Journal articles: 'Ceramic-Metal Systems'

1

Saiz, E., R. M. Cannon, and A. P. Tomsia. "Reactive Spreading in Ceramic/Metal Systems." Oil & Gas Science and Technology 56, no. 1 (January 2001): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2516/ogst:2001011.

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Passerone, A., and M. L. Muolo. "Joining Technology in Metal-Ceramic Systems." Materials and Manufacturing Processes 15, no. 5 (August 2000): 631–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10426910008913010.

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Lee, M., and Y. H. Yoo. "Analysis of ceramic/metal armour systems." International Journal of Impact Engineering 25, no. 9 (October 2001): 819–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0734-743x(01)00025-2.

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4

Passerone, Alberto. "Interfacial phenomena in metal-ceramic systems." Materials Chemistry and Physics 15, no. 3-4 (September 1986): 263–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0254-0584(86)90005-2.

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Wagner, M., T. Wagner, D. L. Carroll, J. Marien, D. A. Bonnell, and M. Rühle. "Model Systems for Metal-Ceramic Interface Studies." MRS Bulletin 22, no. 8 (August 1997): 42–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400033807.

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Metal-ceramic composite applications range from electronic devices such as electronic packaging, thin-film technology in microwave circuitry, and magnetic storage media to catalyst supports, protective coatings, and high-temperature structural components. These applications rely heavily on the ability to engineer the mechanical and electronic properties of metal-ceramic interfaces. To understand fundamental aspects of these interfaces, a variety of experimental and theoretical studies on “model systems” have been performed, correlating macroscopic material behavior and microscopic characteristics. The results serve as a guide to more complex systems, with a closer relationship to technological applications.

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Daróczi, Lajos, C. Hegedűs, V. Kökényesi, and Dezső L. Beke. "Interfacial Structures Developed by Firing Metal-Ceramic Dental Systems." Materials Science Forum 517 (June 2006): 153–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.517.153.

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Metal-ceramic systems play very important role in the prosthetic dentistry. The most widely used metallic alloys are the Ni-Cr, Co-Cr, Au-based alloys and Ti. The bonding strength between the metal base and the ceramic covering layer can be very different in different systems and is strongly affected by the firing conditions as well. For the further improvement of the bonding properties the detailed knowledge of the microstructure of the metal–ceramic interlayer is essential. In this work our results, obtained by scanning and transmission electron microscopy on systems of commercial alloys and corresponding porcelains will be reviewed.

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Zhao, Hong, Pedro Miranda, Brian R. Lawn, and Xiaozhi Hu. "Cracking in Ceramic/metal/polymer Trilayer Systems." Journal of Materials Research 17, no. 5 (May 2002): 1102–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2002.0163.

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Fracture and deformation in model brittle-outerlayer/metal-core/polymer-substrate trilayer systems in concentrated loading are studied. Model systems for experimental study are fabricated from glass microscope slides glued with epoxy adhesive onto steel and aluminum sheets, and the resulting laminates glued onto polycarbonate substrate bases. Critical loads to initiate two basic fracture modes in the glass layers—cone cracks at the top surfaces and radial cracks at the undersurfaces—are measured as a function of metal thickness byin situobservation through the glass side walls. Finite element modeling (FEM) is used to quantify these competing fracture modes. The more damaging radial fracture mode is attributed to flexure of the glass layers on soft underlayers. Although much of this flexure can be eliminated by removing the soft adhesive interlayer between glass and metal, yield in the metal limits the potential increases in critical load for radial cracking. Trilayer systems consisting of porcelain fused to Co-, Pd- and Au-alloy core support layers relevant to dental crowns are then analyzed by FEM. The hardness (especially) and elastic modulus of the metal are identified as the primary controlling material parameters, with modulus and strength of the brittle layer as supplemental parameters. Guidelines for improving metal-based crownlike layer structures are thereby developed via optimization of metal properties and relative layer thicknesses.

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Upadhyaya, GS. "Sintering of multiphase metal and ceramic systems." Materials & Design 10, no. 5 (September 1989): 268–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0261-3069(89)80068-8.

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9

Mirkovic, Nemanja. "Mechanical properties of metal-ceramic systems from nickel-chromium and cobalt-chromium alloys." Vojnosanitetski pregled 64, no. 4 (2007): 241–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vsp0704241m.

