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1
Standring, Tom. "Design and development of the carrier system for ceramic core fabrication." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2016. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/6804/.
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Ceramic cores are utilised during turbine blade manufacture to develop cooling channels within the finished component. These cores, fabricated by ceramic injection moulding, must possess an array of properties to ensure minimal defect development during casting. The carrier system, powder interactions and component forming, critical in ceramic injection moulding, have been investigated within this project. The binder systems were developed using paraffin wax, ethylene vinyl acetate and polyethylene with stearic acid incorporated as a surfactant. Binder system development illustrated that a wide range of melting, rheological and mechanical properties could be produced by binder blending. The moulding success was improved by feedstock optimisation, with optimal surfactant levels determined between five and ten ‘layers’ upon the powder surface. Optimisation maximised the achievable ceramic solids loading, measured and estimated by density and rheological methods. Binder systems illustrating a good resistance to fracture with adequate flow characteristics have been shown to successfully form complex cores to high yields. Success in component forming was limited by feedstock fluidity, final components were more prone to crack development when the binder system had reduced crack resistance and success of the wicking process was limited in some systems by formulation with proposed mechanisms explained.
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Lee, Keejoo. "A ceramic damage model for analyses of multi-layered ceramic-core sandwich panels under blast wave pressure loading." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/2589.
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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2005.Thesis research directed by: Aerospace Engineering. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Wilson, Paul James. "Investigating the formulation of silica-based ceramic core materials for investment casting." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2011. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/2829/.
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An investigation has been performed into the formulation of silica-based ceramic core materials for investment casting. The formulation of 3 materials that are currently used by Ross Ceramics was investigated in detail and the data from this used to determine the elements of the formulation that should be investigated in more detail. The techniques used included a variety of mechanical tests at both room and high temperatures, dilatometry, phase analysis by XRD and chemical analysis by XRF, pore analysis by simple Archimedes tests and mercury porosimetry and both scanning electron and transmitted light microscopy. A large number of materials were created with different formulations and the various characterisation techniques employed were used to determine the function of the different constituent. It was determined that the function of zircon was to prevent grain boundary movement at elevated temperatures via the Zener effect, by acting as a non-reactive secondary phase. The zircon also had an additional consequence from the inherent contamination, with alumina, from the ball-mill procedure performed by the supplier. This had the effect of significantly affecting several high temperature properties. The effect of several dopant materials: TiO2, Al2O3, MgO, cristobalite seed and Molochite addition was also investigated. The latter two were determined to function mainly by their inherent contamination. The other additives affected the materials in different ways depending on the amount used and the presence of any phase eutectics that had detrimental effects on the high temperature material properties. The particle size distribution of the materials was also investigated. It was determined from the experiments that the D20 was an important factor for deterring final material properties and that most materials obeyed a modified Griffith’s crack theory relation, with the exception of materials with a larger zircon particle size than that of the main silica constituent. From this work new materials could be created using the knowledge gained and material properties could be optimised to meet specific requirements by changing zircon quantity, dopant levels and particle size.
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Rajala, Jonathan Watsell. "ELECTROSPINNING FABRICATION OF CERAMIC FIBERS FOR TRANSPARENT CONDUCTING AND HOLLOW TUBE MEMBRANE APPLICATIONS." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1480909959851349.
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Tirala, David. "Testování a hodnocení vlastností keramických jader pro technologii vytavitelného modelu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-445169.
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Production of top quality castings for applications in energy, aerospace and medical industries by the addition of ceramic cores to investment casting presents many metallurgical and technological problems. Ceramic cores applied in investment casting are subjects to many requirements in terms of their inertness to the casted alloy and at the same time to their final removal from the casting cavity in such a way that does not damage the casting. Both of these assumptions can be achieved by applying a thin layer of inert oxide ceramic coating to the surface of a ceramic core, made out of a chemically removable – leachable oxide ceramic.
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Lomax, Lawrence Talbot. "The development of a self-disintegrating core-body for use in an art bronze-casting foundry which employs the ceramic-shell investment technique." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/219.
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The development of a disintegrating core-body for use in an art bronze foundry, which employs the ceramic shell investment process, begins with an investigation of four principal materials that will constitute the core formula. The specifications for the disintegration of the designed core-body formula fall within the parameters that are normally set and used in the ceramic shell art bronze casting process. The raison d’ être for the disintegrating formula is based on the premise that cement breaks down (spalling) after being subjected to heat above a certain temperature. It was shown that pure cement in the form of naked test bars 100 mm x 20 mm x 20 mm does indeed break down into separate pieces when fired to and above 9000C; where 9000C is the lowest recommended temperature required for sintering the ceramic shell investment mould. The addition of calcium carbonate to pure cement in the form of naked test bars, produced a more unified formula that did not break into separate pieces when fired to 9450C. However this combination of cement and calcium carbonate had a slow setting time of 12 hours and a shrinkage value of 2,3%, which were both above the parameters being sought for a quick-setting formula with a shrinkage value of below 1%. The combination of cement, plaster of paris and silica produced formulae that set within six hours and had shrinkage values of less than 1% but did not disintegrate within 72 hours. It was only after the addition of calcium carbonate to the these mixes that formulae resulted that set within six hours, had relatively low shrinkage values and showed signs of breaking up after 60 hours. It was further shown that by altering the ratios of cement, plaster of paris, calcium carbonate and silica, that the parameters for quick-setting formulae with shrinkage values of 1% and below, that also disintegrated within 55 hours, could be achieved. xvi It was also proved by subjecting these formulae to higher relative humidity conditions that the disintegrating times could be reduced and brought to below 48 hours. Selected formulae were then subjected to temperatures of between 9000C and 10000C. It was found that as the temperatures were increased so the disintegration times were reduced and were even further reduced under higher relative humidity conditions. It was found from the above experiments that the selected formula determined to be suitable in all respects as a disintegrating core-body was too difficult to remove from the hollow bronze cast when subjected to an actual bronze pour. Further experimentation using increased proportions of silica in the formula resulted in a final core-body that could be quickly and easily removed from its bronze cast as soon as the core-body had cooled to room temperature. The selected core-body formula (F21D) that was used in the final set of bronze casting procedures was found to function optimally when fired to a temperature of 9000C and could be quickly and easily removed from the bronze casts leaving a clean inner bronze surface, free from any remnants of the fired core. The document concludes by recording the delimitations and advantages of the final core-body formula F21D, as well as making recommendations based on these parameters for further study relating to disintegrating core-body formulations.
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Forberger, Virag Nicole. "Influence of the type of post and core on in vitro marginal continuity, fracture resistance, and fracture mode of lithia disilicate-based all-ceramic crowns /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2009. http://opac.nebis.ch/cgi-bin/showAbstract.pl?sys=000278509.
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Kaštyl, Jaroslav. "Vrstevnaté keramiky připravené metodou termoplastické koextruze." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-234577.
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In the doctoral thesis, the bi-layer ceramic bodies with core-shell geometry were prepared by thermoplastic co-extrusion method and for these composite bodies the mechanical properties were studied. For study of co-extrusion and mechanical properties were designed two composite systems. First system ZTA-A combined the dense core ZTA (zirconia-toughened alumina) and the dense shell Al2O3. Second system ZST-Z consisted of porous core and dense shell made from ZrO2 for both cases. In the thesis, the rheology of ceramic thermoplastic suspensions and their mutual influence during co-extrusion was studied. Subsequently, the debinding process and sintering were studied, and based on the optimization of all process steps were obtained defect-free bodies with core-shell geometry. The mechanical properties (elastic modulus, hardness and bending strength) were determined for sintered bodies. To estimate the stress path in the core shell bodies loaded in bending, the relationship considering different elastic moduli of the core and the shell was used. For bodies of ZTA-A system was increased the strength in comparison with monolithic bodies of the individual components. Thus, bodies with high surface hardness of shell from Al2O3 and moreover having high fracture strength in bending were obtained. The effective elastic modulus was decreased for bodies of ZST-Z system up to 25 % in comparison with the elastic modulus of dense monolithic samples. The same effective modulus of elasticity was possible to achieve with core-shell bodies while maintaining significantly higher fracture strength than monolithic porous bodies or pipes.
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Heyl, Hanna Verena. "Phase Relations in the YBa2Cu3O7-x - SiO2 System and the Impact on Superconducting Fibers." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/95058.
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This dissertation presents the first reported identification and analyses of the phase relations in the YBa2Cu3O7-x (YBCO)-SiO2 system at elevated temperatures. In this regard, a rigorous characterization study of the reaction phases within YBCO glass fibers, heat-treated YBCO+SiO2 pellets, rapid thermally annealed YBCO+SiO2 rods and rapid thermally annealed YBCO powder inside a fused silica tube is provided. These analyses are based on a vast set of generated novel results obtained using energy dispersive spectroscopy analyses on an environmental scanning electron microscope, X-Ray diffraction analyses, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses and a cross-polarized light study.
First, original drawings of YBCO into glass fibers using the molten-core approach on a fiber draw tower in air and oxygen atmospheres are presented and analyzed. The performed analyses reveal the occurrence of reactions between the YBCO core and the silica cladding in as-drawn fibers as well as after additional heat-treatments. A detailed analysis and characterization of the occurring dissolution and diffusion based reaction processes is, then, provided along with the identification of the arising phase separation. Moreover, in order to analyze drawing YBCO glass fibers at lower temperatures, the use of borosilicate as the preform material is also investigated.
This varied set of experiments and associated analyses reveal that the as-drawn YBCO fibers contain an amorphous core and that cuprite (Cu2O) is the first phase to crystallize out of the amorphous silicate matrix upon heat-treatment. Furthermore, the obtained results demonstrate the dissolution of the fused silica cladding into Si4+ and O2- ions and their subsequent diffusion into the molten YBCO core, leading to phase separation due to an occurring miscibility gap in the YBCO-SiO2 system as well as to silicate formation and amorphization of the YBCO core. This, as a result, prohibits the formation of the superconductive YBCO (Y-123) phase upon annealing. In addition, heat-treatment analyses show that higher temperatures or prolonged dwelling times at lower temperatures lead to the formation of barium copper and yttrium barium silicates. The analysis focusing on the use of borosilicate as the preform material reveals that drawing at lower temperatures reduces the dissolution and diffusion based reactions, but does not prevent them. Furthermore, the analysis on YBCO glass fibers with a fused silica cladding drawn in oxygen atmosphere shows that a higher oxygen content increases the dissolution of the fused silica cladding into its ions and their subsequent diffusion into the molten YBCO core.
In addition, the performed heat-treatments on YBCO+SiO2 pellets in air and oxygen atmospheres demonstrate the gradual decomposition of the Y-123 phase with an increase in SiO2 content. Moreover, the rapid thermal annealing experiments with a subsequent quenching step on YBCO+SiO2 rods and on YBCO powder inserted inside a fused silica tube show the decomposition of the Y-123 phase and the formation of phases similar to the phases obtained in the YBCO glass fiber study, thus corroborating the results thereof.
In summary, this dissertation enables the determination of the phase relations and reaction processes within the YBCO-SiO2 system, the identification of the direct effects of the silicon content on the Y-123 phase decomposition, as well as a rigorous characterization of the dissolution and diffusion based reactions within the YBCO-SiO2 glass-clad fiber system. The generated results and drawn conclusions build a fundamental understanding of phase relations in the YBCO-SiO2 system, which enables a definite assessment of the feasibility of manufacturing long-scale purely superconductive YBCO glass fibers using the molten-core approach and introduces advanced contributions to general glass-clad fiber systems manufactured using this method.Doctor of Philosophy
This dissertation provides the first reported identification and analysis of the phase relations in the YBa2Cu3O7-x (YBCO)-SiO2 system at high temperatures. In this regard, a thorough characterization study of the reaction phases within YBCO glass fibers drawn using the molten-core approach on a fiber draw tower is provided. In addition, heat-treatment analyses considering YBCO+SiO2 pellets, rapid thermally annealed YBCO+SiO2 rods and rapid thermally annealed YBCO powder inside a fused silica tube are performed to gain further fundamental insights. The performed analyses are based on a wide set of characterization methods including energy dispersive spectroscopy on an environmental scanning electron microscope, X-Ray diffraction analyses, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and a cross-polarized light study. Our experimental results and performed analyses identify the phase relations and reaction processes within the YBCO-SiO2 system at elevated temperatures, demonstrate the direct effects of the silicon content on the superconductive YBCO phase decomposition, enable drawing definite conclusions regarding the feasibility of manufacturing long-scale purely superconductive YBCO glass fibers using the molten-core approach, and, characterize the dissolution and diffusion based reactions occurring within the YBCO-SiO2 glass-clad fiber system. In a nutshell, this dissertation provides a fundamental understanding of phase relations in the YBCO-SiO2 glass-clad system as well as key insights covering general glass-clad fibers drawn using the molten-core approach, paving the way for improved glass-clad fiber manufacturing using this method.
