging as a valuable tool for shaping and cutting hard and brittle ceramics. Unfortunately, the large, concentrated heat flux rates that allow the laser to efficiently cut and shape the ceramic also result in large localized thermal stresses in a small heat-affected zone. These notable thermal stresses can lead to micro-cracks, a decrease in strength and fatigue life, and possibly catastrophic failure. In order to assess where, when, and what stresses occur during laser scribing, an elastic stress model has been incorporated into a three-dimensional scribing and cutting code. First, the code predicts the temporal temperature fields and the receding surface of the ceramic. Then, using the scribed geometry and temperature field, the elastic stress fields are calculated as they develop and decay during the laser scribing process. The analysis allows the prediction of stresses during continuous wave and pulsed laser operation, a variety of cutting speeds and directions, and various shapes and types of ceramic material. The results of the analysis show substantial tensile stresses develop over a thick layer below and parallel to the surface, which may be the cause of experimentally observed subsurface cracks.
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Graber, Benjamin D., Athanasios P. Iliopoulos, John G. Michopoulos, John C. Steuben, Nicole A. Apetre, George M. Petrov, Luke A. Johnson, Richard P. Fischer, Edward P. Gorzkowski, and Eric A. Patterson. "Controlling Microwave Energy Deposition Using Active Plasma Elements for Material Processing Applications." In ASME 2022 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2022-91096.

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Abstract This work is motivated by the need to modulate microwave beam propagation, phase, shape, and direction using an array of plasma elements. Tailoring microwave beams in this fashion will enable new material processing capabilities such as induced localized heating. An initial process example consists of a cylindrical plasma element inserted into a waveguide between a microwave radiation source and a material of interest. In order to establish the feasibility of the proposed process, an accurate model of an argon mercury plasma including plasma-microwave coupling was developed and described herein. Both microwave plasma heating and magnetic plasma couplings are considered. The required computational framework was implemented within the COMSOL Multiphysics finite element solver. The model is first used to investigate a 2D geometry, before being extended to a 3D geometry. The obtained solutions of the relevant partial differential equations and the associated predictions increased the understanding of the interplay between plasma and electromagnetic properties under consideration in the model. Model implementation confirms that a plasma element can be used to modulate incident microwave radiation, thereby shaping the transmitted beam. The framework also enables analysis of beam shaping techniques under consideration for material processing of ceramics. For ceramic processing, beam shaping techniques are being used to direct microwave radiation to predictable, localized areas in order to sinter the dielectric powders under consideration.
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7

Hartwell, Alexander R., Saifeldeen K. Elsayed, Zhao Qin, and Jeongmin Ahn. "Using Simulation and Experiment to Develop a Design Methodology for Self-Shaping Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Multilayer Ceramic Composites." In ASME Power Applied R&D 2023. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2023-108848.

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Abstract Traditional ceramic manufacturing techniques offer a limited assortment of achievable 3D geometries. For multilayer ceramic composites, such as solid oxide fuel cells, this is further limited to only planar and tubular forms. While there has been interest in a variety of advanced manufacturing techniques such as 3D printing, a less conventional option has also gained interest. Self-shaping of multilayer ceramic composites utilizing mismatched thermal expansion coefficient driven bilayer shrinkage is an alternative manufacturing strategy which circumvents many issues associated with other techniques. In this process, a tape cast substrate is sprayed with a patterned or uniform film which contracts relative to the substrate while cooling from the peak sintering temperature to room temperature resulting in controlled deformation. Reliably predicting the final 3D geometry for any arbitrary combination of 2D substrate shape and film pattern is nontrivial, and disagreement between the degree of curvature predicted from theory and that observed from experiment complicate the adoption of this manufacturing strategy. This work looks at several geometries for which these scaling laws have already been developed and applies them to the ceramic system both through experimentation and simulation. By comparing experiment and simulation, we can modify our model to accurately represent the real material behavior. We seek to accommodate this disagreement so that we may accurately apply the above-mentioned scaling laws to efficiently design starting substrate and film.
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8

Cheng, Chun-An, Hung-Liang Cheng, Chien-Hsuan Chang, En-Chih Chang, Long-Fu Lan, and Hao-Fang Hsu. "A Novel Driver Circuit for Piezoelectric Ceramic Actuator Featuring with Input-Current-Shaping and Soft-Switching." In 2022 25th International Conference on Mechatronics Technology (ICMT). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmt56556.2022.9997738.

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Castellana, Jesse, and Shreyes Melkote. "Material Removal Characteristics of Longitudinal Turning of Green Ceramics." In ASME 2022 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2022-95037.

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Abstract Green ceramic machining involves shaping a dried and extruded part, consisting of a ceramic powder held together by a polymer binder, before it is sintered. This paper investigates the effects of longitudinal turning on the material removal characteristics of green aluminum oxide (alumina) rods, of different binder composition and particle sizes. Forces during machining and the roughness of the machined surfaces are measured and their relationship to the process parameters are analyzed. Results show that low feed, fine alumina particle size, and a positive rake angle tool increased the machining forces. Surfaces were also smoother when the feed was low and the rake angle was positive.
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10

Natansohn, S., and A. E. Pasto. "Improved Processing Methods for Silicon Nitride Ceramics." In ASME 1991 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/91-gt-316.

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This paper reviews the status of a program1 to develop silicon nitride ceramics of high strength and reliability, with the material performance goals being a tensile strength of 900 MPa at room temperature and 500 MPa at 1370°C, both with a Weibull modulus of 20. The selected process consists of injection molding and hot isostatic pressing of a silicon nitride formulation containing 6 w/o yttria as sintering aid. A comprehensive experimental approach has been adopted which consists of: a. complete characterization and subsequent modification of the starting silicon nitride powder in an attempt to correlate powder characteristics to ceramic properties; b. the design and fabrication of appropriate specimens for tensile strength testing; c. the implementation of alternate powder processing and shaping techniques, including the design of new compounding/molding equipment; and d. the expansion of non-destructive evaluation capabilities.
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