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Background/Aim. Metal-ceramic bond strength and alloys' elastic modulus clearly determine the potential of alloy application, because the ceramic integrity during mastication depends on these two characteristics. The aim of this study was to evaluate metal-ceramic bond strength and elastic modulus of cobalt-chromium alloys in making porcelainfused- to-metal restorations, regarding the application of the most frequent nickel-chromium alloy. Methods. The research was performed as an experimental study. Six metalceramic samples were made from nickel-chromium alloy (Wiron 99) and cobalt-chromium alloy (Wirobond C), according to the manufactures manuals and instructions from ISO 9693: 1996. Three-point bending test was performed up to the ceramic fracture. The fracture load was measured on an universal testing machine (Zwick, type 1464), with cross-head speed of 0,05mm/min. Results. The results of this study confirmed the significant differences between the metal-ceramic bond strength (p < 0.01) and elastic modulus (p < 0.001) of nickel-chromium and cobalt-chromium alloys, where cobalt-chromium alloys showed higher values for both tested parameters. Conclusion. Cobalt-chromium metal-ceramic alloys can successfully replace nickel-chromium alloys, especially for fabrication of long-span metal-ceramic bridges due to the great flexural strength.

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Martins, Leandro Moura, Fabio Cesar Lorenzoni, Alcides Oliveira de Melo, Luciana Mendonça da Silva, José Luiz G. de Oliveira, Pedro Cesar Garcia de Oliveira, and Gerson Bonfante. "Internal fit of two all-ceramic systems and metal-ceramic crowns." Journal of Applied Oral Science 20, no. 2 (April 2012): 235–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1678-77572012000200019.

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Donovan, Terry E., and George C. Cho. "Soft Tissue Management With Metal-Ceramic and All-Ceramic Crown Systems." Journal of the California Dental Association 26, no. 2 (February 1, 1998): 107–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19424396.1998.12221647.

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12

Kamli, K., Z. Hadef, A. Gacem, and N. Houaidji. "Prediction of Adhesion Energy Terms in Metal/Ceramic Systems by Using Acoustic Parameters." METALLOFIZIKA I NOVEISHIE TEKHNOLOGII 42, no. 5 (July 20, 2020): 717–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/mfint.42.05.0717.

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13

Miculescu, Marian, Mihai Branzei, Florin Miculescu, Daniela Meghea, and Marin Bane. "A Study on Metal-Ceramic Thermal Expansion Compatibility." Solid State Phenomena 216 (August 2014): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.216.85.

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Push rod method for determining linear thermal expansion using vertical differential dilatometer was used in the study of the thermal compatibility of metal-ceramic systems for dental applications. The purpose of this study consisted in evaluating the effectiveness of dental coating by determining the ceramic metal bonding strength of metal-ceramic couples (Ni-Cr and Co-Cr alloy coated with dental ceramic) and correlation with the difference of linear thermal expansion coefficients of metals and ceramics.

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Pilathadka, Shriharsha, and Dagmar Vahalová. "Contemporary All-ceramic Materials – Part 1." Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic) 50, no. 2 (2007): 101–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.14712/18059694.2017.63.

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Over the past 35 years, multiple types of all-ceramic materials have been introduced as an ideal alternative for metal-fused to ceramic. This review covers state-of-the-art development of all-ceramic systems in terms of history, material composition, fabrication technologies, and structural and strength properties. These materials are proved to be ideal in terms of mechanical properties and biocompatibility, making metal-free ceramic restorations a realistic clinical alternative for conventional metal-fused-to ceramic.

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dos Santos, Juliana Gomes, Renata Garcia Fonseca, Gelson Luis Adabo, and Carlos Alberto dos Santos Cruz. "Shear bond strength of metal-ceramic repair systems." Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry 96, no. 3 (September 2006): 165–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.prosdent.2006.07.002.

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16

Eustathopoulos, N. "Dynamics of wetting in reactive metal/ceramic systems." Acta Materialia 46, no. 7 (April 10, 1998): 2319–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1359-6454(97)00388-1.

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Eustathopoulos, N. "Dynamics of wetting in reactive metal/ ceramic systems." Acta Materialia 46, no. 7 (April 1998): 2319–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1359-6454(98)80013-x.

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18

Dalgleish, B. J., E. Saiz, A. P. Tomsia, R. M. Cannon, and R. O. Ritchie. "Interface formation and strength in ceramic-metal systems." Scripta Metallurgica et Materialia 31, no. 8 (October 1994): 1109–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0956-716x(94)90535-5.

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19

Lee, M. "Hypervelocity impact into oblique ceramic/metal composite systems." International Journal of Impact Engineering 29, no. 1-10 (December 2003): 417–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2003.09.037.

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20

Draganjac, Miroslav. "The optimization form of the metal substructures for metal-ceramic systems." Vojnotehnicki glasnik 46, no. 6 (1998): 341–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/vojtehg9803341d.

