Relevant bibliographies by topics / Cephalosporins – Side effects

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Academic literature on the topic 'Cephalosporins – Side effects'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 12 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Cephalosporins – Side effects"

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Shahbaz, Kiran. "Cephalosporins: pharmacology and chemistry." Pharmaceutical and Biological Evaluations 4, no. 6 (December 3, 2017): 234. http://dx.doi.org/10.26510/2394-0859.pbe.2017.36.

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Cephalosporins are the most important antibiotics having β-lactam ring and are obtained from a fungus Acremonium, also known as cephalosporium. The wide use of cephalosporins against bacteria in various severe infections such as respiratory tract infection (RTI), skin infection and urinary tract infection (UTI) has led the scientist dive into the detail of this antibacterial drug. The knowledge about structural activity relationship (SAR), spectrum of inhibition (SOI), chemical properties and pharmacology of cephalosporin has pivotal impact to device advanced therapeutic results. The treatment of a disease using cephalosporin has many pros and cons. If the pharmacology and chemical properties of this drug are known properly, many side effects can be diminished or minimized to a certain level. This article review some pharmacological and chemical properties of cephalosporins.
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Norrby, S. Ragnar. "Side Effects of Cephalosporins." Drugs 34, Supplement 2 (1987): 105–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00003495-198700342-00009.

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Gradl, Gabriele, Johanna Werning, Salka Enners, Marita Kieble, and Martin Schulz. "Quality Appraisal of Ambulatory Oral Cephalosporin and Fluoroquinolone Use in the 16 German Federal States from 2014–2019." Antibiotics 10, no. 7 (July 8, 2021): 831. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10070831.

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Background: Despite concerns about causing bacterial resistance and serious side effects, oral cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones are still frequently prescribed in Germany. We aimed to test a method for the detection of regional quality differences in the use of oral cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones and to apply this to the German federal states. Methods: Use of antibiotics from 2014–2019 was analyzed using dispensing data from community pharmacies claimed to the statutory health insurance (SHI) funds. Quality of regional antibiotic use in 2019 was assessed by calculating indicators based on defined daily doses per 1000 SHI-insured persons per day (DID). Oral cephalosporin and fluoroquinolone use was followed by linear regression analyses. Results: The method used was suitable to find meaningful quality differences in ambulatory oral cephalosporin and fluoroquinolone use between the German federal states. In 2019, DID varied from 1.62 in Brandenburg to 3.17 in Rhineland-Palatinate for cephalosporins and from 0.47 in Brandenburg to 0.89 in Saarland for fluoroquinolones. The city-states Hamburg, Bremen, and Berlin showed highest quality with the applied indicator set. From 2014–2019, a significant decrease in utilization of oral cephalosporins was found in all federal states. During 2017–2019, all states showed a significant decline of fluoroquinolone use.
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Bathini, Lavanya, Racquel Jandoc, Paul Kuwornu, Eric McArthur, Matthew A. Weir, Manish M. Sood, Marisa Battistella, et al. "Clinical Outcomes of Failing to Dose-Reduce Cephalosporin Antibiotics in Older Adults with CKD." Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 14, no. 2 (January 10, 2019): 197–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.2215/cjn.10710918.

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Background and objectivesCurrent dosing recommendations for cephalosporin antibiotics are on the basis of pharmacokinetic studies and are frequently ignored in practice. This study was undertaken to investigate the clinical outcomes of failing to dose-reduce cephalosporin antibiotics in CKD.Design, setting, participants, & measurementsRetrospective cohort study conducted in Ontario, Canada using linked population-based health care databases. Nine thousand three hundred forty-seven outpatients (median age 83; interquartile range, 77–88 years; 57% women) with an eGFR<30 ml/min per 1.73 m2 and no prior history of dialysis were dispensed oral cephalexin, cefuroxime, or cefprozil between April of 2007 and March of 2016. Two thirds of the patients (6253 of 9347) received a higher than recommended daily dose of cephalexin (>1000 mg), cefuroxime (>500 mg), or cefprozil (>500 mg). The primary outcome was a hospital encounter (emergency room visit or hospital admission) with a condition listed as a possible side-effect of cephalosporins. Secondary outcomes were antibiotic treatment failure and all-cause mortality. All measures were assessed in the 30 days after cephalosporin initiation.ResultsPatients who received a higher than recommended dose of a cephalosporin antibiotic were similar in multiple indicators of baseline health to patients who received a reduced dose. Overall, 6% of patients presented to hospital with a possible cephalosporin side-effect, 13% failed antibiotic treatment, and 3% died. Compared with a reduced dose, receiving a higher dose of antibiotic was not associated with a different rate of side-effects (adjusted odds ratio, 1.00; 95% confidence interval, 0.84 to 1.20), treatment failure (1.01; 0.88 to 1.15), or death (0.99; 0.76 to 1.29).ConclusionsIn this study we failed to demonstrate any association between the dose of cephalosporin antibiotic administered to elderly patients with CKD and the risk of side-effects leading to hospitalization, treatment failure, or mortality.
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Safadi, Sami, Michael Mao, and John J. Dillon. "Ceftriaxone-Induced Acute Encephalopathy in a Peritoneal Dialysis Patient." Case Reports in Nephrology 2014 (2014): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/108185.