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Waddle, Amanda M. "Developing clays, surfaces, and colors in a conical cone confabulation." Virtual Press, 2000. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1191723.
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Nascimento, Wesley Rodrigues do [UNESP]. "Utilização da mínima quantidade de lubrificante (MQL) com água no processo de retificação cilíndrica em cerâmica avançada com rebolo de ligante resino cerâmico/metálico." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/115600.
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000806018.pdf: 1172709 bytes, checksum: ae7423fd7d8252011eeb2753eec904c3 (MD5)O uso do material cerâmico avançado na engenharia moderna têm sido essencial, principalmente nas áreas aeroespacial, biomédica, eletrônica, ótica e automotiva. As principais razões pela sua utilização provêm de sua composição inorgânica e não metálica que oferece grande resistência ao desgaste, assim como resistência em altas temperaturas, baixa densidade e propriedades eletromagnéticas diferenciadas. Pesquisas recentes mostraram que o processo de retificação é o mais apropriado para que se obtenham superfícies de baixa rugosidade com viabilidade financeira para materiais cerâmicos. Ao se retificar estes materiais, há a necessidade de utilização de grande quantidade de fluido de corte e grandes gastos na aquisição de novas ferramentas. A utilização destes fluidos em grandes quantidades tem se tornado um problema para a indústria mecânica atual, devido à preocupação mundial ao que se diz respeito à preservação do meio ambiente e saúde dos trabalhadores, por se tratar de substâncias tóxicas. Referente a esses estudos, surge uma metodologia denominada mínima quantidade de lubrificante (MQL), uma técnica que procura reduzir substancialmente a quantidade de fluido de corte utilizada no processo de retificação e melhora seu desempenho em comparação ao processo convencional de aplicação de fluido. Assim, a pesquisa analisou o comportamento da retificação de cerâmica juntamente com a técnica de mínima quantidade de lubrificante com adição de água utilizando rebolo diamantado com ligante resino cerâmico/metálico, obtendo resultados em relação à utilização do método de MQL com adição de água. O rebolo utilizado sofreu pouco desgaste em todos os métodos de lubri-refrigeração pesquisados, mostrando assim ser um rebolo ideal para a retificação de cerâmica avançada. Em usinagens mais severas (avanço de 0,75 mm/min) a utilização de MQL com diluição em água apresenta rugosidade...
The use of advanced ceramic materils in modern engineering have been essential, especially in aerospace, biomedical, electronics, optical and automotive industries. The main reasons for their use are derived from a non-metallic and inorganic composition that offers greater wear resistance as well as high temperature strength, low density and differentiated electromagnetic properties. Recent research has shown that the grinding process is the most appropriate in order to obtain surfaces with low roughness finacial viability for ceramic materials. When rectify these materials, there is the need to use large amounts of cutting fluid and large expenditures in retooling. The use of these fluids in large quantities has become a problem for the machanical industry today, due to the worldwide concern with regard to the preservation of the environment and workers' health, because it is toxic. Referring to these studies, there is a method called minimum quantify of lubricant (MQL), a technique that seeks to substatially reduce the amount of cutting fluid used in the grinding process and improves performance compared to the conventional process fluid application. Thus, the research analyzed the behavior of advanced ceramic grinding along with the technique of minimum quantify lubrificant with added water using metal bond diamond wheel, obtaining important results regarding the use of the method of MQL with added water. The grinding wheel used suffered little wear on all methods of lubrification and cooling surveyed, thus showing to ben an ideal wheel for grinding of advanced ceramics. In more severe machining operations (feed 0.75 mm/ min) using MQL dilution with water roughness features very close to the conventional method. Therefore the application of MQL with water emulsion was feasible in some machining conditions, and can thus obtain large cost savings when applied on a large scale
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Nunes, Francine Machado. "Produção e caracterização da cerâmica vermelha com a adição de resíduos oriundos da lavagem da lã de ovinos." Universidade Federal do Pampa, 2016. http://dspace.unipampa.edu.br:8080/xmlui/handle/riu/1262.
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A utilização de cinzas de resíduos sólidos para a fabricação de produtos cerâmicos tem apresentado evidências a fim de melhorar as propriedades químicas, físicas e mecânicas, minimizar os problemas ambientais e reduzir o volume de extração de matéria-prima argilosa. Em vista disso, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar a possibilidade de fabricar produtos cerâmicos a base de argila mais a adição de cinza de resíduo de lã de ovinos em diferentes percentuais, tendo por finalidade a aplicação na construção civil. O resíduo é proveniente do processo de beneficiamento da lã de ovinos em uma indústria têxtil, sendo que este foi queimado ao ar livre e peneirado em um conjunto de peneiras 20, 30, 40, 60 e 80 mesh. Foram realizadas formulações contendo apenas argila in natura e com adições de cinza de lã (CL) em percentagens de 5, 10, 20 e 30 % na massa de cerâmica vermelha, sendo submetidas à caracterização química pela Fluorescência de Raios-X (FRX) e Espectroscopia de Absorção na Região do Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier (FT-IR); mineralógica com Difração de Raios-X (DRX); térmica pela Análise Termogravimétrica (TG) e Calorimetria Exploratória Diferencial (DSC); e física por meio da distribuição granulométrica e índices físicos. A conformação das amostras foi realizada por prensagem e extrusão à vácuo. E as contrações lineares de secagem e de sinterização, também foram avaliadas. A sinterização dos produtos cerâmicos foi realizada em temperaturas de 600, 700 e 800 °C, com taxa de aquecimento de 100 °Cmin-1 e patamar de sinterização de três horas. As propriedades estruturais dos produtos foram realizadas por meio de FT-IR e DRX, e a resistência mecânica pela tensão de ruptura à flexão. Outras análises físicas como contrações lineares de secagem, porosidade aparente, massa específica aparente e absorção de água, também foram avaliadas. Para a resistência mecânica a média dos valores obtidos variou de 0,38 ± 0,15 MPa a 6,70 ± 0,76 MPa, e para absorção de água, a média dos valores foi de 14,72 ± 0,39 % a 27,60 ± 1,05 %, para os produtos cerâmicos prensados. A avaliação destes mesmos parâmetros para os produtos cerâmicos extrudados, apresentou variação de 2,38 ± 1,47 MPa a 7,38 ± 3,00 MPa e de 8,57 ± 0,68 % a 24,80 ± 1,08 %. A resistência mecânica e absorção de água obtiveram melhores valores na temperatura de queima a 800 °C. No entanto, os valores encontrados foram abaixo do esperado devido aos produtos cerâmicos extrudados apresentar patologias como o “coração negro”.
The use of solid ash residue for the manufacture of ceramic products has been evidence to improve the chemical, physical and mechanical properties, minimizing environmental problems and reduce the volume of extraction clayey raw materials. In view of this, the present study aims to evaluate the possibility to make ceramics by the clay added by sheep wool waste ash, in different percentages. The purpose of this application is the construction bricks. The residue is derived from the beneficiation process of the sheep wool into a textile, and this was burnt at the air and sieved in a set of sieves 20, 30, 40, 60 and 80 mesh, only formulations were made containing clay and wool gray additions (CL) in percentages of 5, 10, 20 and 30 % in a red ceramic, being subjected to chemical characterization by X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) and Fourier Transform in the Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR); Mineralogical with X-Ray Diffraction (XRD); Thermal by Thermogravimetric Analysis (TG) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC); through of physical and particle size distribution and physical indexes. The conformation of the samples was accomplished by pressing and vacuum extrusion. And the linear shrinkage by drying and heating, were also evaluated. The sintering of the ceramic products is performed at temperatures of 600, 700 and 800 °C with a the rate of 100 °Cmin -1 and three hours burning level. The structural properties of the products were performed by FT-IR and XRD, and the mechanical strength of the flexural breaking strain. Other physical analysis such as linear shrinkage drying, porosity, bulk density and water absorption were also evaluated. For mechanical strength average values obtained ranged from 0.38 ± 0.15 MPa to 6.70 ± 0.76 MPa and water absorption, the average value was 14.72 ± 0.39 % and 27.60 ± 1.05 % for the ceramics pressed. The evaluation of these same parameters for extruded ceramics, changed from 2.38 ± 1.47 MPa to 7.38 ± 3.00 MPa and 8.57 ± 0.68 % to 24.80 ± 1.08 %. The mechanical strength and water absorption values obtained in the best heating temperature to 800 °C. However, the values were lower than expected due to the extruded ceramic products present conditions as the “black core”.
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Zandian, Vahid. "Factors affecting the rate of devitrification of fused silica powder." Thesis, Staffordshire University, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.238383.
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Šmíd, Václav. "Bytový dům, Brno - Židenice." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-227633.
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Within the frame of my master's thesis I processed a project documentation for a construction of an apartment house in Brno – Židenice. The building is unattached and has 7 floors. On the ground floor there are four individual garages, cellar cubicles and a utility room. There are apartments on all other floors. On the highest floor, there is situated a singular apartment with outdoor terrace and vegetation area. The building is founded on strips made of reinforced concrete, vertical load-bearing structure is made of cermic blocks, floor structure is made of hollow core slabs and staircase is also made of prefabricated elements. The house is insulated with contact thermal insulation made of mineral wool. During the process of creating the projet, I followed all the requirements of actual regulations and legal enactments, to provide sufficient mechanical endurance and stability, health safety of the inner space as well as safety of the natural environment.
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Khazeni, Nasser. "Synthesis And Characterization Of Zirconium Tungstate-zirconia Core-shell Composite Particles." Master's thesis, METU, 2013. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615316/index.pdf.
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Thermal mismatch between different components of a system could cause of problems like residual stress induced cracking, thermal fatigue or even optical misalignment in certain high technology applications. Use of materials with customized thermal expansion coefficient is a counter-measure to resolve such problems. Zirconium tungstate (ZrW2O8) with negative thermal expansion coefficient is capable of being used in synthesis of composites with tailored coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE). In this work, the sol-gel method which had been already set up in our group was characterized and the sources of the factors imposing impurities in the product were distinguished in all the steps of precursor preparation and heat treatment. In the second part of study, zirconium tungstate particles synthesized by the sol-gel method were utilized as core in synthesis of ZrW2O8&ndashZrO2 core&ndash
shell composite particles. Shell layer was composed of ZrO2 nanocrystallites and precipitated from an aqueous solution by urea hydrolysis. Volume of the shell was effectively controlled by concentration of the initial zirconium ion in the solutions. The rate of precipitation was a function of the ratio of initial urea concentration to zirconium ion. It is hypothesized that isolation of the ZrW2O8 within a layer of ZrO2, will be a key element in solving problems associated with reactivity of ZrW2O8 towards other components in sintering of ceramic&ndash
ceramic composites with tuned or zero thermal expansion coefficient.
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Pinheiro, Cleverson. "Avaliação da usinagem do inconel 718 via metodologia de Taguchi /." Guaratinguetá, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/154790.