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21

Aronov, V., and T. Mesyef. "Wear in Ceramic/Ceramic and Ceramic/Metal Reciprocating Sliding Contact. Part 1." Journal of Tribology 108, no. 1 (January 1, 1986): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3261136.

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This paper is the first of a series of two devoted to an investigation of wear mechanisms in ceramic/ceramic and ceramic/metal sliding contact tribological systems at high temperatures and exhaust gas environment. The first part presents results of the experiments carried out at room temperature and air environment. Scanning electron microscope, optical microscope and X-ray dispersion analysis were used for an identification of wear mechanisms. Surface geometry and morphology, friction coefficients and wear were determined as functions of sliding distance, nominal contact pressure, sliding velocity and mechanical properties of specimens (hardness and fracture toughness). The wear mechanism of ceramics rubbed against ceramics may be attributed to intensive plastic deformation of surfaces resulting in low cycle fatigue. The wear mechanism of ceramics rubbed against metals was polishing and surface fracture, while that of metals was adhesive transfer of material on to ceramic surfaces. Wear rates and friction coefficients were independent of mechanical properties of metallic samples.

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22

Zhang, Guo Liang, Lei Shi, and Da Zhi Jin. "Residual Stresses Distributions within Thin-Walled Ceramic-Metal Seal." Advanced Materials Research 503-504 (April 2012): 428–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.503-504.428.

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Due to significant difference of thermal expansion coefficients between ceramic and metal, the residual stresses are deemed to be induced into the interior of matrix composites within the ceramic-metal seal systems. Many investigations of the residual stresses distributions on dissimilar solid materials joints so far have been carried out theoretically and experimentally, whereas ones of the residual stresses distributions within the thin-walled ceramic-metal seal systems are rarely performed. In order to obtain information for improving their seal structures in the future, the residual stresses distributions resulted from the thermal expansion behavior in the typical configuration of the thin-walled ceramic-metal seal are investigated by theoretical formulae, experimental observation and finite element method (FEM) simulation in this paper. The changing trends of the computational results of the residual stresses distributions agree with the experimental results of the measurement with X-ray diffractometer. The overall residual stresses are found to increase drastically near the welding interfaces. The highest tensile stress occurs at the outer surfaces of the ceramic near the welding interfaces.

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23

Juntavee, Patrapan, Hattanas Kumchai, Niwut Juntavee, and Dan Nathanson. "Effect of Ceramic Surface Treatment and Adhesive Systems on Bond Strength of Metallic Brackets." International Journal of Dentistry 2020 (May 25, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7286528.

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Objective. This study evaluated the effect of ceramic surface treatments on bond strength of metal brackets to machinable ceramics and veneering porcelain using different adhesive resins. Materials and methods. Machined ceramic specimens (10 × 10 × 2 mm) were prepared from Vitablocs mark II (Vita) and IPS e.max® CAD (Ivoclar). Layered porcelain fused to metal (IPS d.Sign®, Ivoclar) was used to fabricate PFM specimens (n = 60/group). Half of specimens were etched (9.6% HF, 15 sec), and the rest were nonetched. Three resin bonding systems were used for attaching metal brackets (Victory series™ APC II, 3M) to each group (n = 10): Transbond™ XT (3M), Light Bond™ (Reliance), or Blugloo™ (Ormco), all cured with LED curing unit (Bluephase G1600, Vivadent) for 50 s each. Specimens were immersed in deionized water at 37°C for 24 hours prior to shear bond testing (Instron) at crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. Debond surface of ceramic and bracket base was examined for failure mode (FM), Ceramic Damage Index (CDI), and Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI). ANOVA and post hoc multiple comparisons were used to analyze the differences in bond strength. The chi-squared test was used to determine significance effect of FM, CDI, and ARI. Results. Significant differences in shear bond strength among group were found (p≤0.05) related to ceramic, surface treatment, and resin cement. Conclusion. Bond strength of bracket to ceramic is affected by type of ceramic, resin cement, and ceramic surface conditioning. Etching ceramic surface enhanced ceramic-bracket bond strength. However, bond strengths in nontreated ceramic surface groups were still higher than bond strength required for bonding in orthodontic treatment.

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Hefter, J., G. Werber, and S. Kang. "Analysis of ceramic-metal braze alloy systems by EPMA." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 50, no. 1 (August 1992): 64–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100120722.