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Encephalopathy is a rare side effect of third and fourth generation cephalosporins. Renal failure and preexisting neurological disease are notable risk factors. Recognition is important as discontinuing the offending agent usually resolves symptoms. We present a case of acute encephalopathy in a patient with end stage renal disease (ESRD) treated with peritoneal dialysis (PD) who received intravenous ceftriaxone for peritonitis. This case illustrates the potential severe neurologic effects of cephalosporins, which are recommended by international guidelines as first-line antimicrobial therapy for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis.
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Marble, Dwight A., and John A. Bosso. "Norfloxacin: A Quinoline Antibiotic." Drug Intelligence & Clinical Pharmacy 20, no. 4 (April 1986): 261–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/106002808602000402.

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Norfloxacin is a quinoline (quinolinecarboxylic acid) that should prove successful in treating infections that currently require hospitalization and intravenous antibiotics. Although a nalidixic acid derivative, it possesses greater antibacterial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Compared with other antimicrobial agents, norfloxacin is more potent than the aminoglycosides, first-, second-, and third-generation cephalosporins, tetracycline, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, carbenicillin, piperacillin, nalidixic acid, oxolinic acid, cinoxacin, and enoxacin. In the clinical studies to date, the side effects of norfloxacin have been minimal, but include nausea, vomiting, anorexia, dizziness, headache, drowsiness, depression, and a bitter taste in the mouth. In studies with more than 4000 patients, the incidence of side effects ranged from 3.9 to 4.7 percent, with most appearing by the second day of therapy.
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Demchenkova, E. Yu, G. I. Gorodetskaya, I. A. Mazerkina, M. V. Zhuravleva, A. S. Kazakov, M. V. Gorodetskiy, L. Yu Badriddinova, and S. Yu Serebrova. "Major Aspects of Detection and Monitoring of Adverse Reactions Associated with Cephalosporin Antibiotic Treatment." Safety and Risk of Pharmacotherapy 9, no. 1 (March 16, 2021): 34–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.30895/2312-7821-2021-9-1-34-42.

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Widespread use of cephalosporin antibiotics in clinical practice calls for greater attention to the risk of adverse drug reactions. Information on serious or unexpected adverse events reported during post-marketing experience is submitted to national and international pharmacovigilance databases. Analysis of these reports helps to identify new adverse drug reactions.The aim of the study was to analyse the safety profile of cephalosporin antibiotics based on spontaneous reports in the international VigiBase database.Materials and methods: the analysis of the adverse reaction profile of cephalosporin antibiotics was based on MedDRA system organ classes and included spontaneous reports submitted to VigiBase from the moment of its creation until August 2020.Results: the authors identified the most clinically significant adverse reactions for different cephalosporin generations. They compared and analysed information on adverse events in VigiBase and in patient information leaflets of medicinal products authorised in the Russian Federation. It was demonstrated that some serious events described in VigiBase spontaneous reports for V-generation cephalosporins are not included in the “Side effects” section of the patient information leaflets. According to VigiBase, the use of ceftaroline was associated with the development of generalised exfoliative dermatitis, Stevens–Johnson syndrome, tubulointerstitial nephritis, while the use of ceftolozane was associated with acute kidney injury, renal insufficiency, sepsis, pneumonia, and respiratory insufficiency.Conclusion: reporting of unexpected and serious adverse drug reactions to cephalosporin antibiotics is an important task of healthcare practitioners. Availability of information on class-specific and generation-specific serious adverse reactions will help predict and prevent their development.
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Leviton, Ira. "Separating Fact from Fiction: The Data Behind Allergies and Side Effects Caused by Penicillins, Cephalosporins, and Carbapenem Antibiotics." Current Pharmaceutical Design 9, no. 12 (May 1, 2003): 983–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612033455143.