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Orientador: Marcos Valério RibeiroResumo: Apesar de ser amplamente utilizado em componentes aeroespaciais, o Inconel 718 apresenta algumas características que dificultam a sua usinagem: dureza elevada, resistência em altas temperaturas, forte afinidade para reagir com materiais de ferramentas e baixa condutividade térmica. Além do mais, esta liga possui tendência para a formação da aresta postiça de corte, endurecimento por deformação, assim como efeito abrasivo de carbonetos e fases intermetálicas, que resultam em tensões mecânicas e térmicas elevadas na aresta de corte. A qualidade de acabamento exigido pela indústria, para este material, é de 1,6 µm de rugosidade média (Ra) e 6 µm de rugosidade total (Rt). Sabendo da importância do Inconel 718, assim como da necessidade de conciliar os desafios de usinagem com a qualidade exigida, o objetivo deste trabalho foi encontrar a condição experimental que resulte em melhores resultados de usinagem. Para encontrar a condição ótima, a liga foi usinada utilizando duas ferramentas: experimental de cerâmica – Al2O3 + MgO (perfil S) e comercial de metal duro revestido (perfil C). Com a metodologia de Taguchi foram planejadas duas matrizes experimentais. Para a ferramenta cerâmica, a usinagem ocorreu a seco e nas seguintes condições: avanços de 0,10–0,20–0,30 mm/rev; velocidades de corte de 300–400–500 m/min; profundidades de usinagem de 0,20–0,35–0,50 mm. A ferramenta de metal duro revestido foi utilizada em profundidade fixa de 0,5 mm, nas seguintes condições experimentais: av... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Despite being widely used in aerospace components, the Inconel 718 presents some characteristics that make difficult its machining: high hardness, resistance at high temperatures, strong affinity to react with tools materials and low thermal conductivity. Moreover, this alloy has a tendency to form the built up edge, hardening by deformation, as well as the abrasive effect of carbides and intermetallic phases, which result in high mechanical and thermal tensions in the cutting edge. The surface finishing quality required by the industry, for this material, is 1.6 μm of average roughness (Ra) and 6 μm of total roughness (Rt). Knowing the importance of Inconel 718, as well as the need to combine the machining challenges with the required quality, the objective of this work was to find the experimental condition that results in better machining results. To find the optimal condition, the alloy was machined using two tools: experimental ceramic – Al2O3 + MgO (profile S) and commercial coated tungsten carbide (profile C). With Taguchi methodology, two experimental matrices were planned. For the ceramic tool, the machining occurred in the dry and under the following conditions: feed rates of 0.10–0.20–0.30 mm/rev; cutting speeds of 300–400–500 m/min; machining depths of 0.20–0.35–0.50 mm. The coated carbide tool was employed at a fixed machining depth of 0.5 mm, under the following experimental conditions: feed rates of 0.10–0.15–0.20–0.25 mm/rev; cutting speeds of 55–70–85–100 m/m... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
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Kudinova, Maryna. "Développement de nouvelles matrices vitreuses pour la fonctionnalisation de fibres optiques par l’exploitation de la technologie Poudre." Thesis, Limoges, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIMO0124/document.
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La majeure partie des fibres optiques utilisées dans les domaines des sources optiques et des capteurs sont dites 'fonctionnalisées', c'est à dire qu'elles possèdent des propriétés nouvelles, de par leur nature et/ou leur structure, par rapport aux fibres standards. Pour ce faire, nous allons exploiter la technologie 'Poudre' pour la réalisation de fibres optiques utilisant les propriétés de matrices vitreuses originales développées lors de cette thèse. Trois familles de fibres seront étudier afin de démontrer le fort potentiel de cette association, matériaux – technologie. La première exploitera la structuration de la gaine optique à l'aide de deux barreaux de verre vitreux (type Panda), dopés ou non à l'aide d'oxyde de cuivre. L'étude de cette fibre sera faite depuis la synthèse du matériau jusqu'au test de cette fibre en tant que capteur. La seconde fibre nous amènera à concevoir un verre optique inédit à ce jour, à définir la composition optimale et la décliner sous forme d'une fibre optique incluant ce verre pour le cœur. Enfin le procédé de fabrication de fibres optiques sera utilisé pour réaliser de premières fibres optiques à cœur vitrocéramique, c'est à dire partant d'une matrice vitreuse spécialement développée pour cette application arriver à faire croitre les nanostructures dans le cœur de la fibre et obtenir ainsi une famille de fibre inéditeThe main part of optical fibers used in the fields of optical sources and sensors are called 'functionalised', i.e. they have new properties, due to their nature and/or structure, compared to standard fibers. To do this, we will use 'Powder' technology for the realization of optical fiber using properties of original vitreous glasses developed during this thesis. Three families of optical fibers will be studied in order to demonstrate the great potential of this association, materials - technology. The first exploit the structuring of the cladding with two vitreous glass rods (Panda type) doped or not with copper oxide. The study of this fiber is done from the synthesis of the material up to the test of this fiber as a sensor. The second fiber leads us to design a novel optical glass matrix, to define the optimal composition and decline form of an optical fiber including the glass for the core. Finally, the optical fiber manufacturing process is used to produce optical fiber with glass-ceramic core, i.e. starting from a vitreous matrix specially developed for this application happen to grow the nano-structures in the core of the fiber and obtain a novel fiber family
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Park, Euisuk. "Dielectric and Strain Effects of Core-Shell / Barrier Layer Structures in Modified BaTiO3 Ceramics." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1022602832.
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Váňa, Jan. "Hotel s posilovnou." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-396161.
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The subject of the diploma thesis is new stand-alone hotel with a catering service and a relaxation zone including a fitness room, a table tennis room, massages and a solarium. The individual functional parts are separated and can be operated independently of each other. The Building consists of three floors. The ground floor will serve to run a restaurant with a background and a for relaxation zone, the remaining two floors will be used to accommodate guests and the necessary facilities. The maximum capacity for the accommodation is 59 people and requires four employees to operate it. The restaurant is designed for 81 guests and a total of 7 employees. The relaxation part is for guests only and is not accessible to other people. The structure is based on strip foundations from plain concrete and reinforced concrete foundation footing. Peripheral vertical load-bearing structures of the first above-ground floor are designed from permanent formwork system, all others loadbearing walls will be walled-up from vertically perforated block laid on thin-film adhesive. The floor structures are designed as an assembly of prestressed hollow core slabs. Roofing of the building will be made as a flat vegetation roof.
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Zhou, Lei. "Processing Effects on Core-Shell Grain Formation in ZrO2 Modified BaTiO3 Ceramics." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin983977793.
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Passos, Sheila Pestana. "Adesão e grau de conversão: efeito das cores da cerâmica e do agente de fixação resinoso /." São José dos Campos : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/105544.
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Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a translucidez de diferentes cores da cerâmica, o grau de conversão de diferentes cores do agente de fixação resinoso e a resistência de união entre a cerâmica e a dentina, variando as cores da cerâmica e do agente de fixação e o tempo de fotoativação. A hipótese é que quanto mais escuros o agente de fixação resinoso e a cerâmica, menor translucidez, menor conversão dos monômeros, mais baixa será a resistência adesiva, portanto maior tempo necessário para fotoativação. Três discos da cerâmica Vita VM7 com dimensão de 20 x 2 mm nas cores Base Dentine 0M1, Base Dentine 2M2 e Base Dentine 5M3 e dois discos com 20 x 2,5 mm da mesma cerâmica nas cores Base Dentine 0M1 e Base Dentine 5M3 foram usados para determinar a percentagem de translucidez através do espectrofotômetro MiniScan. Para se obter o grau de conversão (GC), os cp do agente de fixação (Variolink II; A3 Amarelo e transparente; espessura: 100 μm) foram fotoativados sob um bloco cerâmico (espessura: 2 mm; Base Dentine 0M1, Base Dentine 2M2 e Base Dentine 5M3) por 20 ou 40 s. Cp fotoativados sem o bloco cerâmico foram usados como controle. Dezesseis grupos (n=3) foram avaliados. Espectrometria de Micro- ATR/FTIR foi utilizada para avaliar a extensão da polimerização de todos os cp depois de 24 h. A %GC foi calculada e os dados foram analisados através de ANOVA 1-fator e teste de Tukey ( =0,05). Para avaliar adesão, a dentina da superfície oclusal de 80 molares humanos hígidos foi exposta e condicionada com ácido fosfórico 37% e adesivo (Excite DSC). Oitenta blocos (7,2 x 7,2 x 2,5 mm) da mesma cerâmica, nas cores Base Dentine 0M1 e Base Dentine 5M3, foram confeccionados de acordo com as instruções do fabricante. A superfície cerâmica foi tratada com ácido fluorídrico 10% por 60 s e silanizada. Os blocos cerâmicos de cada cor foram cimentados... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the translucency of different ceramic shades, degree of conversion of different resin cement and the bond strength between a feldspathic ceramic and dentin using different resin cement and ceramic shades, and the activation time. The hypothesis is the darker the resin cement and ceramic, lower the translucency; the lower the degree of monomers conversion, lower the bond strength, then the activation time should be higher. Three discs of Vita VM7 ceramic with 20 x 2 mm and shades: Base Dentine 0M1, Base Dentine 2M2 and Base Dentine 5M3, and two discs with 20 x 2.5 mm of the same ceramic and shades: Base Dentine 0M1 and Base Dentine 5M3 were used to determine the translucency percentage of each sp using the MiniScan espectrophotometer. For measure the degree of conversion (DC), the resin cement (Variolink II; A3 Yellow and transparent) specimens (thickness: 100 μm) were photocured under a ceramic block (2mm-thick; Base Dentine 0M1, Base Dentine 2M2 and Base Dentine 5M3) for 20 or 40 s. Specimen photocured without the ceramic block were used as control. Sixteen groups (n=3) were evaluated. Micro-ATR/FTIR spectrometry was used to evaluate the extent of polymerization of all sp after 24 h. The %DC was calculated and the data were analyzed using ANOVA 1-way and Tukey test ( =0,05). For the microtensile bond strength test, the occlusal dentin surface of eighty molars were exposed and etched with 37% phosphoric acid and an adhesive (Excite DSC) was applied. Eighty blocks (7.2 x 7.2 x 2.5 mm) of Base Dentine 0M1 and Base Dentine 5M3 of Vita VM7 ceramic were produced according to the manufacturers. The ceramic surface was etched with 10% hydrofluoric acid for 60 s, followed by the application of a silane agent and a dualcured resin cement (Variolink II; base and catalyst: A3 Yellow; base and catalyst: transparent), according to the manufacturers' ...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Orientador: Estevão Tomomitsu Kimpara
Coorientador: Amin Sami Rizkalla
Banca: Anderson Pinheiro de Freitas
Banca: Marco Antonio Bottino
Banca: Mario Alexandre Coelho Sinhoreti
Banca: Paula Komori
Doutor
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Sevegnani, Kelly Botigeli. "Avaliação de tinta ceramica em telhados de modelos em escala reduzida, simulando galpões para frango de corte." [s.n.], 1997. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/257352.
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Orientador: Irenilza de Alencar NaasDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agricola
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Mestrado
Construções Rurais e Ambiencia
Mestre em Engenharia Agrícola
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Zanoni, Ilaria. "Incapsulamento di complessi organometallici e lantanoidei con silice e sviluppo come traccianti di supporti ceramici." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/11904/.
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Lo scopo di questo lavoro di tesi sperimentale consiste nell’ideazione e nell’ottimizzazione di nuove forme d’ingegnerizzazione di sistemi nano e micrometrici di silice (SiO2) in cui sono stati incorporati complessi di metalli di transizione e lantanoidei. Lo studio è scaturito dalla prospettiva di poter trasferire le caratteristiche di luminescenza dei complessi dalla scala molecolare di sintesi a quella macroscopica, attraverso l’utilizzo di una opportuna matrice veicolante. Dopo una intensa sessione di lavoro dedicata all’ottimizzazione della sintesi e delle caratteristiche di stabilità e resistenza dei sistemi, dalla fase sol fino ai micronizzati, si è sviluppata una possibile applicazione industriale come substrato tessile dotato di funzioni eventualmente antibatteriche.
This experimental work is aimed at exploiting and optimizing new and convenient ways to incorporate organometallic and lanthanoid complexes into silica-based colloid matrices. Following a similar approach, the luminescent properties of both organometallic and lanthanoid complexes could be kept unaltered on passing from the molecular to nanometric scale (sol), ending up to micrometer sized systems (micro-powders). The subsequent optimization of the processes led to systems that were loaded onto the surface of fabric, which were successively studied for their light-induced antimicrobial abilities.
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Satoris, Brock Alan. "Effect of cooling rate and thermal expansion mismatch on the apparent interfacial toughness of core-veneer lithium-disilicate dental ceramics." The Ohio State University, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1273249313.
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Ferrer, Jorge Antonio Giles. "Uma contribuição ao fresamento frontal de superficies irregulares de ferro fundido cinzento." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/265593.