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The development of advanced material systems for brazing silicon nitride-based ceramics to various metallic substrates (e.g. Incoloy 909 Fe-based superalloy) depends strongly upon the structural and chemical nature of a number of interfaces (ceramic-braze and braze-metal) as well as on the braze microstructure. Such systems are being considered for joining ceramic rotors to metal shafts in automotive applications. Coatings may be deposited on the ceramic surface prior to brazing to promote braze adhesion and wetting. These materials further complicate the resulting microstructure of the system.Electron probe microanalysis can play a substantial role in the elucidation of the resulting braze microstructures since both phase morphology, distribution, and chemistry may be obtained. Here, a PY-6 silicon nitride ceramic was brazed to Incoloy 909 by using a Mo interlayer brazed between the two materials, Figure 1. The braze is a Au-5Ni-2Pd solid solution system and was used as a 50 μm thick foil. Brazing was accomplished by holding the specimen at 1080 °C for 10 min in a vacuum furnace. A cross-section for EPMA analysis was obtained by normal metallographic methods. All EPMA data were collected using a JEOL JXA-840 coupled with a Noran 5402 EDS system. Digital, background-subtracted maps (256x256, 0.1 s/point) were collected using “IPP” software.

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Sangiorgi,, R., M. L. Muolo,, and R. Minisini,. "A Corrosion Testing Device for Liquid Metal-Ceramic Systems." High Temperature Materials and Processes 8, no. 4 (July 1989): 259–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/htmp.1989.8.4.259.

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Sotiropoulou, D., S. Agathopoulos, and P. Nikolopoulos. "Work of adhesion in ceramic oxide/liquid metal systems." Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology 10, no. 10 (January 1996): 989–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156856196x00058.

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Eustathopoulos, N., D. Chatain, and L. Coudurier. "Wetting and interfacial chemistry in liquid metal-ceramic systems." Materials Science and Engineering: A 135 (March 1991): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0921-5093(91)90541-t.

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Carcea, Ioan, and Maricel Agop. "Transition and equilibrium processes in metal-ceramic particle systems." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 26, no. 11 (November 1995): 3021–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02669658.

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Konopka, Katarzyna. "Shape, Size and Distribution of Metal Particles Embedded in a Ceramic Matrix." Solid State Phenomena 231 (June 2015): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.231.57.

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The presented paper is a review of own work done on two systems of composites, Al2O3‑Ni and Al2O3-Fe. The previous own results of research into shape, size and distribution of the metal particles and spinel phase embedded in a ceramic matrix are referred to and new ones are presented. Metal particles as well as spinel can be distributed uniformly in a ceramic matrix or can form graded structures. Most often there are agglomerates of metal or spinel particles rather than separated particles embedded in ceramic grains. In composites the growing spinel forms a thick oval layer around a metal particle, however, separate spinel areas embedded in a ceramic matrix are noticed, too. Also, the characteristic “doughnut” shape of spinel is found. Since the metal and spinel phase influence the mechanical properties, the required properties of ceramic-metal composites can be tailored by changing the size, shape and distribution of the phases.

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30

Dawod, Nazem, Marian Miculescu, Iulian Vasile Antoniac, Florin Miculescu, and Doriana Agop-Forna. "Metal–Ceramic Compatibility in Dental Restorations According to the Metallic Component Manufacturing Procedure." Materials 16, no. 16 (August 10, 2023): 5556. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16165556.

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In terms of production technology, metal–ceramic systems for dental restorations comply with a concrete algorithm, the efficiency of which is always dependent on the applications for which they are intended. The first stage involves obtaining metal support, followed by firing the ceramic on the surface of the metal to meet the list of functional and aesthetic requirements of a future restoration. The compatibility of the two materials—the metal component and the ceramic component—must be ensured in several respects: chemical compatibility, thermo–chemical compatibility, and mechanical compatibility. Thus, there is a need to simulate the thermal behavior of the metal–ceramic couple in its processing to achieve appropriate dental prostheses. In this study, three types of Co–Cr metal frames were manufactured using three different production technologies: conventional casting, milling (CAM), and selective laser melting (SLM). Composition analyses, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and microstructural analyses of the metal–ceramic interface for each type of production technology, as well as the determination of the hardness and the thermal expansion coefficients of experimental materials and three-point bending tests, were carried out in this study. Considering all these aspects, we demonstrated the influence of the technology of producing the metallic part of the metal–ceramic bonding process in dental prostheses.

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Ayyildiz, Simel Tezcan, and Emine Çelik Bagci. "Evaluation of Coronal Microleakage in Two Different Post-Core Systems." International Journal of Prosthodontics and Restorative Dentistry 1, no. 3 (2011): 163–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10019-1030.