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Hujer, Andrea M., Kristine M. Hujer, Marion S. Helfand, Vernon E. Anderson, and Robert A. Bonomo. "Amino Acid Substitutions at Ambler Position Gly238 in the SHV-1 β-Lactamase: Exploring Sequence Requirements for Resistance to Penicillins and Cephalosporins." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 46, no. 12 (December 2002): 3971–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.46.12.3971-3977.2002.

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ABSTRACT Site saturation mutagenesis of the 238 position in the SHV β-lactamase was performed to identify the complete sequence requirements needed for the extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) phenotype. MICs (in micrograms per milliliter) in an isogenic background, Escherichia coli DH10B, demonstrated that the Gly238Ala mutation conferred the most resistance to penicillins and cephalosporins. The absolute increase in resistance was greatest against cefotaxime for the Gly238Ala mutant (0.06 to 8 μg/ml). Except for the strain possessing the Gly238Pro β-lactamase, ceftazidime MICs were also elevated. None of the mutant SHV β-lactamases were expressed in as great an amount as the wild-type β-lactamase. Kinetic analysis of the Gly238Ala mutant revealed that penicillin and cephalosporin substrates have a lower Km for the enzyme because of this mutation. Ampicillin and piperacillin MICs were inversely proportional to the side chain volume of the amino acid in cases larger than Ser, suggesting that steric considerations may be a primary requirement for penicillin resistance. Secondary structural effects explain increased resistance to oxyiminocephalosporins. Based upon this study, we anticipate that additional mutations of Gly238 in the SHV β-lactamase will continue to be discovered with an ESBL (ceftazidime or cefotaxime resistant) phenotype.
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Lacroix, C., F. Kheloufi, F. Montastruc, Y. Bennis, V. Pizzoglio, and J. Micallef. "Serious central nervous system side effects of cephalosporins: A national analysis of serious reports registered in the French Pharmacovigilance Database." Journal of the Neurological Sciences 398 (March 2019): 196–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jns.2019.01.018.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Cephalosporins – Side effects"

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Thomas, Claudia. "The epidemiology and control of Clostridium difficile infection in a Western Australian hospital." University of Western Australia. School of Population Health, 2003. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2004.0011.

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[Truncated abstract] The prinicipal aim of this thesis was to explore the relationship between 3rd generation cephalosporin antibiotics and hospital-acquired Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea (CDAD). This antibiotic class has been implicated in the aetiology of CDAD; therefore restriction of these antibiotics via antibiotic policies represents a potential strategy for prevention and control of CDAD. Successful control of CDAD in hospitals translates to improved quality of care for patients, and a reduction of pressure on hospital resources. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to determine whether 3rd generation cephalosporins were related to CDAD, to evaluate the effect of changes to antibiotic policy on the incidence of CDAD, and to determine the impact of CDAD on patient length of stay and hospital costs. The study was conducted in Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital (SCGH), a public teaching hospital located in Perth, the capital city of the state of Western Australia. Evidence for an association between 3rd generation cephalosporins and CDAD was obtained from studies of ecologic- and individual-level data. A time series analysis of the relationship between monthly consumption of 3rd generation cephalosporins and the incidence of CDAD in SCGH was undertaken covering the period 1994 to 2000. The results demonstrated a positive relationship between the use of 3rd generation cephalosporins and CDAD. A matched case-control study that involved 193 adult inpatients diagnosed with CDAD and 386 adult inpatients without CDAD, selected from the period 1996 to 2000, was conducted. Information was collected on exposure to 3rd generation cephalosporin antibiotics during hospitalisation, as well as exposure to other antibiotics and medications, procedures, and comorbidities. Results from conditional logistic regression analyses found CDAD cases were six times more likely to be exposed to 3rd generation cephalosporins during their admission, prior to the onset of diarrhoea, than controls (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 6.17, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.56-24.37). Approximately one third of CDAD in the study population could be attributed to 3rd generation cephalosporins. CDAD cases were also four times more likely to have been exposed to either amoxicillin-clavulanate or ticarcillin-clavulanate (adjusted OR=4.23, 95% CI=1.81-9.93). In October 1998, an antibiotic policy was introduced at SCGH that restricted the use of ceftriaxone, the 3rd generation cephalosporin most commonly used by the hospital. During 1999 and 2000, the incidence of CDAD halved as ceftriaxone consumption fell in response to this policy. The effect of this policy was demonstrated in the time series model; during the post-policy period the relationship between ceftriaxone and CDAD that was evident prior to the policy was cancelled out. From the individual-level data, obtained from the case-control study, a reduction in the prevalence of exposure to 3rd generation cephalosporins from 11% to 1% accounted for a 30% reduction in the incidence of CDAD. Data from the case-control study was also used to analyse the independent contribution of CDAD to length of stay and admission costs using multiple linear regression
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Books on the topic "Cephalosporins – Side effects"