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Orientador: Anselmo Eduardo DinizTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica
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Resumo: A maior parte dos estudos sobre o processo de fresamento frontal aborda a usinagem de superfícies planas sem descontinuidades, o que na prática dificilmente acontece. Normalmente existem superfícies interrompidas com furos, superfícies estreitas que são usinadas com fresas de diâmetro grande, devido a uma pequena porção de largura maior, superfícies com rebaixos de 90o, o que faz com que todas as outras superfícies tenham que ser usinadas com uma fresa com este ângulo de posição, etc. Este trabalho pretende abordar alguns problemas gerados pelo fresamento de superfícies como as citadas. Assim, os ensaios deste trabalho foram realizados em peças de ferro fundido do meio produtivo (carcaça de compressor do sistema de freio de ônibus), que contém 3 superfícies a serem fresadas com características diferentes umas das outras. No fresamento de desbaste utilizou-se ferramenta de metal duro e cerâmica e analisou-se a influência da velocidade de corte e sentido de usinagem (concordante e discordante) sobre a vida da ferramenta, a produtividade do processo e a potência de corte. No processo de acabamento analisou-se também a influência do desgaste sobre a rugosidade da peça, especialmente usando pastilha alisadora. As principais conclusões deste trabalho foram: a) em operações de superfícies com rebaixo de 90o, em que o corte discordante se inicia com espessura de corte igual a zero, o corte concordante teve melhor desempenho em termos de desgaste da ferramenta; b) superfícies estreitas que são fresadas com fresas de diâmetro grande, devido à existência de uma pequena porção de largura maior, e que não possuem rebaixos para serem usinados, apresentaram melhor desempenho em termos de desgaste de ferramenta quando usinadas no sentido discordante; c) estas superfícies tem maior desgaste quanto maior o número de descontinuidades que possuir; d) no acabamento é possível substituir o processo de desbaste e acabamento por um único passe usando uma pastilha alisadora no jogo de pastilhas de cerâmica
Abstract: Most of the works about face milling are carried out on uninterrupted flat surfaces, which, in industrial practice, rarely occur. Usually what occur are interrupted surfaces with holes, narrow surfaces which are milled with large diameter cutters, due to a small portion of the surface with larger width, surfaces with corners of 90o, which makes mandatory the use of a 90o cutter, etc. This work deals with some problems generated by the milling of surfaces like those. So, the experiments of this work were carried out in parts of gray cast iron used in industrial production (block of compressor of a bus brake system), which contain three surfaces to be milled, with different features. In the rough milling tests, carbide and ceramic tools were used and the input variables were cutting speed and cutting direction (up and down milling). Their influences on tool lives, process productivity and cutting power were analyzed. In the finish milling tests, besides these parameters, workpiece surface roughness was also analyzed. The main conclusions of this work were: a) in the milling of surfaces with 900 corners, in which the up milling initiates with chip thickness equal to zero in each cutting edge, the down milling presented better performance in terms of tool wear; b) narrow surfaces which are milled with large diameter cutter, due to the fact that they present a small portion with larger width and which do not have corners to be machined, presented better performance in terms of tool wear when milled using up milling; c) the higher the number of interruptions of these kind of surfaces, the larger is the tool wear; d) in finish milling it is possible to replace rough and finish pass by just one cutter pass using wiper inserts
Doutorado
Engenharia de Fabricação
Doutor em Engenharia Mecânica
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Králíková, Zuzana. "Základní škola." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-227161.
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Diploma thesis solves the design of the elementary school. The building is situated in Letohrad in region Pardubice. The design of the school building contains small sport hall for pupils and for possible public access. Dinning room and the kitchen are the parts of the building. The object is designed as structural masonry system, ceramic bricks with external thermal insulation composite system. Building does not have a basement. The object is divided to three parts, teaching part, dining room with kitchen and sports hall with facilities. The building has two-storey in the teaching part, the remaining part is a single-storey with vegetation roof. All roofs are designed as a warm flat roof. The building is designed for capacity 150 pupils. Building ventilation is provided by air-conditioning equipment. Entrance to the building is barrier-free, it is installed a building elevator inside.
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De, Vizio Lorena Lucia. "L'indice di riflettanza solare come parametro di sostenbilità nei materiali da costruzione." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021.
Find full textAbstract:
Nell’ultimo decennio si è posta sempre maggiore attenzione ai diversi aspetti condizionanti il
fabbisogno energetico degli edifici, al fine di ridurre sempre di più i dispendi di energia,
soprattutto nei periodi estivi. Questa ricerca, in particolare, si è focalizzata sugli studi dei
materiali ad alto indice di riflettanza solare (SRI, Solar Refletance Index). Si sono svolte
ricerche bibliografiche sui materiali già studiati e sulle tecniche di applicazione e si è dedicata
particolare attenzione alla loro classificazione e comparazione. Si è voluto andare oltre i così
detti “cool roofs”, ovvero i tetti rivestiti con materiali cool (ad alto SRI), per studiare il
comportamento di un’eventuale applicazione di questi materiali anche per altri elementi opachi
dell’involucro e, più nello specifico, quelli che possono essere rivestiti con piastrelle ceramiche.
Per indagare in questo senso, si è studiata l’applicazione dei pigmenti cool presenti sul mercato
sia per la colorazione in massa di piastrelle sia negli smalti di piastrelle in grès porcellanato. Si
è inoltre eseguita un’analisi della durabilità delle proprietà radiative delle piastrelle ceramiche
con lo scopo di dimostrarne i vantaggi rispetto ad altri materiali cool presenti sul mercato.
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Passos, Sheila Pestana [UNESP]. "Adesão e grau de conversão: efeito das cores da cerâmica e do agente de fixação resinoso." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/105544.
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O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a translucidez de diferentes cores da cerâmica, o grau de conversão de diferentes cores do agente de fixação resinoso e a resistência de união entre a cerâmica e a dentina, variando as cores da cerâmica e do agente de fixação e o tempo de fotoativação. A hipótese é que quanto mais escuros o agente de fixação resinoso e a cerâmica, menor translucidez, menor conversão dos monômeros, mais baixa será a resistência adesiva, portanto maior tempo necessário para fotoativação. Três discos da cerâmica Vita VM7 com dimensão de 20 x 2 mm nas cores Base Dentine 0M1, Base Dentine 2M2 e Base Dentine 5M3 e dois discos com 20 x 2,5 mm da mesma cerâmica nas cores Base Dentine 0M1 e Base Dentine 5M3 foram usados para determinar a percentagem de translucidez através do espectrofotômetro MiniScan. Para se obter o grau de conversão (GC), os cp do agente de fixação (Variolink II; A3 Amarelo e transparente; espessura: 100 μm) foram fotoativados sob um bloco cerâmico (espessura: 2 mm; Base Dentine 0M1, Base Dentine 2M2 e Base Dentine 5M3) por 20 ou 40 s. Cp fotoativados sem o bloco cerâmico foram usados como controle. Dezesseis grupos (n=3) foram avaliados. Espectrometria de Micro- ATR/FTIR foi utilizada para avaliar a extensão da polimerização de todos os cp depois de 24 h. A %GC foi calculada e os dados foram analisados através de ANOVA 1-fator e teste de Tukey ( =0,05). Para avaliar adesão, a dentina da superfície oclusal de 80 molares humanos hígidos foi exposta e condicionada com ácido fosfórico 37% e adesivo (Excite DSC). Oitenta blocos (7,2 x 7,2 x 2,5 mm) da mesma cerâmica, nas cores Base Dentine 0M1 e Base Dentine 5M3, foram confeccionados de acordo com as instruções do fabricante. A superfície cerâmica foi tratada com ácido fluorídrico 10% por 60 s e silanizada. Os blocos cerâmicos de cada cor foram cimentados...
The aim of this study was to evaluate the translucency of different ceramic shades, degree of conversion of different resin cement and the bond strength between a feldspathic ceramic and dentin using different resin cement and ceramic shades, and the activation time. The hypothesis is the darker the resin cement and ceramic, lower the translucency; the lower the degree of monomers conversion, lower the bond strength, then the activation time should be higher. Three discs of Vita VM7 ceramic with 20 x 2 mm and shades: Base Dentine 0M1, Base Dentine 2M2 and Base Dentine 5M3, and two discs with 20 x 2.5 mm of the same ceramic and shades: Base Dentine 0M1 and Base Dentine 5M3 were used to determine the translucency percentage of each sp using the MiniScan espectrophotometer. For measure the degree of conversion (DC), the resin cement (Variolink II; A3 Yellow and transparent) specimens (thickness: 100 μm) were photocured under a ceramic block (2mm-thick; Base Dentine 0M1, Base Dentine 2M2 and Base Dentine 5M3) for 20 or 40 s. Specimen photocured without the ceramic block were used as control. Sixteen groups (n=3) were evaluated. Micro-ATR/FTIR spectrometry was used to evaluate the extent of polymerization of all sp after 24 h. The %DC was calculated and the data were analyzed using ANOVA 1-way and Tukey test ( =0,05). For the microtensile bond strength test, the occlusal dentin surface of eighty molars were exposed and etched with 37% phosphoric acid and an adhesive (Excite DSC) was applied. Eighty blocks (7.2 x 7.2 x 2.5 mm) of Base Dentine 0M1 and Base Dentine 5M3 of Vita VM7 ceramic were produced according to the manufacturers. The ceramic surface was etched with 10% hydrofluoric acid for 60 s, followed by the application of a silane agent and a dualcured resin cement (Variolink II; base and catalyst: A3 Yellow; base and catalyst: transparent), according to the manufacturers’ ...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Junior, Rubens Bardelli. "Desenvolvimento de um mecanismo automático de corte por fio abrasivo de cerâmicas piezelétricas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3152/tde-02062008-174047/.
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O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar uma solução funcional de um mecanismo de corte de cerâmicas por abrasão, para possibilitar a construção de transdutores piezocompósitos de ultra-som através do método \"Dice and Fill\". Esse trabalho apresenta a teoria necessária para entender como funciona o desgaste por abrasão em cerâmicas e quais as variáveis que mais influenciam nesse desgaste. São apresentados também os requisitos e as características do corte que devem ser feitos nas piezocerâmicas, bem como os cálculos de dimensionamento da taxa de desgaste através da fórmula de desgaste de Archard. Através dos resultados experimentais e práticos essa dissertação mostra como regular o equipamento para funcionar em sua máxima eficiência.The objective of this work is to describe one great and simple mechanism that is capable of machining PZT ceramic by wear. That mechanism will be used to produce piezocomposites transducers more easily by the \"Dice and Fill\" method. This work also explains how the ceramic material can be worn and which variables are important in this wear. It is also presented the requirements and characteristics of the ceramic cuts to build an ultrasonic transducer and showed how to predict the wear in the ceramic by using the Archard\'s formula. Finally all parts of the cut mechanism are described and the practical results of the study are used to setup the mechanism to work in the maximum efficiency.
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Yang, Budong. "Experimental and numerical investigation of laser assisted milling of silicon nitride ceramics." Diss., Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/1325.
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Bořil, Petr. "Výroba a vlastnosti litých keramických jader na bázi etylsilikátu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-319254.
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The aim of this diploma thesis is experimental verification of the influence of ceramics composition on the manipulation strength of the cores in the Shaw method. The work deals mainly with influence of the amount of acid in the composition of the binding fluid on the handling strength of the cores and the strength of the cores after annealing. The thesis further examines the possibility of increasing the handling strength of the cores by adding phosphoric acid to the binding fluid.
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Bhandavat, Romil. "Molecular precursor derived SiBCN/CNT and SiOC/CNT composite nanowires for energy based applications." Diss., Kansas State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/15347.