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ABSTRACT Aims The aim of this in vitro study was to compare the cast metal and ceramic post-core systems, which have similar laboratory and clinical procedures according to coronal microleakage. Materials and methods Forty extracted maxillary anterior teeth were endodontically treated. Specimens were randomly assigned to four experimental groups (n = 10). The groups consisted of a cemented metal post-core group (CMPC), a not cemented metal post-core group (NMPC), a cemented ceramic post-core group (CZPC) and a not cemented ceramic post-core group (NZPC). A dual-cure resin cement (Panavia F) was used for both of the cemented groups. All specimens were stained with basic fuchsine and embedded in epoxy resin. Sagittal sections were obtained using a grinding machine and examined under binocular and coal microscopes. Coronal leakages were scored and data were analyzed using Kruskall-Wallis analysis of variance test. Results Results were compared between and within groups. No statistically significant differences were found between groups. Conclusion Cement alone is not sufficient to provide a barrier against microleakage in post-core restorations. The chosen post-core type or application methods may be more relevant to the leakage issue.

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Fahmy, Nadia Z., and Eman Salah. "An In Vitro Assessment of a Ceramic-Pressed-to-Metal System as an Alternative to Conventional Metal Ceramic Systems." Journal of Prosthodontics 20, no. 8 (December 2011): 621–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-849x.2011.00767.x.

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Donald, Ian W., B. L. Metcalfe, L. A. Gerrard, and J. A. Fernie. "Preparation, Characterization and Applications of Glass-Ceramic-to-Metal Seals." Advances in Science and Technology 64 (October 2010): 135–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.64.135.

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It is recognized that many factors need to be taken into consideration in the successful design and manufacture of high quality glass-ceramic-to-metal seals, particularly if an adequate component lifetime is to be achieved. During their preparation, undesirable reactions may occur between diffusing metal species and glass constituents, and these can lead to the formation of highly localized internal stresses, the presence of which can initiate failure of a seal either during manufacture or, more seriously, whilst in service due to the influence of static fatigue. In the case of high temperature systems, reactions under hostile operating conditions also need to be taken into consideration. A thorough understanding of the relevant glass-ceramic/metal interactions is therefore required in order that steps can be taken to avoid or at least minimize reactions within the interfacial region that may lead to localized modifications of the glass-ceramic microstructure. In this contribution, factors influencing the lifetime behaviour of glass-ceramic/metal systems are reviewed and discussed, with particular reference given to SOFC sealants and also to advanced electrical components developed at AWE including seals to stainless steels and Ni-based superalloys. Fundamental studies on bonding to pure Fe, Ni and Cr are also included.

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Mikheeva, A. A., and G. V. Bol’shakov. "Bond strength of restoration materials used for dental ceramics repair." Kazan medical journal 95, no. 1 (February 15, 2014): 22–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kmj1449.

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Aim. To assess the bond strength of composite material to ceramic surface of metal-ceramic-fixed dental prosthesis depending on the type of restoration systems used for chipped porcelain restorations. Methods. Bond strength of restoration material to porcelain coating surface were studied according to ISO 10477 issued at 01.10.2004. The surface of the ceramic-metal plates was polished by different methods depending on the restoration system used. Restorative material was applied using a template. Prepared samples were placed in a testing machine and loaded at a constant crosshead speed of 1±0.3 mm/min before separation, the load F at break was registered by an automatic recorder. Results. Similar bond strength results were revealed for restoration systems not requiring acid pickling of porcelain surface («Cimara», «Ceramic Repair») and restoration system including 9.5% hydrofluoric acid «Porcelain etch silane»: 17.993, 17.774 and 17.896 MPa respectively. Bond strength was much higher (25.278 MPa) if restoration system with 4% hydrofluoric acid was used. «Vertise™ Flow» restorative single-component material also provided significant bond strength - 24.315 MPa. Conclusion. The study showed the possibility of using a single-component restorative material to repair chipped porcelain tile coating metal-ceramic-fixed dental prostheses. For longer life of chipped porcelain tile coating restoration of dental prostheses, the use of restoration systems including 4% hydrofluoric acid is recommended.

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Upadhyaya, Gopal S. "Synergetics of Sintering of Multiphase Metal and Ceramic Alloy Systems." Solid State Phenomena 8-9 (January 1991): 95–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.8-9.95.

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Carradò, Adele. "Residual stress distribution in ceramic/metal systems by nondestructive techniques." Procedia Engineering 10 (2011): 3074–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2011.04.509.

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Landry, K., and N. Eustathopoulos. "Dynamics of wetting in reactive metal/ceramic systems: linear spreading." Acta Materialia 44, no. 10 (October 1996): 3923–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1359-6454(96)00052-3.