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Goffin, Eric, Laura Labriola, and Michel Jadoul. Bacterial and fungal infections in patients on peritoneal dialysis. Edited by Jonathan Himmelfarb. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0270.

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Infections specifically related to peritoneal dialysis include peritonitis on the one hand, and exit-site and tunnel infections on the other hand.The diagnosis of peritonitis rests on the classical triad of cloudy dialysate, abdominal pain, and presence of < 100 white-cells (including < 50 % polymorphonuclear cells) within the dialysate effluent. Because peritonitis is associated with high mortality and morbidity rates, empiric antibiotics should be initiated without delay, covering both Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms. Most regimens include vancomycin or a first-generation cephalosporin for the former, and a third-generation cephalosporin or an aminoglycoside for the latter. Antibiotics are usually administered via the intraperitoneal route. Prophylaxis with an anti-fungal agent has to be considered in diabetic patients and in those who just received prolonged antibiotic administration. Cure is obtained in up to 80 % of the cases ; treatment failure however may occur with refractory or relapsing peritonitis episodes. This is especially common in fungal or fecal associated peritonitis, and will require catheter withdrawal. The incidence of peritonitis has dramatically decreased in recent years with the advent of new connectology systems, and both adequate preventive measures and improved patients’ education. Still it is not clearly documented that new biocompatible dialysate fluids have a favorable effect on peritonitis incidence.Exit-site and tunnel infections are defined by the presence of a purulent discharge around the catheter and by erythema, oedema and tenderness of the subcutaneous pathway of the catheter, respectively. Antibiotics are recommended in case of documented infection. Cuff shaving may sometimes be required, as well as catheter removal in case of unfavourable evolution.
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Book chapters on the topic "Cephalosporins – Side effects"

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"Cephalosporins." In Meyler's Side Effects of Drugs, 197–215. Elsevier, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-53717-1.00465-0.

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Midtvedt, T. "Penicillins, cephalosporins and tetracyclines." In Side Effects of Drugs Annual, 210–19. Elsevier, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-6080(05)80091-1.

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Midtvedt, T. "Penicillins, cephalosporins and tetracyclines." In Side Effects of Drugs Annual, 234–40. Elsevier, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-6080(86)80031-9.

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Midtvedt, T. "Penicillins, cephalosporins and tetracyclines." In Side Effects of Drugs Annual, 223–30. Elsevier, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-6080(87)80031-4.

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Midtvedt, T. "Penicillins, cephalosporins and tetracyclines." In Side Effects of Drugs Annual, 206–15. Elsevier, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-6080(88)80091-6.

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Midtvedt, T. "Penicillins, cephalosporins and tetracyclines." In Side Effects of Drugs Annual, 210–19. Elsevier, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-6080(89)80031-5.

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Midtvedt, T. "Penicillins, cephalosporins and tetracyclines." In Side Effects of Drugs Annual, 262–72. Elsevier, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-6080(05)80506-9.

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Midtvedt, T. "Penicillins, cephalosporins and tetracyclines." In Side Effects of Drugs Annual, 230–37. Elsevier, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-6080(85)80030-1.

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Midtvedt, T. "Penicillins, cephalosporins, and tetracyclines." In Side Effects of Drugs Annual, 296–302. Elsevier, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-6080(05)80209-0.

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Midtvedt, T. "Penicillins, cephalosporins and tetracyclines." In Side Effects of Drugs Annual, 254–65. Elsevier, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-6080(05)80329-0.

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