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Doctor of PhilosophyDepartment of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering
Gurpreet Singh
Molecular precursor derived ceramics (also known as polymer-derived ceramics or PDCs) are high temperature glasses that have been studied for applications involving operation at elevated temperatures. Prepared from controlled thermal degradation of liquid-phase organosilicon precursors, these ceramics offer remarkable engineering properties such as resistance to crystallization up to 1400 °C, semiconductor behavior at high temperatures and intense photoluminescence. These properties are a direct result of their covalent bonded amorphous network and free (-sp2) carbon along with mixed Si/B/C/N/O bonds, which otherwise can not be obtained through conventional ceramic processing techniques. This thesis demonstrates synthesis of a unique core/shell type nanowire structure involving either siliconboroncarbonitride (SiBCN) or siliconoxycarbide (SiOC) as the shell with carbon nanotube (CNT) acting as the core. This was made possible by liquid phase functionalization of CNT surfaces with respective polymeric precursor (e.g., home-made boron-modified polyureamethylvinylsilazane for SiBCN/CNT and commercially obtained polysiloxane for SiOC/CNT), followed by controlled pyrolysis in inert conditions. This unique architecture has several benefits such as high temperature oxidation resistance (provided by the ceramic shell), improved electrical conductivity and mechanical toughness (attributed to the CNT core) that allowed us to explore its use in energy conversion and storage devices. The first application involved use of SiBCN/CNT composite as a high temperature radiation absorbant material for laser thermal calorimeter. SiBCN/CNT spray coatings on copper substrate were exposed to high energy laser beams (continuous wave at 10.6 μm, 2.5 kW CO2 laser, 10 seconds) and resulting change in its microstructure was studied ex-situ. With the aid of multiple techniques we ascertained the thermal damage resistance to be 15 kW/cm2 with optical absorbance exceeding 97 %. This represents one order of magnitude improvement over bare CNTs (1.4 kW/cm2) coatings and two orders of magnitude over the conventional carbon paint (0.1 kW/cm2) currently in use. The second application involved use of SiBCN/CNT and SiOC/CNT composite coatings as energy storage (anode) material in a Li-ion rechargeable battery. Anode coatings (~1mg/cm2) prepared using SiBCN/CNT synthesized at 1100 °C exhibited high reversible (useable) capacity of 412 mAh/g even after 30 cycles. Further improvement in reversible capacity was obtained for SiOC/CNT coatings with 686 mAh/g at 40 cycles and approximately 99.6 % cyclic efficiency. Further, post cycling imaging of dissembled cells indicated good mechanical stability of these anodes and formation of a stable passivating layer necessary for long term cycling of the cell. This improved performance was collectively attributed to the amorphous ceramic shell that offered Li storage sites and the CNT core that provided the required mechanical strength against volume changes associated with repeated Li-cycling. This novel approach for synthesis of PDC nanocomposites and its application based testing offers a starting point to carry out further research with a variety of PDC chemistries at both fundamental and applied levels.
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Benhadjala, Warda. "Fiabilité et miniaturisation des condensateurs pour l'aéronautique : de l'évaluation de composants céramique de puissance à l'étude de nanoparticules hybrides céramique / polymère pour technologies enterrées." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR15271/document.
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L’amélioration des systèmes électroniques pour le déploiement de l'avion tout électrique dépend de la capacité des composants passifs, tels que les condensateurs, à réduire leur volume, leur masse et leur coût, et augmenter leurs performances et leur fiabilité, particulièrement dans l’environnement aéronautique. Dans ce contexte, cette thèse a eu pour objectif l’étude et le développement de nouvelles technologies de condensateurs pour des applications avioniques. Dans la première partie des travaux, nous abordons l’évaluation de condensateurs céramique de puissance. La technologie céramique constitue, en effet, l’une des rares solutions matures capables de répondre aux exigences des équipementiers. La caractérisation, l’analyse des mécanismes de défaillance, de leurs effets et de leur criticité (AMDEC) ainsi que l’étude de fiabilité et de robustesse de composants commerciaux présentant des architectures originales (condensateurs multi-chips) ont été réalisées. Ces résultats ont été complétés par une étude plus amont sur la caractérisation de céramiques frittées par frittage flash (SPS). Les permittivités colossales de ces matériaux permettraient d’accroitre la fiabilité et la miniaturisation des condensateurs tout en conservant de fortes valeurs de capacité et de tension nominale. La seconde partie, plus fondamentale, a été consacrée au développement de nanoparticules céramique/polymère coeur-écorce pour des applications de condensateurs enterrés, opérant aux radiofréquences. La synthèse et les caractérisations physico-chimiques des nanocomposites ainsi que les procédés de fabrication de condensateurs en couches épaisses sont, en premier lieu, décrits. Une méthode de caractérisation électrique large bande a été mise au point pour permettre l’analyse des propriétés diélectriques et des mécanismes de conduction des nanoparticules. Les performances des dispositifs ont été recherchées en fonction de la température et des procédés de mise en forme. En outre, la durabilité en température de ces derniers a été évaluéeThe improvement of electronic systems for the deployment of all-electric aircrafts depends on the ability of passive components, such as capacitors, to reduce their volume, weight and cost, and to increase their performance and reliability, particularly in the aeronautical environment. In this context, the objective of this thesis was to study and develop novel capacitor technologies for avionics. In the first part of this work, the evaluation of power ceramic capacitors has been discussed. Indeed, the ceramic technology appeared to be one of the few mature solutions meeting the requirements of OEMs. The characterization, the failure mode, effects and criticality analysis (FMECA) and reliability and robustness assessment of commercial components using original architectures (multi-chip capacitors) have been performed. These results have been completed by a more advanced study on the characterization of new ceramics sintered by spark plasma sintering (SPS). The colossal permittivity of these materials could allow to increase reliability and miniaturization of capacitors while maintaining high values of capacitance and voltage rating. The second part, more fundamental, is devoted to the development of core-shell ceramic/polymer nanoparticles for embedded capacitors operating at radiofrequencies. The synthesis and the physicochemical characterization of the nanocomposites as well as the manufacturing processes of the thick film capacitors are first described. A new broadband electrical characterization methodology has been developed to analyze the dielectric properties and the conduction mechanisms of the nanoparticles. The effects of the temperature and the manufacturing process on the device performance have been investigated. In addition, the durability was evaluated
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Nascimento, Wesley Rodrigues do. "Utilização da mínima quantidade de lubrificante (MQL) com água no processo de retificação cilíndrica em cerâmica avançada com rebolo de ligante resino cerâmico/metálico /." Bauru, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/115600.
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Orientador: Eduardo Carlos BianchiCo-orientador: Paulo Roberto de Aguiar
Banca: Carlos Alberto Soufen
Banca: Rodolfo Libard
Resumo: O uso do material cerâmico avançado na engenharia moderna têm sido essencial, principalmente nas áreas aeroespacial, biomédica, eletrônica, ótica e automotiva. As principais razões pela sua utilização provêm de sua composição inorgânica e não metálica que oferece grande resistência ao desgaste, assim como resistência em altas temperaturas, baixa densidade e propriedades eletromagnéticas diferenciadas. Pesquisas recentes mostraram que o processo de retificação é o mais apropriado para que se obtenham superfícies de baixa rugosidade com viabilidade financeira para materiais cerâmicos. Ao se retificar estes materiais, há a necessidade de utilização de grande quantidade de fluido de corte e grandes gastos na aquisição de novas ferramentas. A utilização destes fluidos em grandes quantidades tem se tornado um problema para a indústria mecânica atual, devido à preocupação mundial ao que se diz respeito à preservação do meio ambiente e saúde dos trabalhadores, por se tratar de substâncias tóxicas. Referente a esses estudos, surge uma metodologia denominada mínima quantidade de lubrificante (MQL), uma técnica que procura reduzir substancialmente a quantidade de fluido de corte utilizada no processo de retificação e melhora seu desempenho em comparação ao processo convencional de aplicação de fluido. Assim, a pesquisa analisou o comportamento da retificação de cerâmica juntamente com a técnica de mínima quantidade de lubrificante com adição de água utilizando rebolo diamantado com ligante resino cerâmico/metálico, obtendo resultados em relação à utilização do método de MQL com adição de água. O rebolo utilizado sofreu pouco desgaste em todos os métodos de lubri-refrigeração pesquisados, mostrando assim ser um rebolo ideal para a retificação de cerâmica avançada. Em usinagens mais severas (avanço de 0,75 mm/min) a utilização de MQL com diluição em água apresenta rugosidade...
Abstract: The use of advanced ceramic materils in modern engineering have been essential, especially in aerospace, biomedical, electronics, optical and automotive industries. The main reasons for their use are derived from a non-metallic and inorganic composition that offers greater wear resistance as well as high temperature strength, low density and differentiated electromagnetic properties. Recent research has shown that the grinding process is the most appropriate in order to obtain surfaces with low roughness finacial viability for ceramic materials. When rectify these materials, there is the need to use large amounts of cutting fluid and large expenditures in retooling. The use of these fluids in large quantities has become a problem for the machanical industry today, due to the worldwide concern with regard to the preservation of the environment and workers' health, because it is toxic. Referring to these studies, there is a method called minimum quantify of lubricant (MQL), a technique that seeks to substatially reduce the amount of cutting fluid used in the grinding process and improves performance compared to the conventional process fluid application. Thus, the research analyzed the behavior of advanced ceramic grinding along with the technique of minimum quantify lubrificant with added water using metal bond diamond wheel, obtaining important results regarding the use of the method of MQL with added water. The grinding wheel used suffered little wear on all methods of lubrification and cooling surveyed, thus showing to ben an ideal wheel for grinding of advanced ceramics. In more severe machining operations (feed 0.75 mm/ min) using MQL dilution with water roughness features very close to the conventional method. Therefore the application of MQL with water emulsion was feasible in some machining conditions, and can thus obtain large cost savings when applied on a large scale
Mestre
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DONAT, PATRIZIA. "La cisalpina orientale tra la fondazione di Aquileia e la fine dell'età repubblicana: la ceramica come indicatore di continuità e di trasformazione." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/1008.
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Oggetto dello studio è la distribuzione delle ceramiche sia di produzione locale che d’importazione nella Cisalpina più orientale dalla fondazione di Aquileia alla fine dell’età augustea. La ceramica viene utilizzata come strumento di comprensione delle dinamiche di trasformazione sociale e di sviluppo culturale che interessano questo territorio durante il processo di “romanizzazione”.
Il quadro metodologico di riferimento è l’archeologia spaziale.
Il periodo considerato è stato diviso in più fasi:
fase 1. Dalla fondazione di Aquileia (181 a.C.) al 90 a.C. Sono stati studiati 420 reperti, relativi a 18 contesti;
fase 2. Dal 90 a.C. all’inizio dell’età imperiale (27 a.C.). Sono stati studiati 786 reperti, relativi a 89 contesti.
l’età augustea. Sono state considerate solo le ceramiche analizzate nelle due fasi precedenti, per seguirne l’esaurimento definitivo. Sono stato studiati 328 reperti, relativi a 22 contesti.
Lo studio della ceramica ha comportato una riflessione metodologica, sulla terminologia e sul rapporto forma/funzione/impasto.
Classi ceramiche analizzate: vernice nera, ellenistica a rilievo, pareti sottili, comune, anfore, lucerne, con un approfondimento sulla ceramica comune
L’indicatore ceramico, permette di focalizzare alcuni elementi di continuità con il sostrato protostorico (veneto, locale, La Tène), e di individuare nuovi flussi d’importazioni a lungo raggio dall’Italia peninsulare e dal Mediterraneo.This dissertation analyses the distribution of pottery, both imported and of local production, in the Eastern Cisalpine, from the foundation of Aquileia to the end of the Augustan age. Pottery is used as a means to understand the dynamics of social transformation and cultural development that affect this area through the process of "Romanization". “Spatial archaeology” is used as a methodological reference. The period taken into consideration has been divided in three phases: 1. Foundation of Aquileia (181 B.C.) - 90 B.C. Studied 420 findings from 18 contexts; 2. 90 B.C. - beginning of imperial age (27 B.C.). Studied 786 findings from 89 contexts; 3. Augustan age. Only ceramics already studied for the preceding phases have been analysed, in order to follow the final steps of their productions. Studied 328 findings, from 22 contexts. Studying ceramic has made it necessary to re-consider methods as well as terminology and the relation between form/function/ceramic bodies. Analysed pottery classes: black slip ware, hellenistic relief ware, thin walled pottery, coarse ware, amphorae, lamps, with a special study on coarse ware. Pottery as an indicator enables us to focus some elements of continuity form the Proto-historical substrate (Venetian, local or La Tène) and to recognize new long-range import flows from peninsular Italy and the Mediterranean.
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Braglia, Luca. "Studio di parametri superficiali come metodo di valutazione della resistenza allo scivolamento delle pavimentazioni." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017.