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Li, Jian-Guo. "Chemical trends in the thermodynamic adhesion of metal/ceramic systems." Materials Letters 22, no. 3-4 (February 1995): 169–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-577x(94)00244-4.

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39

Swiler, T. P., and R. E. Loehman. "Molecular dynamics simulations of reactive wetting in metal–ceramic systems." Acta Materialia 48, no. 18-19 (December 2000): 4419–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1359-6454(00)00228-7.

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40

Li, J. G. "Wetting and interfacial bonding in liquid metal/solid ceramic systems." Composite Interfaces 1, no. 1 (January 1, 1993): 37–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156855493x00301.

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41

Evans, A. G., M. Rühle, and M. Turwitt. "ON THE MECHANICS OF FAILURE IN CERAMIC/METAL BONDED SYSTEMS." Le Journal de Physique Colloques 46, no. C4 (April 1985): C4–613—C4–626. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jphyscol:1985466.

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Scolaro, Juliano Milczewsky, Jefferson Ricardo Pereira, Accácio Lins do Valle, Gerson Bonfante, and Luiz Fernando Pegoraro. "Comparative study of ceramic-to-metal bonding." Brazilian Dental Journal 18, no. 3 (2007): 240–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-64402007000300012.

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Dentists and technicians have used dental ceramics associated with different types of alloys without taking into account the characteristics of compatibility of these materials. Knowing the properties of the alloy and ceramic used in metal/ceramic restorations is a key factor for treatment success. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the bond strength of a palladium-silver alloy (Pors-on 4) to 3 ceramics (Ceramco, Noritake and Vita VMK-68) using shear forces at the metal-ceramic interface. A stainless steel cylindrical matrix was used for preparation of the metal dies, application of ceramic and shear strength testing. Thirty palladium-silver alloy cylinders received two layers of opaque and two layers of body porcelain, and shear tests were performed in a universal testing machine at a cross-head speed of 0.5 mm/min. Shear bond strength means (in MPa) were: 28.21(Ceramco), 28.96 (Noritake) and 24.11 (Vita VMK-68). One-way ANOVA did not show statistically significant differences (p>0.05) among the materials. The results of this study indicate that the three evaluated ceramic systems are suitable to be used in combination with the tested palladium-silver alloy.

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Mirkovic, Nemanja. "Effect of recasting on the elastic modulus of metal-ceramic systems from nickel-chromium and cobalt-chromium alloys." Vojnosanitetski pregled 64, no. 7 (2007): 469–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vsp0707469m.

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Background/Aim. Elastic modulus of metal-ceramic systems determines their flexural strength and prevents damages on ceramics during mastication. Recycling of basic alloys is often a clinical practice, despite the possible effects on the quality of the future metal-ceramic dentures. This research was done to establish recasting effects of nickel-chromium and cobalt-chromium alloys on the elastic modulus of metalceramic systems in making fixed partial dentures. Methods. The research was performed as an experimental study. Six metal-ceramic samples of nickel-chromium alloy (Wiron 99) and cobalt-chromium alloy (Wirobond C) were made. Alloy residues were recycled through twelve casting generations with the addition of 50% of new alloy on the occasion of every recasting. Three- point bending test was used to determine elastic modulus, recommended by the standard ISO 9693:1999. Fracture load for damaging ceramic layer was recorded on the universal testing machine (Zwick, type 1464), with the speed of 0,05 mm/min. Results. The results of this research revealed significant differences between elasticity modules of metal-ceramic samples in every examined recycle generation. Recasting had negative effect on the elastic modulus of the examined alloys. This research showed the slight linear reduction of elastic modulus up to the 6th generation of recycling. After the 6th recycling there was a sudden fall of elastic modulus. Conclusion. Recasting of nickelchromium and cobalt-chromium alloys is not recommended because of the reduced elastic modulus of these alloys. Instead of reusing previously recasted alloys, the alloy residues should be returned to the manufacturer. .

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Jassim, Dr Haider H., and Dr Haider H. Jassim. "Evaluation of the shear bond strengths between two alternative metal alloys and porcelain." Mustansiria Dental Journal 10, no. 2 (February 25, 2018): 161–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.32828/mdj.v10i2.207.