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Le caratteristiche superficiali influenzano molte proprietà di un materiale. Nel caso dei materiali da pavimentazione le proprietà superficiali influiscono sulla scivolosità e sulla sicurezza delle persone. A fronte di un panorama internazionale caratterizzato da una varietà di metodi di valutazione della resistenza allo scivolamento, l’obiettivo del presente studio di tesi è quello di individuare un metodo univoco e oggettivo per la valutazione della scivolosità basato sullo studio della tessitura superficiale. Questa ricerca, effettuata presso il Centro Ceramico di Bologna, parte dall'indagine di campioni di piastrelle di ceramica tramite strumenti di profilometria ottica. Tramite l'analisi dei profili di rugosità e di ondulazione sono stati individuati quei parametri più significativi che meglio descrivono la struttura superficiale. Questi dati sono stati successivamente confrontati con i vari metodi di prova di resistenza allo scivolamento previsti da normativa al fine di ricercare eventuali correlazioni. I risultati ottenuti convalidano altre ricerche in merito alla resistenza allo scivolamento e mostrano come i parametri più idonei risultino essere "Rz" e "sPk". I risultati ottenuti sono particolarmente promettenti sia dal punto di vista scientifico che tecnico e aprono strade interessanti alla progettazione di superfici con resistenza allo scivolamento predeterminata.
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Menani, Luiz Ricardo. "Análise fotoelástica das tensões geradas por diferentes planejamentos de próteses parciais fixas cimentadas sobre implantes cone morse." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/58/58131/tde-26032010-123545/.
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O presente trabalho se propôs a avaliar, por meio de análise fotoelástica, o comportamento biomecânico de próteses parciais fixas cimentadas sobre implantes cone Morse (Titamax CM 4.0x11mm, Neodent) com coroas isoladas ou unidas, simulando a reabilitação de áreas posteriores com e sem a presença de elemento dental distal aos implantes, e ainda variando o tipo de material de recobrimento estético empregado na restauração protética (cerâmica ou resina), quando sobre estas próteses foram aplicadas diferentes tipos de cargas estáticas. Foi confeccionado um modelo fotoelástico simulando um espaço protético intercalado, com ausência do segundo pré-molar e primeiro molar, reabilitado por meio de quatro tipos de coroas cimentadas sobre dois implantes adjacentes: UC - coroas unidas com recobrimento estético em cerâmica; IC - coroas individuais com recobrimento estético em cerâmica; UR - coroas unidas com recobrimento estético em resina; IR - coroas individuais com recobrimento estético em resina. Análise fotoelástica qualitativa foi realizada sob diferentes condições de aplicação de carga na superfície oclusal das coroas: oclusal distribuída (10kgf), puntiforme simultânea (10kgf), puntiforme alternada no molar e no pré-molar (5kgf). A primeira análise foi feita na presença de contato proximal efetivo entre as próteses e o dente a distal dos implantes. A segunda análise foi realizada após a eliminação da coroa do dente distal no modelo fotoelástico. Registros fotográficos foram obtidos de cada situação de análise, a fim de facilitar a observação e comparação do padrão de distribuição das franjas isocromáticas em torno dos implantes. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, pode-se concluir que as restaurações cimentadas provocaram tensões no modelo fotoelástico mesmo quando da ausência de cargas oclusais. A ferulização das restaurações em cerâmica promoveu melhores distribuições das tensões isocromáticas em torno dos implantes. A presença do pilar distal com ponto de contato efetivo e ajustado nas restaurações modificou a distribuição das tensões isocromáticas, sendo que os estresses gerados pelas cargas oclusais foram também dissipados pelas réplicas dos dentes e transmitidos ao sistema fotoelástico. Ressalta-se a importância da obtenção de oclusão bem ajustada e equilibrada, para que haja adequada distribuição de forças aos implantes e osso de suporte, garantindo maior longevidade e previsibilidade de sucesso.The purpose of this study was to evaluate the biomechanical behavior of fixed prostheses cemented over morse taper implants simulating a posterior rehabilitation with or without distal teeth to the implants, by use of a photoelastic stress analysis technique. Non-segmented or segmented ceramic or resin crowns were constructed over the implants and were evaluated when different static loads were applied. A photoelastic model simulating a prosthetic space without the second premolar and the first molar was done. The edentulous space was rehabilitated with crowns cemented over morse taper implants: UC = non-segmented ceramic crowns; IC = segmented ceramic crowns; UR = non-segmented resin crowns, and IR = segmented resin crowns. Qualitative photoelastic analysis was done with different loads conditions at the occlusal surface of the crowns: distributed occlusal (10kgf), punctiform over the first molar and second premolar simultaneously (5kgf), and punctiform over the first molar or second premolar alternatively (5kgf). The first analysis was done when the proximal contact was present between the crowns and the distal teeth to implants. The second was done after the remotion of the distal teeth at the photoelastic model. The resulting stress in all areas of the model was monitored and recorded photographically in the field of a circular polariscope. The fringe pattern findings were collected for the loadings subjected to each condition and loading position. According to the results obtained it would be concluded that the cemented restorations promoted stress even without occlusal loads. The ferulization of the ceramic restorations promoted a better stress distribution around the implants. The presence of the distal teeth with an effective and adjusted contact point modified the stress distribution. Stresses generated by occlusal loads was distributed by the replicas of the teeth and transmitted to the photoelastic system. The adjusted and balanced occlusion is important to the correct load distribution to the implants and support bone, which assure a better prognostic to the rehabilitation.
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Gray, Jessica M. "Rhythmic Relations." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1286447395.
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Chen, Yi. "The redefined centre, periphery and margin : the long-term interaction sphere of southern China 3000-221 BC." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:0ae8b337-7a65-427d-9a37-9be7f4d17f9c.
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This thesis investigates southern China as a part of dynamic and extensive interregional networks from the third to the first millennium BC and explores the changing roles of different southern regions within the interregional relationships. This was an important transitional period for southern China as it was the time when several prominent and farreaching innovations of technologies and material culture were made or adopted in the area. Four key sets of materials – rice, bronze, ceramics and jade – are examined with a World-system perspective to reveal interregional contacts in different directions and of different nature between southern China and a number of neighbouring regions. By stressing on local responses towards different technologies and material culture in different period, an alternative narrative to that stemmed from Chinese historiography is, therefore, suggested. Instead of being a passive and 'backward' periphery in the traditional sense, southern China presents diversification of material culture over time. Many of the mechanisms of transmission and circulation in the south are characterised by 'leaked' technologies and designs, as well as 'selective adoption' and local redevelopment of material culture.
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Sonenberg, Marc Ian. "Discovery through Numeric Strata: A Balance of Form and Aesthetics." [Johnson City, Tenn. : East Tennessee State University], 2001. http://etd-submit.etsu.edu/etd/theses/available/etd-0719101-221505/restricted/sonenbergm0809b.pdf.
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Torres, Érica Miranda de. "Análise fotoelástica das tensões geradas por diferentes planejamentos de próteses parciais fixas parafusadas sobre implantes cone morse." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/58/58131/tde-29102008-175814/.
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A restauração protética deve receber e transmitir cargas funcionais aos implantes de forma controlada, a fim de minimizar a ocorrência de falhas mecânicas e biológicas. A concentração de tensões inadequadas na interface osso-implante pode provocar reabsorção óssea em torno dos implantes em níveis superiores aos considerados clinicamente aceitáveis. Não existe consenso na literatura quanto ao melhor planejamento protético para reabilitações parciais com múltiplos implantes adjacentes, a fim de minimizar as tensões geradas na interface osso-implante. A fotoelasticidade é uma técnica experimental para análise de tensões, bastante empregada devido à sua relativa simplicidade e confiabilidade quanto à correspondência clínica dos achados observados. O presente trabalho se propôs a avaliar, por meio de análise fotoelástica, o comportamento biomecânico de próteses parciais fixas parafusadas sobre implantes cone morse com coroas isoladas ou unidas, simulando a reabilitação de áreas posteriores com e sem a presença de elemento dental distal aos implantes, e ainda variando o tipo de material de recobrimento estético empregado na restauração protética (cerâmica ou resina), quando sobre estas próteses foram aplicadas diferentes tipos de cargas estáticas. Para tanto, foi confeccionado um modelo fotoelástico simulando um espaço protético intercalado, com ausência do segundo prémolar e primeiro molar, reabilitado por meio de quatro tipos de coroas parafusadas sobre dois implantes cone morse (Neodent) adjacentes: UC - coroas unidas com recobrimento estético em cerâmica; IC - coroas isoladas com recobrimento estético em cerâmica; UR - coroas unidas com recobrimento estético em resina; IR - coroas isoladas com recobrimento estético em resina. A adaptação marginal das coroas foi avaliada pela leitura dos desajustes verticais na interface coroa/pilar em microscópio ótico. Análise fotoelástica qualitativa foi realizada sob diferentes condições de aplicação de carga na superfície oslusal das coroas: oclusal distribuída (1kgf), puntiforme simultânea (1kgf), puntiforme alternada no molar e no pré-molar (0,5kgf). A primeira análise foi feita na presença de contato proximal efetivo entre as próteses e o dente a distal dos implantes. A segunda análise foi realizada após eliminar a coroa do dente distal no modelo fotoelástico. Registros fotográficos foram obtidos de cada situação de interesse para análise, a fim de facilitar a observação e comparação do padrão de distribuição das franjas isocromáticas em torno dos implantes. De acordo com os resultados obtidos pode-se concluir que a ferulização das coroas promoveu melhor distribuição de tensões em torno dos implantes. As restaurações metalocerâmicas resultaram em menor magnitude e concentração de tensões em torno dos implantes quando comparadas às restaurações metaloplásticas. A presença de um dente com ponto de contato efetivo na distal das coroas não modificou as tensões resultantes em torno dos implantes, mas este dente participou da distribuição de tensões para o modelo fotoelástico. A ausência de uma oclusão bem ajustada e distribuída sobre as restaurações protéticas pode provocar sobrecarga nos implantes.Prosthetic restoration should suffer and apply functional loads over implants in a controlled way with the aim to reduce the occurrence of mechanical and biological failures. The concentration of inadequate stress on the implant-bone interface may cause bone resorption around implants at levels above those considered clinically acceptable. There is no consensus in the literature about the best prosthetic plan for partial rehabilitation with multiple adjacent implants, with the aim to reduce the stress generates over the implantbone interface. Photoelasticity is an experimental technique used to analyzes stress and is highly used due to its relative simplicity and reliability in terms of the clinical agreement of the findings. The purpose of the present study was to assess, using photoelastic analysis, the biomechanical behavior of screwretained fixed partial dentures on morse taper implants with individual or connected crowns, simulating the rehabilitation of posterior areas with or without the presence of a dental element distal to the implants. Furthermore, the analyses considered different esthetic materials used in prosthetic restorations (ceramic or resin), and different static loads were applied over the prostheses. To do this, a photoelastic model was fabricated simulating the missing of the second pre-molar and the first molar. The model was rehabilitated through four types of screw-retained crowns over two adjacent morse taper implants (Neodent): CC connected crowns with ceramic esthetic overlay; IC individual crowns with ceramic esthetic overlay; CR connected crowns with resin esthetic overlay; - IR - individual crowns with resin esthetic overlay. The crowns marginal fit was assessed by reading the vertical misfits on the crownabutment interface using an optic microscope. The qualitative photoelastic analysis was performed under the application of different loads on the crowns occlusal surface: distributed occlusal (1kgf), simultaneous punctiform (1kgf), alternate punctiform over the molar and pre-molar (0.5 kgf). The first analysis was done with an effective proximal contact between the prostheses and the distal tooth. The second analysis was performed after eliminating the crown of the distal tooth in the photoelastic model. Photoelastic records were obtained in each situation that was of any interest to the analysis, with the aim to make it easy to observe and compare the distribution standard of the isochromatic fringes around the implants. According to the obtained results, it is concluded that crown splint promoted better stress distribution around the implants. The metallo-ceramic restorations resulted in less magnitude and stress concentration around the implants compared to metaloplastic restorations. The presence of one tooth with an effective contact point on the crown distal did not change the resulting stress around the implants, but that tooth took part in the stress distribution for the photoelastic model. A bad distributed occlusion over the prosthetic restorations can cause overload on the implants.