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The success of metal-ceramic restorations is influenced by the compatibilitybetween base metal alloys and porcelains. Although porcelain manufacturersrecommend their own metal systems as the most compatible for fabricating metalceramicprostheses, a number of alloys have been used. The purpose of this study wasto evaluate the bond strength of CoCr alloy (Wironbond C) and NiCr alloy (Wiron 99)using shear forces at the metal-ceramic interface. A stainless steel cylindrical matrixwas used for preparation of the metal dies, application of ceramic and to perform theshear tests. Ten metal dies of each alloy were made for each alloy, and the metallicportion was obtained with the lost wax casting technique with standardized waxing of6.5mm of height and of 6mm of diameter. The ceramic was applied according to themanufacturer’s recommendations with the aid of a Teflon matrix that allowed itsdimension to be standardized in the same size as the metallic portion, and shear testswere performed in a universal testing machine at a cross-head speed of 0.5mm/min.The mean shear bond strength values were 53.06MPa for Wirobond C alloy, withstandard deviation of 10.67, and 45.38MPa for Wiron 99, with standard deviation of9.01. No statistically significant difference was observed between the shear strengthof the two metal-ceramic alloys.

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Theng, Kai Yuan, Muchtar Andanastuti, Mohamed M. Aboras, Norziha Yahaya, and Mariyam Jamaludin Ghazali. "Properties and Survival Rate of all Ceramics Dental Crown: A Review." Applied Mechanics and Materials 465-466 (December 2013): 857–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.465-466.857.

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All-ceramic dental crown restoration is popular because it results in better aesthetic quality than metal alloy restoration. Ceramics also show superior biocompatibility and inertness to human biological systems. However, clinical experience indicates that all-ceramic crowns are not as durable as their porcelain-fused-to-metal counterparts, particularly on molar teeth. New ceramic biomaterials that combine durability with excellent aesthetic qualities have been developed. In this study, several promising bioceramics for dental crown applications are evaluated and compared. The evaluated parameters include strength of the material, survival rate in clinical performance, and aesthetic quality.

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Hsu, Fu Yuan, Cheng Lung Li, and John Campbell. "Ceramic Foam Filters in Runner System Design for Castings." Key Engineering Materials 573 (September 2013): 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.573.19.

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In the design of runner systems, ceramic foam filters are used for reducing the velocity of liquid metal in order to avoid so called bifilm defect resulting from a high gating velocity (over its critical gating velocity) in aluminum gravity casting. In this study, two types of runner systems incorporated with the ceramic foam filters were designed. In order to observe the flow phenomena in these two runner systems with and without the filters, a water analogy experiment in a transparent plastic mold was utilized. Furthermore, in order to understand the effect of the filters used in these systems, an aluminum sand casting experiment was conducted. The quality of the cast metal in the outlet area of the filter for these systems was investigated. The defect content of this casting sample was measured by the re-melt reduced pressure test (re-melt RPT) and followed by measuring its bulk density. An optimized runner system with the filter was suggested in this study. Keywords: ceramic foam filter, runner system design, gravity casting, critical gating velocity, bifilm defect.

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Lubas, Malgorzata, Jaroslaw Jan Jasinski, Anna Zawada, and Iwona Przerada. "Influence of Sandblasting and Chemical Etching on Titanium 99.2–Dental Porcelain Bond Strength." Materials 15, no. 1 (December 24, 2021): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15010116.

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The metal–ceramic interface requires proper surface preparation of both metal and ceramic substrates. This process is complicated by the differences in chemical bonds and physicochemical properties that characterise the two materials. However, adequate bond strength at the interface and phase composition of the titanium-bioceramics system is essential for the durability of dental implants and improving the substrates’ functional properties. In this paper, the authors present the results of a study determining the effect of mechanical and chemical surface treatment (sandblasting and etching) on the strength and quality of the titanium-low-fusing dental porcelain bond. To evaluate the strength of the metal-ceramic interface, the authors performed mechanical tests (three-point bending) according to EN ISO 9693 standard, microscopic observations (SEM-EDS), and Raman spectroscopy studies. The results showed that depending on the chemical etching medium used, different bond strength values and failure mechanisms of the metal-ceramic system were observed. The analyzed samples met the requirements of EN ISO 9693 for metal-ceramic systems and received strength values above 25 MPa. Higher joint strength was obtained for the samples after sandblasting and chemical etching compared to the samples subjected only to sandblasting.

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Fiorin, Livia, Guilherme Teixeira Theodoro, Izabela Cristina Maurício Moris, Renata Cristina Silveira Rodrigues, Ricardo Faria Ribeiro, and Adriana Cláudia Lapria Faria. "Fracture toughness of three heat pressed ceramic systems." Brazilian Journal of Oral Sciences 17 (April 3, 2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/bjos.v17i0.8651897.