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Moreno, Marina Barrêto Pereira 1989. "Efeito de diferentes cores e do tempo pós-fotoativação na dureza Knoop do cimento resinoso = Effect of different shades and post-activation times on Knoop hardness of resin cement." [s.n.], 2015. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/289558.
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Orientador: Lourenço Correr SobrinhoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
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Resumo: A polimerização adequada de cimentos resinosos é fundamental para obter excelentes propriedades físico-mecânicas. Fatores relacionados à cerâmica e ao próprio cimento podem influenciar a passagem de luz, reduzindo a fotoativação e alterando o grau de polimerização dos cimentos. O propósito neste estudo foi avaliar a dureza Knoop após 15 min ou 24h de diferentes cores de cimento resinoso fotoativado, com ou sem a interposição da cerâmica, em diferentes profundidades. Amostras com 5 mm de diâmetro e 1 mm de espessura do cimento resinoso Variolink Veneer (Ivoclar Vivadent) nas cores HV+1, HV+2, HV+3, MV0, LV-1, LV-2 e LV-3, foram feitas em um molde de elastômero, cobertas com uma tira de poliéster e por um disco de cerâmica IPS e.max Press (Ivoclar Vivadent) na espessura de 0,7 mm e fotoativadas por 20 segundos usando o LED Radii-cal (SDI Limited), com 1.200 mW/cm2. O cimento resinoso foi transversalmente desgastado e submetido ao teste de dureza Knoop usando o aparelho HMV 2 (Shimadzu), com carga de 50g aplicada por 15 segundos, 15 min após a fotoativação e após armazenagem a 37o C por 24 horas. Cinco penetrações foram feitas na secção transversal a 100 e 700 µm da superfície de topo, sendo que vinte amostras foram confeccionadas para cada cor do cimento resinoso Variolink Veneer em cada período de armazenagem. Os dados foram submetidos à Análise de Variância em esquema de parcelas subdivididas (cor, tempo pós-ativação, modo de ativação e profundidade), seguido pelo teste de Tukey post hoc (? = 0,05). Significante diferença para a cor (p<0,0001), modo de ativação (p<0,001), tempo pós-ativação (p<0,0001) e profundidade (p<0,0001) foi detectada. Nenhuma diferença significante foi detectada entre as interações (p>0,05), exceto para a interação cor x tempo pós-ativação (p<0,0045) e modo de ativação x tempo pós-ativação (p<0,0003). A cor do cimento resinoso e a ativação indireta tiveram significante efeito na dureza Knoop. Houve um aumento significante na dureza Knoop, após 24 horas para todas as cores do cimento resinoso. A profundidade influenciou significantemente na dureza Knoop
Abstract: An adequate polymerization of resin cements is essential to obtain excellent physical and mechanical properties. Factors related to the ceramic and cement itself can influence the passage of light, decreasing the light curing and the degree of polymerization of the cement. The aim of this study was to evaluate the Knoop hardness number of different shades of resin cement light-cured either through or without the ceramic restoration and tested after 15 min or 24 h at different depths. The specimens with 5.0 mm in diameter and 1.0 mm thickness of the luting resin cement Variolink Veneer (Ivoclar Vivadent) in the HV+1, HV+2, HV+3, MV0, LV-1, LV-2 and LV-3 shades, were made in the elastomer mold, covered with a mylar strip and ceramic IPS e.max Press (Ivoclar Vivadent) disc in the thickness 0.7 mm and light-activated for 20 seconds using a LED Radii-cal (SDI Limited), with 1200 mW/cm2. The resin cement specimens were transversely wet-flattened and submitted to Knoop hardness using HMV 2 microhardness tester (Shimadzu), with a load of 50g applied for 15 seconds, 15 min after photoactivation and after storage at 37o C for 24 hours. Five indentations were made in the cross-sectional area at 100 and 700 µm from the top surface, being that twenty specimens were made for each shades of Variolink Veneer in each stored time. Data were submitted to ANOVA split-plot design (shade, post-cure time, mode of activation, and depth), followed by Tukey post hoc test (? = 0.05). The mean values of Knoop hardness are shown in Table 1. Significant differences for shade (p<0.0001), mode of activation (p<0.001), post-cure time (p<0.0001) and depth (p<0.0001) were detected. There was not significance in the interactions (p>0.05), except for shade x post-cure time (p<0.0045) and mode of activation x post-cure time (p<0.0003). The resin cement shade and indirect activation had a significant effect on the Knoop hardness. There was a significant increase in Knoop hardness after 24 h in all cements shades. The depth influenced significantly on the Knoop hardness
Mestrado
Materiais Dentarios
Mestra em Materiais Dentários
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Pereira, Camila Lúcio. "Avaliação do conforto térmico e do desempenho de frangos de corte confinados em galpão avícola com diferentes tipos de coberturas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/74/74131/tde-13072007-142228/.
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O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o conforto térmico em galpão para criação de frangos de corte, tanto do ponto de vista das variáveis ambientais do micro-clima criado por diferentes tipos de coberturas, como no que se refere aos reflexos causados sobre os animais confinados nesse ambiente. O experimento foi realizado de outubro a dezembro de 2005. Foram utilizadas 330 aves da linhagem Cobb e 330 aves da linhagem CPK Isa Hubbard, distribuídas em três tipos de instalação: com cobertura de telha cerâmica, com telha não convencional de cimento com polpa celulósica de eucalipto e com telha não convencional de fibrocimento reforçada com fibras de PVA (polivinil álcool). O desempenho térmico das coberturas foi avaliado a partir dos índices de conforto térmico (carga térmica radiante, índice de temperatura de globo e umidade e índice de temperatura de globo). Foi realizada simulação do desempenho térmico das coberturas pelo método dos elementos finitos (FEM). Para os animais foram avaliadas: as variáveis fisiológicas de termorregulação (temperatura superficial média e perda de calor por radiação), as variáveis produtivas (consumo de ração, ganho de peso e conversão alimentar) e, o comportamento ingestório de alimento e água. Os índices de conforto térmico confirmaram maior estresse térmico às 14 h. Para o ITGU a telha cerâmica apresentou desempenho equivalente ao das demais coberturas em todos os horários, porém, às 14 h a telha de fibrocimento reforçada com fibras de PVA apresentou desempenho térmico inferior ao da cobertura de cimento com polpa celulósica. No horário mais quente não houve diferença entre os valores de CTR, o que indica desempenho térmico similar entre as coberturas testadas. O método dos elementos finitos mostrou-se uma boa ferramenta de trabalho na simulação do comportamento térmico das coberturas. A diferença genética entre as linhagens está relacionada às maiores médias de TSM e menores médias de PCR apresentadas pela linhagem CPK Isa Hubbard. A linhagem Cobb apresentou melhores índices produtivos em todos os tratamentos. As três coberturas avaliadas apresentaram desempenho térmico satisfatório, configurando as \"telhas não convencionais\" como nova opção comercial de cobertura para instalações zootécnicas.The aim of this study was to evaluate the thermal comfort in poultry houses for broiler chickens, considering environmental aspects of microclimate created by different types of roofing, and the consequences for animals confined in this environment. The trial was carried out from October to December 2005. It were used 330 Cobb line chicks and 330 CPK Isa Hubbard line chicks, distributed into three types of housing: ceramic tiles, non conventional tiles of cement with eucalypt cellulose pulp and non conventional tiles of fibercement reforced with PVA fibers (alcohol polyvinyl). The thermal performance of roofing was evaluated using thermal comfort indexes: radiant thermic load (RTL), globe temperature and humidity index (GTHI) and globe temperature (GT). The simulation of thermal performance of roofs was performed using the finite elements method (FEM). Considering the animals, it were evaluated physiological characteristics of thermoregulation (mean surface temperature and heat loss by radiation), productive parameters (feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion) and intake behavior of feed and water. The thermal comfort indexes confirmed higher thermal stress at 2 pm. For TGHI, the ceramic tiles presented similar performance compared with the other roofs in all times; however, at 2 pm the fibercement tile reforced with PVA fibers presented inferior thermal performance than the cellulose cement tile. At the hottest time, there was no difference between the RTL values, what indicates a similar thermal performance among the roofing tested. The FEM was showed as a good alternative on the thermal behavior simulation of roofing. The genetic difference among the broilers strains is related to the higher means surface temperatures and lower means for heat loss by radiation presented by the CPK Isa Hubbard line. The Cobb line presented better productive indexes in all treatments. The three roofs evaluated presented a satisfactory thermal performance, confirming the non conventional tiles as a new commercial option of roofing for animal housings.
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Kinc, Marek. "Numerická simulace výroby keramických jader pro technologii lití na vytavitelný model." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-231964.
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The aim of this diploma thesis is validation of numerical simulation of the ceramic core manufacturing in the investment casting proces. The first part submit the theoretical description of the manufacturing of the ceramic cores and a description of the basic principles of numerical simulations. The second part compares the video recording of filling the wax-ceramic mixture to the die-casting mold and simulation of the same process created in a simulation software Cadmould 3D-F.
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Toniollo, Marcelo Bighetti. "Análise qualitativa e quantitativa, pelo método dos elementos finitos, da distribuição de tensão em diferentes rebordos reabilitados com próteses metalocerâmicas sobre implantes do tipo cone Morse, de diferentes comprimentos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/58/58131/tde-15022012-144804/.
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O emprego dos implantes osseointegráveis na odontologia moderna tem sido crescente. Dentre os tipos de conexões existentes, o cone Morse tem se mostrado com vantagens e atrativos interessantes. Com relação ao comprimento, a aplicabilidade de implantes curtos para casos de perda óssea vertical intensa se faz muito presente, principalmente em áreas mandibulares posteriores, a fim de se evitar procedimentos cirúrgicos mais complexos que envolvam maior morbidade. Juntamente com a perda óssea, a necessidade da manutenção do plano oclusal nivelado é inquestionável, sendo necessário o uso de próteses sobre implantes curtos com dimensões maiores, podendo haver sobrecarga sobre tais implantes e estruturas de suporte. O método dos elementos finitos (MEF) possibilitou avaliar as tensões na superfície dos implantes e componentes, e na interface entre implantes e rebordo ósseo. Neste estudo foram usados modelos de implantes cone Morse e próteses sobre implantes do tipo metalocerâmicas, individualizadas, de diferentes dimensões, alojados em diferentes rebordos com reabsorção óssea vertical. Todas as estruturas foram desenhadas por meio do programa SolidWorks (SolidWorks Corporation, Massachusetts, USA), e análises qualitativas e quantitativas das tensões equivalentes de Von Mises foram realizadas nos rebordos ósseos e implantes por meio do programa AnsysWorkbench10.0 (Swanson, Analysis Systems, Inc., Houston, USA). Os grupos foram: grupo controle (3 implantes de 11mm comprimento), grupo 1 (implantes de 13mm, 11mm e 5mm comprimento), grupo 2 (1 implante de 11mm e 2 implantes de 5mm comprimento) e grupo 3 (3 implantes de 5mm comprimento). As alturas dos pilares usados foram 3.5mm para implantes de 13mm e 11mm (regulares) e 0.8mm para implantes de 5mm (curtos). Foram simuladas forças oblíquas de 365N em molares e 200N em pré-molares. Os resultados mostraram que, com relação aos implantes e componentes, os pilares com 0.8mm de altura geraram menores tensões equivalentes de Von Mises comparativamente aos de 3.5mm de altura. A associação de implantes curtos com coroas de maiores dimensões concentrou maiores valores e distribuição de tensões na superfície destes implantes, principalmente na face vestibular (direção das cargas oblíquas). O implante mais distal sempre concentrou maiores tensões. Já com relação ao osso, houve 50% mais tensão no osso cortical para os implantes de 5mm do que os de 13mm e 11mm de comprimento. Houve 80% mais tensão no osso esponjoso para os implantes de 5mm do que os de 13mm e 11mm de comprimento. Houve maior concentração de tensão na região óssea cervical aos implantes curtos. No entanto, tais implantes foram capazes de realizar boa dissipação das tensões aos ossos frente às cargas aplicadas, apesar de atingir seu limiar próximo entre deformação elástica e plástica para o osso trabecular. Implantes mais distais e/ou com maior mesa oclusal geraram regiões de maior tensão no osso circunjacente. Concluiu-se que pacientes que se faz necessária a instalação de implantes curtos associados a próteses sobre implantes de dimensões aumentadas necessitam de cuidadosa avaliação e ajuste oclusal, já que uma eventual sobrecarga nestes implantes curtos, e até mesmo nos de comprimento regular, podem gerar tensões que vão além do limiar fisiológico do osso circunjacente, podendo acarretar danos a todo o sistema.The use of dental implants is increasing in dentistry. Among the different types of connections existent, the Morse taper has been highlighted on several positive features. Regarding to the length, the use of short implants in cases of severe vertical bone loss are becoming frequent, especially in mandibular posterior areas, avoiding more complex surgical procedures and greater morbidity. As a consequence of bone loss, the need for rehabilitation to maintain the occlusal plane level is unquestionable, leading to the use of implants prostheses with larger dimensions, which may cause overload on these short implants and the supporting structure. This finite element analysis (FEA) compared stress distribution on external surface of Morse taper implants, their abutments and at bone/implant interface of different bone ridges, varying implants length and dimensions of each metal-ceramic crowns. All structures were designed using the SolidWorks software (SolidWorks Corporation, Massachusetts, USA), and qualitative and quantitative analysis of the equivalent Von Mises stresses were ran on AnsysWorkbench10.0 (Swanson Analysis Systems, Inc., Houston, USA). Three-dimensional FE models were designed representing a posterior left side segment of the mandible: group control, 3 implants of 11mm length; group 1, implants of 13mm, 11mm and 5mm length; group 2, 1 implant of 11mm and 2 implants of 5mm length; group 3, 3 implants of 5mm length. The abutments heights were 3.5mm for 13mm and 11mm implants (regular) and 0.8mm for 5mm implants (short). Evaluation was performed on Ansys software, with oblique loads of 365N for molars and 200N for premolars. The results, for implants and abutments, showed that abutments with 0.8mm height generated less von Mises stresses compared with 3.5mm height. The use of short implants associated with bigger crowns concentrated higher stress distribution and stress values on the surface implants, mainly on the vestibular side (oblique loads). The more distal implants had the higher stress mesures. The results for the bone showed that there was 50% higher stress on cortical bone on the 5mm implants length than 13mm and 11mm implants. There was 80% higher stress on trabecular bone for the 5mm implants length than 13mm and 11mm implants. There was higher stress concentration on the bone region of the short implants neck. However, these implants were capable to dissipate the stress to the bones, given the applied loads, but achieving near the threshold between elastic and plastic deformation to the trabecular bone. Distal implants and/or with biggest occlusal table generated greatest stress regions on surrounding bone. It was concluded that patients requiring short implants associated with increased proportions implant prostheses need careful evaluation and occlusal adjustment, as a possible overload in these short implants, and even in regular ones, can generate stress beyond the physiological threshold of the surrounding bone, which may compromise the whole system.
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Margarido, Alexandre. "Estudo da influência da força de corte em usinagem a verde nas propriedades mecânicas de cerâmicas sinterizadas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18146/tde-02042012-133133/.
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O estudo trata da medição da força de usinagem a verde de corpos de provas cerâmicos e sua correlação com as propriedades mecânicas após a sinterização. A usinagem a verde é empregada em compactos brutos para conferir formatos sem extremo compromisso com precisão dimensional ou para obter uma pré-forma antes da usinagem de acabamento após sinterização; é extensivamente empregada na usinagem de cerâmicas avançadas. Durante o processo de usinagem a verde os esforços de corte determinam a introdução de defeitos críticos na superfície e são geralmente estes defeitos que governam as propriedades mecânicas das cerâmicas após a sinterização. O trabalho objetiva a elaboração e montagem de um sistema de aquisição de dados das forças de usinagem, e procura identificar o limite de agressividade de corte na manutenção da integridade do corpo de prova com produção econômica. As medidas de torque de usinagem e velocidade periférica do rebolo podem representar um modelo para predizer a associação das forças de usinagem. Corpos de prova cilíndricos foram conformados a 100 e 200 MPa, tratados termicamente após a prensagem e usinados com diferentes parâmetros de corte, sinterizados e ensaiados quanto à resistência mecânica através de compressão e flexão a quatro pontos. Os resultados mostraram a importância do tratamento térmico antes da usinagem acima da temperatura de transição vítrea do ligante para peças prensadas a 100 e 200 MPa. Peças prensadas a 200 MPa e tratadas termicamente foram usinadas sem danos a taxas de remoção de 10.000 \'MM POT.3\'/min com potencia consumida de 1700 W. Com o emprego de um cabeçote com mancais aerostáticos de alta potência e baixo ruído não se detectou a introdução progressiva de defeitos críticos na superfície devido à ação do rebolo, porém se identificou um limite de velocidade de 400 mm/min em função da profundidade de corte que excedeu a resistência mecânica dos corpos de prova comprimidos a 100 MPa, levando a ruptura. A correlação entre potência consumida e taxa de remoção, forneceu informações muito importantes para o projeto de uma máquina de usinagem á verde de produtos cerâmicos em alumina.The present study deals with the measurement forces of green machining ceramics and their correlation with the mechanical properties after sintering. The green machining is employed in crude compacts either to check raw formats without compromising the extreme dimensional accuracy or to obtain a preform prior to finish machining after sintering, extensively used in the machining of advanced ceramics. During the process of the green machining, cutting forces determine the introduction of the critical defects in the surface, which generally govern the mechanical properties after the sintering of ceramics. The study aims at the development and installation of a system of machining forces data acquisition and also the identification of the limit of cutting aggression to maintain the integrity of the ceramics with economic production. The torque measurements of machining and grinding wheel peripheral speed can represent a model to predict the association of the machining forces. Cylindrical bodies were conformed at 100 and 200 MPa, heat-treated after pressing and machined with different cutting parameters, sintered and tested concerning strength by compression and bending at four points. The results showed the importance of the heat treatment before machining above the glass transition temperature of the binder for the parts pressed at 100 and 200 MPa. Parts pressed at 200 MPa and heat-treated were machined without damage at 10.000 \'MM POT.3\'/min removal rates with power consumption of 1700 W. With the use of a spindle with aerostatic bearings for high power and low noise the gradual introduction of critical defects into the surface was not detected due to the action of the wheel. However a speed limit was identified in function of the depth of the cut, which exceeded the strength of the ceramics compressed at 100 MPa, leading to rupture. The correlation between power consumption and rate of removal provided very important information for the design of a green machining of ceramic products in alumina.
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Åström, Teodor. "Conic Intersections : Art Centre in Solna." Thesis, KTH, Arkitektur, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-122856.
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Konformen har tidigare under arkitekturhistorien ofta använts för att skapa rum enligt en cellulär logik. Projektet ämnar ompröva användandet av konformen för att organisera rum, i det här fallet applicerat på en konsthall i Solna, genom att gå utanför enbart ett repetitivt arrangemang av vertikala koniska moduler för att uppnå en variation av skalor och riktningar som spänner från stora horisontella koniska rum till mer intima småskaliga vertikala rumsbildningar. Rummen skapas genom en adderande process där koner genomskärs med varandra och med plana element som adderas i operationen. Detta tillåter på så sätt en samexistens av två olika rumsliga logiker vilket leder till en komplex och tillåtande arkitektur som kan svara mot behoven i programmet och som även lyfter fram och förstärker formen hos byggnaden. Projektet utforskar även möjligheterna med att använda konen i egenskap av att vara en enkelkrökt yta och dess betydelse för digital modellering, ritningar och konstruktion.The cone in architecture has often been used to shape and generate space with a cellular structural logic. This project reconsiders the use of the cone for organizing space, in this case applied on an Art Centre in Solna, going beyond the mere repetitive logic of conic modules, to allow for a variety of scales and directions, ranging from large span horizontal conic spaces to more intimate smaller scaled vertical conic rooms. The spaces are created through an additive process of intersecting cones with planar elements added into the operation, thus allowing the coexistence of two spatial logics, leading towards a manifold and allowing architecture that can handle the requirements of the program and that reinforces the perception of the shape. The project also explores the possibilities of the cone as a single curved unfoldable surface and it’s implications on digital model making, drawing and physical construction.
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Silva, Neto José Fernandes da [UNESP]. "Estudo experimental da remoção, por jato de ar comprimido, de detritos na superfície de corte de rebolo diamantado durante a retificação da alumina refrigerada pela técnica MQL." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/96489.
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silvaneto_jf_me_bauru.pdf: 1785488 bytes, checksum: 20f9f159b1b215b07f4c95af3fa0d932 (MD5)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
No processo de retificação e utilização de fluidos de corte é uma maneira de implementar a qualidade final ao processo, pois os fluidos têm como finalidade a lubrificação na área de contato entre a peça e ferramenta e a refrigeração das superfícies, assim evitando danificações na superfície da peça. Com isso, a utilização de fluidos de corte tem sido constantemente estudada, visando diminuir a utilização deste, pois a utilização de fluidos de corte tem seus problemas. O custo do produto final aumenta consideravelmente com o uso de fluidos de corte no processo de retificação, além de que os fluidos de corte são substâncias tóxicas e nocivas tanto às pessoas quanto ao meio ambiente. Portanto indústrias, universidades e centro de pesquisas são levados a pesquisar métodos alternativos menos prejudiciais ao meio ambiente. Dentre as alternativas surge e técnica da mínima quantidade de lubrificante (MQL), que também tem suas desvantagens, como por exemplo, a formação de uma borra de óleo na superfície de corte do rebolo, o que gera uma rugosidade maior na peça. Porém, visando minimizar esse problema podem ser usados jatos de ar comprimido incidindo na superfície de corte do rebolo, com o objetivo de limpar a superfície de corte do rebolo, com o objetivo de limpar a superfície do rebolo. Dessa forma, avaliou-se a eficiência desse sistema de ar comprimido para a limpeza e pôde-se verificar que, a utilização da limpeza juntamente com a técnica do MQL, torna-se viável, pois de uma maneira geral a técnica do MQL com limpeza obteve melhores resultados na qualidade da peça e desgaste da ferramenta, em relação ao MQL sem limpeza. A limpeza com um ângulo tangente à superfície do rebolo foi a condição de limpeza que obteve melhores resultados para a limpeza o que comprova que a melhoria na técnica do...
In grinding process the use of cutting fluids is a way to implement the final quality of the process because the fluids are intended for the lubrication in the contact area between the work piece, the tool and the cooling of the surfaces avoiding damages on the work piece surface. However, the use of cutting fluids has been constantly studied in order to reduce its use since this practice brings a lot of problems about. The final product cost increases considerably along with the use of cuting fluids in gringing process, besides those substances are toxic and harmful to people and to the environment as well. Therefore, industries, universities and research center have been taken as sites for investigating less harmfulll alternative methods to the environment. Among such alternatives comes up of minimum quantify of lubricant technique (MQL), which also has some disadvantages, such as the formation of oil sludge on the cut surface of the wheel, which creates a greater surface roughness on the work piece. However, in order to minimize this problem compressed air jets can be used focusing on the cut surface of the wheel, in order to clean it. Thus, we could evaluated the effectiveness of that compressed air system used for cleaning, and it was possible to observe that the use of cleaning with the MQL technique is feasible because from a general view the use of the MQL technique in the cleaning process showed better results in the quality of the work piece and wornout of the tool comparing to the to the MQL with no cleaning. The cleaning with a tangent angle to the surface of the wheel was the condition of cleanliness that showed better results for the cleanliness which proves that the improvements for the MQL techniques does not lead to significant results compared to the conventional technique. However, the MQL technique with cleanliness has its... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Hulings, Quinn A. "Hugging The Fog." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1333651801.
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Choi, Keum-Ran. "3D thermal mapping of cone calorimeter specimen and development of a heat flux mapping procedure utilizing an infrared camera." Link to electronic thesis, 2005. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-020205-215634/.
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Dissertation (Ph.D.)-- Worcester Polytechnic Institute.Keywords: temperature measurement; heat flux maps; Cone Calorimeter; three-dimensional heat conduction; fire growth models; retainer frame; ceramic fiberboard; edge effect; one-dimensional heat conduction; heat flux mapping procedure; infrared camera; specimen preparation; edge frame; one-dimensional heat conduction model; thermal properties. Includes bibliographical references (p.202-204).