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Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate fracture toughness by indentation method of three dental ceramics processed by heat pressing. The ceramics evaluated were fluorapatite glass ceramic (ZIR), glass ceramic containing leucite (POM) and leucite-reinforced glass ceramic (EMP). Materials and methods: Ninety disks (13mm of diameter x 4mm of thickness) and nine rectangular specimens (25x4x2mm) were made to evaluate, respectively, microhardness/fracture toughness (n=30) and elastic modulus (n=3). Samples were obtained by pressing ceramic into refractory molds. After polishing, Vickers microhardness was evaluated under 4,904N load for 20s. Elastic modulus was measured by impulse excitation technique. Data from microhardness and elastic modulus were used to calculate fracture toughness, after measuring crack length under 19,6N load applied for 20s. Results were evaluated by ANOVA and Tukey´s test. Results: Microhardness (VHN) of POM (637.9±53.6) was statistically greater (p<0.05) than ZIR (593.0±14.3), followed by EMP (519.1±21.5); no significant difference (p=0.206) was noted for elastic modulus (GPa) (ZIR: 71.5±9.0; POM: 67.3±4.4; EMP: 61.7±2.3). Fracture toughness (MPa/m) of POM (0.873±0.066) was statistically lower (p<0.05) than ZIR (0.977±0.021) and EMP (0.965±0.035). Conclusion: The results suggest that fluorapatite glass ceramic (ZIR) and leucite-reinforced glass ceramic (EMP) processed by heat pressing presented greater fracture toughness, improving clinical prognosis of metal free restorations.

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Indacochea, J. E., A. Polar, and S. M. McDeavitt. "Challenges in Joining Advanced Ceramic Materials: Interface Formation of Ceramic/Metal High-Temperature Brazes." Materials Science Forum 502 (December 2005): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.502.7.

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This paper describes the metallurgical interfacial reactions at elevated temperatures between reactive zirconium metal and stable oxide ceramics, specifically beryllia, yttria, and magnesia- zirconia composite ceramic. The ceramic/metal systems were preheated at 600°C, and then heated to peak temperatures of 1800°C or above, depending of the system, in ultra pure Argon atmosphere. After a short stay at the peak temperature, each system was cooled to room. The interaction was monitored during heating by a video camera and the interfaces were microscopically examined after the thermal cycle. The microstructure and chemical changes at the interface were evaluated via SEM and EDS. During heating of the beryllia/Zr system, the ceramic was initially reduced and Be alloyed the Zr metal in solid solution, causing Zr to melt locally at the interface at about 1600°C instead of 1855°C. The alloy Zr-Be liquid is what later dissolved the beryllia and infiltrated partially into the ceramic substrate. It seems that there was no solid state reaction between the Zr metal and yttria since Zr melted at its melting temperature of 1855°C; it is evident, however, that the liquid Zr partially dissolved yttria at the interface; yttrium and oxygen segregated to the grain boundaries. The solidified metal tightly bonded to the ceramic substrate as the system cooled to room temperature. In the Zr-MgO/ZrO2 system, Zr melted at 1855°C and it reduced the magnesia, but at the same time the magnesium was volatilized.

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Evans, A. G., and M. Rühle. "Microstructure and Fracture Resistance of Metal/Ceramic Interfaces." MRS Bulletin 15, no. 10 (October 1990): 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400058668.

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Metal-ceramic interfaces play an important, sometimes controlling, role in composites, multilayer substrates, capacitors, electron tubes, and automotive power sources. Often bonding and adhesion between the ceramic and metal are critical to the components' performance. Interface geometry and chemistry play a dominant role in determining the mechanical and electrical integrity of composites. Furthermore, unique properties may be developed from multilayer ceramic-metal structures.Systematic studies of metal-ceramic interfaces started in the early 1960s. Such studies were directed toward identifying general rules that govern bonding and interface behavior both theoretically and experimentally, including the thermodynamics of interfacial reactions and crys-tallographic relationships, and toward evaluating atomistic structure at the interface. This article summarizes results concerning the interrelation between atomistic structure and the macroscopic fracture resistance of metal-ceramic interfaces. More details are published in a recent conference proceedings.Determining atomistic structures of metal-ceramics interfaces is, in general, complicated since the two materials that have to be matched exhibit different atoms (ions) and possess different crystal symmetries, crystal structures, and lattice parameters. The adjacent lattices are not commensurate, the two different structures can be described as being just quasiperiodic. However, examples exist where the lattice mismatch is small, and both components possess the same lattice symmetry. Ag/MgO and Nb/Al2O3 interfaces are examples that serve as model systems for experimental studies as well as theoretical calculations. The interfaces can be formed either by diffusion-bonding, internal oxidation, or epitaxial film growth.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Ceramic-Metal Systems'

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